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Ford Explorer From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The is a produced by the American manufacturer Ford since 1990. The Ford Ford Explorer Explorer went on to become one of the most popular sport utility vehicles on the . The model years through 2010 were traditional body-on-frame, mid-size SUVs. For the 2011 model year, Ford moved the Explorer to a more modern unibody, full-size SUV/crossover utility vehicle platform, the same Volvo-derived platform the and use. It is slotted between the traditional body-on-frame, full-size and the mid-size CUV . Although outwardly similar, the fifth generation Explorer, Ford Edge and do not share platforms. The fifth generation Explorer does, however, share platforms with the Ford Overview Flex and Lincoln MKT. Manufacturer The Explorer has also been involved in controversy, after Production 1990–present a spate of fatal rollover accidents in the 1990s involving Model years 1991–present Explorers fitted with Firestone tires. Both two-door Body and chassis Explorer Sport and four-door models of Explorer have been sold. Part-time four-wheel drive is an available Class Mid-size sport utility vehicle (1991– option, and since 1995 this has been a 'shift on the fly' 2010) system with full protection against being engaged at high Full-size crossover (2011–present) speed. A specially modified Special Service Vehicle Chronology version is also available from Ford Fleet for law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and EMS Predecessor II agencies. Explorer was also the name of a trim package offered on the Ford F-Series trucks from 1968 to 1986. The 2011 Ford Explorer was named North American Truck of the Year.[1]

Contents

1 First generation (1990–1994) 2 Second generation (1995–2001) 2.1 Significant year to year changes 2.2 Engine specifications 3 Third generation (2002–2005) 4 Fourth generation (2006–2010) 4.1 4.2 Sport Trac Adrenalin 4.3 Explorer America concept 5 Fifth generation (2011–) 5.1 Features 5.2 Capability 5.3 Safety and security 5.3.1 NHTSA 5.4 Awards 5.5 2013 Ford Explorer Sport 6 Explorer Sport variation 6.1 Navajo 7 Ford Explorer Special Service Vehicle/Ford Police Interceptor Utility fleet vehicles 8 Export sales 8.1 UK models 8.2 Middle East 8.3 Current exports 9 Criticism and Controversies 9.1 Rollover and Firestone Tire controversy 9.2 U-Haul trailers 10 Sales 11 See also 12 References 13 External links

First generation (1990–1994)

When the first Ford Explorer rolled off the assembly line on April 12, 1990, it was released in May, 1990 for the First generation (UN46) 1991 model year. First generation Explorers were equipped with the then new 155 hp (116 kW) 4.0 L Cologne V-6, manufactured in Cologne, Germany. Vehicles came with either Ford's own 4-speed A4LD automatic , built in France, or Mazda's 5- speed M5OD . Like the Bronco II it replaced, it was an SUV derivative of the Ranger pickup, thus Explorers came equipped with many of the Ranger's optional features. Like its direct competitor, the Chevrolet S-10 Blazer, Explorers were available in both 3-door and 5-door body styles and with either rear-wheel drive or four-wheel drive. The four-wheel drive versions were First-generation Ford Explorer XLT 4x4 equipped with a Borg Warner 13–54 part-time four- wheel drive . The 13–54 was available with Overview either "Touch Drive" electronic push-button shifting or Production April 1990–1994 manual lever-operated shifting. Both were "shift-on-the- fly" designs that allowed the SUVs to be shifted from Assembly Louisville, Kentucky, United States two-wheel drive to "four-high" at any speed and into (Louisville Assembly Plant) "four-low" when the vehicle was stopped. All Explorers St. Louis, Missouri, United were equipped with the Ford 8.8 in either a limited States(St. Louis Assembly) slip or open version with a variety of available gear ratios. Valencia, Venezuela (Valencia Four-wheel-drive front were the TTB ("Twin Assembly) Traction Beam") with some Dana 44-spec components. Body and chassis Body style 3-door SUV Explorers 5-door SUV initially came in 4 trim levels: the Layout Front engine, rear-wheel drive / base model XL four-wheel drive (which was Related Mazda Navajo later replaced with the XLS Ford Bronco II trim package as the base trim), Powertrain Interior of First Generation Ford XLT, Sport Engine 4.0 L Cologne V-6 Explorer 3-door Sport with cloth (which was Transmission 5-speed M5OD-R1 manual seats what the 3- door version 4-speed A4LD automatic was called), and the upscale edition. For the Dimensions 1993 model year, engine output was increased by 5 hp 3-Door: 102.1 in (2593 mm) (4 kW) for a total of 160 hp (119 kW). The Limited 5-Door: 111.9 in (2842 mm) edition, added for the 1993 model year, was available only in the 5-door body style and was positioned at the Length 3-Door: 174.5 in (4419 mm) top of the lineup above the Eddie Bauer edition. It 5-Door: 184.3 in (4673 mm) featured automatic headlights, an auto-dimming rear-view Width 70.2 in (1778 mm) mirror, foglamps, a center roof console with compass and outside thermometer, unique wheels and grille, and an Height 3-Door: 67.5 in (1714 mm) as standard equipment. The grill 5-Door: 67.3 in (1709 mm) and headlight trims on the Limited edition were paint- Eddie Bauer 4-Door 4WD: 68.3 in matched to the body color, unlike the chrome (XLT) or (1735 mm) black plastic (XL) versions on other trim levels.

