DOCSLIB.ORG

The Public Domain Manifesto

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Public Domain Manifesto The Public Domain Manifesto http://publicdomainmanifesto.org/node/8 The Public Domain Manifesto was produced within the context of COMMUNIA, the European thematic network on the digital public domain HOME ABOUT THE MANIFESTO SIGN THE MANIFESTO TRANSLATIONS View Signatures Initial Signers - Organizations The Public Domain Manifesto Association for Fair Audiovisual Copyright in Europe - AFACE - printable and editable version Italy Center for the Study of the Public Contents Domain - USA Preamble Center for Technology and Society The Public Domain in the 21st Century at Fundacao Getulio Vargas - Brazil The Public Domain Voluntary commons and user prerogatives General Principles Creative Commons - USA General Recommendations Preamble Digitale Allmend - Switzerland "Le livre, comme livre, appartient à l’auteur, mais comme pensée, il Knowledge Ecology International - appartient—le mot n’est pas trop USA vaste—au genre humain. Toutes les intelligences y ont droit. Si l’un des deux droits, le droit de l’écrivain et le Knowledgeland - Netherlands droit de l’esprit humain, devait être sacrifié, ce serait, certes, le droit de l’écrivain, car l’intérêt public est notre iCommons Ltd - UK préoccupation unique, et tous, je le déclare, doivent passer avant nous." (Victor Hugo, Discours d’ouverture du Intellectual Property Institute - Congrès littéraire international de 1878, Slovenia 1878) Interdisciplinary Center for "Our markets, our democracy, our Computational and Mathematical science, our traditions of free speech, Modelling, University of Warsaw - Poland and our art all depend more heavily on a Public Domain of freely available Luxcommons asbl - Luxembourg material than they do on the informational material that is covered by property rights. The Public Domain is Multimedia Institute - Croatia not some gummy residue left behind when all the good stuff has been NEXA Center for Internet & Society covered by property law. The Public at Politecnico di Torino - Italy Domain is the place we quarry the building blocks of our culture. It is, in Open Knowledge Foundation - UK fact, the majority of our culture." (James Boyle, The Public Domain, p.40f, 2008) 1 sur 61 4/03/2010 10:39 The Public Domain Manifesto http://publicdomainmanifesto.org/node/8 The public domain, as we understand it, is the wealth of information that is free from the barriers Waag Society - Netherlands to access or reuse usually associated with copyright protection, either because it is free from any copyright protection or because the right holders Initial Signers - Individuals have decided to remove these barriers. It is the Philippe Aigrain Sopinspace basis of our self‐understanding as expressed by our Roland Alton-Scheidl Osalliance shared knowledge and culture. It is the raw Bodó Balázs Budapest University of Technology material from which new knowledge is derived and Bożena Bednarek-Michalska Nicolaus Copernicus new cultural works are created. The Public Domain University acts as a protective mechanism that ensures that Lorenzo Benussi Università di Torino this raw material is available at its cost of Evangelia Berdou University of Sussex reproduction ‐ close to zero ‐ and that all members Maja Bogataj Jancic Intellectual Property Institute of society can build upon it. Having a healthy and Daniel Boos Digitale Allmend thriving Public Domain is essential to the social and Danièle Bourcier CNRS - CERSA economic well‐being of our societies. The Public James Boyle Duke University Domain plays a capital role in the fields of education, science, cultural heritage and public Ayhan Bozkurt Ozyegin University sector information. A healthy and thriving Public Maarten Brinkerink Domain is one of the prerequisites for ensuring that Gülçin Cribb Ozyegin University the principles of Article 27 (1) of the Universal Vincenzo D'Andrea Università di Trento Declaration of Human Rights ('Everyone has the Juan Carlos De Martin Politecnico di Torino right freely to participate in the cultural life of the Melanie Dulong de Rosnay Politecnico di Torino community, to enjoy the arts and to share in Séverine Dusollier University of Namur scientific advancement and its benefits.') can be Özlem Efe Ozyegin University enjoyed by everyone around the world. Urs Gasser Harvard University Jonathan Gray Open Knowledge Foundation The digital networked information society has Andres Guadamuz University of Edinburgh brought the issue of the Public Domain to the Lucie Guibault University of Amsterdam foreground