Professor: Felicity D. Scott E-mail: [email protected] A4780: Architecture. Human Rights. Spatial Politics Fall 2016 Monday 11 to 1 PM, Buell 300 South

Description: This seminar will investigate contemporary trajectories of architectural research and practice that intersect with questions of human rights, notions of democratic public space, and spatial politics. We will ask what role the discipline plays (or might play) in current debates over questions of political representation, defense, the organization of territory, surveillance, warfare, political conflict, and cultural heritage as well as in questions of citizenship, diaspora, humanitarian intervention, and justice. These questions mark out a profoundly fascinating and highly complicated field of study, and there is a growing body of important literature pertaining to them. The seminar will provide a forum for considering aspects of this literature and practices associated with it, as well as for identifying new lines of research and further critical prospects for the discipline of architecture.

Architecture and the city have long been understood to provide an infrastructure for citizenship and democracy—for instance in the sense of organizing and of giving a formal and aesthetic identity to public space and to cultural and political institutions. In the first half of the 20th century, modern architecture was largely identified with ideals of social progress and radical spatial transformation, and the discipline soon came to be embraced after the Second World War by the United Nations as having a role to play not only in addressing rights issues, such as housing, but in the world of international relations. Such enlightenment ideals are not without their own difficult legacy and specific critiques of human rights and humanitarian intervention and aid will be addressed during the class. Architecture and urban sites have also, of course, frequently been the location of (or even provided techniques for) inequity, colonization, terrorism, and exclusion, raising the question of the discipline’s possible responsibility to address its imbrication within such forms of violence. Finally, as will be addressed in the seminar, architecture’s current role in the organization of public space is further complicated by the increasingly interconnected and mediated if dispersed condition we know as globalization, and by the post-national politics to which it has given rise. Indeed, the very notion of space and of a public within it has been profoundly transformed since World War II, raising not only questions but also significant critical prospects for architecture.

To investigate this complex set of issues, students will address relevant work and research by architects and architectural theorists as well as working through important literature and critiques of human rights, public space, the public sphere, surveillance, and citizenship. We will look at topics including camps, borders, apartheid planning, as well as architectures of warfare, displacement, and occupation. In addition we will identify and discuss contemporary practices that have forged critical and strategic interventions within these fields.

Requirements and Grades: Students are expected to attend all sessions and to keep up with required readings. Each student will be required to give a brief presentation on two-

1 selected readings (from a single week) and a 15-minute final presentation of his or her research for the seminar during the last four weeks of class, which will form the basis of a final paper. All work submitted should be original and written for this course. Students should familiarize themselves with Columbia’s Faculty Statement on Academic Integrity, found at http://www.college.columbia.edu/academics/integrity-statement

The grade for this class will be determined as follows: Class Presentations and Participation 50% Final Paper 50%

Readings: Required readings are available either through Courseworks, unless otherwise noted on syllabus. The Courseworks readings are found under “Class Files,” then the sub- file “Shared Files,” and are organized by week. Further readings are not provided.

Schedule of Classes and Readings

09/12 Introduction: National, International, Postnational (No reading in week 1)

09/19 Democracy, Rights, Justice, Public Space Required Reading: • Ian Balfour and Eduardo Cadava, “The Claims of Human Rights: An Introduction” and Wendy Brown, “‘The Most We Can Hope For…’: Human Rights and the Politics of Fatalism,” in “And Justice For All?: The Claims of Human Rights,” South Atlantic Quarterly 103, no. 2/3 (Spring/Summer 2004), special issue edited by Balfour and Cadava. • Giorgio Agamben, "Beyond Human Rights," trans. Vincenzo Binetti and Cesare Casarino, in Means Without End: Notes on Politics (: Press, 2000), 15- 26. • Judith Butler, "Bodies in Alliance and the Politics of the Street," in Sensible Politics: The Visual Culture of Nongovernmental Activism, ed. Meg McLagen and Yates McKee (New York: Zone Books, 2012), 117-137. • Rosalyn Deutsche, "Agoraphobia," in Evictions: Art and Spatial Politics (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1996), 269-327.