Similar to the 5-door Ford Explorer, the 3-door Explorer Sport model came in both rear-wheel drive and four- wheel drive variants. It replaced the Ford Bronco II as Ford's 3-door mid-size SUV. A variant of the Explorer Sport was sold by Mazda as the Navajo, which won Motor Trend Truck of the Year award, until it was discontinued in 1994.

A common complaint about the first generation models is that the light-duty A4LD automatic transmission, which was basically the 3-speed Ford C3 transmission with an overdrive gear, was not well-suited for towing and was unable to cope with higher power output from modified engines. The A4LD was also known to suffer premature failure of the overdrive gear (or 4th gear) when used to frequently tow or haul heavy loads. Improved fluid cooling using aftermarket transmission coolers can alleviate these issues. Also, the automatic locking front hubs on four-wheel drive vehicles tended to fail prematurely; the manual versions, made for Ford by Warn, suffered from fewer reliability problems.

Second generation (1995–2001)

Second generation (UN105/UN150) The Explorer saw significant exterior, interior, and suspension updates for the 1995 model year. The 4.0 L Cologne V-6 from the previous generation carries over. The "Twin Traction Beam" (TTB) front suspension was replaced with a more carlike independent front suspension. The Ford Explorer lineup now consisted of two models, the 3-door Explorer Sport and the 5-door Explorer. The Limited was once again the top of the line model. The selectable automatic ControlTrac four wheel drive system debuted with a two-speed dual range transfer case featuring three drive modes: 2WD, 4WD Overview auto, and 4WD low. The 1995 Ford Explorer was the first production vehicle to use a neon center high-mount Also called Ford Explorer Sport (3-door) stop lamp.[3] It was also the first vehicle in its segment to Production November 1994–2000[2] have dual front . Like the Explorer 5-door, the November 1994–2003 for Sport Explorer Sport was significantly redesigned for 1995. Assembly Louisville, Kentucky, United States The Eddie Bauer trim level was replaced with Expedition on 3-door Explorers for the 1995 model (Louisville Assembly Plant) year, but the Expedition trim was removed from the St. Louis, Missouri, United States ( lineup for the 1996 model year, as the name was being Valencia, Venezuela (Valencia reused for the new 1997 Ford Expedition. Assembly) Body and chassis Explorers have became favored in the engine tuning crowd, with many performance parts available. The 5.0 Body style 3-door SUV(1995–2003) engine is popular due to the fact that many aftermarket 5-door SUV(1995–2001) 5.0 (302) parts are interchangeable with Layout Front engine, rear-wheel drive / the 5.0 variant in the Explorer. Aftermarket parts available four-wheel drive for second generation Explorers include, but are not limited to superchargers, nitrous kits, and headers. Powertrain Engine 2001 saw the introduction of the Explorer Sport Trac, 4.0 L Cologne OHV "Pushrod" V-6 which put a small pickup bed behind four normal SUV (1995-2001) doors. The Sport Trac is similar in design to the Ford F- Series Super Crew, except the F-Series is based on a full 4.0 L Cologne SOHC V-6 (1997- size . 2003) 5.0 L Windsor OHV V-8 (1996- In 2009, this generation Ford Explorer had five of the top 2001) seven spots for vehicles traded in under the "cash for Transmission clunkers" program, with the 1998 model topping the 5-speed M5OD-R1 manual (4.0 L [4] list. The 1994 model from the previous generation had OHV) the eighth spot on the list. 5-speed M5OD-R1HD (4.0 L The Explorer was sold outside of North America to SOHC) export markets in a right hand drive configuration. Today 4-speed 4R55E automatic (4.0 L countries like Japan export used right hand drive models 1995-1996) of the Ford Explorer to other countries such as Canada, 4-speed 4R70W automatic (V-8 Australia and New Zealand where there is demand for models) quality used right hand drive SUV's. Due to Japan's strict 5-speed 5R55E automatic (4.0 L Shaken Laws, used vehicles tend to have low milage with 1997-2001) detailed repair histories.[5] Dimensions Significant year to year changes Wheelbase 1995–97 5-door: 111.5 in (2831 1996 mm) 5.0 L (302ci) 302/"5.0" Windsor V-8 and heavy- 1998–2001 5-door: 111.6 in (2834 mm) duty 4-speed 4R70W automatic transmission 1995–99 3-door: 101.7 in added. (2565 mm) "Full time" all wheel drive system becomes 2000–03 3-door: 101.8 in (2568 available only for the V-8 powered models. mm)

1997 Length Saddle Tan interior is discontinued and replaced with Medium Prairie Tan, a lighter color. 1995–2001 5-door: 190.7 in (4826 mm) An updated, more powerful version of the current 1995–97 3-door: 178.6in (4536 mm) pushrod V-6 is added as an option on all models 1998–99 3-door: 180.8 in (except Eddie Bauer and Limited, on which this (4572 mm) engine was standard), the 4.0 L Cologne SOHC 2000–03 3-door: 180.4 in V-6.[6] (4562 mm) A new 5-speed automatic transmission, the Width 70.2 in (1778 mm) 5R55E, replaces the 4R55E for V-6 powered Height 67.0–68.3 in (1702–1735 mm) Explorers. It's the first 5-speed automatic transmission in any North American automobile.[7] Four wheel drive V-6 powered Explorers receive a new electronic transfer case. The transfer case selection knob on the dash no longer has a "2WD" option, being replaced with "Auto". The Ford Explorer's twin, the Mountaineer debuts. In early 1997, the 5.0 L V-8 received new cylinder heads (GT-40P series), which upped power to 215 hp (160 kW).