of copyright discussions. In order to Justyna Hofmokl ICM UW preserve and strengthen the Public Domain we Bernt Hugenholtz University of Amsterdam need a robust and up‐to‐date understanding of the Jennifer Jenkins Duke University nature and role of this essential resource. This Paul Keller Knowledgeland Public Domain Manifesto defines the Public Kari-Hans Kommonen Aalto University Domain and outlines the necessary principles and Ignasi Labastida University of Barcelona guidelines for a healthy Public Domain at the Ronaldo Lemos CTS-FGV beginning of the 21st century. The Public Domain is Lawrence Lessig Harvard University considered here in its relation to copyright law, to Wolf Ludwig Digitale Allmend the exclusion of other intellectual property rights Colin MacLay Harvard University (like patents and trademarks), and where copyright Sanna Marttila UIAH law is to be understood in its broadest sense to Tomislav Medak Multimedia Institute include economic and moral rights under copyright Angelo Raffaele Meo Politecnico di Torino and related rights (inclusive of neighboring rights Federico Morando Politecnico di Torino and database rights). In the remainder of this Marcello Mustilli AFACE document copyright is therefore used as a catch‐all Pedro Oliveira Universidade Católica Portuguesa term for these rights. Moreover, the term 'works' Johan Oomen includes all subject‐matter protected by copyright Pedro Paranaguá CTS-FGV so defined, thus including databases, performances and recordings. Likewise, the term 'authors' Patrick Peiffer Luxcommons includes photographers, producers, broadcasters, Mario Pena Safecreative painters and performers. Carlos Affonso Pereira de Souza CTS-FGV Diane Peters Creative Commons The Public Domain in the 21st Century Rufus Pollock University of Cambridge and the Open Knowledge Foundation Anjariitta Rantanen Ozyegin University The Public Domain as aspired to in this Manifesto is Manon Ress KEI defined as cultural material that can be used Marco Ricolfi Università di Torino without restriction, absent copyright protection. In addition to works that are formally in the public Stefano Rodotà NEXA Center for Internet & Society 2 sur 61 4/03/2010 10:39 The Public Domain Manifesto http://publicdomainmanifesto.org/node/8 domain, there are also lots of valuable works that Alessandro Rossi Università di Trento individuals have voluntarily shared under generous Klaas Schmidt EEAR terms creating a privately constructed commons Elizabeth Stark iCommons that functions in many ways like the public domain. Oguz Sunay Ozyegin University Moreover, individuals can also make use of many Wojtek Sylwestrzak ICM UW protected works through exceptions and limitations Alek Tarkowski ICM UW to copyright, fair use and fair dealing. All of these Maurizio Teli Università di Trento sources that allow for increased access to our Silvia Toccoli Università di Trento culture and heritage are important and all need to Prodromos Tsiavos London School of Economics be actively maintained in order for society to reap the full benefit of our shared knowledge and culture. see all signatures The Public Domain The structural Public Domain lies at the core of the notion of the Public Domain and is comprised of THEME DESIGN Copyright © 2009 under GPL by Tribute Media. our shared knowledge, culture and resources that Site Powered by Drupal. Webmaster: Luca Leschiutta. can be used without copyright restrictions by virtue of current law. Specifically, the structural Public Domain is made up of two different classes of material: 1. Works of authorship where the copyright protection has expired. Copyright is a temporary right granted to authors. Once this temporary protection has come to its end, all legal restrictions cease to exist, subject in some countries to the author's perpetual moral rights. 2. The essential commons of information that is not covered by copyright. Works that are not protected by copyright because they fail the test of originality, or are excluded from protection (such as data, facts, ideas, procedures, processes, systems, methods of operation, concepts, principles, or discoveries, regardless of the form in which they are described, explained, illustrated, or embodied in a work, as well as laws and judicial and administrative decisions). This essential commons is too important for the functioning of our societies to be burdened with legal restrictions of any nature even for a limited period. The structural Public Domain is an historically grown balance to the rights of authors protected by copyright and it is essential to the cultural memory and knowledge base of our societies. In the second half of the 20th century all two elements identified here have been strained by the extension of the term of copyright protection and the introduction of more copyright‐like regimes of legal protection. Voluntary commons and user prerogatives 3 sur 61 4/03/2010 10:39 The Public Domain Manifesto http://publicdomainmanifesto.org/node/8 In addition to this structural core of the Public Domain, there are other essential sources