Further reading: • United Nations, “Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948,” http://www.un.org/english/ See also Basic Documents on Human Rights, ed. Ian Brownlie (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 2000). • Claude Lefort, "Politics and Human Rights," in The Political Forms of Modern Society, ed. John B. Thompson (Cambridge: Polity Press, 1986).

2 • Etienne Balibar, "Rights of Man and Rights of the Citizen," in Masses, Classes Ideas (New York: Routledge, 1994), 39-59. • Michael Ignatieff, "Human Rights," in Human Rights in Political Transitions: Gettysburg to Bosnia, ed. Carla Hesse and Robert Post (New York: Zone Books, 1999), 313-324. • Samuel Moyn, The Last Utopia: Human Rights in History (Cambridge: Belknap Press of , 2010). • Etienne Balibar, "Cosmopolitanism and Secularism: Controversial Legacies and Prospective Interrogations," Grey Room 44 (July 2011): 6-25. • Michel Feher, "The Governed in Politics," in Nongovernmental Politics, ed. Michel Feher (New York: Zone Books, 2007), 12-27. • Ilana Feldman and Miriam Ticktin, eds. In the Name of Humanity: The Government of Threat and Care (Durham and : Duke University Press, 2010). • Chantal Mouffe, ""Every Form of Art Has a Political Dimension": Interview by Rosalyn Deutsche, Branden W. Joseph and Thomas Keenan," Grey Room 02 (Winter 2001): 98-125. • Michael Hardt and Antonio Negri, "Globalization and Democracy," in Democracy Unrealized, ed. Okwui Enwezor et al. (Ostfildern-Ruit: Hatje Cantz Publishers, 2002), 323-336. • Claudio Lomnitz, "2006 Immigrant Mobilizations in the United States," in Nongovernmental Politics, ed. Michel Feher (New York: Zone Books, 2007), 434-445. • Gayatri Chakravorty Spivak, and Judith Butler, Who Sings -State?: Language, Politics, Belonging (2007). • Michael Sorkin, "Introduction: Traffic in Democracy," in Giving Ground: The Politics of Propinquity, ed. Joan Copjec and Michael Sorkin (London: Verso, 1999), 1-15.

09/26 Extraterritorial Space/Camps Required Reading: • Hannah Arendt, "The Decline of the Nation State and the End of the Rights of Man," in The Origins of Totalitarianism (San Diego: Harcourt Brace & Company, 1966), 267-302. • Giorgio Agamben, “What is a Camp?,” in Means Without End, 37-45. • Bridget Conley, “What Barbed Wire Does Not Enclose,” Alphabet City: Social Insecurity 7 (2000): 102-111. • Manuel Herz, "Refugee Camps or Ideal Cities in Dust and Dirt?," in Urban TransFormations, ed. Ilka and Andreas Ruby (Berlin: Ruby Press, 2008). • Charlie Hailey, “Introduction,” in Camps: A Guide to 21st-Century Space (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2009), 1-19.

Further reading:

3 • An Architektur, “Extra-Territorial Spaces and Camps in the 'War on Terrorism',” in Territories, ed. Anselm Franke (Berlin: KW- Institute for Contemporary Art, 2003): 20-29. • Judith Butler, Precarious Life: The Power of Mourning and Violence (New York: Verso, 2004). • Etienne Balibar, "(De)Constructing the Human as Human Institution: A Reflection on the Coherence of Hannah Arendt's Practical Philosophy," Social Research 74, no. 3 (Fall 2007): 727- 738. • Sean Nazerali, "The Roma and Democracy: A Nation without a State," in Democracy Unrealized, 133-150. • Warwick Anderson, "Leprosy and Citizenship," Positions: East Asia Cultures Critique 6, no. 3 (Winter 1998): 707-730. • Wolfgang Sofsky, The Order of Terror: The Concentration Camp, trans. William Templer (Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1997). • Bruce Elleman, Japanese-American Civilian Prisoner Exchanges and Detention Camps, 1941-45 (New York: Routledge, 2006). • David Campbell, “Atrocity, Memory, Photography: Imaging the Concentration Camps of Bosnia--The Case of ITN versus Living Marxism, Part I,” Journal of Human Rights 1, no. 1 (2002): 1-33; and Part II, in following issue, 143-172.