1998

Lift-gate redesigned. Rear bumper redesigned. Tail lights redesigned. Seats are redesigned. Dashboard's back-lighting is changed from blue to green. Eddie Bauer and Limited models get a new steering wheel with integrated audio controls. The neon center high-mount stop lamp is replaced with a more conventional LED lamp. Rear privacy glass color is changed from bronze to black. New 16" aluminum alloy wheels are now optional on XLT models and standard on Eddie Bauer models. All models get a standard security system. Explorers are upgraded to second generation airbags.

1999

Fog lights redesigned. Side airbags made available as an option. Reverse-Sensing System made available as an option Front bumper redesigned. Quarter panels are slightly redesigned. An XLS appearance package is offered on the base XL models. Limited models get new 5-spoke 16" alloy wheels. Limited models no longer have their own unique grille. A new interior color, Dark Graphite, is added to the option list.

2000

XLS replaces XL as the base model. Flex-fuel version introduced

2001

The Cologne OHV V-6 is discontinued, making the Cologne SOHC V6 the standard engine. Last model year for 5 door Second Generation Explorers. Sport model receives a new tailgate, new front end, as well as other cosmetic changes.[8]

2002

Sport model continues as a second generation model. Gauges now have a white face and new wheels.

2003

Final year for the 2-door sport model.

Engine specifications

Ford Cologne 4.0 L OHV V-6 Model years 1995–2001 Power (SAE net) 160 hp (119 kW) Torque (SAE net) 220 ft·lbf (300 N·m)

Ford Cologne 4.0 L SOHC V-6 Model years 1997–2003 Power (SAE net) 205 hp (153 kW) Torque (SAE net) 245 ft·lbf (332 N·m) Ford Windsor 5.0 L OHV V-8 Model years 1996–2001 Power (SAE net) 210 hp (157 kW) Torque (SAE net) 280 ft·lbf (380 N·m)

Third generation (2002–2005)

The 5-door Explorer and its companion the , in January 2001 were redesigned entirely Third generation (U152) for the 2002 model year, losing all design similarity with the Ford Ranger while also gaining a similar appearance to its big brother, the Ford Expedition. The new design is frequently mistaken for the later second generation Expedition, having rounded wheel sockets and larger back lights along with a more rounded appearance overall. The previous generation's 4.0 L SOHC 12 valve V-6 engine carried over, however the Windsor V8 was replaced by the 4.6 L 2V SOHC 16 valve V-8. Though in the Sport Trac variant, the 4.0 L SOHC 12 valve V-6 Overview was rated at just 205 hp (153 kW), 242 ft·lbf (328 N·m) November 2000–2005 (up to 2006 of torque.[10] Production in the Philippines)[9] A third row seat became available for the first time, Assembly Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. bringing total passenger capacity to seven. The Mazda 5- (Louisville Assembly Plant) speed manual and the 5-speed Ford C3-derived automatic transmissions were available, but the 2002 St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. (St. Louis model year was the last year the larger 5-door variant Assembly) could be ordered with a manual transmission. Trim Valencia, Venezuela (Valencia packages were now the base Sport Value, Sport Assembly) Choice, XLS, Sport Premium, XLT, Eddie Bauer, and Body and chassis Limited, in order of luxury trim-offerings. The 2002-2004 models also saw stability control as an option, Ford's Body style 5-door SUV AdvanceTrac with Roll Stability Control system. The Layout Front engine, rear-wheel drive / stability control system became standard for the 2005 four-wheel drive / all-wheel drive model year. Related Ford Explorer Sport For the third generation, Ford installed fully independent Ford Explorer Sport Trac rear suspension in the 5-door Ford Explorer and Mercury Mountaineer - but not in the 3-door Sport model. This Mercury Mountaineer replaced the non-independent "live axle" rear suspension Powertrain used in previous model year Explorers. With a fully independent rear suspension, each rear wheel connects to Engine 4.0 L Cologne V6 the rear differential via a half-shaft drive axle. This design 4.6 L 16-valve Modular V8 offers increased ride comfort, on-road handling, and Transmission 5-speed M5OD-R1HD manual vehicle stability. Other vehicles have used this setup on 5-speed 5R55W automatic both rear and four-wheel drive vehicles for many years. 5-speed 5R55S automatic For example, the and the Mercedes-Benz ML-Class use independent front and rear suspension. Dimensions One reason for Ford's switch to independent rear Wheelbase 2002–03: 113.7 in (2888 mm) suspension in the Explorer was due to the well-publicized 2004–05: 113.8 in (2890 mm) vehicle rollovers and resulting fatalities that occurred with Length 189.5 in (4800 mm) the previous generations of Ford Explorer. All of the Explorers involved in the rollovers had non-independent Width 72.1 in (1828 mm) rear suspension and most of the vehicles had Firestone Height 71.4 in (1803 mm) tires which Ford judged to be defective (see below).[11]

The suspension change drew some displeasure amongst fans of live-axle rear suspensions. One reason is that live axles offer the most efficient power delivery. Another complaint was of lower load handling capabilities. Also, the move to independent systems was not company wide. For example, the larger Ford F-Series still uses a non-independent rear suspension, due mostly to its power and load handling capabilities, most useful when towing large loads. Furthermore, it appears there is no evidence that the rollovers were caused by the use of a live axle setup. The larger Ford Expedition used non-independent rear suspension (2003 and up Ford Expeditions use independent rear suspension) and didn't have the same magnitude of rollover complaints as the previous model year Explorers . Many, including Firestone felt the tire failures were due to under-inflation of tires, likely due to Ford's specified pressure being too near to the low pressure fail point of the tire. However, the Firestone tires were in Fords view defective and to this day the Ford Motor Company refuses to use Firestone tires on Explorers or any vehicle it sells.