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1 the European Court of Justice Case of Breyer Mr. Alan S. Reid Sheffield
    The European Court of Justice case of Breyer Mr. Alan S. Reid Sheffield Hallam University Abstract This case note analyses the impact and significance of the European Court of Justice decision in Breyer. The European Court of Justice has expanded the definition of personal data to include dynamic IP addresses. The judgment improves the privacy situation of internet users across the European Union. The facts of Breyer1 Patrick Breyer is a German politician and activist who belongs to the Pirate Party. The Pirate Party was originally set up in Sweden in 2006, as a single issue political party, committed to the modernisation of copyright law in Sweden, following the crackdown on The Pirate Bay peer-to-peer network. After limited success in Sweden, sister parties sprung up across Europe, in order to capitalise on the notoriety of The Pirate Bay. In order to broaden their appeal, the European Pirate Parties set out common themes of campaigning interest, in particular, on issues surrounding the internet, such as open access to information, freedom of expression and privacy. As a technophile and politician committed to internet freedoms, Patrick Breyer vociferously objected to various Federal German government websites retaining details of his dynamic Internet Protocol (IP) address after he had completed browsing. Internet Protocol (IP) addresses are the essential backbone of the internet. Internet protocols are the method by which interconnected computers and devices communicate, share and transfer data between themselves. An IP address consists of either four pairs of numbers (version 4)2 separated by three colons or eight pairs of numbers separated by six colons (version 6).3 The US organisation ICANN4, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbering, is tasked with overseeing the interconnectivity and compatibility required for the continued successful operation of the internet infrastructure.
    [Show full text]
  • Bilan D'activités Open Knowledge Foundation France
    Bilan d’activités Open Knowledge Foundation France Décembre 2012 - Août 2013 Vision stratégique Depuis sa création en décembre 2012, le groupe français de l’Open Knowledge Foundation a connu une croissance rapide que le réseau international a eu l’occasion de saluer. Dans l’effervescence du démarrage, l’association a exploré de nombreuses pistes et a participé à de nombreux projets sans avoir en tête une véritable cohérence dans son action. Toutefois, nous avons poursuivi deux objectifs principaux pendant les premiers mois : la constitution d’une communauté de membres actifs conformément à nos statuts et un effort pour la notoriété de l’association ainsi que son réseau international. Les administrateurs de l’association pensent que ces efforts ont porté leurs fruits au détriment de la cohérence de l’ensemble et parfois d’une gouvernance plus ouverte. Dans cet esprit, nous avons souhaité pendant l’été penser les projets prioritaires et la stratégie de développement de l’association avec les membres actifs qui souhaitaient participer. Nous avons ainsi décidé de nous concentrer prioritairement sur le développement de trois projets principaux : ● Le groupe de travail sur le domaine public avec le développement de calculateurs permettant d’identifier la présence d’une oeuvre dans le domaine public et un outil­méthodologie pour la réutilisation ouverte des cartes postales du domaine public (OpenPostcards) pouvant déboucher sur une série d’événements grand public ● Le développement d’un portail permettant de rendre public et d’agréger les demandes d’information publique à la manière par exemple du projet “What do they know” au Royaume Uni ● La formation du grand public à la réutilisation des données ouvertes avec la traduction en français des contenus de la School of Data (schoolofdata.org) et le développement de Tada (dans la suite du projet imaginé tada.gouv.fr, voir checkthis.com/tadagouvfr), une méthode et de contenus pour initier les enfants à la réutilisation des données ouvertes.
