p1-6_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:14 Page 1

44 pages essential LNG news! November / December 2019

In this issue:

1 US pushes ahead with infrastructure buildout US pushes ahead with infrastructure of LNG plants and pipelines buildout of LNG plants and pipelines Four liquefaction facilities and feed-gas pipelines kept deadlines to enable export surge Four liquefaction facilities and feed-gas pipelines kept deadlines to enable export surge

The United States is directing more feed- 4 Assessing LNG freight gas from new pipelines to liquefaction markets: How the Baltic plants on the US Gulf Coast and the Exchange in London Atlantic Coast, highlighting the ongoing works and what it offers infrastructure expansion and accruing Baltic Exchange Chief Executive Mark Jackson explains LNG market economic benefits as even more capacity aims of Singapore-owned is scheduled. institution Feed-gas supplies for LNG plants has grown by more than 1.5 billion cubic feet 8 A round-up of latest per day to over 6 Bcf per day this year, events, company and according to the latest Winter Market industry news Assessment from the Department of For the Record Energy. Daily feed-gas supplies for US export plants has been steadily rising

Capacity of new pipeline capacity, including 3.9 Bcf continue through the winter and beyond,” 23 Global LNG buyers and “From March to October 2019, more than per day of capacity placed in-service stated the DoE. suppliers continue with 3 Bcf per day of new LNG export capacity across the US since last winter. “Basis futures at the Waha hub for the yearly industry went in-service, representing the largest “Some notable projects include January 2020 were priced at $2.33 per stand-off in Japan and concentration of capacity additions in the Columbia Gas Transmission’s 2.6 Bcf per MMBtu on September 16,” added the give forecasts short history of US LNG exports,” stated day Mountaineer Xpress and Kinder report. With the Japanese terminals receiving fewer cargoes again there the DoE. Morgan’s 2.0 Bcf per day Gulf Coast Looking forward, two additional are more volumes available During that time, operations started Express,” said the DoE. natural gas pipeline projects are on the first Trains of LNG export plants “Gulf Coast Express is a non- currently under construction to transport 25 Changing position of at Corpus Christi and Freeport in Texas, jurisdictional intra-state pipeline that Permian Basin natural gas to the LNG-fueled power Cameron in Louisiana and Elba Island transports Permian Basin natural gas Southeast and Gulf Coast markets. plants in the Japanese in Georgia. from the Waha hub in west Texas to Agua Additionally, a second LNG Train at Dulce in south Texas,” it added. Restrictions wholesale electricity Corpus Christi and a fifth LNG Train at “Permian Basin natural gas Specifically, the 2.0 Bcf per day Permian market Sabine Pass, in Louisiana, went in- production has exceeded local demand Highway Pipeline project is planned J-Power explains where LNG stands in relation to the nation’s current service during that period. and saturated nearby markets,” to be in-service in late 2020 and energy mix “Increased demand for feed-gas from all explained the report. the 2.0 Bcf per day Whistler Pipeline in operational facilities should continue “The regional oversupply caused 41 2021. 27 Sensing a new approach through this winter as utilization rates are instances of negative prices at the Waha Elsewhere, Algonquin Gas to having better control expected to remain high,” said the DoE. hub between March and August of this Transmission and Texas Eastern and monitoring as gas year. In August, spot natural gas prices at Transmission have announced capacity engines chosen by more Available the Waha hub averaged just $0.68 per reductions to accommodate pipeline owners “Second LNG Trains at both Cameron million British thermal units,” it added. safety and integrity testing. Patrice Flot, chief technical officer and Freeport are expected to start Since Gulf Coast Express began “The restrictions vary by both location at CMR Group operations during the winter months,” commercial operation on September 25, and magnitude; however, the publicly it added. spot natural gas prices have converged available schedules posted by the 29 World Carrier Fleet: Recent reports estimate that the in- with other regional hubs. companies suggest most restrictions Details of LNG vessels service date for Freeport’s second Train should end by December,” said the report. will be in January 2020, while the in- Pressures The DoE said it would continue to service date for Cameron’s second Train The project has eased binding local monitor the timelines and any potential 39 Tables of import and will be in February 2020. constraints and placed upward pressure impacts on natural gas and electric export LNG terminals The increase in available feed-gas is on pricing in nearby markets. markets. and plants worldwide thanks to the more than 12 Bcf per day “This phenomenon is expected to In its preliminary 2019-2020 Winter p1-6_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:14 Page 2

DEVELOPMENTS

Reliability Assessment, it was estimated Natural gas storage inventories for the two years. However, the repairs on Line that reserve margins for all assessment 2019 injection season, running from April 235-2 were recently completed on October journal areas will exceed their reference margin 1 to October 31, began at 1.2 trillion cubic 14, 2019, and 173 MMcf per day of import targets this winter. feet (Tcf), 30 percent lower than the prior capacity was returned while further “Although all regions are expected to five-year average. inspections are conducted,” it added. maintain healthy reserve margins However, by November, inventories are The SoCalGas 540 MMcf per day Line through the winter, reserve margins are expected to be slightly above the five-year 4000 has also experienced outages. About not always guarantors of reliable average, reflecting robust storage 270 MMcf per day of Line 4000 capacity

The World’s Leading LNG publication operations during the winter,” stated injections throughout the season. has been offline since last winter, and the report. SoCalGas has also said that it took the Maritime Content Ltd The DoE noted that fuel availability, Storage remaining 270 MMcf per day on Line 2 Prospect Road particularly natural gas and fuel oil, can This year, natural gas storage levels 4000 out of service starting September 19, St Albans AL1 2AX affect electric operations and must be have increased at the highest rate since 2019, with a preliminary return-to- United Kingdom www.LNGjournal.com monitored. 2015. As of September 6, natural gas service date in November 2019. +44 (0)20 7253 2700 The past three years have seen inventories were at 3.0 Tcf, which is 15 “This additional outage will lengthen significant additions of natural gas-fired percent higher than last year’s levels at the time before the system’s northern Publisher and renewable generation across regions, this time. import path returns to full service,” said Stuart Fryer offsetting retirements of coal capacity and According to an Energy Information the DoE. Editor nuclear capacity. Administration (EIA) forecast, the rate “Thus, a total of 900 MMcf per day of John McKay of natural gas injections into storage pipeline capacity in the company’s system [email protected] Coal will be above the five-year average of is currently unavailable, leaving 2.94 Bcf Advertising More than 3.4 gigawatts of coal capacity re- 10.8 Bcf per day for the remainder of the per day of import capacity for the system,” David Jeffries tired from March 2019 to June 2019 and an- injection season. it added. Only Media Ltd other 6.2 GW of coal capacity is expected to The EIA projects that the total Storage injections have slowed as a Tel: +44 (0) 208 150 5293 retire between July 2019 and February 2020. withdrawals over this winter will be 2.1 result of these outages, with the storage [email protected] Approximately 680 MW of nuclear Tcf, which is slightly more than last inventory 4 Bcf below last year’s storage Subscriptions Sales Manager capacity retired from March 2019 to June winter’s total withdrawals of 2.0 Tcf. inventory at this time. Stephan Venter 2019, and an additional 829 MW of The LNG picture and positive Tel: + 44 (0) 7253 2700 nuclear capacity has announced plans to developments in other gas hubs and System stress [email protected] retire between July 2019 and February energy sectors are in stark contrast to the “The return of these pipeline segments Production 2020. situation emerging in California over the should better position SoCalGas to deal Vivian Chee “From the end of last winter through past few winters. with system stress and meet peak natural Tel: +44 (0) 20 8995 5540 the upcoming winter, 5.6 GW of natural “Service over the Southern California gas demand,” concluded the DoE on the [email protected] gas capacity has been or will be added Gas Company’s system has been limited California supply issues.

across the US,” said the DoE. due to outages and repairs on pipeline Overall, the DoE report said that in

“The installed segments,” said the report. recent winter seasons, generator outages Subscription capacity of The DoE observed during extreme cold weather have led to increased prices and emergency events and stressed system Print & online £655/€810/US$1050 price volatility in conditions. Online only £595/€795/US$950 both the regional Events like the 2014 Polar Vortex have See website for more details natural gas highlighted the need to ensure resource www.lngjournal.com Service over the and electric availability to meet winter peak demand. [email protected] power Instances of generator outages and hotline +44 (0)20 7253 2700 Southern California markets fuel unavailability became issues that led

during to new market and regulatory solutions,

Gas Company’s system periods of some of which continue to be developed. high The Federal Energy Regulatory

has been limited due demand Commission has published a report on

in winter the loss of generators due to the cold No part of this publication may be reproduced to outages and repairs and weather. or stored in any form by any mechanical, summer. The report recommends, through electronic, photocopying, recording or other means without the prior written consent of the on pipeline segments market rules, Reliability Standards, and publisher. Whilst the information and articles outreach, improvements in the in LNG journal are published in good faith and Operations winterization of generators and in the every effort is made to check accuracy, readers “SoCalGas continues assessments of the capabilities of should verify facts and statements direct with official sources before acting on them as the renewable to experience difficulty generators, transmission lines, and gas publisher can accept no responsibility in this resources returning pipeline segments pipelines during cold weather. respect. Any opinions expressed in this continues to increase, back to commercial operation due to their Some northeast areas such as New magazine should not be construed as those of the publisher. including significant additions remote locations and permitting delays,” England have implemented performance of wind and of solar. In both the DoE explained. requirements designed to incentivize Printed by: Rabarbar s.c., cases, this follows capacity “For instance, 530 million cubic feet capacity resources to perform during Polna 44, 41-710 Ruda Śląska, addition trends from the per day (MMcf per day) of import capacity critical load periods throughout the Poland past three years,” it added. on Line 235-2 has been offline for the past year. n

2 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p1-6_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:14 Page 3

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SHIPPING

Assessing LNG freight markets: How the Baltic Exchange in London works and what it offers

Baltic Exchange Chief Executive Mark Jackson explains LNG market aims of Singapore-owned institution

The LNG freight market has changed ways of mitigating their exposure to remarkably over the past 15 years thanks shipping risk. to the emergence of more cargo, But to achieve this, the market needs customers and ships. independent, reliable assessments which These new ships are increasingly likely it can trust to settle its trades. Any spot to be controlled by independent market needs to be underpinned by a set shipowners and more vessels are of contractual standards. available for spot hire. New import and export terminals have been built and the Standards LNG fleet continues to expand. Earlier this year, the Baltic Exchange began providing these contractual Dynamic standards by publishing three separate What was once a market characterised by assessments for LNG freight. long-term contractual arrangements is The first freight derivative trades have LNG time charter equivalent rates as quoted in March to October 2019. See voyage details of BLNG1, BLNG2, BLNG3 on Page 6 today increasingly becoming a dynamic been settled against these benchmarks and liquid spot market. with the traders JERA Global Markets twice weekly basis, submitting their significant volume of trade on index Spurred on by a combination of rising and Vitol executing a Sabine Pass-Tokyo returns to the Baltic Exchange’s London- routes, or on routes related to them, is cargo volumes, growing average voyage trade whilst Total and Glencore executed based freight market team. important. Trades subject to seasonal distances, weather factors and most a Gladstone-Tokyo freight swap this The Baltic Exchange has been closures are avoided; recently US sanctions against certain summer. producing indices and assessments for Transparency - A reasonable volume of Chinese shipping companies, daily the shipping markets since 1985 when it accurately reported fixtures should be hire rates for LNG ships have shot up Methodology launched the Baltic Freight Index (now available. Where possible, trades in 2019. The Baltic Exchange’s LNG rate known as the Baltic Dry Index). dominated by a sole or limited number of The cost of hiring an LNG vessel to assessment methodology uses It has since expanded its range to cover interests are avoided; move cargo from Australia to Japan confidential submissions from the main vessel types moving grains, iron Standard Terms - Voyage routes where stood at more than US$142,000 in independent shipbrokers to mark time ore, coal, crude oil, products of oil, business is largely concluded on standard mid-October, more than six times charter equivalent rates for LNG carriers liquefied petroleum gas, containers and terms are favoured the rate back in March 2019 when on key trade lanes. now LNG. The three LNG routes reported by the the Baltic Exchange first began trialling This benchmark includes not only the The Baltic Exchange is recognised Baltic Exchange were selected after a its assessments. headline rates for hiring the vessels, but globally as a trusted source of expert lengthy process of consultation with the As freight rates have soared, the also the highly important ballast bonus information for the shipping markets. market, a trial phase and finally a move delivered price of LNG has seen the and/or position fees paid by charterers to twice weekly full publication. proportion attributable to shipping rise depending on market conditions. Criteria All of the Baltic Exchange’s significantly. Leading independent shipbrokers The Exchange’s criteria for selecting the benchmarks are compliant with As in the volatile tanker and dry bulk including Affinity, Clarksons, Braemar- routes it assesses are broadly as follows: standards set out by the International freight markets, traders are looking at ACM and SSY assess the routes on a Trade Volume - A steady and Organisation of Securities Committees (IOSCO). But assessing the shipping markets is no simple task. Shipping contracts are The whole LNG Market private transactions between two parties and the contract terms are not at your fingertips standardised. • Increased market visibility through a quick “lowdown of the market” on Monday morning and detailed “bird’s eye” view of the past month Party knowledge • Break-down and ilustration of complex LNG trade relations The full terms, and the exact time and backed by real data to increase feel for the market date of transactions are only known, with certainty, to the parties involved. Rates • Access to pre-digested primary market data and prices may be agreed subject to other • Consistent & systematic market perspectives conditions being fulfilled. Individual transactions are often of • Market and fleet overview in one convenient package high value but may be very infrequent. By the standards of financial markets, shipping markets are illiquid. There is no www.lngunlimited.com obligatory reporting requirement for transactions and much remains

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SHIPPING

unreported. Yet markets are highly Put simply, the role of the expert freight. To create a derivative market for develop what we believe could become an volatile and may move significantly in independent shipbroker is vital in LNG shipping, the physical market needs integral part of the LNG market. very short periods of time. assessing the bulk freight markets. to first become familiar with the Baltic The Baltic Exchange will be running a Where active markets exist, the Baltic The Baltic Exchange is able to develop Exchange’s benchmarks. training course specifically looking at the Exchange reports are expected to be new routes and assessments and The first step is for traders to refer to concept of derivatives for the LNG freight informed by and thus anchored in fixtures introduce new vessel descriptions thanks the assessments during negotiations and market in Singapore this December and and current negotiations. to the participation of its members in the then to start using them in index linked February. See Web site under services and However, the relatively limited various user groups and committees contracts. training for full details. n liquidity of the shipping markets when which provide input. However, for a forward freight compared to some financial markets, The entire process is overseen by the agreements (FFA) market to take off, together with their underlying volatility, Baltic Index Council which comprises five cleared services need to be offered. Author and Baltic mean that it is essential panellists have market representatives including a dry Discussions are currently underway Exchange CEO discretion over the relative value they bulk, wet bulk and derivatives broker. with a number of exchanges which Mark Jackson attribute to transactional data, and to currently offer clearing for tankers and Jackson is in charge other data such as tonnage availability, dry bulk. Derivatives of an organization order lists, sentiment and news flow in These are still very early days for the The Baltic Exchange will continue to headquartered in reaching their assessments. emergence of a paper market for LNG work with all market participants to help London and with offices in Singapore, Shanghai, Athens and the USA. The Baltic Exchange LNG Index Baltic Exchange’s history can be traced back to the BLNG1 BLNG2 BLNG3 18th century when it started as a Delivery Gladstone, loading 25-40 days Delivery Sabine, loading 25-40 days Delivery Sabine, loading 30-45 days meeting place for merchants and from Index date, for a derived round from Index date, for a derived round from Index date, for a derived round shipowners in the City of London. voyage via Tokyo of 22 days duration, voyage via Isle of Grain of 28 days voyage via Tokyo of 53 days duration Today, the Baltic Exchange is owned with redelivery Gladstone, based on duration, with redelivery Sabine, based (routing via Panama Canal), with by the Singapore Exchange (SGX) which daily hire and lumpsum assessments on daily hire and lumpsum assessments redelivery Sabine, based on daily hire acquired the institution in 2016 and has since invested in a range of new with 1.25 percent total commission. with 1.25 percent total commission. and lumpsum assessments with 1.25% products and services for the shipping total commission. markets.