The Explorer, Sport Trac, and Mountaineer all use the code U6 for rear-wheel drive, U7 for four-wheel drive, and U8 for all-wheel drive in the 5th and 6th positions of the VIN.

The 3-Door Explorer Sport was redesigned in 2001 to a similar body style as that of the 5-door 2002 Explorer. Due to the decline in popularity of 3-door smaller SUVs, the Explorer Sport was discontinued after 2003. The Sport-marque was reintroduced as a performance variant of the 5-door fifth generation Explorer, which is actually now a full-size crossover utility vehicle. The U152 development program began in 1996, with the final design being chosen in 1997 and frozen for production in February 1998.[12] Production began in November 2000 for a January 2001 launch.

On the automotive consumer review website CarComplaints.com, the 2002 Ford Explorer is ranked as the "Worst Vehicle on Record", largely due to widespread transmission failure at under 100,000 miles of drive time. It is trailed by the 2004 model at #3, the 2003 at #6 and the 2005 at #18. [13][14]

Fourth generation (2006–2010)

The Ford Explorer and the Mercury Mountaineer were both updated for the 2006 model year on a new frame, Fourth generation (U251) produced by Magna International rather than Tower Automotive. It was upsized slightly because a then-brand new crossover utility vehicle was added to Ford's SUV/CUV lineup, the , in between the Explorer SUV and the compact Ford Escape CUV. Along with this new, stronger chassis, Ford updated the interior, redesigned the rear suspension and added power-folding third-row seats. Also, a tire pressure monitoring system and electronic stability control became standard equipment. Power running boards, like the ones from the , were also made available on Overview the Explorer and Mountaineer; the running boards lower to allow easier access when entering the vehicle, then Production 2005–December 2, 2010 retract upon door closure. Unlike previous generations, Assembly Louisville, Kentucky, U.S. there was no right hand drive option available for order, (Louisville Assembly Plant) causing Ford to market Explorers in Japan in left hand St. Louis, Missouri, U.S. (St. Louis drive configuration. The LHD Explorers were desirable Assembly) there because LHD vehicles are considered prestigious in Valencia, Venezuela (Valencia Japan. Assembly) Moreover, Ford switched to a one-piece rear door due Body and chassis to reports of cracks appearing on the plastic panel below Body style 5-door SUV the rear window. Third generation Ford Explorers, Mercury Mountaineers and Lincoln Aviators often acquire Layout Front engine, rear-wheel drive / a single crack visible vertically on the plastic panel four-wheel drive between the window and the rest of the lift gate, close to Related Ford Explorer Sport Trac the center respective badge. Mercury Mountaineer The 210 hp (157 kW) 4.0L 12-valve SOHC V-6 was Powertrain once again the standard engine. A more powerful 292 hp Engine 4.0 L Cologne SOHC V-6 (218 kW) 4.6L 24-valve SOHC V-8, similar to the Fifth- 4.6 L Modular 24-valve V-8 generation Ford Mustang's engine, was available as an option. The 6-speed 6R automatic transmission, built by Transmission 5-speed 5R55S automatic Ford and based on a ZF design, was made standard 6-speed 6R automatic equipment with the V-8 engine as well. The five-speed Dimensions 5R55W automatic transmission was advanced. It was the Wheelbase 113.7 in (2890 mm) only transmission available for the V-6 engine, because the Mazda five-speed manual transmission was dropped Length 193.4 in (4902 mm) in the previous generation. Width 73.7 in (1854 mm) The 2006 Ford Explorer was nominated for the North Height 2006–07: 71.2 in (1803 mm) American Truck of the Year award for 2006. 2008: 72.8 in (1,849 mm) 2009–10: 71.9 in (1,826 mm) For 2008, Ford added side curtain airbags across the Explorer range. Also, the optional satellite navigation system was also upgraded with voice control.[15]

For 2009, the Explorer received a trailer sway control system as standard equipment, and the navigation system received traffic flow monitoring with updated gas prices from nearby stations.[16]

For the 2010 model year, Ford's MyKey became standard on all Explorer trims.

Ford Explorer Sport Trac

The second generation Sport Trac came out in early 2006 for the 2007 model year. Unlike its predecessor sold through 2005, it featured the V-8 engine as an option and was based on this generation Explorer's platform. AdvanceTrac with Roll Stability Control was made standard on the Sport Trac.