    [Show full text]
  • PL&B International
    ANALYSIS European Union court rules that IP addresses are personal data The Breyer case, another landmark ruling on key data protection notions, covers the definition of personal data in relation to dynamic IP addresses and the “legitimate interest” legal basis for data processing. By Monika Kuschewsky . he Court of Justice of the EU only temporarily assigned and change website was accessed, or that of another (CJEU) has yet again issued an each time there is a new connection person who might use that computer. important ruling, interpreting from a computer or device to the Inter - The CJEU then considered whether Tkey notions of the EU Data Protection net. Website operators (as opposed to dynamic IP addresses may be treated as Directive (the Directive) in its recent Internet service providers, ISPs) do not personal data relating to an “identifi - judgement of 19 October 2016 in the usually possess all the information to able natural person”, who can be iden - Case Patrick Breyer vs. Bundesrepub - identify the users behind the IP tified indirectly. In interpreting this lik Deutschland (C -582/14). In particu - address. provision, the CJEU made two lar, the CJEU answered two questions, Though initially dismissed by a important statements: namely: (1) whether dynamic IP lower court, the case was brought • first, “it is not necessary that that addresses constitute personal data for before Germany’s highest civil court information alone allows the data website operators and (2) concerning (the Bundesgerichtshof or BGH), subject to be identified;” and, the permissible scope of Member which referred two questions for a pre - • second, “it is not required that all States’ implementing legislation con - liminary ruling to the CJEU.
    [Show full text]
  • Revalidating Participation: Power and Pre - Figurative Politics Within Contemporary Leftwing Movements
    Bart Cammaerts Revalidating participation: power and pre - figurative politics within contemporary leftwing movements Book section Original citation: Cammaerts, Bart (2019) Revalidating participation: power and pre -figurative politics within contemporary leftwing movements. In: Carpentier, Nico, (ed.) Respublika!: Experiments in the performance of participation and democracy. NeMe, Limassol, Cyprus, pp. 126-137. ISBN 9789963969586 © 2019 The Author This version available at: http://eprints.lse.ac.uk/id/eprint/91502 Available in LSE Research Online: January 2019 LSE has developed LSE Research Online so that users may access research output of the School. Copyright © and Moral Rights for the papers on this site are retained by the individual authors a nd/or other copyright owners. Users may download and/or print one copy of any article(s) in LSE Research Online to facilitate their private study or for non-commercial research. You may not engage in further distribution of the material or use it for any profit-making activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute the URL ( http://eprints.lse.ac.uk ) of the LSE Research Online website. This document is the author’s submitted version of the book section. There may be differences between this ve rsion and the published version. You are advised to consult the publisher’s version if you wish to cite from it. Revalidating Participation: Power and Pre-Figurative Politics within Contemporary Leftwing Movements 1 Bart Cammaerts London School of Economics and Political Science Introduction ‘Practice what you preach’ is a popular idiom not only within progressive politics, but also beyond, and this idea is also encapsulated in the famous Mahatma Gandhi quote: ‘If you want to change the world, start with yourself’.