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FOR THE RECORD

the FERC noted in its permit statement our industry in perspective, consider this. career to the service of this industry. He that there was scope for additional short- Australia has a total domestic gas was appointed chief executive at probably For the term environmental impacts from the demand about the same as Switzerland,” the most challenging time in BP’s history,” cumulative noise from several LNG he explained. “Switzerland sits in the said Lund, referring to the Deepwater Record projects being developed at the same time middle of Europe and accounts for 1 Horizon platform explosion offshore in the area of the Brownsville Ship percent of Europe’s gas demand. You can Louisiana on 20th of April 2010 in which Channel. The FERC stated that the also fit 5.5 Switzerlands into Victoria 11 workers died. During his tenure he led project, combined with others in the (state),” he stated. the company’s recovery from the ANNOVA, the development company “geographic scope, including the Rio However, he noted that pipelines were Deepwater Horizon accident and rebuilt for the project planned for the south bank Grande LNG and Texas LNG projects”, the optimal infrastructure for the bulk BP as a stronger and safer operator amid of the Brownsville Ship Channel in Texas, would result in significant cumulative transport of liquids and gases. “Whether huge payouts estimated at $60 billion for and whose owners include Chicago-based impacts from construction noise from it is securing water supply for remote an environmental clean-up and power company Exelon Corp., has pile-driving and shoreline erosions within regions, moving slurry from a mine site to compensation. Analysts said Looney was concluded a state tax deal showing the the Brownsville Ship Channel during a processing facility or delivering energy an excellent choice as the new CEO, given encouragement being offered to the build- vessel transits. Annova has already around the country, pipelines are the his solid background in exploration and out of the LNG sector along the Gulf modified its project layout to create a 185- infrastructure that does the task safely, production with lists of successes in the Coast. Commissioners for the Brownsville acre environmental conservation corridor reliably and efficiently,” said Davies “In Caribbean, Egypt and Oman. area approved a deal for tax-saving of and avoid impacting over 100 acres of the immediate future, we need to deliver Looney is also seen as being capable of around $373 million. Under the wetlands. Its environmental plans would the next wave of investment that will making solid progress on BP’s plans to agreement, Annova LNG would make a also restore tidal exchange and estuarine secure natural gas for decades to operate floating LNG exports plants one-off payment of $5.5M for community habitats lost when the Brownsville Ship maintain the supply of energy needed by offshore West Africa and complete the projects as well as 10 annual payments of Channel and State Highway 48 were the 70 percent of homes connected to gas, large-scale onshore liquefaction plant in $500,000 to the county of Cameron in constructed. needed to help Australian industry grow, Alaska. BP is the owner of an LNG Texas in lieu of taxes. The deal will run as needed to allow our gas-fired power carrier fleet and its supply portfolio and long as the company employs more than AUSTRALIA, the world’s largest generators to expand in line with equity stakes also includes projects in 100 people and ensures that at least 35 of exporter of liquefied natural gas to renewables and needed to serve our Australia, Indonesia, Trinidad and them of them are local hires. Annova said nations such as China and Japan, says it export markets,” stated the CEO. Davies elsewhere. Chairman Lund said Looney that the construction of the project would is faced with unique challenges in also reminded members that APGA has was the ideal person to take the company require an average of 700 personnel over delivering natural gas to Australians as just announced a significant new through the energy transition with the 54-month building period. “We both the domestic network is long in kilometre international agreement with the natural gas being a large part of this have a vision for a better and brighter terms while it is delivering to a domestic Canadian Energy Pipeline Association strategy for a clean-energy future future for Cameron County,” said Annova gas market comparable in volume to that (CEPA). He said that under the “Bernard has all the right qualities to LNG Chief Executive Omar Khayum. “We of Switzerland. The challenges are being agreement, CEPA would convert aspects lead us through this transformational want to provide sustainable, high-paying considered at the annual convention of of the APGA Pipeline Engineering era. He has deep experience in the energy jobs for Cameron County residents,” he the Australian Pipelines and Gas Competency System to suit the Canadian sector, has risen through the ranks of BP, added. “This tax agreement allows us to Association being held in the city of legal and regulatory environment and and has consistently delivered strong demonstrate to the community, as well as Adelaide, capital of the state of South then its members would implement the safety, operational and financial our investors and customers, that we will Australia. APGA Chief Executive Steve system. “This agreement is recognition performance,” added Lund. “He is an do everything we can to provide Davies told the 340 delegates that that what we have developed with the authentic, progressive leader, with a opportunities for Cameron County Australia’s gas transmission industry is Pipeline Engineering Competency passion for purpose and people and a residents that don’t exist today,” he rightfully proud of its outstanding public System is world-leading and a major clear sense of what BP must do to thrive explained. safety record in delivering gas from contribution to knowledge transfer and through the energy transition,” stated The Annova project is expected to ship production fields to city gates. “Our gas public safety,” stayed Davies. Lund. Dudley said he felt privileged to around 6.95 million tonnes per annum transmission network is just over 24,000 have served the company and to have from its proposed liquefaction and export kilometres out of a total 45,000km of BP of the UK, one of the leading LNG worked in the industry for the past four plant. The joint venture proposes the high-pressure steel pipelines,” said Davies producers with two current world-class decades. “I have worked with so many construction of six small-scale in an address to 340 delegates at the 2019 LNG production projects in Alaska and committed people from all over the world liquefaction Trains as well as an APGA Annual Convention and Exhibition Mauritania-Senegal and volumes booked - both inside and outside BP - and I am interconnected pipeline and marine in the city of Adelaide, capital of the state from the US Gulf Coast and nations such enormously proud of all the things we export facilities. The joint venture’s equity of South Australia. The US, a growing as Mozambique confirmed that Chief have achieved together to provide energy owners in addition to Exelon are US LNG exporter, has 30,000 kilometres of Executive Bob Dudley was stepping down for the world,” said Dudley. “Bernard is a engineering, processing and equipment natural gas pipeline just in Louisiana, after a 40-year career with the UK major terrific choice to lead the company next. company Black & Veatch of Kansas and currently the main exporting state on the and nine years as CEO. Dudley, 64, has He knows BP and our industry as well as construction firm Kiewit Corp., based in US Gulf Coast, along with Texas. decided to retire after delivery of the anyone but is creative and not bound by Omaha, Nebraska. Annova is seeking to Australian LNG exports are expected to company’s 2019 full-year results on 4 traditional ways of working. I have no secure one billion cubic feet per day of amount to more than 80 million tonnes at February 2020 and will leave on 31 March doubt that he will thoughtfully lead BP firm natural gas pipeline transportation the end of 2019. “It is spread across our 2020. He will be replaced by Bernard through the transition to a low-carbon from Agua Dulce Hub in south Texas to entire continent,” explained Davis of the Looney, aged 49, currently chief executive future,” stated Dudley. the project site. The Federal Energy Australian pipeline network. “We should of BP’s Upstream Division. BP Chairman Regulatory Commission’s permits were recognize that the Australian pipeline Helge Lund, the former CEO of Norway’s CONOCOPHILLIPS, whose issued to build the plant on condition that industry manages a unique set of Equinor when it was known as Statoil, predecessor company started US liquefied suitable mitigation measures are taken to challenges and conditions,” he added. “To praised Dudley for his global influence on natural gas exports from the state of reduce environmental impacts. However, help put the amazing task performed by the industry. “Bob has dedicated his whole Alaska 50 years ago, has agreed to sell its

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FOR THE RECORD

operated Darwin LNG export plant in lower cost of supply options for new global responsibilities will include two operating design contract for the phase-three Australia and other gas assets to LNG supply, this transaction allows us to divisions and LNG. She will have development of a key natural gas project Australian energy company Santos. The allocate capital to other projects that we responsibility for Gas Transmission and offshore Myanmar in the Bay of Bengal. US major said it was selling Darwin LNG, believe will generate the highest long- Storage, consisting of 14,800 miles of Doris, which has worldwide operations which came on stream as the second term value to ConocoPhillips,” explained natural gas transmission, gathering and including advising the West African Australian export plant in 2006, as well Fox. The effective date for the transaction storage pipelines as well as the Cove nation of Senegal on its floating liquefied as related assets in Australia’s Northern will be January 2019 and includes a $75 Point LNG facility. Cove Point has natural gas ventures, was awarded the territory and Western Australia for million contingent payment subject to a exported around 40 LNG cargoes so far in contract on the SHWE project by Posco US$1.39 billion. ConocoPhillips said it final investment decision on the Barossa 2019 after shipping its first cargo in International of South Korea. The SHWE would retain its 37.5 percent interest in project to extend Darwin production. March 2018. Japanese trading house gas project is supported by Myanmar, the Australia Pacific LNG export plant in Santos said that the Barossa project Sumitomo Corp. and Indian state-owned China and India and backed by a Queensland, and the operatorship of that partner South Korean utility and energy gas utility Gas Authority of India each consortium of six companies, led by Posco. project’s LNG facility. Its APLNG company SK E&S was “highly supportive” have 20-year take-or-pay contracts for First production of gas from the SHWE partners are China’s Sinopec and Origin and has signed a letter of intent to liquefaction capacity at Cove Point. project was achieved in 2013 and the Energy of Australia. Darwin LNG buyer acquire a 25 percent interest in Bayu- Leopold will also oversee Gas fields are now being further developed. Santos is an experienced industry Undan and Darwin LNG. Santos said it Distribution with local gas companies in The SHWE development blocks consist of participant through its existing stake in was also in discussions with existing Idaho, North Carolina, Ohio, Utah, West three major field areas: the central the Darwin project, its operatorship of the Darwin LNG joint-venture partners for Virginia and Wyoming and a South SHWE field, the northern SHWE Phyu Gladstone LNG export plant in equity in Barossa and in advanced talks Carolina utility. field and the southerly Mya field. Queensland and its stake in Papua New with LNG buyers for Barossa offtake Two of the company's five new The central SHWE field is located in Guinea LNG. Santos is purchasing the volumes. “Santos was a founding partner operating divisions will report to Blue. waters of about 140 metres in depth. The 37.5 percent interest of ConocoPhillips in with ConocoPhillips in Darwin LNG,” said These are Dominion Energy Virginia, the Phase 3 project comprises the provision of the Barossa project and Caldita Field Santos Chief Executive Officer Kevin vertically integrated electric utility in low-pressure compression and other work offshore and its 56.9 percent interest in Gallagher. “The acquisition of these assets Virginia and North Carolina and to support ongoing production from the the Darwin LNG facility and the Bayu- fully aligns with Santos’ growth strategy Contracted Generation, which includes existing fields. “We are very proud of Undan field, all offshore northwest to build on existing infrastructure Millstone Power Station and more than working once more with our long-term Australia. Adelaide-based Santos is also positions while advancing our aim to be a 50 long-term contracted solar facilities. partner HHI for Posco International and taking over the 40 percent interest of leading regional LNG supplier,” added Also effective on December 1, Carter M. we are confident that the expertise of ConocoPhillips in the Poseidon field and Gallagher. “This acquisition delivers Reid, currently EVP and chief Doris along with HHI's superior offshore its 50 percent interest in the Athena field, operatorship and control of strategic LNG administrative and compliance officer, construction and installation capabilities both in the Western Australia Browse infrastructure at Darwin, with approvals will become EVP and chief of staff for will lead to a successful FEED as was the Basin. “We are extremely proud of our in place supporting expansion to 10 Dominion Energy, and president of case for SHWE Phase 1,” said Francis work in Australia-West over the last 20 MTPA and the low-cost, long-life Barossa Dominion Energy Services. Blue, Leopold, Carmigniani, Managing Director of Doris. years,” said Matt Fox, the ConocoPhillips gas project,” explained the Santos CEO. Reid and James R. Chapman, EVP, chief Among other recent contract wins, Doris Chief operating Officer. “We are pleased “These assets are well known to Santos. financial officer and treasurer, will all was appointed to an advisory role earlier that Santos recognizes the value of the It also continues to strengthen our continue to report to Farrell. “Bob and in 2019 by the Senegalese Ministry of existing business as well as the offshore operating and development Diane have led business units at Petroleum for offshore developments, opportunity to develop Barossa and expertise and capabilities to drive growth Dominion Energy for a combined decade including BP-run floating LNG projects thereby continue Darwin LNG’s in offshore northern and Western and bring to their new roles vast and an exploration and production operations for another 20-plus years,” Australia,” he stated. “We look forward to understanding of the energy sector and venture operated by Australian LNG added Fox. The Barossa project will welcoming ConocoPhillips’ Australia- its relationship to customers, and producer Woodside. This two-year extend the life of the single-Train plant West employees to Santos and combining superior leadership skills,” said Farrell. Senegal contract consists of reviewing with 3.5 million tonnes per annum of the two businesses to create one high “Our five new operating segments will be plans focusing on the optimization and nameplate capacity and triple its output performing team with a wide range of in excellent hands,” he stated. P. Rodney the robustness of proposals to develop the with additional liquefaction capability. exciting career opportunities across Blevins will continue in his role as Grand Tortue-Ahmeyim gas fields Tokyo Electric Power Co and Tokyo Gas Santos,” said Gallagher. president-Dominion Energy South underpinning several FLNG ventures signed the original LNG supply contracts Carolina and will report to Leopold. proposed by BP and partner, Kosmos with Darwin LNG as well as for the first DOMINION ENERGY, the power Donald R. Raikes, president of Gas Energy of the US. US LNG export plant started on the and natural gas operator and owner of the Distribution, and Paul E. Ruppert, Kenai Peninsula of Alaska in 1969 by Cove Point LNG plant in Maryland, has president of Gas Transmission & Storage, EXXONMOBIL said it planned to ConocoPhillips and Marathon Oil. The made changes in responsibilities to build will also report to Leopold. Each of the invest more than $500 million in the Darwin plant’s Barossa joint venture is in a senior leadership team under Thomas operating segment presidents will serve initial construction phase of its liquefied the front-end engineering design phase F. Farrell, Chairman, President and Chief on Farrell's senior leadership team. “We natural gas project in Mozambique as and includes a floating production, Executive. The company has named two will rely on Bob, Rodney, Don, Paul and part of the Area 4 resources development storage and offloading (FPSO) facility, executives to the new position of co-chief Dan to provide outstanding operations with its partners including Italian energy subsea production system and gas export operating officer. Robert M. Blue, and customer service and be exceptional company Eni and China National pipeline. currently executive vice president and stewards of our shareholders' money,” Petroleum Corp. “The Area 4 partners will The gas export pipeline will tie the president and chief executive of the Power stated Farrell. advance midstream and upstream area Barossa gas field, 300 kilometres north of Delivery Group, and Diane Leopold, project activities of more than $500M as Darwin, into the existing Bayu Undan-to- currently EVP and president and chief DORIS Engineering, the French energy initial investments,” said Exxon’s head of Darwin Pipeline and extend the plant executive of Gas Infrastructure Group, contracts company, and Hyundai Heavy power and gas marketing, Peter Clarke at lifespan. “While we believe the Darwin were each named EVP and co-COOs Industries of South Korea have been a ceremony in Mozambique’s capital LNG backfill project remains among the effective as of December 1. Leopold’s awarded the front-end engineering and Maputo to celebrate the southeast African

10 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p7-22_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:28 Page 23

Challenging conventional thinking in today’s cost driven market © DORIS Engineering |F.Lucazeau

www.dorisgroup.com p7-22_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:28 Page 24