Sport Trac Adrenalin

For the 2007 model year, the Ford built the Sport Trac Adrenalin concept with a supercharged version of the 4.6 L Modular V-8, with 390 hp (291 kW), and featuring 21-inch (530 mm) wheels. Ford SVT said then it was the successor to the F-150 Lightning sports pickup truck. However, the Adrenalin was cancelled in a cost-cutting move as part of .[17]

Explorer America concept Ford unveiled an Explorer America concept vehicle at the 2008 North American International Auto Show.[18][19][20] The Explorer America concept is built on a unibody platform to reduce weight and improve driveability, migrating from the body-on-frame platform of the fourth generation Explorer. It is designed for up to six passengers while improving fuel economy by 20 to 30 percent relative to the current V6 Explorer. The powertrain packages in the concept vehicle include a two-liter four-cylinder turbocharged direct injection EcoBoost gas engine with 275 hp (205 kW) and 280 ft·lbf Ford Explorer America concept (380 N·m) of torque, and a 3.5L V6 version EcoBoost with 340 hp (254 kW) and up to 340 ft·lbf (460 N·m) of torque.[21]

Fifth generation (2011–)

Fifth generation (U502)

Overview December 3, 2010–present U.S. ( Assembly) () , Russia[22]

Body and chassis Crossover/CUV front-wheel drive / all-wheel drive

Powertrain turbocharged I-4 (front-wheel drive only) Ti-VCT V-6 twin-turbocharged V-6 (Sport model, all-wheel drive only) Ti-VCT V-6 (Police Interceptor Utility, all-wheel drive only)[1] (http://www.motortrend.com/features/auto_news/2012/1205_ford_police_interceptor_utility_is_california_highway_patrols_next_cruiser/) automatic w/ overdrive (EcoBoost I-4 model) 6-speed 6F SelectShift® automatic (3.5L) 6-speed 6F SelectShift® automatic with paddle shifters (Sport model)[23] Dimensions 112.6 in (2,860 mm)[24]

197.1 in (5,010 mm)

The fifth generation 2011 Explorer takes cues from the Explorer America concept's construction, and includes a unibody structure based on the D4 platform, a modified version of the D3 platform.[25][26] The new Explorer features blacked-out A, B, and D-pillars to produce a floating roof effect similar to ’s floating roof design used on its sport utility vehicles. Ford already uses this floating roof design on the Ford Flex. The Explorer's C-pillar remains body colored. It also gets sculpted body work with stepped style similar to the Flex, Edge, Escape, Expedition and F-150. In addition, the Explorer receives new stepped style tail lamps. The grille will receive the corporate three-bar design with upper and lower perforated mesh work, similar to that of the sixth-generation Taurus.

The Explorer's chief design engineer is Jim Holland, who was also a chief design engineer for Land Rover. Holland is responsible for the design of the previous generation Land Rover (L322). Holland also worked on the outgoing Ford Expedition (U324) during its initial development.[27]

The fifth generation 2011 Explorer, developed under the program code name,[28] made its debut online on July 26, 2010. Ford had set up a Ford Explorer Facebook page ahead of its debut.[29] Assembly of the fifth- generation Explorer moved to Ford's plant, where it is built alongside the Ford Taurus and Lincoln MKS. The Louisville plant, where the previous generation was built, was converted to produce cars based on Ford's global C platform (potentially including the , Ford C-Max, and ).[30] Like the Escape, the Explorer will continue to be marketed as an "SUV" rather than a "crossover SUV". It went on sale in early 2011; pre-launch sales had by the end of November 2010 totaled around 15,000.[31] The EPA rated fuel economy of 20/28 mpg city/highway for the four-cylinder EcoBoost engine option.

Features

Available features include intelligent access with push button start, remote engine start, power liftgate, power adjustable pedals with memory, premium leather trimmed seating, heated and cooled front seats, dual headrest DVD entertainment system, , active park assist, SIRIUS Travel Link, MyFord Touch, by Microsoft, audio system with HD radio and Apple iTunes tagging, in-dash advanced navigation system, SoundScreen laminated acoustic and solar tinted with rain-sensing wipers, 20-inch polished V-spoke aluminium wheels, high intensity discharge (HID) headlamps and LED tail lamps.

Capability

The Explorer is available in either front-wheel drive or full-time all-wheel drive. At first only one engine was available: the 290 hp (216 kW) (255 lb·ft (346 N·m) of torque) 3.5 liter TiVCT (Twin independent Variable Camshaft Timing) V-6 attached to either the 6-speed 6F automatic or 6-speed 6F SelectShift automatic.

Soon thereafter, Ford offered the economical 240 hp (179 kW) (270 lb·ft (370 N·m) of torque) 2 liter EcoBoost turbocharged, direct-injected I-4 mated to the 6-speed 6F automatic. The I-4 engine is not be available with the optional 6-speed 6F SelectShift automatic, and will only be available in front-wheel drive.[32][33] The Explorer is available with an automatic intelligent all-wheel drive system inspired by Land Rover, featuring a variable center multi-disc differential with computer controlled lock.[34] Conventional front and rear differentials are used with 3.39:1 gearing. The center multi-disc differential controls the front-to-rear torque split, biasing as much as 100 percent of torque to either the front or rear wheels.[35] Depending on the Terrain Management mode selected, the center multi-disc differential's intelligent lock will allow for a 50:50 torque split in off road conditions.[35] The power take off (PTO) unit includes a heavy-duty dedicated cooling system to allow the four- wheel drive system to supply continuous non-stop torque delivery to all four wheels indefinitely, without overheating.[36] A "4WD" badge is advertised on the rear liftgate on the all-wheel drive models.[37][38] Explorer’s overall off road crawl ratio is 15.19:1 with high range - no low range - gearing only.