10/03 Humanitarianism and its Discontents Required Reading: • Emily Apter, Thomas Keenan, et al., “Humanism without Borders: A Dossier on the Human, Humanitarianism, and Human Rights,” Alphabet City: Social Insecurity 7 (2000): 40-67. • Rony Brauman, "Learning from Dilemmas (Interview with Rony Brauman)," in Nongovernmental Politics, 131-147. • Eyal Weizman, “Arendt in Ethiopia,” in The Least of All Possible Evils: Humanitarian Violence from Arendt to Gaza (London and New York: Verso, 2011), 27-62. • Cameron Sinclair, “Introduction: “I Hope it’s a Long List...,” and Kate Stohr, “100 Years of Humanitarian Design,” in Architecture for Humanity, ed., Design Like You Give a Damn: Architectural Responses to Humanitarian Crises, 1-31, and 32-55, respectively. • "Design Like You give a Damn: A Discussion with Kenneth Frampton," Volume 10 (January 2007): 112-115. • John F. C. Turner, “The Squatter Settlement: An Architecture that Works,” Architectural Design 38 (August 1968): 355-360. • Frederick C. Cuny, “Introduction,” in Disasters and Development (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1983): 3-8.

Further reading:

4 • Andrew Hersher and Anooradha Siddiqi, “Spatial Violence,” special issue of Architectural Theory Review v. 19, n0. 3 (December 2014). • David Rieff, A Bed for the Night: Humanitarianism in Crisis (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2002). • Didier Fassin and Mariella Pandolfi, eds., Contemporary States of Emergency: The Politics of Military and Humanitarian Interventions (New York: Zone Books, 2010). • James Dawes, "Atrocity and Interrogation," Critical Inquiry 30, no. 2 (Winter 2004): 249-266. • Shigeru Ban and Karikeya Shodhan interviewed by Ameet Hiremath, “Disaster Relief: Ahmadabad,” Perspecta 34 (2003): 150-161. • Marta Calsina and Elsa Lopez, “Arquitectos Sin Fronteras- Espana (ASF-E),” in Democracy Unrealized, 231-244 • Adi Ophir, "The Sovereign, the Humanitarian, and the Terrorist," in Nongovernmental Politics, 161-181.

10/10 Other Architectures/Research Required Reading: • Yates McKee and Meg McLagen, "Forensic Architecture: An Interview with Eyal Weizman," in Sensible Politics, 429-451. • Eyal Weizman, “Introduction: Forensis,” Thomas Keenan, “Getting the Dead to Tell Me what Happened: Justice, Prosopopeia,” and Susan Schuppli, “Entering Evidence: Cross- Examining the Court Records of the ICTY,” in Forensic Architecture, ed. Forensis: The Architecture of Public Truth (Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2014): 9-32, 35-55, and 279-316, respectively. • Yates McKee, "How to Do Things with Space--Expanded Architecture and Nongovernmental Politics: An Interview with Laura Kurgan," in Sensible Politics, 491-514. • Laura Kurgan, "Residues: ICTY Courtroom no. 1 and the Architecture of Justice," Alphabet City 7: Social Insecurity (2001): 112-129. • Laura Kurgan, “Representation and the Necessity of Interpretation,” in Close up at a Distance: Mapping, Technology & Politics (New York: Zone Books, 2013): 19-38.