FOR THE RECORD

nation’s LNG advances. At the same time, Mozambique Rovuma Ventures, EQUINOR, the Norwegian energy operator of the Norwegian oil and gas Japanese energy engineering firm JGC comprising ExxonMobil with 25 percent, company and LNG plant operator said it fields and the Hammerfest LNG export Corp. said it was awarded an engineering, Eni with 25 percent and China’s CNPC, was awarded exploration acreage in the plant, said it was proud to bring on procurement and construction contract also known as PetroChina, with 20 Northern Carnarvon Basin offshore stream the Johan Sverdrup oil and gas along with EPC consortium partners, the percent. The remaining 30 percent of Western Australia as upstream activities project with its long-term energy and Franco-US company TechnipFMC and shares in that licence are held in parcels continue to expand. Equinor has been financial benefits. The start-up of the Fluor Corp. of the US. JGC said the EPC of 10 percent by South Korean utility and granted the new exploration permit, WA- Johan Sverdrup was described by contract award in Mozambique was worth energy company Korea Gas Corp., Galp 542-P, and is the operator and 100 percent Equinor as a momentous occasion. The a total of around $11.2 billion for all the Energia of Portugal and Mozambique’s owner. “We are pleased with this award Johan Sverdrup field is named after the companies involved. “LNG production at ENH. A separate project for Area 4 which expands our position in Australia first Prime Minister of Norway after the the complex is expected to commence in resources is the Coral floating LNG joint with an exploration opportunity in a introduction of a parliamentary and 2025,” said JGC. “Mozambique Rovuma venture with capacity of around 3.4 proven basin,” says Paul McCafferty, democratic political system and who Venture selected the JGC, Fluor and MTPA already under construction and Equinor’s senior vice president for served from 1884 to 1889. The Johan TechnipFMC based on the consortium’s scheduled to come on stream in 2022. international offshore exploration. WA- Sverdrup venture pipelines will transport demonstrated capabilities in health and ExxonMobil will lead the development of 542-P is located west of the recent Dorado around 6 million cubic metres of natural safety management, competitive financial liquefaction and LNG operations on oil discovery. The block covers 4,815 gas per day to the Norwegian Karsto gas strength, technical design, execution behalf of the Area 4 joint venture, while square kilometres and lies about 100 terminal, while the oil export pipeline will planning, the contract price and Eni will be in charge of the construction kilometres from the Australian coast. The transport 660,000 barrels of oil per day to schedule,” said JGC. “The JFT consortium and bringing on stream of the upstream water depth ranges from 80 metres to the Mongstad terminal and refinery. was established to execute the project, facilities. Eni had completed its sale of a 350m. Equinor has operated the Pipeline natural gas exports from Norway leveraging JGC and TechnipFMC’s 25 percent indirect interest in the Area 4 Hammerfest LNG plant exporting to and from Gazprom in Russia to Europe extensive experience of LNG projects licence block in the Rovuma Basin to Europe from Northern Europe since 2007 provide the largest competition to LNG worldwide, as well as Fluor’s expertise ExxonMobil in November 2017. The and its overseas interests include the shipments. Equinor said that at peak accumulated from its outstanding track development plan for the first phase of Block 2 licence offshore Tanzania in East production, the Johan Sverdrup field record of mega-sized projects performed the LNG project specifies the design and Africa with LNG project potential. would account for around one third of all globally,” added the Japanese company. construction of two LNG Trains, which Australian energy company and LNG oil production in Norway and deliver very ExxonMobil's Clarke said the EPC will each produce 7.6 MTPA of LNG. The market participant Santos confirmed valuable barrels with record low carbon- contract covers the construction of two ExxonMobil-led venture submitted the major Northern Carnarvon Basin oil and dioxide (CO2) emissions. Johan Sverdrup natural gas production Trains with a total development plan to the Government in gas resources in June 2019 from well tests is expected to generate income from capacity of 15.2 million tonnes per annum July 2018. As regards the separate on its Dorado-2 appraisal well in the production of more than 1,430 billion as well as associated onshore facilities. Mozambique LNG project for Area 1 Bedout Basin. crowns ($157 billion), of which about 900 Nello Uccelletti, President of the resources in the Rovuma Basin and the It said Dorado opened a new basin billion crowns ($100Bln) will go to the Onshore-Offshore division at onshore plant at Pemba in northern Capo with high prospectivity in permits where Norwegian state to support society’s TechnipFMC, said he was delighted by Delgado province, previously led by Santos has a high equity position and rich needs and aspirations. “Johan Sverdrup the EPC contract. “We are extremely Anadarko Petroleum of the US, French exploration inventory with potential to coming on stream is a momentous honored to have been awarded by MRV energy major Total is now in the driving substantially grow its resource base. The occasion for Equinor, our partners and this new prestigious LNG project along seat. This follows Total’s purchase for $3.9 Dorado-2 well is located in petroleum suppliers,” said Eldar Saetre, President with our long-time partners, JGC and billion of Anadarko’s 26.5 percent permit WA-437-P, about 160 kilometres and Chief Executive of Equinor. “At peak, Fluor. This award confirms the market operated interest in Mozambique LNG north of Port Hedland and two kilometres this field will account for around one third recognition of TechnipFMC’s expertise from Occidental Petroleum on its away from the Dorado-1 discovery made of all oil production in Norway and deliver and track record in gas monetization and, takeover of Anadarko. Total had in July 2018. The town of Port Hedland is very valuable barrels with record low in particular, in the LNG industry,” stated previously reached a binding agreement 230km north of the major Western emissions,” stated the CEO. Uccelletti. with Occidental to buy Anadarko’s assets Australian LNG export terminal at Johan Sverdrup has expected Clarke explained that his in Africa, including Mozambique, Algeria, Karratha, operated by Woodside recoverable reserves of 2.7 billion barrels announcement in Maputo fell short of a Ghana and South Africa. Area 1 of the Petroleum. Santos has an 80 percent of oil equivalent and is one of the cleanest final investment decision by ExxonMobil Rovuma Basin contains more than 60 share in the permit and Carnarvon oil and gas fields as it is powered with and partners, though this was scheduled trillion cubic feet gas resources of which Petroleum owns 20 percent. “An electricity from shore and the field has to be finalized in 2020. The LNG project 18 Tcf will be developed with the first two interesting new liquids play has emerged record-low CO2 emissions of well-below 1 celebrations were ahead of Mozambique’s Trains, while a similar amount of in this part of Australia’s northwest shelf kilo per barrel. Equinor said the break- presidential elections set to take place on resources is held by the Area 4 licence. and we are looking forward to assessing even price for the full-field development October 15 and the progress of LNG The final investment decision on Area 1 the potential in our new permit,” said is less than $20 per barrel. After reaching investments is expected to boost support and the Mozambique LNG plant was Equinor’s McCafferty. The work plateau for the first phase, anticipated for President Filipe Nyusi. Exxon’s previously announced on the 18th June programme for the Equinor block during the summer of 2020, Equinor also Rovuma Basin stake, jointly held with 2019 and the project is expected to come includes geological and geophysical expects cash flow from operations of Italian firm Eni, will produce LNG from into production by 2024. The Area 1 studies, reprocessing of seismic data and around $50 per barrel, partly as a result three feed-gas reservoirs located in the shareholder line-up is as follows: Total new 3D seismic acquisition. Equinor of the phasing of tax payments in the Area 4 block offshore Mozambique’s operates Mozambique LNG alongside established an office in Australia in 2012 ramp-up phase. “The field will be northern coast. ExxonMobil is the lead Mozambican state-owned energy and is the operator for EPP39 and EPP40 operated from Equinor’s offices in company for the Mamba gas fields and company ENH (15 percent). Japan’s in the Ceduna Basin offshore South Stavanger, whereas base and helicopter LNG project development and costs are Mitsui owns 20 percent, India’s ONGC Australia. services will be delivered from Dusavika estimated at around $30 billion. Videsh, Bharat PetroResources and Beas and Sola. “The importance of this field for Production is scheduled for start-up in Rovuma Energy each hold 10 percent and EQUINOR, one of the main pipeline both the national and regional economies 2024. Area 4's consortium is formed by Thailand’s PTTEP 8.5 percent. natural gas suppliers to Europe and in Norway cannot be overstated,” said

12 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p7-22_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:28 Page 25

WORLD WIDE LEADER IN COMPOSITE HOSES & TRANSFER RISK MANAGEMENT

AFTER MORE THAN 14 YEARS IN COMMERCIAL SHIP TO SHIP OPERATIONS AND MORE THAN 40.000 REPORTED HOSE OPERATIONS, THE WORLD’S FIRST FULLY APPROVED LNG TRANSFER HOSE CONTINUES TO BE THE INDUSTRY LEADER.

GUTTELING GROUP - ROTTERDAM, THE NETHERLANDS / HOUSTON, USA WWW.GUTTELING.COM [email protected] p7-22_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:28 Page 26

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Arne Sigve Nylund, executive vice and has always worked extremely hard cargoes with five other facilities on the Alex Volkov, Vice President of Global president for Development and and delivered superior and diligent West Coast of India. These are Dahej, LNG Marketing at ExxonMobil, said the Production in Norway. “In the same year services to the group,” added Troim. Dabhol, Hazira, Mundra and Kochi to US major was delighted with the new that Norway celebrates 50 years since the “These services have been critical in the supply India’s growing natural gas needs. partnership. “Our cooperation with MISC Ekofisk discovery in 1969, which started transformation of Golar from an LNG Mundra has been mechanically is an integral part of ExxonMobil’s the oil and gas adventure in Norway, the shipping company to today’s LNG completed but is not yet commissioned. commitment to provide flexible solutions start-up of Johan Sverdrup lays the infrastructure company,” Troim Indian Oil is also pursuing city-gas in the open and dynamic LNG foundations for another 50 years of concluded. Golar Partners also announces projects and another East Coast LNG marketplace,” explained Volkov. industrial activity and value-creation on that it had appointed Ms. Georgina Sousa terminal, the Dhamra project in the state ExxonMobil's LNG expansion projects the Norwegian Continental Shelf,” added as a replacement for Michael Ashford as of Odisha, with Gas Authority of India. include the Golden Pass export plant in Nylund. The Johan Sverdrup field, the one of the General Partner’s three The Dhamra terminal when completed Texas and the Mozambique LNG joint third largest in the NCS, is being appointed directors. Ashford is also will serve city-gas and power projects as venture in southeast Africa. “The addition developed in two phases. Phase II of the retiring as Company Secretary and will well as industrial customers. of these two vessels will help us build a development was approved by Norwegian be replaced by Sousa. “The Board wishes ExxonMobil’s Indian cooperation accord competitive LNG value chain as authorities in May 2019 with production Michael well in his retirement and follows one signed on October 13 between ExxonMobil continues to grow its global start-up expected in the fourth quarter of thanks him for his service to the French energy major Total and India’s gas portfolio and expand supply positions 2022. company,” it said. industrial conglomerate, the Adani to meet evolving needs of our customers,” Group, to work on LNG, city-gas Volkov stated. During the signing of the GOLAR LNG, the carrier fleet owner, INDIAN OIL CORP., owner of the expansion and LNG fuel development. agreements in Houston, Texas, MISC was has announced key executive changes at only liquefied natural gas import Under the Adani-Total plan, the French represented by its Vice President of LNG two of its operating companies involving terminal on the East Coast of India at company will acquire a 37.4 percent stake Business, Zahid Osman, and ExxonMobil chief financial officer and chief executive Kamarajar Port in Tamil Nadu, has in Adani Gas Ltd, one of the four main by its Vice President for Global Marine positions. Golar said that after almost 20 signed an accord with ExxonMobil to distributors of city gas in India. Adani Commercial and Planning, Doug Grote. years of service with the Golar group cooperate on spreading the reach of Gas aims to expand its distribution of gas Graham Robjohns had decided to step natural gas availability in the country. in the next 10 years through its 38 NATURGY, the Spanish utility with down from his position as Chief Financial The US major said its Indian subsidiary concessions covering 7.5 percent of the Latin American assets and LNG volumes Officer at Golar LNG Ltd. “In order to signed a memorandum of understanding Indian population and build 1,500 retail from the US and Russia, and state-run facilitate a smooth transition, Robjohns with Indian Oil, whose current strength outlets for natural gas for vehicles. Algerian company Sonatrach have agreed will remain in his current position until is in oil refining, to further expand LNG to purchase the stake in the Medgaz April 30, 2020 while the search for his use and city gas in India. “What really MISC BERHAD, the Malaysian natural gas pipeline from Algeria to replacement proceeds,” said Golar. Golar matters is how we accelerate India’s shipping line with a liquefied natural gas Europe held by United Arab Emirates said that Robjohns would in the next six access to affordable, cleaner energy,” said carrier fleet of more than 30 vessels, said energy company Mubadala. Naturgy and months as CEO for the Golar partnership Bill Davis, Manager for ExxonMobil in it had signed time charters for two Sonatrach have entered into an be given a special task to look at South Asia. “We see great potential in the newbuild LNG carriers with ExxonMobil agreement with Mubadala for the structural opportunities to optimize the country,” added Davis. “This initiative Corp. “Each of the LNG carriers will acquisition of the 42.09 percent stake that value of the assets and the large order focuses on exploring new models of respectively serve the transportation it holds in Medgaz. Medgaz is the backlog. Additionally, Golar LNG delivering cost-effective natural gas in needs of ExxonMobil’s worldwide LNG company responsible for the operation of Partners said that with immediate effect India where it is most needed to portfolio on a 15-year charter contract,” the deep-water gas pipeline from Algeria Brian Tienzo would step down as CEO of complement traditional pipelines,” he said MISC. The two MISC carriers are to Europe through Spain. Following the Golar Partners and will focus full time on stated. Indian Prime Minister Narendra being built at the South Korean Samsung completion of the transaction, Medgaz Golar group financings. Robjohns will Modi in March 2019 inaugurated Indian Heavy Industries shipyard. MISC said will be entirely owned by Sonatrach with take on the role of Golar Partners CEO Oil’s LNG import terminal at Kamarajar. each vessel would have a capacity of 51 percent and Naturgy with the until April 30, 2020 while the search for a The Indian Oil facility has 5 million 174,000 cubic metres and will feature the remaining 49.0 percent. The deal also permanent replacement proceeds. tonnes per annum of import capacity and most modern XDF propulsion, a Mark III includes a shareholder agreement that “The journey with Golar from a small two tanks each with storage of 180,000 Flex Plus containment system and a full gives Naturgy and Sonatrach joint control LNG shipping company with six ships to cubic metres. The terminal is located re-liquefaction facility for higher of the pipeline and values all of Medgaz's where we are today has been exciting, about 25 kilometres north of Chennai efficiency. The LNG carriers are expected equity at 1.30 billion euro ($1.43Bln). interesting, challenging and fun in equal Port. Once imports increase, natural gas to be delivered in the first quarter of 2023. Sonatrach is also the owner and operator measure,” said Robjohns. “Golar has a will be supplied to industry in the Manali “This is certainly a landmark moment for of the gas pipeline from the Hassi R’Mel wonderful team of highly talented people area, including Madras Fertilizers Ltd., MISC, and we are proud to expand this gas fields to Beni Saf on the Algerian and the opportunities to create a very Chennai Petroleum Corp. and Tamil strategic partnership with ExxonMobil, coast, where it connects with Medgaz. The successful next chapter for Golar,” he Nadu Petroproducts. Kamarajar, formerly beginning with petroleum and now LNG,” Medgaz pipeline comes ashore at Almería added. “After 20 years however, I feel the one of India’s main coal ports and said MISC’s President and Group Chief in southern Spain and connects to the time is now right for change and for me to previously called Ennore, is India’s sixth Executive Yee Yang Chien. “With our Spanish transmission network operated seek new challenges outside of Golar. I LNG import terminal and is expected to broad spectrum of energy related by Enagas. “Naturgy will acquire 34.05 wish the company well and look forward spur industrial growth in the area. maritime solutions and services, MISC is percent of Medgaz for 445 million euros to seeing it flourish,” he stated. Chairman Indian Oil is the main stakeholder in confident of our ability to serve the through a special purpose vehicle, which of Golar LNG Partners, Olav Troim, said the facility, though other investors are the various needs of the global oil and gas can be opened to a financial partner thus Robjohns had been a very important part Indian private equity fund, IDFC industry,” he added. “We honour the trust reducing Naturgy's equity contribution,” of the management team since Golar Alternatives, and ICICI Bank, part of an and value the opportunity given for us to explained the Spanish company. LNG was first listed on the stock Indian multinational banking and support ExxonMobil in ensuring safe, It previously held a 14.95 percent exchange in 2000. “He has had several financial services based in Mumbai. The efficient and reliable transportation of financial stake in Medgaz and now sees key management positions in the group Kamarajar terminal is competing for LNG,” stated Yee. its shareholding as a strategic asset.