    [Show full text]
  • ESS9 Appendix A3 Political Parties Ed
    APPENDIX A3 POLITICAL PARTIES, ESS9 - 2018 ed. 3.0 Austria 2 Belgium 4 Bulgaria 7 Croatia 8 Cyprus 10 Czechia 12 Denmark 14 Estonia 15 Finland 17 France 19 Germany 20 Hungary 21 Iceland 23 Ireland 25 Italy 26 Latvia 28 Lithuania 31 Montenegro 34 Netherlands 36 Norway 38 Poland 40 Portugal 44 Serbia 47 Slovakia 52 Slovenia 53 Spain 54 Sweden 57 Switzerland 58 United Kingdom 61 Version Notes, ESS9 Appendix A3 POLITICAL PARTIES ESS9 edition 3.0 (published 10.12.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Denmark, Iceland. ESS9 edition 2.0 (published 15.06.20): Changes from previous edition: Additional countries: Croatia, Latvia, Lithuania, Montenegro, Portugal, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden. Austria 1. Political parties Language used in data file: German Year of last election: 2017 Official party names, English 1. Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs (SPÖ) - Social Democratic Party of Austria - 26.9 % names/translation, and size in last 2. Österreichische Volkspartei (ÖVP) - Austrian People's Party - 31.5 % election: 3. Freiheitliche Partei Österreichs (FPÖ) - Freedom Party of Austria - 26.0 % 4. Liste Peter Pilz (PILZ) - PILZ - 4.4 % 5. Die Grünen – Die Grüne Alternative (Grüne) - The Greens – The Green Alternative - 3.8 % 6. Kommunistische Partei Österreichs (KPÖ) - Communist Party of Austria - 0.8 % 7. NEOS – Das Neue Österreich und Liberales Forum (NEOS) - NEOS – The New Austria and Liberal Forum - 5.3 % 8. G!LT - Verein zur Förderung der Offenen Demokratie (GILT) - My Vote Counts! - 1.0 % Description of political parties listed 1. The Social Democratic Party (Sozialdemokratische Partei Österreichs, or SPÖ) is a social above democratic/center-left political party that was founded in 1888 as the Social Democratic Worker's Party (Sozialdemokratische Arbeiterpartei, or SDAP), when Victor Adler managed to unite the various opposing factions.
    [Show full text]
  • Luxembourg PATRICK DUMONT, RAPHAËL KIES & PHILIPPE
    1 Luxembourg PATRICK DUMONT, RAPHAËL KIES & PHILIPPE POIRIER Université du Luxembourg Table 1. Cabinet composition of Juncker-Asseblorn II (or Juncker IV) For the composition of Juncker-Asseblorn II (or Juncker IV) on 1 January 2012, see Dumont et al. (2010: 1078–1079). Changes during 2012: Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade/Ministre de l’Économie et du Commerce extérieur: Jeannot Krecké (1950 male, LSAP) resigned and replaced by Etienne Schneider (1971 male, LSAP) on 1st February 2012. Institutional changes A number of decisions voted on by the Chamber of Deputies in 2011 became effective in 2012: first, as part of a long-term plan of reduction in the number of municipalities, sixteen of them merged into six new entities as of 1 January (Dumont et al. 2010; 2012: 202-205).. Second, as decided by a vote in December 2011, a new ombudsman (“mediateure”) was appointed. On 1 February, Lydie Err, former Socialist MP (and junior minister in 1998–9) took over from Marc Fischbach, who had been a Christian-democratic MEP, government minister in the 1990s, and a judge at the European Court of Human Rights, before being chosen as Luxembourg’s first ombudsman by parliamentary vote in December 2003. Err’s mandate is to last until 2020. Also on 1 February the socialist Etienne Schneider took office, as scheduled by an internal Socialist Worker’s Party (LSAP) vote in November 2011 (Dumont et al. 2012: 201), replacing Jeannot Krecké as Minister of Economy and Foreign Trade. The latter had made his frustration about his role in the government known to the public as early as 2010, arguing that the Economy portfolio was a coordination ministry deprived of the instruments that would enable its holder to initiate and implement reforms.