Off road electronics include Hill Descent Control (HDC), Hill Ascent Assist (HAA), four-wheel electronic traction control and Terrain Management.

Four-wheel electronic traction control (ABS braking) is employed to simulate front and rear differential locks via aggressively "brake locking" the front or rear differentials, transferring up to 100 percent of torque from side-to- side.[34][36][39] In the right conditions, the Explorer can keep moving even if only one wheel has traction, regardless of which wheel it is.

Terrain Management will include four selectable modes. Each mode can be selected via a rotary control dial on the center console, aft of the transmission shifter.

Terrain Management System[40] Default start selection: Normal Driving mode Subsequent modes are selected by turning the control dial clockwise. Second selection: Mud & Ruts mode Third selection: Sand mode Fourth selection: Grass/Gravel/Snow mode

Depending on the mode selected, Terrain Management will control, adjust, and fine tune the engine, transmission, center multi-disc differential lock, throttle response, four-wheel electronic traction control and electronic stability control (ESC) to adapt the SUV for optimal performance on the corresponding terrain.

Off road geometry figures for approach, departure and ramp brakeover angles are 21°, 21° and 16° respectively.[24] Minimum running ground clearance is 7.6 inches (193 mm).[24] Standard running ground clearance is 8.2 inches (208 mm).[41] Low hanging running boards are no longer offered from the factory to help increase side obstacle clearance.

Unlike the Explorer America concept vehicle which only seats five occupants, the production Explorer will have two rows of seating with available PowerFold fold flat third row seating (like the previous generation) and will be able to accommodate up to seven occupants.[42]

Moving to a monocoque body usually has a negative impact on towing capacity. The new Explorer will be available with an optional trailer tow package. The package includes a Class III trailer hitch, engine oil cooler, trailer electrics connector, trailer sway control (TSC), wiring harness and a rear-view camera with trailer alignment assistance to help in backing up to a trailer. If equipped with the trailer tow package the new 2011 Explorer will be able to tow up to 5,000 lb (2,300 kg) of braked trailer. That’s 1,500 lb (680 kg) greater than the towing capacity stated for the Explorer America concept and 2,115 lb (959 kg) less than the outgoing Explorer’s towing capacity, although that was only available with the 4.6 L .[43][44]

Safety and security

Safety features include: Dual front adaptive SRS air bags, dual front seat side impact air bags, dual rear safety belt air bags (available first quarter, 2011) and side curtain head, torso and rollover protection air bags. Other safety features include BLIS blind spot information system with cross traffic alert, collision warning with brake support precrash system, Roll Stability Control (RSC), Electronic stability control (ESC) and Curve Control.

The fifth-generation Explorer will be the first-ever vehicle to be equipped with inflatable dual rear safety belt air bags. Air bags are sewn into the inside of the seat belts, and inflate with cold air to prevent burns. Ford claims it will be released as an option and to introduce inflatable seat belts on other Ford models eventually.[45]

NHTSA

NHTSA Ford Explorer:[46] Overall (2013-present)

Overall (2012) Frontal Driver Frontal Passenger (2013-present)

Frontal Passenger (2012) Side Driver Side Passenger Side Pole Driver Rollover FWD / 16.9%

Rollover AWD / 17.4%

Ford Explorer IIHS scores[47] Moderate overlap frontal offset Good

Small overlap frontal offset Marginal*(2013–present models) Side impact Good Roof strength Good

*vehicle structure rated "Poor"

Awards

The current generation Ford Explorer earned the 2011 North American Truck of the Year award. The rear inflatable seat belts won the 2011 Best New Technology Award from the Automobile Journalists Association of Canada.[48] 2013 Ford Explorer Sport

The Ford Explorer Sport was announced March 28, 2012 as an option for the 2013 model year and went on sale in June 2012. The "Sport" trim level comprises blackened exterior treatments, stiffened chassis and suspension, larger brakes and the installation of the EcoBoost 3.5L Twin Turbo V6 rated at 365 hp, and is the only version to feature a combined 4WD/EcoBoost option (a FWD version is not being offered for the Sport trim), allowing its MPG to average between 16/city and 22/highway.[49] This version will be slotted above the Limited trim and is expected to compete in this 2013 Ford Explorer Sport segment against 's SRT Sport and Durango's R/T trims[50] and a newly updated 2013 , the latter of which unveiled their new look on the same day as the Explorer Sport as their response to Ford's news.[51]

Explorer Sport variation

The Ford Explorer Sport was a 3-door version of the Ford Explorer, designed to take the place of the Bronco II in Ford's model line, and was produced from 1991 to 2003. The Sport began as a trim level of the Ford Explorer, but it eventually became its own model. It rode on a 10" shorter wheelbase. There was only one Sport, but there were several other trim levels of the Explorer that were available with 2-doors (edmunds trim levels) (http://www.edmunds.com/used/1991/ford/explorer/index.html), such as the XL (1991–1997), the Eddie Bauer (1991–1994), and the Expedition (1995). In 1998 the Explorer Sport became the only 3-door trim level of the Explorer, and in 2001 it became its own model, as the second generation Explorer moved on to a 5- door-only 3rd generation. As mentioned above, the Explorer Sport returned as an upgraded 4-door trim for the 2013 model year.