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FOR THE RECORD

Naturgy is one of the companies that extended the contract terms. Noble is Noble’s Eastern Mediterranean projects, President and Chief Executive of have signed 20-year agreements for US based in Houston, Texas and its partner expanding the long-term export demand International Seaways. Nakilat’s fleet is cargoes from Cheniere Energy’s Sabine in the operating Tamar field and the in the region,” said David L. Stover, the largest in the world, comprising 69 Pass and Corpus Christi plants and is Leviathan project, which is set to come on Noble’s Chairman and Chief Executive. LNG vessels and several other ships, also a main contract holder for cargoes stream by year-end, is the Israel company, “The supply flexibility between assets will including liquified petroleum gas carriers. from the Yamal LNG plant in Arctic the Delek Group. Noble and Delek have enable Tamar to continue producing at “Nakilat continues to be a very valued Russia operated by natural gas company also considered using some Leviathan high rates, while Leviathan grows rapidly INSW partner and remains an important Novatek. The US and Russian volumes natural gas volumes from the 22 trillion toward its initial capacity,” added Stover. part of our ongoing commitment to our were booked under Naturgy's previous cubic feet of reserves for a floating LNG “With first gas from Leviathan business relationships in Qatar,” added name, Gas Natural Fenosa. The Spanish production venture offshore Israel as well anticipated by the end of the year, this Zabrocky. “By monetizing our interest in company’s diverse LNG supply portfolio as supplying customers in Egypt and agreement provides further clarity to our the joint venture, we unlocked significant also includes shipments from nations Jordan. The amended pipeline gas 2020 cash flow profile and beyond,” the value for shareholders and further such as Algeria, Qatar and Nigeria. The agreements with Dolphinus now provides CEO stated. Noble added that the strengthened our balance sheet,” he company additionally owns a small fleet for total combined firm contract amended agreements are subject to stated. Jeff Pribor, the Seaways Chief of LNG carriers. “Overall it is a highly quantities of 3 Tcf of natural gas, more certain regulatory approvals. In addition, Financial Officer, said the “important attractive transaction for Naturgy, not than double the firm commitments Noble and its partners are working to transaction” positions Seaways to further only because it is a strategic previously agreed. In addition, each complete the acquisition of an interest in its capital allocation strategy. “Following infrastructure asset in which we notably pipeline agreement has been extended by the East Mediterranean Gas (EMG) our success growing and renewing our increase our control rights, but also due five years to reflect 15-year terms. pipeline from Arish in Egypt’s Sinai fleet, deleveraging and returning cash to to the financial terms achieved in the Beginning on the 1st of January 2020 and Peninsula to Askelon in Israel. This is shareholders remain our top priorities,” agreement,” said Francisco Reynés, throughout the contract term, Noble and expected to occur before the end of 2019. added Pribor. Executive Chairman of Naturgy. “The Delek have committed to supply the The pipeline had to cease operations Seaways owns and operates a fleet of transaction also reinforces Naturgy's volumes to Dolphinus in various sizes. several years ago due to sabotage in Sinai more than 40 vessels, including 13 very strategic alliance with Sonatrach and of From January to June 2020 the and gas shortages in Egypt. However, large crude carriers, two Suezmax vessels, Algeria with Spain,” said Reynés. Leviathan field will provide 200 million although originally intended for six Aframax ships, 12 Panamax vessels Algerian company Sonatrach is the cubic feet per day (MMcf/d) of natural gas. transporting gas from Egypt to Israel it and seven medium-range tankers. largest natural gas supplier to Spain by This will rise from July 1, 2020 to June can now be used to operate in the opposite Through other joint ventures, the US volume and is in turn the fourth largest 30, 2022 to 350 MMcf/d from Leviathan direction from Israel to Egypt. The shipowner also has interests in two shareholder in Naturgy with a 4 percent and 100 MMcf/d from the Tamar field. Leviathan and Tamar gas field partners, floating storage and offloading service stake. The completion of the transaction Then from July 2022 until the end of Noble and Delek, have agreed to pay a vessels. “This brings the total number of is expected to occur prior to the end of December 31, 2034, the Leviathan field total sum of $250 million for an vessels wholly-owned by Nakilat from 25 March 2020 subject to compliance with would supply 450 MMcf/d and Tamar 200 undertaking from the EMG pipeline to 29 LNG vessels, out of its overall fleet of certain conditions and approvals. MMcf/d. These contracts with Dolphinus owners to allow the transport of their 74 LNG and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) Naturgy said that Medgaz was expected replace the previous firm commitment of contracted natural gas to Egypt. As vessels,” said the Qatari company. With a to deliver dividends above 130 million 1.15 Tcf from the Leviathan field and the regards the LNG project, Noble and Delek cargo carrying capacity of 217,000 cubic euros per annum from 2021 onwards. previous interruptible quantity of 1.15 Tcf signed agreements in July 2019 with metres each, the four LNG carriers, from the Tamar field. Both contracts Golar LNG and Belgian shipping “Tembek”, “Al Hamla”, “Al Gattara” and “Al NOBLE ENERGY, the US company include take-or-pay commitments. During company Exmar to carry out engineering Gharrafa”. have been operated and with stakes in the Leviathan and Tamar the two-year period ended June 30, 2022, studies for a possible export project. Delek managed in-house by Nakilat’s ship natural gas fields in the East Leviathan will backstop any volume Drilling, a subsidiary of the Delek Group, management arm since 2014. Nakilat Mediterranean offshore Israel, said it had commitment that Tamar is unable to said it was studying the feasibility of Chief Executive Abdullah Al Sulaiti said doubled the volumes of its deals for sales deliver under the amended agreement. deploying an FLNG export plant offshore the 100 percent ownership acquisition of to Dolphinus Holdings of Egypt and “This agreement is a major step for Israel with between 2.4 million tonnes these four vessels comes as part of per annum and 5 MTPA of output. Nakilat’s long-term strategy to capitalize Diary of events on such strategic investment QATAR Gas Transport Co. and opportunities. “These vessels are chartered International Seaways, a leading US to our long-standing partner Qatargas, the December 2019 February 2020 tanker company providing vessels mostly world’s largest exporter of clean energy,” The CWC 20th Annual World LNG International Gas Union (IGU) for the crude oil and petroleum products added Al Sulaiti. In addition to LNG Summit & Awards Evening Research Conference For Gas 3 - 6 December 2019 Innovations markets, have concluded a deal whereby carriers and tankers, Nakilat interests Rome Cavalieri, Rome Italy 24 - 26 February 2020 Seaways has sold its stake in four Q-Flex include the ship repair and construction https://world.cwclng.com Oman Convention & Exhibition LNG carriers held in a joint venture with facilities at Erhama Bin Jaber Al Jalahma Centre, Muscat, January 2020 Sultanate of Oman QGTC, also known as Nakilat. The US Shipyard in Ras Laffan as part of joint European Gas Conference 2020 https://www.igrc2020.com company, listed on the New York Stock ventures with Nakilat-Keppel Offshore 27 - 29 January 2020 Exchange and whose headquarters are in and Marine (N-KOM) and Nakilat Damen Vienna Marriott Hotel, Parkring 12A, 1010 Vienna, Austria March 2020 New York City, sold its 49.9 percent Shipyards Qatar (NDSQ). https://eurogas.org/ 6th International LNG Congress ownership interest in its joint venture 2 - 3 March 2020 8th Annual Global LNG with Nakilat back to the Qataris for $123 QATAR Petroleum and ExxonMobil Tangla Hotel Brussels. Bunkering Summit 2020 Avenue Emmanuel Mounier 5, million in cash. “Nakilat and Seaways recently celebrated the 10th anniversary 28 - 30 January 2020 Woluwé St Lambert, Brussels 1200 worked in partnership to conclude this of the South Hook LNG import terminal Postillion Convention Centre Belgium Paul van Vlissingenstraat 8, transaction, demonstrating the high level that created an “energy bridge” from the https://lngcongress.com Amsterdam 1096, Netherlands of teamwork the companies have shared Middle East to the United Kingdom and https://www.oilandgasiq.com for over 15 years,” said Lois K. Zabrocky, was built at a cost of more than $1 billion

16 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p7-22_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:28 Page 29

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to handle up to 20 percent of UK natural LNG ships to berth and for LNG to be gives it assets in a growing South partners China National Offshore Oil gas needs. Qatar Petroleum President transferred into the five tanks at the American economy as well as in the Corp. and Tokyo Gas and produces 8.5 and Chief Executive Saad bin Sherida al- terminal. The engineering contractor was world’s leading exporter of copper. million tonnes per annum from two Kaabi praised the historic relations Chicago Bridge & Iron Company (CB&I) Trains. between Qatar and the UK in a speech in of the US, later taken over by McDermott SHELL has decided to make changes to London and stressed the importance of Inc. The first phase contract was worth its executive team in Australia as it faces SOUTH KOREA has lined up five the UK market to Qatar. “The UK is a $750 million for engineering, investment decisions in the months ahead shipping companies to make a pitch to very important market for Qatari LNG, procurement and construction while on multibillion-dollar natural gas Qatar to be the operators of the 60 new as it offers a friendly and attractive phase two awarded back in 2005 was projects. Among the moves, Shell LNG carriers the Gulf state has said it business environment, and a stable valued at $325M. Australia chairman Zoe Yujnovich is set needs to transport cargoes worldwide regulatory framework,” said Al-Kaabi. to be transferred to the Anglo-Dutch from the North Field gas expansion and “This is driven by the long and historic SEMPRA ENERGY, the California company’s headquarters in Netherlands construction of four new liquefaction relations that tie our two countries and utility and LNG sector participant with capital, The Hague. Yujnovich has said Trains at Ras Laffan. The five Korean people, on many levels and across all plants in Louisiana and Mexico, is that Australia was central to Shell’s LNG shipping companies seeking the Qatari walks of life,” he added. The event was expected to sell a second South American business and for its plans to move into business are Korea Line Corp., Pan Ocean attended by Yousef Ali al-Khater, Qatar’s power company to Chinese interests with cleaner and transitional energy. Her role Co., SK Shipping Co., Hyundai LNG envoy to the UK, and senior executives the sale of the Chilean Chilquinta in Australia will be filled by Tony Nunan, Shipping Co. and H-Line Shipping Co., from Qatar Petroleum, Qatargas and Energía business and its affiliates for who currently heads up the oil and gas according to the South Korean news ExxonMobil as well as from French major almost $3 billion. Sempra, based in San giant’s operations in eastern Australia, agency Yonhap. While South Korea's Total, which holds a small stake in the Diego, was said by investment bankers to including the Queensland Curtis LNG major shipbuilders such as Hyundai terminal. The next shipment set to arrive be close to a sale agreement to offload export plant. Shell said Yujnovich will Heavy Industries and Samsung Heavy at the terminal at Milford Haven in Wales Chilquinta Energía and Tecnored SA of take up a key role from January 2020 in Industries are considered the favourites is the 266,000 cubic metres capacity Q- Chile to State Grid Corp. of China. shaping future policy in conventional oil to take the LNG carrier construction Max carrier “Zarga” on October 12 Sempra, operator of the Cameron LNG and gas across 18 countries, excluding orders from Qatar, the shipping lines are carrying a shipment from Ras Laffan and plant in Louisiana, confirmed at the end Australia. She has led Shell Australia for cooperating with each other for the first at least two more are headed for the of September 2019 that it had sold its the past three years and in that time the time as a group in the hope of securing facility from Qatar before the end of majority stake in the Peruvian power company commissioned the US$10billion the contracts to operate the vessels. The October. The South Hook terminal was distribution company Luz del Sur to Prelude floating LNG project offshore South Korean report said that Seoul built as part of the Qatargas II project China Yangtze Power International for northwest Australia. The executive government officials had just visited the when mega-Trains were constructed at almost $3.6Bln in cash. Analysts said changes come ahead of Shell deciding the Qatari capital Doha and energy Ras Laffan to take Qatari output to 77 proceeds from the sale of the Luz del Sur future of the Arrow Energy’s Surat Basin cooperation and shipping were at the top million tonnes per annum and make the utility and Chile’s Chilquinta Energía coal-seam gas project and its commitment of the agenda. Qatar Petroleum has Gulf state the world’s largest producer. and Tecnored would be used to strengthen to backing Woodside Petroleum in already awarded front-end engineering Qatargas II’s Train 5 was the third mega- Sempra’s balance sheet and meet the ventures boosting LNG and natural gas and design contracts for the North Field Train to come on stream to coincide with growing capital needs of its core utilities production offshore and onshore Western expansion project's offshore pipelines and the completion of the first phase of the in California and Texas. The Cameron Australia. topsides facilities to liquefy and export an South Hook terminal in 2009. facility is one of three LNG export plants Shell also recently acquired an additional 33 million tonnes per annum “South Hook Terminal is a strategic Sempra is developing in the region, along Australian power company, the business of LNG. The scope of the onshore investment that supports the security of with Port Arthur LNG in Texas and the electricity retailer ERM Power, in a expansion at the Ras Laffan production energy supplies to one of the world’s most Costa Azul plant on the Pacific Coast of transaction worth US$415 million that complex involves an additional four dynamic and vibrant economies,” said Al- Mexico. provided evidence it was serious about Trains, each with 7.8 MTPA of output. Kaabi as he thanked Qatar’s LNG Sempra expects to become one of the launching into the broader energy This would take nameplate output up to partners as well as the local Welsh largest US exporters of LNG with retailing market in Eastern Australia. 110 MTPA from 77 MTPA when the authorities and senior officials in the UK targeted volumes of 45 million tonnes per Yujnovich said Shell’s business continued expansion is completed by around 2024. for their continued support. Three of the annum. Its main utilities in California to evolve with a focus on cleaner energy. The Qatari expansion amounts to more mega-Trains, each with 7.8 MTPA of include Southern California Gas Co. and “Around one-quarter of Shell’s global in volume than the LNG currently output, are owned solely by the Qatar it is trying to adapt its activities in the capital is invested in Australia, and it is produced individually by nations such as Petroleum and ExxonMobil joint state in the face of growing opposition to integral to our global strategy to lead in Malaysia and Indonesia. Qatar’s new ventures, while three others also have natural gas use. Sempra also owns the LNG and move into power to provide onshore facilities will receive about 4.6 significant shareholdings belonging to Texas utility business Oncor and assets in more and cleaner energy as the system billion standard cubic feet per day of feed ConocoPhillips, Total and Royal Dutch Mexico through its Infraestructura transitions from molecules to electrons in gas from the southern sector of Qatar's Shell. South Hook was built in two Energetica Nova (IEnova) subsidiary. the decades ahead,” she said. “Shell’s North Field gas reserves in the Gulf. phases, phase one commenced operations IEnova has stakes in major natural gas business in Australia has constantly Qatar Petroleum has already issued an in October 2009 and phase two in April pipelines taking US natural gas to evolved over the past 18 years, and I’ll invitation to tender for the reservation of 2010. It has a nameplate capacity of 15.6 Mexico. Sempra said in January 2019 pass on the baton to Tony inspired by the ship construction capacity mainly in MTPA of LNG and can supply up to 21 that it had decided to wind down its direction we’re heading to meet the South Korea for an initial 60 new LNG billion cubic metres of gas per annum into South American businesses and started changing needs of society,” Yujnovich said. carriers to transport its volumes from the the UK’s National Transmission System. the sale processes. The Sempra-State Nunan’s appointment as her replacement expansion at Ras Laffan and other The terminal location at Milford Haven is Grid China deal was expected to be was confirmed after QCLNG last projects such as its Golden Pass facility in one of the world’s deepest natural formally announced in the next week. celebrated the export of the 500th LNG the US Gulf Coast. Qatar Petroleum has harbours formed by the Pembroke Dock China’s buy-in to South American cargo LNG from its plant on Curtis Island asked executives of South Korean and Daugleddau Estuary. South Hook utilities corresponds with its expansion that came onstream in 2014. Shell’s QGC shipyards to free up berths in 2020 and includes a 1-kilometre jetty which enables strategy worldwide and the Chile deal business is a joint venture involving beyond for a wave of Qatari newbuilds.

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Samsung, Hyundai and Daewoo expecting more LNG volumes from Shipbuilding & Marine Engineering, Mozambique where it has a stake in the which is merging with Hyundai, specialize southeast African nation's onshore in constructing the Qatari Q-Flex and Q- production plant. Additionally, PTTEP has Max tanker with between 210,000 cubic purchased natural gas assets offshore metres and 266,000 cubic metres capacity. Malaysia from Murphy Oil of the US, Between 2004 and 2007, Qatar ordered 45 giving the Thais a stake in a floating LNG LNG carriers from the Korean yards when project planned by Malaysian energy Daewoo built 19 Qatari carriers, Samsung company Petronas. Thailand has said that constructed 18 vessels and Hyundai its current LNG strategy is underpinned received orders for eight ships. by plans to develop new markets in neighbouring southeast Asian countries THAILAND is building a new LNG and also includes small-scale LNG import terminal near the current Map Ta ventures. The Thai government said the Phut terminal in eastern Rayong province new LNG terminal at Map Ta Phut was with the first phase costing 28 billion one of “five mega infrastructure projects of baht ($913 million) and involving a joint the Eastern Economic Corridor”, including venture between Thai power company high-speed train links to Bangkok and U- Gulf Energy and state-owned Thai energy Tapao airports, the expansion of U-Tapao firm PTT. However, the Thai government airport and the extension of the Lam said that the driving force behind the Chabang deep sea port. venture would be the state’s Industrial Estate Authority of Thailand (IEAT) and US natural gas flows out of the the new onshore terminal project would Appalachian shale-gas basins into the be called the Map Ta Phut Phase 3 rest of the country have continued to grow Project. It would include the signing of and averaged more than 16 billion cubic the Public Private Partnership (PPP) feet per day last month and proved useful contract with the joint venture in filling supply gaps as domestic use and established by the Gulf PTT Tank LNG exports increase. The outflow of Consortium and PTT. Gulf Energy would natural gas from areas such as the own 70 percent of the terminal project Marcellus Shale was between 1-2 Bcf per and PTT would hold 30 percent. The Gulf day more than in previous months of Group manages a portfolio of gas-fired 2019, according to a report from the and renewable power projects that serve Energy Information Administration. “The both the Electricity Generating Authority movement of natural gas has increased as of Thailand (EGAT) and private natural gas spot prices have declined in customers in Thailand’s main industrial the Northeast and as production in zones. Currently, Gulf Energy has 25 Appalachia has continued to grow,” said power projects in operation in Thailand, the EIA. The report noted that during the including gas-fired and other thermal and past three weeks, natural gas prices at renewable facilities and two solar projects Appalachian supply hubs such as in Vietnam. “The construction period of Dominion South in Pennsylvania and infrastructure will not exceed three Tennessee Zone 4 Marcellus, fell from years,” said the government on the LNG about $2 per million British thermal terminal building schedule. “The project units in mid-September to lows of 76 including a port and the LNG terminal cents per MMBtu and 65 cents per would be built on reclaimed land to MMBtu, respectively, on October 4. “The facilitate shipments of LNG volume of not resulting average price difference of $1.59 less than 5 million tonnes per annum (for per MMBtu lower than the Henry Hub LNG terminal phase 1) and up to 10.8 national benchmark was the widest price MTPA at a later stage,” it added. gap since October 5, 2018,” said the EIA. The LNG terminal phase 1 has an “In both instances, Northeastern investment cost not exceeding 28 billion pipelines had declared ‘force majeure’ - a baht and is expected to be completed by declaration used when unforeseeable 2023. The whole terminal would be events prevent companies from fulfilling completed by 2025 with a total cost put at their contractual obligations,” the report 40.9 billion baht ($1.3Bln). The existing explained. Lower prices in recent weeks import terminal at Map Ta Phut has 11.5 have resulted in more favorable MTPA and has been in operation since economics for transporting natural gas 2011 with cargoes imported from nations volumes from the Northeast to other such as Qatar, Trinidad and the US. regional demand markets, notably those Energy firm PTT’s subsidiary, PTT in the South Central and Midwest Exploration and Production (PTTEP), is regions.