Further reading: • Easterling, Enduring Innocence: Global Architecture and its Political Masquerades (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2005). • Laura Kurgan, "Monochrome Landscapes," in ELSE/WHERE: MAPPING, ed. Janet Abrams and Peter Hall (Minnesota: University of Minnesota Design Institute, 2004): 310-311. See

5 http://l00k.org/?c=maps • Geoffrey Batchen, "The Forest for the Trees," Aperture 178 (2005): 26-34. • "Architecture of the Borderlands," Architectural Design 7/8, special issue ed. Teddy Cruz and Anne Boddington (Academy Editions, 1999). • Stalker, "Through the Actual Territories," in Territories, ed. Anselm Franke (Berlin: KW-Institute for Contemporary Art, 2003), 238-241. • Multiplicity, Uncertain States of Europe (Milan: Skira, 2003).

10/17 Media/Political Space Required Reading: • Thomas Keenan, “Looking Like Flames and Falling Like Stars. Kosovo, the First Internet War,” in Mutations (Barcelona: ACTAR, 2000): 84-95. • Thomas Keenan, "Mobilizing Shame," South Atlantic Quarterly 103, no. 2/3 (Spring/Summer 2004): 435-449. • Thomas Keenan, "Drift: Politics and the Simulation of Real Life," Grey Room 21 (Fall 2005): 94-111. • Carrie Lambert-Beatty, "Women, Waves, Web," in Sensible Politics, 277-295. • Andy Bichlbaum, Mike Bonanno, and Satinath Sarangi, interviewed by Bridget Hanna, "The Yes Men in Bhopal," in Nongovernmental Politics, 524-529.

Further reading: • Thomas Keenan, “Publicity and Indifference: Media, Surveillance, "Humanitarian Intervention",” in CTRL [SPACE]: Rhetorics of Surveillance from Bentham to Big Brother, ed. Thomas Y. Levin, Ursula Frohne, and Peter Weibel (Karslruhe and Cambridge: ZKM and MIT Press, 2002): 544-561 • Thomas Keenan, "'Where are Human Rights...? Reading a Communiqué from Iraq," in Nongovernmental Politics, 57-71. • Samuel Weber, "Target of Opportunity: Networks, Netwar, and Narratives," Grey Room 15 (Spring 2004): 6-27. • Eva Horn, "Knowing the Enemy: The Epistemology of Secret Intelligence," Grey Room 11 (Spring 2003): 58-85. • Wendy Hui Kyong Chun, Control and Freedom: Power and Paranoia in the Age of Fiber Optics (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006). • Yates McKee, "Art and the Ends of Environmentalism: From Biosphere to the Right to Survival," in Nongovernmental Politics, 539-583. • Keller Easterling, Extrastatecraft: The Power of Infrastructure Space (: Verso, 2015).

6 •Ariella Azoulay, “Citizens of Disaster,” in Civil Contract of Photography (New York: Zone Books, 2008): 31-83, plus notes. • Élise Vallois, “Naval Battle: A Profile of Women on Waves,” in Nongovernmental Politics, 482-485. • Rebecca Gomperts and Brendan McGetrick, "Moving in the Margins," in Did Someone Say Participate?: An Atlas of Spatial Practice, ed. Markus Miessen and Shumon Basar (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2006), 59-67. • Women on the Waves. www.womenonwaves.org

10/24 Technologies of Separation Required Reading: • Eyal Weizman, chapter 6, “The Wall: Barrier Archipelagoes and the Impossible Politics of Separation,” Hollow Land: 's Architecture of Occupation, 161-182. • Eyal Weizman, "Seeing through Walls: The Split Sovereign and the One-Way Mirror," Grey Room 24 (Summer 2006): 86-99. • Wendy Brown, “Waning Sovereignty, Walled Democracy,” in Walled States, Waning Sovereignty (New York: Zone Books, 2010), 7-42. • "Alessandro Petti, Sandi Hilal, and Eyal Weizman, "The Morning After: Profaning Global Architecture," in Sensible Politics, 453-469. • Nadia Abu El-Haj, “Excavating Archaeology,” in Facts on the Ground: Archaeological Practice and Territorial Self-Fashioning in Israeli Society (Chicago: Press, 2001): 1-21.