1st-gen Explorer 2-door 1998–2000 Explorer 2001–2003 Explorer Sport Sport

Mazda Navajo

The Mazda Navajo is a rebadged version of the Ford Explorer and was the company's first sport-utility vehicle in the United States (it was not sold by Mazda Canada). It was sold between the 1991 and 1994 model years. At its launch, the Navajo was sold in a single configuration: a three-door body with four-wheel drive. As with the Explorer, it was assembled at the Louisville Assembly Plant. The Navajo was Motor Trend magazine's Truck of the Year for 1991. The Navajo was created and sold only in North America; it was not offered in Japan. The Navajo and Explorer Sport largely differed in exterior trim, with unique taillights, grille, front bumper, and wheels. Inside, the two were nearly impossible to distinguish from one another, except for minor changes to seat fabrics, the typeface on the instrument cluster, and the Navajo was given a different design for its steering wheel hub. Similar to the 3-door Explorer, the Navajo came in two trim levels: base (renamed DX for 1992) and LX. In contrast to the Explorer, the base version of the Navajo offered power windows, power locks and power mirrors as standard. The LX added features such as extra interior illumination and a leather-wrapped steering wheel. An optional premium package loaded up the Navajo with luxuries including air conditioning, a stereo system with cassette deck, cruise control, sport seats with power lumbar adjustment and a pop- up/removable moonroof.

For 1992, the Navajo became available with rear-wheel drive, geared towards buyers who liked the sporty image of an SUV, but did not need four-wheel drive. Aside from the nomenclature change of the base model to DX (to fit Mazda's naming scheme), the Navajo changed so little that the company reused much of the photography 1994 Mazda Navajo LX from its 1991 promotional materials for another year. For 1993, the Navajo received mechanical upgrades alongside the Explorer, such as increased power for the and four-wheel anti-lock brakes. Unlike the Explorer, however, the only other change was an optional CD player. For 1994, the LX model was given 5-spoke alloy wheels.

In comparison to the Explorer, sales of the Navajo were relatively poor and it was discontinued after the 1994 model year. While a five-door unibody design, the (based on the Ford Escape) is the next SUV sold by the company in North America; it was produced from 2000 to 2011.

Ford Explorer Special Service Vehicle/Ford Police Interceptor Utility fleet vehicles

To compete with other police SUVs that are sold by other automobile companies, Ford has made a special version of the Explorer that's only available to law enforcement agencies, fire departments, and EMS agencies. Ford calls it the Explorer Special Service Vehicle (SSV). The only differences between the standard Explorer and the Special Service Vehicle Explorer are provisions for emergency services related equipment such as radios, lightbars and sirens. There are also options designated fleet only such as custom 2 tone paint arrangements that are available to the Explorer Special Service A CHP Ford Police Interceptor Utility Vehicle. Vehicle. The current generation Ford Explorer is the base for the newly developed Police Interceptor Utility, which the California Highway Patrol now uses because the current Ford Taurus, Chevrolet Caprice and Dodge Charger patrol cars did not meet the payload the CHP requires.[2] (http://www.motortrend.com/features/auto_news/2012/1205_ford_police_interceptor_utility_is_california_high way_patrols_next_cruiser/) The PI Utility uses the larger displacement 3.7 liter Ford Cyclone V-6 used in the Ford Mustang and Ford F-150 instead of the 3.5 liter engine. The PI Utility is available only in all-wheel drive and takes advantage of larger disc brakes, more advanced ABS and traction control systems, a more efficient cooling system and other standard police equipment. The PI Utility comes with a column-mounted shifter as well, as the previous generation Explorers had, to allow more space available for equipment. In May 2014, statisticians R.L. Polk declared the PI Utility the most popular police vehicle, based on 2013 U.S. sales figures.[52] For 2014, the 365 hp EcoBoost V6 engine will be available for the Police Interceptor Utility. [3] (http://corporate.ford.com/news-center/press-releases-detail/hot-selling-ford-police-interceptor-utility-vehicle- now-offers-3)

Export sales

UK models

In the UK, the Ford Explorer was initially available as just one model, with the 4.0-litre engine and with a high specification – the only dealer options being leather interior. Second and third-generation Explorers for the UK and other RHD markets utilised a center console-mounted shifter and hand parking brake instead of the steering column-mounted shifter and parking brake pedal used in the North American models. In 1998, a facelifted Explorer was available with minor cosmetic interior changes and a revised rear tail lift which centered the rear number plate. In 1999 the model range was revamped slightly, the base model becoming the XLT and a special edition North Face version marketed with a tie in to North Face outdoor clothing. The North Face version was available in a dark green or a silver, with body-colored bumpers, heated leather seats and a CD multichanger as standard. In 2000, the North Face was also available in black. With the introduction of the all-new platform in 2002, Ford withdrew the Explorer from the UK market.

Middle East

In the Middle East, the 2012 Ford Explorer is currently available in several trims, all of which have a 3.5-liter V6 engine and an automatic gearbox. Some GCC markets offer the front-wheel-drive version as a base model, while most of the trims have standard all-wheel-drive.[53]

Current exports

As of 2009, American-made Explorer is exported to Bolivia, Canada, Mexico, Dominican Republic, China, Japan, South Korea, Israel, The Philippines, Russia, Iceland, the Middle East, and certain countries in South America and Africa.

As of 2014, The Explorer is available in ukraine.