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FOR THE RECORD

Natural gas spot prices in what Lower 48 projects could reach FID management plan amendments” and contain huge volumes of undiscovered southwestern Pennsylvania, at Dominion in 2020 are all on the Texas and requested additional time. technically recoverable continuous South, and in northeastern Pennsylvania, Louisiana coast,” said Riedl. He named A notice of availability of the final EIS resources of natural gas. The US at Tennessee Zone 4 Marcellus, typically the five projects as the Delfin venture for for Jordan Cove LNG would now be due on Geological Survey, a scientific agency of averaged 20 cents per MMBtu to 50 cents floating LNG offshore Louisiana with 15th November 2019 and a final order has the government and the only provider of per MMBtu lower than Henry Hub prices future capacity of 13 million tonnes per been scheduled for 13th of February 2020. publicly available estimates of in the Spring and Summer seasons and annum; NextDecade’s Rio Grande project The previous 2019 delay imposed on undiscovered technically recoverable oil this discount began to widen in August. in Brownsville, Texas, with 27 MTPA of the Jordan Cove venture was in March and gas resources in onshore lands and “In September, the average natural gas output; the Lake Charles project owned and was blamed on the 35-day partial offshore state waters, said in a new report spot prices at these hubs was 83 cents per by Energy Transfer and Royal Dutch shutdown of the federal government at that the Marcellus and Utica shale MMBtu lower than the Henry Hub Shell with production of up to 16.45 the start of the year. formations in the Appalachian Basin average, and the difference to Henry Hub MTPA; Tellurian Inc’s Driftwood plant The Jordan Cove venture's facilities contain an estimated 214 trillion cubic widened to an average of $1.59 per with 27.6 MTPA; and the small-scale would also include two full-containment feet of undiscovered gas. Analysts note MMBtu lower on October 4,” stated the Magnolia facility near Lake Charles with LNG storage tanks with total capacity of that the amount of shale gas mentioned EIA. “Similarly, the price gap between 8.8 MPTA planned. 320,000 cubic metres, gas treating would be enough to support over a dozen Appalachian Basin natural gas spot Riedl stated that the US must export facilities, an export jetty and access to additional large LNG projects if the prices and those at the Chicago Citygate and keep moving its gas to foreign more than 25 billion cubic feet per day of resources were ever produced. About 1 Tcf widened from 20 cents per MMBtu markets where there is high demand. gas supply from Western Canada and the of proven gas reserves is required to MMBtu earlier in 2019 to 94 cents per “Domestic gas consumption today is US Rockies. The FERC has already produce 1 million tonnes per annum of MMBtu on October 4,” it added. The estimated at about 27 trillion cubic feet concluded in its draft EIS that LNG for a 20-year period. That’s as agency’s report added that flows of per year, while gas production is constructing and operating the Jordan “significant amounts of natural gas” are natural gas from the Northeast into the approaching 60 billion cubic feet per day Cove would result in temporary, long- already known or have been produced Midwest demand markets have grown in the Permian Basin and Marcellus and term and permanent impacts on the and used from the Marcellus and Utica primarily because of increased use of the Utica shales alone,” explained Riedl. environment. However, the regulator Shales since the previous USGS Rover and Rockies Express pipelines. “There’s more gas than we possibly know noted that many of these impacts would assessments. “The USGS assessments are Increased flows on these pipelines what to do with,” he stated He described a not be significant or would be reduced to for remaining resources and exclude coincided with an explosion on the Texas recent visit to the Baltic state of less than significant levels with the known and produced oil and gas,” Eastern Transmission (TETCO) pipeline Lithuania, which has a floating LNG implementation of proposed and explained the report. The natural gas in (1.7 Bcf/d capacity) on August 1, which import facility at the Baltic port of suggested mitigation measures. these formations is classified as forced rerouting of southbound TETCO Klaipeda. “It’s an interesting dynamic to The FERC did note that the project continuous, or contiguous, because it is flows of natural gas out of the Northeast see the desire for gas there, and how owner, Pembina Pipeline, would spread throughout the assessed rock onto other pipelines. “However, volumes much these markets that have been implement an “Erosion Control and layers instead of being concentrated in delivered to the Midwest have continued dependent on ‘bad actors’ such as Russia Revegetation Plan”, “Wetland and discrete accumulations. Production to rise despite TETCO returning to that supplied gas for so long are anxious Waterbody Construction and Mitigation techniques like directional drilling and partial service in late August,” it added. to get LNG from the US,” said Riedl. “The Procedures” and “Upland Erosion Control, hydraulic fracturing are required to “The explosion on the TETCO system reliability that we offer is just a different Revegetation, and Maintenance Plans” as produce these shale-gas and oil resources. limited southbound capacity out of the environment when you travel abroad to well as other impact avoidance, “Watching our estimates for the Northeast, but flows from the Northeast Europe and what we can provide on an minimization and mitigation measures. Marcellus rise from 2 trillion cubic feet to through the Midwest region to South international level in terms of energy As proposed, the LNG plant would be 84 trillion and to 97 trillion in under 20 Central demand markets have increased,” security,” he added. He noted that to date visited by about 120 LNG carriers per years demonstrates the effects American said the report. “Southbound flows on the the US had already exported gas to about year and Pembina has confirmed that it ingenuity and new technology can have,” Tennessee Gas Pipeline and Columbia 35 countries and there were others had signed preliminary accords with Jera said USGS Director Jim Reilly. “Knowing Gulf Pipeline were flowing at or near full seeking shipments. Co Inc. and Itochu Corp. of Japan for where these resources are located and capacity for most of September,” it added. the supply of LNG. The US Coast Guard how much exists is crucial to ensuring our US Federal Energy Regulatory has already issued a Letter of nation’s energy independence,” stated US liquefied natural gas industry Commission staff have been forced to Recommendation indicating that the Coos Reilly. spokesman Charlie Riedl, Executive delay completion of an environmental Bay Federal Navigation Channel would be The Marcellus and the Point Pleasant Director of the Washington DC-based impact statement (EIS) for the Jordan considered suitable for the LNG marine Basin of the Utica are extensive industry lobbying group, the Center for Cove liquefied natural gas export facility traffic associated with the project. The formations that cover parts of the states Liquefied Natural Gas, said he expected and its affiliated Pacific Connector FERC added that the feed-gas pipeline of Kentucky, Maryland, New York, Ohio, five export projects along the Gulf Coast Pipeline planned for the northwest state would originate at interconnections with Pennsylvania, Virginia and West to take positive final investment decisions of Oregon. The Jordan Cove project is existing pipeline systems in Klamath Virginia. “This is a significant increase in the next 12 months after just two were proposed by Pembina Pipeline Corp. of County in Oregon and would span parts of from the previous USGS assessments of sanctioned in 2019. Riedl said at a Canada for Coos Bay in Oregon. The plant Klamath, Jackson, Douglas, and Coos both formations,” said the report. “Since conference in New Orleans that more would comprise five small-scale counties before connecting with the LNG our assessments in 2011 and 2012, investment moves were pending. The two liquefaction Trains each with 1.5 million plant. The Pacific Connector would be industry has improved upon their LNG export ventures that have been tonnes per annum of output for a total of around 230 miles in length and have a 36- development techniques for continuous given the go-ahead this year are the 7.8 MTPA. According to a notice issued in inch diameter with capacity to transport resources like the shale gas in the Golden Pass project in Texas, backed by the Federal Register, the US Forest up to 1.2 billion cubic feet of natural gas Appalachian Basin,” added the report. Qatar Petroleum and ExxonMobil, and Service said it “only recently received per day. “That technological advancement, plus the Calcasieu Pass plant in Louisiana critical information from the project all of the geological information we’ve proposed by the Arlington, Virginia-based proponent that is necessary for it to US shale basins underpinning rising US gained from the last several years of firm Venture Global. “Our best guess as to complete its land and resource LNG exports and domestic gas use production, have allowed us to greatly

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FOR THE RECORD

expand our understanding of these liquefaction and export capacity of around Express pipeline would have output GCL Petroleum Holding and at least one formations,” it explained. The Marcellus 20 million tonnes per annum and a total capacity of 24 MTPA. The proposed Delta other unnamed company, would hold Shale also contains an estimated 1.5 peak achievable capacity of 24 MTPA. and Plaquemines plants are stand-alone about 20 percent of two facilities. Poly- billion barrels of natural gas liquids, “The project will be constructed in two projects with no shared facilities and are GCL Petroleum is a Chinese integrated while the Point Pleasant-Utica Shale phases, each phase designed with a under different development schedules. oil and gas company specializing in contains an estimated 1.8 billion barrels nameplate liquefaction and export The Delta export terminal will be on land exploration and development, storage of oil and 985 million barrels of natural capacity of 10 MTPA and a peak capacity owned by the Port of Plaquemines and the and transportation with interests in gas liquids. Natural gas liquids are of 12 MTPA under optimal operating Delta Express Pipeline would extend Africa. liquid hydrocarbons like propane, butane conditions,” said the FERC order. There northwesterly for 281 miles, crossing “The Shandong project would build a or ethane. Undiscovered resources are will be 18 liquefaction blocks in the plant private land in 14 parishes. With Venture public service platform for natural gas those that have been estimated to exist design with nine blocks constructed Global pursuing three projects in storage and transportation in northern based on geology and other data. during each phase. “Each phase of Louisiana, it said in July 2019 that it had China,” said Poly-GCL. “It will become an Technically recoverable resources, construction will take approximately 35 already raised a total of $2.8 billion in important part of the national natural meanwhile, are those that can be months to complete, with initial financing and much more would be gas network to provide gas storage and produced using today’s standard operations beginning approximately 24 needed as it presses ahead with plans to peak services for Shandong and its industry practices and technology. “This months after the start of construction, as produce 56 MTPA from its three plants. neighboring provinces in accordance with is different from reserves, which are each liquefaction block will be placed into Venture Global most recently raised $675 the LNG and market demand of each those quantities of oil and gas that are service after completion,” it added. “Phase million of additional capital from “world- region,” added Poly-GCL. “The project currently profitable to produce,” said the II construction would begin 12 months class institutional investors” to be used will have a master plan and be report. The USGS said its Marcellus and after the start of Phase I construction,” primarily for the further development of implemented by stages,” the company Point Pleasant-Utica Shale assessments stated the regulator. the Plaquemines plant. Analysts say that stated. Executives said that the first were undertaken as part of a nationwide The Plaquemines project will also the cost of bringing one large-scale LNG phase would cost around $1.1 billion and project assessing domestic petroleum include four LNG storage tanks with a liquefaction and export plant on stream would comprise various facilities and 5 basins using standardized methodology capacity of around 200,000 cubic metres with associated facilities and around 27 MTPA of capacity. There would be an and protocols. and three marine loading berths each MTPA of production is estimated at over LNG-dedicated port area, an LNG berth designed to accommodate LNG carriers of $25 billion. able to receive carriers with up to VENTURE GLOBAL, the 120,000 to 185,000 cubic metres capacity. 266,000 cubic metres capacity, a trans- developer of the Plaquemines LNG export Other facilities to be constructed are two YANTAI PORT Group, the Chinese shipment berth and five 200,000 cubic plant in Louisiana proposed for river 710-megawatt electric power generation cargo transportation, warehousing and metres storage tanks. A second phase is mile-marker 55 on the west side of the plants with one built during each phase. harbour management company in the expected to be under construction by Mississippi River, 30 miles south of New Venture Global’s most advanced plant in northeast province of Shandong just 2024 and would comprise two LNG Orleans, has been authorized to proceed terms of development is at Calcasieu Pass south of Beijing, plans to take part in up berths for the largest carriers, and five with construction by the Federal Energy in Louisiana with current nameplate to three liquefied natural gas storage and more 200,000 cubic metres storage tanks, Regulatory Commission. The Mississippi export volumes of 12 MTPA. Calcasieu terminal projects to be completed expanding Yantai LNG’s total receiving River plant is one of three being Pass is expected to come on stream in between 2022 and 2025. Executives said capacity from both projects to 10 MTPA. developed by Arlington, Virginia-based 2022, along with associated facilities, that government approvals for two of the Yantai Port is also investing in a separate Venture Global. The FERC gave the go- including the TransCameron Pipeline. ventures were expected to be received by 5 MTPA storage and terminal project ahead for the construction and operating Venture Global is owned by former Yantai Port by year-end, one of China’s backed by China National Petroleum of the plant at Plaquemines Parish, along investment banker Michael Sabel and industrial and petrochemical hubs. Corp. with a start-up date set for 2022. with its associated Gator Express pipeline lawyer Robert Pender, who act as joint Yantai Port and a joint venture partner Yantai would take a 49 percent stake in inter-connected with the Tennessee Gas chief executives. The third project in the called Yantai LNG plans to offer contracts that project with CNPC holding the Pipeline and the Texas Eastern company’s portfolio is the Delta plant for the building of two facilities, each with majority share of 51 percent, likely Transmission pipeline. Plaquemines LNG with a site also on the Mississippi River. 5 million tonnes per annum of capacity. through its Hong Kong-listed affiliate is designed with a total nameplate The Delta project and its associated Delta Yantai LNG, whose owners include Poly- PetroChina. n LNG Journal & Gas to Power Journal Subscription Package The journals’ comprehensive coverage is dedicated to the entire gas-value-chain. In addition to our LNG Journal & Gas to Power Journal Daily newsletters, each plat- form provides exclusive, accurate and up-to-date news and analysis divided in the following sector-focused publications:

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22 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p23-28_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:36 Page 1

FORECASTS

Global LNG buyers and suppliers continue with the yearly industry stand-off in Japan and give forecasts

With the Japanese terminals receiving fewer cargoes again there are more volumes available for other buyers in Asia

The annual insight into the friendly Birol provided a background briefing on a jousts between liquefied natural gas natural gas LNG market outlook. buyers and LNG producers, including Then, keynote addresses were National Oil Companies and oil and gas delivered by the largest ever number of majors, was apparent at the latest eighth minister-level speakers at 13 before an gathering for the LNG Producer- “Energy Dialogue” session. Consumer Conference 2019. While the Japanese Ministry of Volumes Economy, Trade and Industry and the Some speaker estimated that by 2040, Asia Pacific Energy Research Center LNG was expected to exceed the volumes sponsored the conference, the private of natural gas delivered by pipeline and sector cooperated with the managing of would make up the bulk of the gas the event. trading sector for the first time. The Institute for Energy Economics in Half century Japan gave its overview and opinion on The eighth conference was convened in the Tokyo conference and the future Tokyo again after the seventh one in 2018 direction of the LNG market. was held in Nagoya. The number of participants exceeded Path of Japan’s LNG shipments (Bcm) with less regasification needed Given that this year marks the 50th 1,100, highlighting it as one of the world’s anniversary since Japan launched LNG most representative conferences on LNG. commonly recognized that LNG demand Particularly in countries where LNG imports, the conference reviewed the past The IEEJ found that some aspects would expand mainly in Asian emerging demand is expected to expand due to half century and discussed how the of the discussions were “particularly markets. The problem is how fast and far growing switching from coal, the problem market would develop in the future. impressive”. the market would expand,” stated the of price competitiveness was seen as very According to “LNG Journal” estimates, “First, talks focused on the significance IEEJ. important. Japan is on track to import around 78.05 of Asia as the center of the LNG market “At the same time, how to realize the million tonnes for all of 2019, if the expected to develop further,” said the Affordable supply side’s investments meeting volumes received in the remaining three IEEJ report. “This problem is important because LNG demand expansion while satisfying the months are in line with last year. “While Japan, South Korea and supply growth has exceeded demand demand side’s needs is a problem,” stated That would be 4.82MT less than the Taiwan as traditional LNG importers expansion in a manner to result in the IEEJ. 82.85MT imported in 2018 and the retain their key positions in the global oversupply and spot LNG price falls,” it 83.63MT of cargoes delivered in 2017. LNG market, emerging markets added. Sustainable Following opening addresses by including China, India, Southeast Asia “Various factors exerting influence on “Important here is how to secure Japanese Economy, Trade and Industry and South Asia will hold the key to LNG the pace of Asian LNG demand expansion sustainable development where natural Minister Isshu Sugawara and Qatari market growth,” it added. were pointed out at the conference,” said gas-LNG producers and consumers would Minister for Energy Affairs Saad Sherida the report. co-exist and co-prosper,” added the report. Al-Kaabi, Symbolic The affordability and competitiveness The second points of interest came International A symbolic point is that China is of LNG prices attracted the attention of from opinions on future LNG demand Energy While expected to replace Japan as conference participants. growth and the extent and speed of the world’s largest LNG “Given that LNG demand is expected switching from coal to LNG or how strong traditional LNG importer at some time to expand mainly in emerging countries responses to environmental problems in the future. with relatively lower income, a potential would be. importers retain their While Asia drives problem would be that their consumers “Japan’s 50-year LNG history indicates LNG import could fail to pay for LNG at prices above that responses to air pollution have been key positions in the expansion, certain levels,” explained the IEEJ. a key driver of LNG introduction and importing “Participants in the conference were demand expansion,” said the IEEJ report. global LNG market, countries will conscious that the problem of “The driver is apparently working or increase and be affordability may exist from the viewpoint expected to work in China, India, emerging markets diversified, with of absolute price levels. The problem of Southeast Asia and South Asia. Many emerging importers competitiveness is also important and participants in the conference also will hold the key replacing traditional closely related to affordability,” added the pointed to LNG’s compatibility with ones as major players. report. renewable energy promoted as clean to LNG market Such structural In many emerging countries, limited energy,” it added. Agency changes will coincide with pipeline natural gas supplies and LNG “As renewable energy is a domestically Executive growth market expansion. are in competition to coal and in some produced energy source free from CO2, Director Fatih “Participants in the conference cases to renewable energy. and as renewable energy power

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FORECASTS

generation costs have declined rapidly in In this way, discussions at the talks at the Oxford Energy Seminar in simple driver of growth for natural gas- recent years, renewable energy including conference indicated that LNG would the UK. LNG in Europe,” it added. solar photovoltaics and wind has play an even greater role in Asia as “Amid energy transition toward ‘net The decarbonization problem was little expanded fast,” stated the report. environmental protection measures zero’ greenhouse gas emissions under discussed in the LNG Producer- including air pollution countermeasures European policy, natural gas would be Consumer Conference. Greater role make progress amid transition to a low- subjected to decarbonization and replaced But decarbonization may become a “At the same time, how to respond to the carbon energy system in Asia. with biogas, synthetic gas or green/blue topic at the annual conference in the intermittency of renewable energy supply However, discussions at the conference hydrogen,” said the report. future. has been growingly recognized as focused on LNG development and “This would represent a great “Third, participants in the conference important. Flexible natural gas-fired expansion in Asia and failed to cover the transformation for the existing natural indicated their expectations that the LNG power generation is expected to play a key impact of thorough environmental gas-LNG business. In this sense, market would enhance its flexibility and role in adjusting fluctuations of renewable protection measures, including environmental problems would be a liquidity as the market’s development energy power generation,” it noted. decarbonization, contrasting with earlier driver of such transformation rather a coincides with its structural change,” said the IEEJ.