    [Show full text]
  • 'We Want Artists to Be Fully and Fairly Paid for Their Work'
    Ananay Aguilar ‘We want Artists to be Fully and Fairly Paid for their Work’ Discourses on Fairness in the Neoliberal European Copyright Reform by Ananay Aguilar* Abstract: Elaborating on the President of the right reform—I shed light on the powerful discourses European Commission Jean-Claude Juncker’s agenda, on fairness that have dominated and shaped the re- EC Vice-President and Commissioner for the Digi- form process. Using discourse analysis, I found the tal Single Market Andrus Ansip wrote on his blog on concept of fairness to be mostly dependent on the 18th November 2015, “we want artists to be fully and stakeholders’ relative bargaining power and framed fairly paid for their work”—the phrase that serves as by hegemonic neo-liberal thought. Drawing on inter- the title to this article and that has reappeared in dif- views, fieldwork, media, and the documentation pro- ferent guises throughout the process of EU copy- duced by the European Union’s government through- right reform. By examining a case study on the Fair out the process, the case study also illustrates the Internet for Performers Campaign—a campaign ad- contested nature of copyright reform today. vanced in the context of the ongoing European copy- Keywords: Fairness; discourse analysis; copyright reform; EU; neo-liberalism © 2018 Ananay Aguilar Everybody may disseminate this article by electronic means and make it available for download under the terms and conditions of the Digital Peer Publishing Licence (DPPL). A copy of the license text may be obtained at http://nbn-resolving. de/urn:nbn:de:0009-dppl-v3-en8.
    [Show full text]
  • American Journal of International Law
    Forschungsstelle für Transnationales Zeitschriftenübersicht 03/2009-03/2010 Wirtschaftsrecht (TELC) Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg AMERICAN JOURNAL OF INTERNATIONAL LAW VOL. 103, April 2009 NO. 2 Representation and Power in International Organization: The Operational Constitution and Its Critics Jacob Katz Cogan Notes and Comments Consistently Inconsistent: The International Court of Justice and the Former Yugoslavia (Croatia v. Serbia) Yehuda Z. Blum Current Developments The International Law Commission Adopts Draft Articles on Transboundary Aquifers Stephen C. McCaffrey International Decisions Edited by David J. Bederman Application of the International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (Georgia v. Russian Federation) Cindy Galway Buys United States—Continued Suspension of Obligation in the EC–Hormones Dispute Sungjoon Cho Forschungsstelle für Transnationales Zeitschriftenübersicht 03/2009-03/2010 Wirtschaftsrecht (TELC) Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg Yassin Abdullah Kadi & Al Barakaat International Foundation v. Council & Commission Misˇa Zgonec-Rozˇej Hadijatou Mani Koraou v. Republic of Niger Jean Allain R (on the application of Bancoult) v. Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs Peter H. Sand Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law Edited by John R. Crook President Obama Orders Closure of Guanta´namo Detention Facilities; Obstacles Remain President Issues Executive Order Banning Torture and CIA Prisons Department of Justice Releases Superseded Memos on Presidential Authority Regarding Treaties, Detentions, and Other Matters D.C. Circuit Finds Political Questions, Dismisses Sudan Pharmaceutical Plant Bombing Suit Swiss Bank Settles U.S. Tax Charges, Mounting U.S. Pressure on Swiss Bank Secrecy UN Representative Nominee Describes U.S. Interests and Priorities at United Nations Comprehensive New Statement of U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Political Parties Challenges and Perspectives
    KONRAD-ADENAUER-STIFTUNG 4|2020 INTERNATIONAL REPORTS Political Parties Challenges and Perspectives INTERNATIONAL REPORTS 4 | 2020 Editorial Dear Readers, Political parties are a pillar of the democratic system. They assume central functions such as promoting citizen participation in political life and shaping public opinion. They have a major impact on our country’s political development and serve as an interface between state organs and the public. Parliamentary democracy is ultimately always party democracy. Developments under way in modern societies, such as increasing polarisation of polit- ical positions and the digitalisation of many areas of public and private life, present parties with enormous challenges, which they must find creative ways of overcoming. Digitalisation in particular offers opportunities: Parties today have a much wider vari- ety of options for integrating people, disseminating information about their own posi- tions, and appealing to potential voters. Social media has long been indispensable to electoral campaigns. But parties must continue to communicate with their voters on all channels. A good digital campaign is a prerequisite in every corner of the world. Yet, it by no means replaces traditional forms of campaigning, such as classic canvass- ing, as Frank Priess notes in his article. Technical developments are not the only force influencing politics. Societal change is also becoming visible in the party landscape in many places. New parties are being founded to challenge established ones. This is not a new phenomenon in itself, but, as Franziska Fislage shows in her description of the situation in Europe, the speed at which new parties are achieving success is. New parties benefit from developments that we have observed for quite some time: declining party loyalty, increasing voter volatility, and the fading of old political lines of conflict.