Criticism and Controversies

Rollover and Firestone Tire controversy

Rollover risk is inherently higher than cars in many truck-based vehicles, as modification for bulky 4-wheel-drive hardware requires increases in height to avoid compromising ground clearance (raising the center of gravity), while a short wheelbase further reduces stability. The previous Bronco II had already been cited by for rollover tendencies in turns; as with the Explorer, however, it was cleared by the NHTSA as being no more dangerous than any other truck when driven unsafely. With a longer passenger compartment, the Explorer added 600 pounds, but Ford did not deem it necessary to revise the suspension or tires to carry the bigger load. It used the same tires as the Ford Ranger with a relatively low rating for high temperatures. Lowering tire pressure recommendations softened the ride further and improved emergency stability through increased traction, but increased the chances of overheating tires. A 1995 redesign with a new suspension slightly raised the Explorer's center of gravity, but it was called inconsequential by a Ford spokesman. Memos by Ford engineers suggested lowering the engine height, but it would have increased the cost of the new design. In May 2000, the US National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) contacted Ford and Firestone about a higher than normal incidence of tire failures on Ford Explorers, Mercury Mountaineers, and Mazda Navajos fitted with Firestone tires (later including Ford Ranger and Mazda B-Series pickup trucks). The failures all involved tread separation, in which the outer tread carcass would delaminate and cause a rapid loss of tire pressure. Ford investigated and found that several models of 15 in (381 mm) Firestone tires (ATX, ATX II, and Wilderness AT) had higher failure rates, especially those made at Firestone's Decatur, Illinois plant.

Ford recommended a tire inflation of only 26 pounds per square inch (179 kPa) likely contributing to the tread separation problem by causing the tires to operate at higher than normal temperatures. However, Ford argued that Firestone was at fault, noting that its SUVs and pickups equipped with Goodyear tires experienced no rollover issues, even when inflated at low air pressure. Nevertheless, Ford subsequently recommended that front and rear tires should be inflated to 30 pounds per square inch (207 kPa) on all Explorer models and mailed a replacement tire pressure door sticker indicating the same to all registered owners.

Part of the rollover issue was poor driver reaction to the tire blowout.[54] When a tire blew, the vehicle would experience a sudden sharp jerk, and many drivers reacted by counter-steering in an attempt to regain control. This action would cause a shift of the vehicle's weight, resulting in a rollover especially at higher speeds (many reports of rollovers were of vehicles being driven at speeds of 70 mph (110 km/h) and above). In a test simulating dozens of tire blowouts, Larry Webster, a test-driver for Car & Driver magazine, was repeatedly able to bring a 1994 Explorer to a stop without a single rollover, even at speeds of 70 mph (110 km/h).[54][55] According to Forbes magazine, car experts and NHTSA claim that the vast majority of crash accidents and deaths are caused not by the vehicle, but by the driver, by road conditions or some combination of the two.[56]

In response to Firestone's allegations of the Explorer's design defects, NHTSA undertook a preliminary investigation and reported that further action was not required. Its conclusion was that the Explorer was no more prone to rollover than other SUVs given their high center of gravity.[57] The subsequent introduction and proliferation of electronic stability control systems have essentially addressed and mitigated this shortcoming.

U-Haul trailers

On December 22, 2003, U-Haul, the largest American equipment rental company, announced it would prohibit its outlets from renting trailers to persons planning to tow behind Ford Explorers due to liability concerns, with no published data to substantiate the claim.[58] Unofficial reports from employees indicated that it was due to the rear bumper separating from the vehicle, including the tow hook assembly. U-Haul did not alter its policies regarding the renting of trailers to persons planning to tow behind the Mercury Mountaineer, Mazda Navajo or earlier versions of the Lincoln Aviator, which are all mechanically identical to the Ford Explorer.[58] In mid- 2013, U-Haul began allowing Ford Explorers of model year 2011 and newer to tow their trailers. All other Ford Motor Company vehicles are allowed to tow U-Haul trailers.[59]

Sales Calendar Year Total US sales 1990 140,509[60] 1991 282,837 1992 292,069 1993 301,668 1994 278,065 1995 395,227 1996 402,663 1997 383,852[61] 1998 431,488 1999[62] 428,772 2000 445,157 2001[63] 415,921 2002[64] 433,847 2003 373,118 2004[65] 339,333 2005 239,788 2006[66] 179,229 2007 137,817 2008[67] 78,439 2009[68] 52,190 2010[69] 60,687 2011[70] 135,179 158,344 2012[71] 5,863 (Police Interceptor Utility) 178,311[72] 2013 14,086 (Police Interceptor Utility)

See also

Ford Explorer Sport Trac Mercury Mountaineer Lincoln Aviator XP6 Saleen XP8 References

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External links

Ford Explorer official website Wikimedia Commons has (http://www.fordvehicles.com/suvs/explorer/) media related to Ford Explorer. Ford Explorer America Concept SUV (http://autoshows.ford.com/194/2008/01/13/sustainability-display-ford/) at Ford Auto Shows Ford Explorer America Concept SUV (http://ford.digitalsnippets.com/environment/) On Ford and the Environment SMPR History of the 1st Ford Explorer (http://www.explorer4x4.com/1stexplorer.html) Serious Explorations (http://www.explorerforum.com/) – Ford Explorer Enthusiast Website Vehicle Specs for the Ford Explorer models and variants (http://www.where-can-i-buy-a-car- online.com/car-model-list?make=ford&model=Explorer&year=) from Where Can I Buy A Car Online Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Ford_Explorer&oldid=626792593"

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