Environment “As the overall energy market environment grows uncertain or unclear, calls are growing for enhancing the flexibility of the LNG market. Flexibility and liquidity are increasing as indicated by the expansion of US LNG featuring a flexible supply and pricing mechanism different from the traditional indexation of LNG prices to crude oil prices, the deepening efforts to repeal the destination clause for LNG contracts and the rapid growth of spot LNG transactions,” explained the IEEJ. “Electricity and gas market deregulation, which has been accelerated in Japan and implemented gradually in other Asian countries, is bringing about market changes,” it said. “In Europe where market deregulation has been realized earlier, a flexible, deep natural gas-LNG market has grown, allowing LNG imports to expand on recent declines in spot LNG prices,” said the report. In addition, the enhancement of the global LNG market’s flexibility and liquidity is expected to contribute to improving LNG supply security through the further development of market functions. Various arguments for promoting the market’s flexibility and liquidity were ,KE/dΠͬWZD>/ ,KE/dΠͬWZD>/ &dhZ^K& made at the conference. ^hWWKZd^ DdZ/>/^WWZKs ,KE/dΠͬWZD>/ “Particularly, it was pointed out that the standardization of LNG contract ¾ &ůŽĂƚŝŶŐ>E<ƐƚŽƌĂŐĞ ƚĂŶŬ ¾ ¾ '> 'ĞƌŵĂŶŝƐĐŚĞƌ>ůŽLJĚ >ŽǁƐƉĞĐŝĨŝĐ ǁĞŝŐŚƚ terms and conditions would be ¾ ¾ ,ŝŐŚĐŽŵƉƌĞƐƐŝǀĞ ƐƚƌĞŶŐƚŚ ¾ >E'ĨƵĞů ƚĂŶŬƐƵƉƉŽƌƚ s ƵƌĞĂƵ sĞƌŝƚĂƐ significant,” it said. ¾ Es Ğƚ EŽƌƐŬĞ sĞƌŝƚĂƐ ¾ tĂƚĞƌ ƌĞƐŝƐƚĂŶƚ ¾ WƌŝƐŵĂƚŝĐ >E'ĂŶĚ >W'ƚĂŶŬƐ “Based on European experiences with ¾ >Z >ůŽLJĚDzƐ ZĞŐŝƐƚĞƌ ¾ >ŽǁƚŚĞƌŵĂůĐŽŶĚƵĐƚŝǀŝƚLJ natural gas trade development, future ;ƵƉ ƚŽ ϮϱϬ͘ϬϬϬŵϹĂŶĚ ŵŽƌĞͿ ¾ 'dd 'ĂnjƚƌĂŶƐƉŽƌƚ͕dĞĐŚŶŝŐĂnj ¾ >ŽǁĐŽĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶƚ ŽĨ ĨƌŝĐƚŝŽŶ initiatives on this issue taken by relevant ¾ ¾ /E/^KϵϬϬϭ͗ϮϬϬϴ ¾ dĞŵƉĞƌĂƚƵƌĞ ƐƚĂďŝůŝƚLJ ŝůŽďĞ͕^W͕WƌŝƐŵĂƚŝĐ͕ business operators and stakeholders may ¾ ^ŵĞƌŝĐĂŶƵƌĞĂƵ ¾ >ŽǁĐŽĞĨĨŝĐŝĞŶƚ ŽĨ ůŝŶĞĂƌ LJůŝŶĚĞƌ͕>E'͕>W'͕ƚŚLJůĞŶĞ͕ attract attention,” it added. ŽĨ ^ŚŝƉƉŝŶŐ ĞdžƉĂŶƐŝŽŶ ŚĞŵŝĐĂůƚĂŶŬƐ “It may be hoped that the LNG market would develop more soundly, mainly in Asia while overcoming various challenges,” concluded the IEEJ ttt͘,K͘ ttt͘WZD>/,K͘K͘h< report. n

24 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p23-28_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:36 Page 3

IMPORTS

Changing position of LNG-fueled power plants in the Japanese wholesale electricity market

J-Power explains where LNG stands in relation to the nation’s current energy mix

Japan had been known for a long time as All nuclear plants were enforced to a country with a well balanced mix of halt their operations whereby 30 percent power generation consisting of nuclear, of electricity supplies were replaced with coal, LNG, oil, hydroelectric and other other resources. renewables including solar and wind. After 2011, the most significant The composition has changed increase of electricity generation source drastically since the Fukushima nuclear has been LNG. accident happened in March 2011 and is Unused generating capacity of LNG- still set to change in the next decade fueled plants as a middle-load supplier under the requirements of the Paris enabled the rapid increase of supply after Agreement on global warming and nuclear plants were being halted. emissions pledges. Another significant change was an increase of renewable electricity. Driven Positions by a generous feed-in-tariff, renewable LNG generation declined by 8 percent from 2016 while total and coal LNG-fueled power generation has electricity, especially solar increased its generation experienced slight decreases. LNG consumption in the power sector fell more sharply by 11 percent and future volumes are uncertain changed its position and role the most in capacity and generating output. Japan’s generation mix. Electricity demand has barely restarted and even new nuclear capacity declining trajectory of LNG generation Many factors affect the position of the increased after 2011 for various reasons. to be added in order to achieve more than and fuel consumption. various generation fuels or technology in 20 percent of supply as stable low-carbon LNG generation declined by 8 percent the electricity supply system. Black-outs generation. from 2016 while total and coal generation Therefore, it would be difficult to We experienced rolling black-outs after the The increase of nuclear means a experienced slight decreases. LNG predict the impacts of each factor earthquake which stipulated enhancing reduction of the LNG portion by more consumption in the power sector declined affecting the position of LNG-fueled energy savings and energy efficiency. than 10 percent which is equivalent to the more sharply by 11 percent. generation precisely, even with detailed It is said that electricity demand will level before 2011. Three factors are critical in positioning computer model simulations. decline or not increase in the long term. However, the policy target is not LNG-fueled power plants within the However, trying to illustrate major LNG currently supply almost 40 directly reflected in the immediate electricity market. factors impacting LNG’s position, percent, the largest portion of electricity business plans of the power companies. including nuclear, renewables, policy supply in Japan and shares a certain A regulation of the power sector Nuclear targets, regulations and competition with portion of baseload with coal, especially in requires the annual filing of a 10-year One issue is what will happen with the other generation types, especially coal, regions where nuclear is absent. electricity generation plan by every nuclear plants currently offline. Nuclear would be helpful to understand both the However, this situation could be generating company. is the most uncertain factor affecting not uncertainty of the position of LNG power transitional or unstable for the future Aggregation of the supply plan in 2028 only electricity supply but also emissions plants and future LNG demand in because policy intentions might change shows a different picture from the policy reduction and energy security. Japan’s power sector. the structure again. target. Just before Fukushima accident in After the oil crisis in the 1970s, Japan’s The Government of Japan’s revised Because the supply plan of each 2011, 55 nuclear units were operational. energy policy focused on reducing Basic Energy Plan published in July 2018 generator is revised every year, reliability After the accident followed by dependency of oil but towards includes expected generation composition of the latter half of the 10-year periods introduction of new safety regulation, all diversification of energy resources, towards 2030. may be low. units stopped their operation. Since then, aiming to stabilize electricity generating The policy is purported to return to a the owners of 22 units have decided to cost and energy security. balanced mixture while achieving Japan’s Social issues decommission while 33 units still exist. greenhouse-gas emissions reduction The aggregation result shows uncertainty As of July 2019, only nine units, Balance target, which is a 26 percent reduction on nuclear restarts in the long term due consisting of 9.1 gigawatts have received The balanced mixture had successfully from 2013 level. to regulatory and social issues. approval from Nuclear Regulatory helped stabilize electricity supply and This mixture target represents the Planned nuclear generation in 2028 Agency (NRA) and become operational. reducing fuel cost volatility. most important concept of Japan’s energy remains low and fossil fuels: coal and Other six units are not in operation Until 2010, the balanced mixture gave policy: balancing policy concerns of energy LNG share major parts of the supply. due to technical and social issues different roles to each energy resources. security, environmental protection, One notable point is that LNG is although they have already received Nuclear and coal supplied base load, economical affordability and safety, often expected to decline significantly while approval from the NRA. LNG took mainly for middle load, and oil described as “3Es plus S”. coal increases in spite of nuclear restart Another 12 units including two under and reservoir-pumped hydro-power uncertainty in the long term. construction are under the process of maintained their position as a peak load. Restarts The average capacity factor of the LNG safety assessment by NRA. Several units The Great Eastern Japan Earthquake The significant difference from current power plant fleet will drop to 35 percent have not filed safety assessment to NRA. and Fukushima Nuclear Accident in composition of the mix are nuclear from the current 50 percent, while coal Safety assessment to comply with new March 2011 caused drastic change to its and LNG. will remain over 70 percent. nuclear regulation set after Fukushima electricity generating composition. Government plans expect nuclear to be Recent statistics also support the accident is a lengthy process.

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IMPORTS

Additional investments to satisfy the Coal has been given an important role new regulations are costly and need time in energy mix as well as generation for construction. portfolio in Japan, since it has a relatively stable prices per heat value and is Critical sourced mostly from geopolitically stable Moreover, social acceptance by host countries in the world. communities, especially local government The coal price has been always lower is a critical factor for the restart of than LNG in Japan and coal has shared nuclear units, even after approval from the base-load position in the generating the NRA. sector. Nuclear had been a key base-load It means majority of coal plants are generation in Japanese generation producing most of the time. On the other mixture and is still expected not only to hand, LNG is priced higher as a be a base-load but to be a key element of generation fuel and some plants are not low-carbonization in the generating sending out during off-peak times, so sector. LNG’s position is as middle load. However, uncertainty caused by the For LNG, we have experienced large The price of coal has been lower than that of LNG in Japan. Coal has shared regulatory processes and social differences between the Japan LNG the base load position in the generation sector while gas-fired plants have lost off-peak time, putting LNG in a middle-load position acceptance makes it difficult to predict import Cocktail (JLC): average import how much capacity will come online and price to Japan, and the Japan Korea coal plants in variable cost, affordable merit order. when and where they will restart. Marker (JKM). LNG price ranges would be higher. Even if some LNG-fueled plants are Since nuclear units have low variable Low JKM prices in recent months As coal prices have no linkages to LNG competitive to coal-fueled plants, it would costs. As LNG has a higher cost than coal reached almost the same level with coal. prices, differences between the generating not be a guarantee for LNG plants. A in most occasions, nuclear restarts and We should carefully look at differences cost of coal and LNG have fluctuated comparison with the wholesale market shut-downs would have more impact on of prices and meaning between the JLC significantly during the last decade. prices would also be important for better LNG than on coal. and JKM. Again, we must be careful whether we understanding of the position of LNG- In the long run, nuclear is expected to should consider JLC or JKM as fuel fueled plants. gradually come back into the generation Technology prices for generators, since there is a portfolio to a certain extent. When considering the competitiveness of large gap between JLC and JKM. Uncertain Japan started Feed-in-Tariff (FIT) in LNG to coal, technological differences Before the plunge of oil and gas prices In general, LNG is a more promising and 2012 to promote renewable generating must not be ignored. at the end of 2014, generating cost cleaner fossil fuel for the electricity capacity deployment. Coal-fueled power basically uses steam differences were US$40 to US$60 per generation sector as it emits less CO2 and Generous FIT successfully promoted turbine generation technologies. MWh. Even with the latest CCGT other pollutants than coal. renewable deployment, especially for Currently most advanced commercial technology with 60 percent or higher CCGT technology provides flexibility to solar. technology is Ultra-Super Critical (USC) efficiency, generating costs were far the electricity grid for accommodating technology, which operates at 566 degrees higher than those of inefficient coal- more variable renewables such as solar Renewables Celsius or higher and 22.1MPa or higher. fueled plants. and wind. Installed capacity of utility scale and USC plants achieve approximately 45 While a bright future is expected, LNG roof-top has reached over 40 gigawatts as percent of net thermal efficiency while Calculations fueled plants have been and will be of December 2018, and more than 10 GW subcritical coal plants achieve less than Since 2015, cost differences have challenged by various uncontrollable of solar capacity will be installed soon 40 percent. significantly reduced. JKM-priced LNG factors: the restart of nuclear units, based on the amount of certified capacity. Technology development in the Gas has been sometimes competitive with renewable penetration and cost The capacity factors solar and wind are Turbine Combined Cycle field has coal, while the JLC-based cost remain competition from coal. generally low because of resource achieved significant progress during the higher than coal. Nuclear plants restart cannot be availability. past decades. If the average cost for CCGT predictable but would have an impact in The Impact of large penetration of Currently, the more advanced generators is closes with the current JKM terms of energy volume (kWh) with LNG- these variable renewables to fossil-fueled combined cycle of the 1,600-degree level, LNG-fueled plants would take the fueled plants in the long run. plants are relatively small in terms of the Celsius class (MACC II) achieves more position that is currently shared with Increasing variable renewables will amount of energy (kWh). than 60 percent of net efficiency, which is coal-fueled plants. give a negative impact to the amount of The most critical aspect of renewable far higher than latest coal-firing The convergence of spot prices and energy from LNG-fueled power plants integration into the grid is regulation of technology. term contract prices would not be easy to and affect daily operational patterns. prioritized dispatch, or offtake obligation. achieve and would need some time. Even if LNG prices are competitive Under current rules, system operator Fuel costs Therefore, it is difficult to draw a with coal, it may not matter when the must reduce generation output from From the generator’s viewpoint, fuel cost conclusion on whether LNG is taking the reduction of CO2 emissions by 80 percent fossil-fueled plants to minimize is always dominant in variable place of coal in Japan’s wholesale market. becomes a more important government curtailment of renewable generation. generating assessments. This narrowed gap between generating policy concern towards 2050. n Generators recognize generating fuel cost of LNG and coal draws more Competition costs against fuel prices and thermal attention to the generators. A certain This article is based on a recent conference paper entitled: “Changing position of LNG with coal efficiencies at plants. level of carbon-pricing might narrow the fueled Power Plant at Wholesale Electricity Competing for its position with nuclear Advanced technology of CCGT expands gap. Market in Japan” and presented by Akira and renewables is not realistic for LNG. A the affordable range of LNG prices to In a rough calculation, under the given Yabumoto Director of Energy Resources more realistic target is its competition compete with coal. LNG and coal prices, the current EUA Strategy, Energy Planning Department J- with other major fossil fuel: coal. If LNG is to compete with low-efficient price level might be enough to alter the Power (Electric Power Development Co.).

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EQUIPMENT

Sensing a new approach to having better control and monitoring as gas engines chosen by more owners

Patrice Flot, chief technical officer at CMR Group

Diesel engines have long been appreciated for their efficiency and capability to burn cheap residual fuels. However, the market for this technology is beginning to change, as the marine sector considers alternative solutions in the face of global environmental issues and the drive to reduce carbon emissions.