    [Show full text]
  • Challenger Party List
    Appendix List of Challenger Parties Operationalization of Challenger Parties A party is considered a challenger party if in any given year it has not been a member of a central government after 1930. A party is considered a dominant party if in any given year it has been part of a central government after 1930. Only parties with ministers in cabinet are considered to be members of a central government. A party ceases to be a challenger party once it enters central government (in the election immediately preceding entry into office, it is classified as a challenger party). Participation in a national war/crisis cabinets and national unity governments (e.g., Communists in France’s provisional government) does not in itself qualify a party as a dominant party. A dominant party will continue to be considered a dominant party after merging with a challenger party, but a party will be considered a challenger party if it splits from a dominant party. Using this definition, the following parties were challenger parties in Western Europe in the period under investigation (1950–2017). The parties that became dominant parties during the period are indicated with an asterisk. Last election in dataset Country Party Party name (as abbreviation challenger party) Austria ALÖ Alternative List Austria 1983 DU The Independents—Lugner’s List 1999 FPÖ Freedom Party of Austria 1983 * Fritz The Citizens’ Forum Austria 2008 Grüne The Greens—The Green Alternative 2017 LiF Liberal Forum 2008 Martin Hans-Peter Martin’s List 2006 Nein No—Citizens’ Initiative against
    [Show full text]
  • Rapport Moral Et Financier De L'association
    Rapport moral et financier de l’association Framasoft Année 2011 Table des matières L’association Framasoft...............................................................................................................3 Le but de l’association.............................................................................................................3 Introduction et points clés principaux en 2011........................................................................3 Les ressources humaines........................................................................................................4 Les ressources financières.......................................................................................................4 Compte Emplois-Ressources et affectation des dons..............................................................4 Par activité.......................................................................................................................... 6 Bénévolat valorisé...................................................................................................................9 Analyse de la situation financière..........................................................................................10 Campagne de dons....................................................................................................................12 L'activité du réseau Framasoft en 2011 ....................................................................................13 Statistiques..........................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • A Practical Guide to Using Free Software in the Public Sector
    A Practical Guide to Using Free Software in the Public Sector ***** (with references to the French copyright law, when applicable) Version 1.31 June 2010 This document is distributed under a Creative Commons "Attribution + ShareAlike" licence. Author: Thierry Aimé (DGI – Ministry for the Budget, Public Accounts and the Civil Service) With the participation of: Philippe Aigrain (Sopinspace), Jean-François Boutier (Ministry for Ecology, Sustainable Development and Spatial Planning), Frédéric Couchet (April), Elise Debies (DGME – Ministry for the Budget, Public Accounts and the Civil Service), François Elie (ADULLACT), Jean-Paul Degorce-Duma (DGSIC – Ministry of Defence), Esther Lanaspa (DGME – Ministry for the Budget, Public Accounts and the Civil Service), Sylvie Poussines (DAJ – Ministry for the Economy, Finance and Employment), Patrice-Emmanuel Schmitz (OSOR.eu). A practical guide to using free software in the public sector 2 Contents 1 -What is software?.............................................................................................................................3 2 -Legal regimes governing the use of software..................................................................................3 3 -Who holds the copyright to software?.............................................................................................4 4 -What is a software licence?..............................................................................................................4 5 -What is a free software licence?.......................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]