Further reading: •Rafi Segal and Eyal Weizman, eds., A Civilian Occupation: The Politics of Israeli Architecture (New York: Verso, 2003); • Jennifer W. Leung, "Hollow Land: Israel's Architecture of Occupation (book review)," Modern Painters (September 2007): 105-106. • Alessandro Petti, Sandi Hilal, and Eyal Weizman, Architecture after Revolution (Berlin: Sternberg Press, 2014). • Sharon Rotbard, White City, Black City: Architecture and War in Tel Aviv and Jaffa (Cambridge: MIT Press, 2015). • David Campbell, "Apartheid Cartography: The Political Anthropology and Spatial Effects of International Diplomacy in Bosnia," in Territories, 213-229. • Lindsay Bremer, “Crime and the Emerging Landscape of Post- Apartheid ,” in Hilton Judin and Ivan Vladislavic, eds., Blank_Architecture, Apartheid and After (Rotterdam: NAi Publishers, 1998): 49-63. • “Positions A to Z,” in Blank_Architecture, Apartheid and After, 19-31. • Stalker, "Through the Actual Territories," in Territories, 238-241. • Daniel Bertrand Monk, As Aesthetic Occupation: The Immediacy

7 of Architecture and the Palestine Conflict (Durham: Duke University Press, 2002). • Joseph Nevins, Operation Gatekeeper: The Rise of the "Illegal Alien" and the Remaking of the U.S.-Mexico Boundary (New York: Routledge, 2002). • Michael Sorkin, ed., Against the Wall: Israel's Barrier to Peace (New York: The New Press, 2005).

10/31 Cities at War/Urbicide/Militarism Required Reading: • Steven Graham, "Lessons in Urbicide," New Left Review 19 (January/February 2003): 63-78. • Eyal Weizman and Philipp Misselwitz, "Military Operations as ," in Cities without Citizens, ed. Eduardo Cadava and Aaron Levy (Philadelphia: Slought Books, 2004), 167-200. (also in Territories, 272- 281.) • Andrew Herscher, “The Right Place: A Supplement on the Architecture of Humanitarian War,” in Violence Taking Place: The Architecture of the Kosovo Conflict (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2010), 99-120, plus notes. • Tom Vanderbilt, “Survival City: This is Only a Test,” in Survival City: Adventures Among the Ruins of Atomic America (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 2002): 69-95.

Further reading: • Andrew Herscher, and András Riedlmayer, "The Destruction of Historic Architecture in Kosovo," Grey Room 1 (Fall 2000): 108- 122. • Peter Galison, "War Against the Center," Grey Room 04 (Summer 2001): 6-32. • Thomas Elsaesser, "Antigone's Agonistes: Urban Guerilla or Guerilla Urbanism?, The Red Army Faction, in Autumn and Death Game," in Giving Ground: The Politics of Propinquity, 267-302. • Volume 11 (2007), special issue on “Cities Unbuilt.” • Paul Virilio, Bunker Archeology, trans. George Collins (New York: Princeton Architectural Press, 1994). • Srdjan Jovanovic Weiss, "NATO as Architectural Critic," Cabinet 1 (Winter 2000/2001). Available via E-journals • Stephen Graham, "Constructing Urbicide by Bulldozer in the Occupied Territories," in Cities, War, and Terrorism: Towards an Urban Geopolitics, 192-213.

11/07 Election Day (University Holiday/No Class)

8 11/14 Presentations

11/21 Presentations

11/28 Presentations (to be rescheduled)

9