LNG surge Previously restricted to LNG ships until just a few years ago, we are now seeing gas engines increasingly being specified for a wide variety of vessels, including passenger ships. As the technology continues to develop for LNG-powered vessels, the owners and operators are recognising the fleet optimisation advantages offered. The growth of gas engine usage and Increasing number of vessels are powered by LNG to cut emissions and more are on order the interconnection of the gas networks, together with a greater requirement for borders, are convincing gas distributors to The gas can be manufactured from when the tank is nearly full. reliability and availability and lower push for a broadening of quality limits to synthesis technologies, natural processes, In contrast, gas delivered from the maintenance, are creating new enlarge the portfolio of possible sources. or “renewable power-to-gas” technologies. bottom of the tank comprises the heaviest challenges. Simultaneously, OEM engine builders Gas networks are interconnected and natural gas molecules. Consequently, the Important considerations in the and other gas-fuel users, are pressing for strategically linked to multiple sources. resulting mixture quality varies with the continued restrictive limits that are Because of this, the quality of gas can load of the engine. development of better suited for their change at a given location and these During heavy seas, load fluctuation on engines power plants and changes could be rapid when switching the propeller will typically generate rapid include ancillary from one source to another. changes in gas quality at the engine inlet. the equipment. In addition, rapid changes of gas During heavy seas, quality can occur in other situations faced Methane sensitive by end users, such as onsite switching Engine builders are acutely aware of load fluctuation on the from a gas tank to the gas network, or these situations, which deeply affect the vice-versa. combustion inside the gas engines. propeller will typically Most of these gas engines are running Tanks in accordance with the Otto principle - i.e. generate rapid Then when gas is only available in LNG a four-stroke engine cycle - which is tanks, switching from an empty tank to a sensitive to the methane index. changes in gas quality full one can result in significant changes Gas with a high methane index (80-90) in gas quality. will provide smooth combustion starting at the engine inlet An empty tank will deliver the from the spark ignition device, whereas heaviest molecules contained in natural gas with a low methane index (55-65) issue gas and a full one may deliver the lightest enhances the risk of knocking by auto- of gas Qualities molecules. ignition at several places inside the quality Natural gas is a In marine applications, propulsion gas combustion chamber. variation - how generic designation for engines are often fed by boil-off from LNG To counteract this, vibration sensors gas quality varies various qualities of gas tanks. and combustion pressure sensors are between sources, countries and based on the main gas component When engine power exceeds the used by engine builders to monitor high regulations. methane (CH4). capacity of the boil-off flow, the additional levels of knocking and reduce it to low Attempts to harmonise gas As such, it covers many different gas flow is fed to the engine from the levels by adapting the tuning of the quality regulations in the qualities linked to gas composition, bottom of the tank. engine. European Union which in turn, including the source of raw gas and Boil-off is made from the lightest As is often the case, such alterations do eases gas trading across refinery processes. molecules of the natural gas, especially not always occur quickly enough to

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EQUIPMENT

accommodate sudden gas quality Sensor natural gas sensor (NIRIS NG) Calculation is carried out through management strategies using sensor changes, causing an engine emergency for instance. multivariable methods like the principal data. stop. This has been designed to analyse the component regression (PCR) and partial Other benefits include lower fuel Additional margin is usually obtained natural gas composition at the inlet of the least square regression (PLS). analysis costs, correct engine performance through conservative engine tuning. This gas engine. (Surprisingly, there hasn’t and the overall alleviation of time includes reduced spark ignition timing been a sensor commercially available in Timing consuming and costly damage to before top dead centre, which is the industrial market to allow upfront gas Measurement data is then provided components due to inferior or low-grade detrimental to the efficiency of the engine. quality measurement that eases the through CAN protocol to the engine. The gas fuels. Another major difficulty for engine engine combustion control loop). methane number input at the ECU New opportunities are opening-up to builders is the rate of change of gas Compared to other gas quality (Engine Control Unit) can be used by the gas engine manufacturers on the back of quality over short periods of time. analysers, the new generation of gas pipe engine builder to continuously optimise new technology. Because that point is not addressed by plugged sensors from CMR use low cost the spark ignition timing and other Linked to electrical actuators, regulation, engine builders must cope optical components and proprietary engine actuators. the new generation of sensors permit with that potential sudden changes in gas signal treatment software contained Using the new CMR NIRIS NG sensor instantaneous adjustment of the engine quality that are not always managed by within robust housing to resist vibration reduces consumption levels of natural during a change of gas supply from one current combustion control loop and heat. gas-powered engines through the real source to another of different quality, or technologies. Light is emitted by the sensor and time measurement of fuel quality. when heavy seas place variable load on These control loops are based travels through the gas inside the supply Directly connected to the gas feeder the propulsion system, requiring downward on combustion parameters pipe on the engine before being analysed pipeline, the sensor is built around smart variable forced boil-off to be added to measurement, not upfront on gas quality by a detector. infrared hardware and data treatment natural boil-off and resulting in a highly measurement. The output signal from the detector is software and features a CAN bus variable methane number at engine a simple spectrum that is then processed communications facility, which enables it entrance. Developments by a calculation matrix to provide gas to be upgradeable without dismantling Moreover, with the capabilities offered To overcome the knocking issues linked composition and related parameters. the sensor for improved performance and by a fast response time sensor, gas to the Otto principle and rapid gas This matrix is specific to each sensor retro applications. authorities and suppliers can harmonise quality changes, we have seen significant and is inbuilt during manufacturing at Natural gas consumption levels can be gas quality better, finding new and easier strides in the development of new the calibration stage thanks to data base further reduced by engine tuning closer to ways for agreement and greater technology, the Near InfraRed Intelligent of gas mixtures. knocking limits due to effective fuel opportunities for global gas trading. n

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CARRIER FLEET

World LNG Carrier Fleet

LNG Capacity Owned or Builder Delivery Flag Power Cargo No. of Ship built for carrier m3 Ordered by Date Plant System tanks Export plant Aamira 266,000 QGTC Samsung Dec-10 Liberia DRL GTT 5 Qatargas IV Abadi 135,000 Brunei Gas Carriers Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jun-02 Brunei S Moss 5 Brunei LNG Abalamabie 174,900 Bonny Gas Samsung June-16 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG Adam LNG 162,000 Oman LNG Hyundai Dec-14 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Oman LNG Adriano Knutsen 180,000 Knutsen Hyundai Jul-19 Spain MEGI-DF GTT 4 charter Al Aamriya 210,100 J5 Consortium Daewoo Feb-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas Al Areesh 151,700 Teekay LNG Daewoo Jan-07 Qatar S GTT 4 Ras Gas II Al Bahiya 210,185 QGTC Samsung Oct-09 Liberia DRL GTT 5 Qatar-Atlantic Al Biddah 135,275 J4 Consortium Kawasaki Sakaide Nov-99 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Al Daayen 151,700 Teekay LNG Daewoo Apr-07 Qatar S GTT 4 RasGas II Al Dafna 266,000 QGTC Samsung Oct-09 Marshall Is. LR DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Al Deebel 145,000 Peninsular LNG Samsung Dec-05 Bahamas S GTT 4 Qatargas Al Gattara 216,200 OSG/Nakilat Hyundai Oct-07 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas II Al Ghariya 210,100 ProNav Daewoo Feb-08 Bahamas DRL GTT 4 Qatargas Al Gharaffa 216,200 OSG/Nakilat Hyundai Jan-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Various Al Ghashamiya 216,000 QGTC Samsung Mar-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Al Ghuwairiya 261,700 QGTC Daewoo Aug-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 5 Qatar-Atl’c Basin Al Hamla 216,000 OSG Samsung Feb-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 QatarGas Al Hamra 137,000 National Gas Shipping Kvaerner-Masa Jan-97 Liberia S Moss 4 ADGAS Al Huwaila 217,000 Teekay Samsung May-08 Bahamas DRL GTT 4 RasGas III Al Jasra 137,100 J4 Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jul-00 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Al Jassasiya 145,700 Maran-Nakilat Daewoo May-07 Greece S GTT 4 RasGas Al Kharaitiyat 216,200 QGTC Hyundai May-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatargas III Al Kharaana 210,000 QGTC Daewoo Oct-09 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas IV Al Kharsaah 217,000 Teekay Samsung May-08 Bahamas DRL GTT 4 RasGas III Al Khattiya 210,000 QGTC DSME Oct-09 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas IV Al Khaznah 135,500 National Gas Shipping Mitsui Chiba Jun-94 Liberia S Moss 5 ADGAS Al Khor 137,350 J4 Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Dec-96 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Al Khuwair 217,000 Teekay LNG Samsung Jul-08 Korea DRL GTT 4 RasGas Al Mafyar 266,000 OSG/Nakilat Hyundai Oct-07 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas II Al Marrouna 151,700 Teekay Daewoo Nov-07 Bahamas S GTT Ras Gas I Al Mayeda 266,000 QGTC Samsung Jan-09 Liberia DRL GTT 5 Qatar-US/Var. Al Nuaman 210,000 QGTC DSME Dec-09 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas IV Al Oraiq 210,000 J5 Consortium Daewoo Apr-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Various Al Rayyan 135,360 J4 Consortium Kawasaki Sakaide Mar-97 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Al Rekayyat 216,200 QGTC Hyundai Jun-09 Bahamas DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Al Ruwais 210,100 ProNav Daewoo Nov-07 Germany DRL GTT 4 Qatargas II Al Sadd 210,100 QGTC Daewoo Mar-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Al Safliya 210,100 ProNav Daewoo Dec-07 Bahamas DRL GTT 4 Qatargas II Al Sahla 216,200 J5 Hyundai Jun-08 Japan DRL GTT 4 Ras Gas III Al Samriya 261,700 QGTC Daewoo Sep-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 5 Qatargas II Al Sheehaniya 210,100 QGTC Daewoo Feb-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Al Shamal 217,000 Teekay LNG Samsung Jun-08 Qatar DRL GTT 4 RasGas Al Thakhira 145,000 Peninsular LNG Samsung Sep-05 Bahamas S GTT 4 Qatargas Al Thumama 216,000 J5 Consortium Hyundai Apr-08 Japan DRL GTT 4 Rasgas Al Utouriya 215,000 J5 Hyundai Sep-08 Panama DRL GTT 4 RasGas Al Utourma 215,000 J5 Hyundai Sep-08 Panama DRL GTT 4 Ras Gas III Al Wajbah 137,350 J4 Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jun-97 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Al Wakrah 135,360 J4 Consortium Kawasaki Sakaide Dec-98 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Al Zhubarah 137,570 J4 Consortium Mitsui Chiba Dec-96 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Alto Acrux 147,000 LNG Marine Transport Mitsubishi Mar-08 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various Amali 148,000 Brunei-Shell DSME Jul-11 Brunei DFDE GTT 4 Brunei LNG Amanl 154,800 Brunei-Shell Hyundai Nov-14 Brunei DFDE GTT 4 Brunei LNG Aman Bintulu 18,928 Perbadanan / NYK Line NKK Tsu Oct-93 Malaysia S GTT 3 Petronas Aman Hakata 18,800 Perbadanan / NYK Line NKK Tsu Nov-98 Malaysia S GTT 3 Petronas Aman Sendai 18,928 Perbadanan / NYK Line NKK Tsu May-97 Malaysia S GTT 3 Petronas Arctic Aurora 160,000 Dynagas Hyundai Jul-13 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various Arctic Discoverer 140,000 K Line Mitsui Chiba Jan-06 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various Arctic Lady 147,200 MOL/Hoegh LNG Mitsubishi Nagasaki Apr-86 Norway S Moss 4 Various Arctic Princess 147,200 MOL/Hoegh LNG Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jan-06 Norway S Moss 4 Various Arctic Sun 89,880 Arctic LNG Shipping IHI Chita Dec-93 Liberia S IHI SPB 4 ConocoPhillips/Marathon Arctic Voyager 140,000 K Line Kawasaki Jul-06 Bahamas S Moss 4 Statoil Arkat 148,000 Brunei-Shell DSME Feb-11 Brunei DFDE GTT 4 Brunei LNG Arwa Spirit 165,000 Teekay LNG Samsung Sep-08 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various Aseem 154,850 K Line-Petronet Samsung Nov-09 Malta S GTT 4 Qatar-India Asia Endeavour 160,000 Chevron Samsung Dec-14 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Asia Energy 160,000 Chevron Samsung Sept-14 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Asia Excellence 160,000 Chevron Samsung Sept-13 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Asia Venture 160,000 Chevron Samsung Sept-17 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Asia Vision 160,000 Chevron Samsung June-14 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various

LNG journal • November/December 2019 • 29 p29-38_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:39 Page 2

CARRIER FLEET

Bahrain Spirit 173,000 Teekay Daewoo Sept-18 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Barcelona Knutsen 173,400 Knutsen Daewoo May-10 N.I.S. DFDE GTT 4 Various Bebatic 75,060 Brunei Shell Tankers Atlantique Oct-72 Brunei S GTT 6 Brunei LNG Beidou Star 172,000 MOL Hudong Oct-15 Hong Kong DRL GTT 4 Various Berge Arzew 138,088 BW Gas Daewoo Jul-04 Norway S GTT 4 Sonatrach Boris Vilkitsky 172,600 Dynagas Daewoo Jan-17 Cyprus DFDE GTT 4 Yamal LNG BW GDF-Suez Boston 138,059 BW Gas Daewoo Jan-03 Norway S GTT 4 Suez LN BW GDF Suez Everett 138,028 BW Gas Daewoo Jun-03 Norway S GTT 4 Suez LNG BW Integrity 170,000 BW Gas Samsung May-17 Singapore DFDE GTT 4 FSRU BW Pavilion Leeara 161,880 BW Gas Hyundai Feb-15 Singapore DFDE GTT 4 Various BW Pavilion Vanda 161,880 BW Gas Hyundai Feb-15 Singapore DFDE GTT 4 Various BW Singapore 170,000 BW Gas Samsung May-15 Singapore DFDE GTT 4 FSRU BW Suez Paris 162,400 BW Gas Daewoo May-09 N.I.S. DFDE GTT 4 Yemen-Atlantic Bilbao Knutsen 138,000 Knutsen / Marpetrol IZAR Sestao Jan-04 Spain S GTT 4 Atlantic LNG Bilis 77,730 Brunei Shell Tankers La Seyne Mar-75 Brunei S GTT 5 Brunei LNG Bishu Maru 162,000 K Line-Transpacific Kawasaki Sakaide Dec-15 Panama S Moss 4 Australia-Japan Boris Davydov 172,600 Dynagas Daewoo Sept-18 Cyprus DFDE GTT 4 Yamal LNG British Achiever 173,644 BP Shipping Daewoo June-18 IOM MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various British Contributor 173,644 BP Shipping Daewoo Oct-18 IOM MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various British Diamond 155,000 BP Shipping Hyundai Sep-08 IOM DFDE GTT 4 Indonesia-Various British Emerald 155,000 BP Shipping Hyundai Jun-07 UK DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh LNG British Innovator 138,200 BP Shipping Samsung Jul-03 Isle of Man S GTT 4 Various British Merchant 138,000 BP Shipping Samsung Apr-03 Isle of Man S GTT 4 Various British Partner 173,644 BP Shipping Daewoo Mar-18 IOM MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various British Ruby 155,000 BP Shipping Hyundai Jan-08 U.K. DFDE GTT 4 Various British Sapphire 155,000 BP Shipping Hyundai Sep-08 IOM DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh British Trader 138,000 BP Shipping Samsung Dec-02 Isle of Man S GTT 4 Engas Broog 135,466 J4 Consortium Mitsui Chiba May-98 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Bu Samara 266,000 QGTC Samsung Dec-08 Qatar DRL GTT 5 Qatargas BW Suez Paris 162,400 BW Gas Daewoo May-09 N.I.S. DFDE GTT 4 Yemen-Atlantic BW Suez Brussels 162,400 BW Gas Daewoo May-09 N.I.S. DFDE GTT 4 Yemen-Atlantic Cadiz Knutsen 138,826 Knutsen / Marpetrol IZAR Puerto Real Jun-04 Spain S GTT 4 Engas Cape Ann 145,000 Hoegh LNG/MOL Samsung May-10 Liberia DFDE GTT 4 Various Castillo de Santisteban 173,600 Elcano STX Aug-10 Malta S GTT Various Castillo de Villalba 138,000 Elcano IZAR Nov-03 Spain S GTT 4 Sonatrach Catalunya Spirit 138,000 Teekay LNG Partners IZAR Sestao Mar-03 Liberia S GTT 4 Atlantic LNG Celestine River 145,000 KLNG Kawasaki Dec-07 Bahamas S Moss Various Cesi Beihai 174,100 MOL-China LNG Hudong June-17 Hong Kong S GTT 4 Australia-China Cesi Gladstone 174,100 MOL-China LNG Hudong Oct-16 Hong Kong S GTT 4 Australia-China Cesi Lianyungang 174,100 MOL-China LNG Hudong June-18 Hong Kong S GTT 4 Australia-China Cesi Qingdao 174,100 MOL-China LNG Hudong Nov-16 Hong Kong S GTT 4 Australia-China Cesi Tianjin 174,100 MOL-China LNG Hudong Sept-17 Hong Kong S GTT 4 Australia-China Challenger FSRU 263,000 MOL LNG Daewoo Oct-17 St Kitts DFDE GTT 4 Various Cheikh Bouamama 75,500 Skikda LNG Transport USC Jul-08 Bahamas S GTT 4 Sonatrach Cheikh El Mokrani 75,500 Med LNG Corp USC Jun-07 Bahamas S GTT 4 Sonatrach Christophe de Margerie 172,600 SCF Daewoo Nov-16 Cyprus DFDE GTT 4 Various Clean Energy 150,000 Dynagas Hyundai Mar-07 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Various Clean Force 150,000 Dynagas Hyundai Jan-08 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Various Clean Ocean 155,900 Dynagas Hyundai Mar-14 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various Clean Planet 155,900 Dynagas Hyundai Mar-14 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various Clean Vision 160,000 Dynagas Hyundai Jun-15 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various Cool Explorer 160,000 Thenamaris Samsung Oct-13 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Cool Runner 160,000 Thenamaris Samsung May-14 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Cool Voyager 160,000 Thenamaris Samsung Oct-13 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Corcovado LNG 160,106 TMSC Gas Daewoo Jun-14 Malta TFDE GTT 4 Various Creole Spirit 174,000 Teekay Daewoo Jan-16 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Cheniere Cubal 160,400 Mitsui/NYK/Teekay Samsung Jan-12 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Cygnus Passage 145,400 Cygnus LNG Mitsubishi Feb-09 Panama S Moss 4 Various Dapeng Moon 147,000 China Ships Hudong Jul-09 China S GTT 4 Various Dapeng Star 147,000 China Ships Hudong Nov-09 China S GTT 4 Various Dapeng Sun 147,000 China Ships Hudong Jul-07 China S GTT 4 Woodside Energy Diamond Gas Orchid 165,000 MOL-Jera MHI-Nagasaki Aug-18 Japan S-gas Moss 4 US-Japan Diamond Gas Rose 165,000 MOL-Jera MHI-Nagasaki Aug-18 Japan S-gas Moss 4 US-Japan Disha 136,000 Petronet LNG Ltd. Daewoo Jan-04 Malta S GTT 4 Qatargas Doha 137,350 J4 Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jun-99 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas Duhail 210,100 ProNav Daewoo Jan-08 Germany DRL GTT 4 Various Dukhan 135,000 J4 Consortium Mitsui Chiba Oct-04 Japan S Moss 4 Qatargas Dwiputra 127,385 Humpuss Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Mar-94 Bahamas S Moss 4 Pertamina Ebisu 147,547 Golar LNG Kawasaki Sep-08 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various Eduard Toll 172,000 Teekay-CLNG Daewoo Dec-17 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Ejnan 145,000 4J Samsung Jan-07 Bahamas S GTT RasGas Ekaputra 136,400 Humpuss Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jan-90 Liberia S Moss 5 Pertamina Energy Advance 145,000 Tokyo LNG Tankers Kawasaki Sakaide Mar-05 Japan S Moss 4 Darwin Energy Atlantic 159,924 Alpha STX Jinhae Sep-15 Malta DFDE GTT 4 Various Energy Confidence 155,000 Tokyo LNG Tankers Kawasaki Apr-09 Panama S Moss 4 Various

30 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p29-38_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:39 Page 3

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CARRIER FLEET

Energy Frontier 147,600 Tokyo LNG Tankers Kawasaki Sakaide Sep-03 Japan S Moss 4 Darwin Energy Glory 165,000 Tokyo LNG Tankers JMU Sept-18 Japan S Moss 4 Various Energy Horizon 177,000 Tokyo LNG Tankers Kawasaki Jul-11 Japan S Moss 4 Pluto LNG Energy Liberty 165 000 MOL JMU Tsu Oct-18 Japan TFDE IHI-SPB 4 Various Energy Navigator 147,000 Tokyo LNG Tankers Kawasaki Sakaide May-08 Japan S Moss 4 Various Energy Progress 145,000 MOL Kawasaki Nov-06 Japan S Moss 4 Bayu Undan LNG Enshu Maru 165,257 K Line Kawasaki June-18 Japan S Moss 4 Various Esshu Maru 162,000 K Line-Transpacific Kawasaki Sakaide Dec-14 Panama S Moss 4 Australia-Japan Excalibur 138,200 Exmar/ Excelerate Daewoo Oct-02 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Excel 138,106 Exmar/ MOL Daewoo Sep-03 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Excelerate 138,000 Exmar/Excelerate Daewoo Oct-06 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Excellence 138,000 GKFF Ltd. Daewoo May-05 Belgium S GTT 4 Excelerate Energy Excelsior 138,000 Exmar Daewoo Jan-05 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Exemplar 150,900 Excelerate Daewoo Jun-10 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Expedient 151,000 Excelerate Daewoo Nov-09 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Experience RV 174,000 Exmar/Excelerate Daewoo Jul-14 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT Various Explorer 150,900 Exmar/Excelerate Daewoo Mar-08 Belgium S GTT 4 Excelerate Express 151,000 Exmar/Excelerate Daewoo May-09 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Exquisite 150,900 Excelerate Daewoo Sep-09 Belgium S GTT 4 Various Fedor Litke 172,636 Dynagas Daewoo Nov-17 Cyprus DFDE GTT 4 Various Flex Endeavour 173,400 Flex LNG Daewoo Jan-18 Marshall Is. MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Flex Enterprise 173,400 Flex LNG Daewoo Jan-18 Marshall Is. MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Flex Rainbow 174,000 Flex LNG Samsung July-18 Marshall Is. MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Flex Ranger 174,000 Flex LNG Samsung April-18 Marshall Is. MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Fraiha 210,100 J5 Consortium Daewoo Sep-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas FSRU Independence 170,000 Hoegh Hyundai Feb-14 NIS DFDE GTT 4 Various FSRU Lampung 170,000 Hoegh Hyundai May-14 Indonesia DFDE GTT 4 Various Fuji LNG 147,895 TMSC Gas Kawasaki Jun-04 Malta S Moss 4 Various Fuwairit 138,000 Peninsular LNG Samsung Jan-04 Bahamas S GTT 4 RasGas II Galea 134,425 Shell Shipping Mitsubishi Nagasaki Oct-02 Singapore S Moss 5 Shell Galicia Spirit 140,620 Teekay LNG Partners Daewoo Jul-04 Liberia S GTT 4 Engas Gaselys 153,500 GdF/NYK Atlantique Mar-07 France DFDE CS 1 4 Engas Gallina 134,425 Shell Shipping Mitsubishi Nagasaki Oct-02 Singapore S Moss 5 Shell GasLog Chelsea 153,000 GasLog Hanjin Korea Dec-09 Panama TFDE GTT 4 Various Gaslog Geneva 174,000 GasLog Samsung Sept-16 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Shell charter Gaslog Genoa 174,000 GasLog Samsung Jun-18 Bermuda TFDE XDF 4 Various Gaslog Gibraltar 174,000 GasLog Samsung Oct-16 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Shell charter Gaslog Glasgow 174,000 GasLog Samsung Jun-16 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Shell charter Gaslog Gladstone 174,000 GasLog Samsung May-19 Bermuda XDF GTT 4 Various Gaslog Greece 174,000 GasLog Samsung Mar-16 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Shell charter GasLog Hongkong 174,000 GasLog Hyundai Jun-18 Bermuda XDF GTT 4 Various GasLog Houston 174,000 GasLog Hyundai Jan-18 Bermuda XDF GTT 4 Various GasLog Salem 165,000 GasLog Samsung Apr-15 Liberia TFDE GTT 4 Various GasLog Santiago 155,000 GasLog Samsung Mar-13 Liberia TFDE GTT 4 Various GasLog Saratoga 155,000 GasLog Samsung Dec-14 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Gaslog Savannah 155,000 GasLog Samsung May-10 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various GasLog Seattle 155,000 GasLog Samsung Oct-13 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various GasLog Shanghai 155,000 GasLog Samsung Jan-13 Liberia TFDE GTT 4 Various Gaslog Singapore 155,000 GasLog Samsung Jul-10 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Gaslog Skagen 155,000 GasLog Samsung Oct-13 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Gaslog Sydney 155,000 GasLog Samsung May-13 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Gaslog Warsaw 174,000 GasLog Samsung May-19 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various GDF-Suez Global Energy 74,000 Gaz de France Chantiers Dec-06 France DFDE CS1 4 Sonatrach GDF-Suez Point Fortin 154,200 LNG Japan Imabari/Koyo Feb-10 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Various Gemmata 138,100 Shell Shipping Mitsubishi Nagasaki Mar-04 Singapore S Moss 5 Shell Georgiy Brusilov 172,000 Dynagas Daewoo Jun-18 Cyprus DFDE GTT 4 Yamal LNG Ghasha 137,510 National Gas Shipping Mitsui Jun-95 Liberia S Moss 5 ADGAS Gigira Laitebo 177,000 MOL-Itochu Hyundai Feb-09 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Arctic 140,645 Golar LNG Daewoo Dec-03 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Shell Spot Golar Bear 160,000 Golar Samsung Mar-14 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Celsius 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Sep-13 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Crystal 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Oct-13 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Eskimo (FSRU) 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Jan-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Freeze 125,850 Golar LNG HDW Feb-77 UK S Moss 5 Various Golar Glacier 162,000 Golar LNG Hyundai Sep-14 Marshall Is. TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Grand 145,880 Golar LNG Daewoo 2006 IoM S GTT 4 Various Golar Ice 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Feb-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Igloo (FSRU) 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Oct-13 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Kelvin 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Jan-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Maria 145,950 Golar LNG Daewoo 2006 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Various Golar Mazo 135,225 Golar LNG/CPP Mitsubishi Jan-00 Liberia S Moss 5 Pertamina Golar Penguin 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Mar-14 Marshall Is. TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Seal 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Aug-13 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Singapore (FSRU) 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung June-15 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Snow 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Jan-15 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various

32 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p29-38_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:39 Page 5

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CARRIER FLEET

Golar Tundra (FSRU) 160,000 Golar LNG Samsung Dec-15 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Golar Viking 140,000 Golar LNG Hyundai Jan-05 Marshall Is. S Moss 4 Various Golar Winter 138,250 Golar LNG Daewoo Apr-04 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Petrobras Grace Acacia 150,000 Algaet Shipping Hyundai Jan-07 Japan S GTT 4 Various Grace Barleria 150,000 Swallowtail Ship Hyundai Oct-07 Japan S GTT 4 Various Grace Cosmos 150,000 AGH Shipping Hyundai Mar-08 Japan S GTT 4 Various Grace Dahlia 177,000 Tokyo Gas Kawasaki Oct-13 Japan S Moss 4 Various Gracilis 138,830 Golar LNG Hyundai Jan-05 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Shell BG Granatina 140,645 Shell Shipping Daewoo Dec-03 Singapore S GTT 4 Shell Grand Aniva 147,200 Sovcomflot/NYK Mitsubishi Jan-08 Japan S Moss 4 Various Grand Elena 147,200 Sovcomflot/NYK Mitsubishi Oct-07 Japan S Moss 4 Various Grand Mereya 147,200 Primorsk/MOL/K Line Chiba May-08 Japan S Moss 4 Sakhalin II Hanjin Muscat 138,200 Hanjin Shipping Hanjin Jul-99 Panama S GTT 4 Oman Gas Hanjin Pyeong Taek 130,600 Hanjin Shipping Hanjin Sep-95 Panama S GTT 4 Pertamina Hanjin Ras Laffan 138,214 Hanjin Shipping Hanjin Jul-00 Panama S GTT 4 QatarGas Hanjin Sur 138,333 Hanjin Shipping Hanjin Jan-00 Panama S GTT 4 Oman Gas Hispania Spirit 140,500 Teekay LNG Partners Daewoo Sep-02 Spain S GTT 4 Atlantic LNG Hoegh Esperanza FSRU 170,000 Hoegh Hyundai April-18 Norway DFDE GTT 4 Various Hoegh Gallant FSRU 170,050 Hoegh LNG Hyundai May-14 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 chartered Hoegh Giant FSRU 170,050 Hoegh LNG Hyundai Jan-18 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 various Hoegh Grace FSRU 170,050 Hoegh LNG Hyundai May-15 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 various Hyundai Aquapia 135,000 Hyundai MM Hyundai Mar-00 Panama S Moss 4 Oman Gas Hyundai 135,000 Hyundai MM Hyundai Jan-00 Panama S Moss 4 RasGas Hyundai Ecopia 145,000 Hyundai Hyundai Nov-08 Panama S GTT 4 Various Hyundai Greenpia 125,000 Hyundai MM Hyundai Nov-96 Panama S Moss 4 Pertamina Hyundai Oceanpia 135,000 Hyundai MM Hyundai Jul-00 Panama S Moss 4 Oman Gas Hyundai Technopia 135,000 Hyundai MM Hyundai Jul-00 Panama S Moss 4 RasGas Hyundai Utopia 125,182 Hyundai MM Hyundai Jun-94 Panama S Moss 4 Pertamina Iberica Knutsen 138,000 Knutsen OAS Daewoo Aug-06 Norway S GT 96 4 Gas Natural Ibra LNG 147,100 Oman Gas Samsung Jun-06 Panama S GTT 4 Oman LNG Ibri LNG 145,000 Oman Gas Mitsubishi Jul-06 Panama S GTT 4 Oman LNG Ish 137,540 National Gas Shipping Mitsubishi Nagasaki Nov-95 Liberia S Moss 5 ADGAS K Acacia 138,017 Korea Line Daewoo Jan-00 Panama S GTT 4 Oman Gas K Freesia 135,256 Korea Line Daewoo Jun-00 Panama S GTT 4 RasGas Kinisis 173,400 K-Line Daewoo Jan-18 Liberia MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various K Jasmine 145,700 Korea Line Daewoo Mar-08 Panama S GTT 4 Kogas offtake K Mugungwha 152,000 K Line Daewoo Nov-08 Panama S GTT 4 Various Kita LNG 160,106 TMSC Gas Daewoo Jun-14 Malta TFDE GTT 4 Various Kotawaka Maru 125,200 J3 Consortium Kawasaki Sakaide Jan-84 Japan S Moss 5 Darwin Kumul 172,000 MOL Hudong May-16 Hong Kong DRL GTT 4 PNG-Asia Lalla Fatma N'Soumer 145,000 Algeria Nippon Gas Kawasaki Sakaide Dec-04 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various Lijmilya 261,700 QGTC Daewoo Sep-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 5 Various LNG Abalamabie 174,900 Bonny Gas Samsung Nov-16 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Abuja 126,530 Bonny Gas Transport GD Quincy Sep-80 Bahamas S Moss 5 Nigeria LNG LNG Abuja II 174,900 Bonny Gas Samsung Oct 16 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Adamawa 141,000 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Jun-05 Bermuda S Moss 4 Various LNG Akwa Ibom 141,000 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Nov-04 Bermuda S Moss 4 Various LNG Aquarius 126,300 MOL/LNG Japan GD Quincy Jun-77 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Various LNG Barka 153,000 NYK Kawasaki Jan-09 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various LNG Bayelsa 137,500 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Feb-03 Bermuda S Moss 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Benue 145,700 BW Gas Daewoo Mar-06 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Bonny 177,000 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Oct-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Borno 149,600 NYK Line Samsung Aug-07 Japan S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Capricorn 126,300 MOL/LNG Japan GD Quincy Jun-78 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Pertamina LNG Cross River 141,000 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Sep-05 Bermuda S Moss 4 Various LNG Dream 145,000 Osaka Gas Kawasaki Sep-06 Japan S Moss 4 Woodside Energy LNG Dubhe 174,000 MOL-Cosco Hudong Sept-19 China S GTT 4 Russia-Asia LNG Ebisu 147,500 MOL Kawasaki Sep-08 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various LNG Edo 126,530 Bonny Gas Transport GD Quincy May-80 Bahamas S Moss 5 Nigeria LNG LNG Enugu 145,000 BW Gas Daewoo Oct-05 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Fimina 175,000 Bonny Gas Transport Samsung Oct-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Flora 127,700 J3 Consortium Kawasaki Sakaide Mar-93 Japan S Moss 4 Pertamina LNG Fukurokuju 165,000 MOL Kawasaki June-15 Japan S Moss 4 Various LNG Gemini 126,300 MOL/LNG Japan GD Quincy Sep-78 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Pertamina LNG Imo 148,300 BW Gas Daewoo Jun-08 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Jamal 135,330 Osaka Gas/J3 Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Oct-00 Japan S Moss 5 Oman Gas LNG Juno 177,300 MOL-Osaka Mitsubishi Oct-18 Marshall Is. DFDE Moss 4 Freeport LNG/Various LNG Jupiter 145,000 NYK Line Kawasaki Jul-09 Bahamas S Moss 4 Various LNG Jurojin 155,300 MOL MHI Nagasaki Nov-15 Japan S KM 4 Various LNG Kano 148,471 BW Gas Daewoo Jan-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 NLNG LNG Lagos 177,000 Bonny Gas Hyundai Oct-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Leo 126,400 MOL/LNG Japan GD Quincy Dec-78 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Pertamina LNG Lerici 65,000 Exmar Italcantieri Sestri Mar-98 Italy S GTT 4 Sonatrach LNG Libra 126,400 Hoegh LNG GD Quincy Apr-79 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Various LNG Lokoja 148,300 BW Gas Daewoo Dec-06 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG

34 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p29-38_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:39 Page 7

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CARRIER FLEET

LNG Mars 155,000 MOL/Osaka Gas Mitsubishi Oct-16 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Various LNG Ogun 148,300 NYK Line Samsung Aug-07 Japan S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Ondo 148,300 BW Gas Daewoo Sep-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Oyo 140,500 BW Gas Daewoo Dec-05 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Pioneer 138,000 MOL Daewoo Jul-05 Bahamas S GTT 4 Idku LNG Port Harcourt 175,000 Bonny Gas Samsung Oct-15 Bermuda DFDE GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Portovenere 65,000 Exmar Italcantieri Sestri Jun-96 Italy S GTT 4 Sonatrach LNG River Niger 141,000 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai May-06 Bermuda S Moss 4 Various LNG River Orashi 145,910 BW Gas Daewoo Nov-04 Bermuda S GTT 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Rivers 137,231 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Jun-02 Bermuda S Moss 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Sakura 177,000 NYK-Kepco Kawasaki Mar-18 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various LNG Saturn 153,000 MOL MHI Nov-15 Japan S Moss 4 Various LNG Schneeweisschen 180,000 MOL-Itochu Daewoo Aug-18 Panama XDF GTT 4 Various LNG Sokoto 137,231 Bonny Gas Transport Hyundai Aug-02 Bermuda S Moss 4 Nigeria LNG LNG Taurus 126,300 MOL/LNG Japan GD Quincy Aug-79 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Various LNG Venus 155,000 Osaka/MOL MHI Oct-14 Japan S Moss 4 Various LNG Vesta 127,547 Tokyo Gas Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jun-94 Japan S Moss 4 Pertamina LNG Virgo 126,400 MOL/LNG Japan GD Quincy Dec-79 Marshall Is. S Moss 5 Pertamina Lobito 160,400 Mitsui/NYK/Teekay Samsung Oct-11 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Lusail 138,000 Peninsular LNG Samsung May-05 Bahamas S GTT 4 Qatar Macoma 173,400 Teekay Daewoo Oct-17 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Madrid Spirit 138,000 Teekay LNG Partners IZAR Puerto Real Jan-05 Spain S GTT 4 Engas Magdala 173,400 Teekay Daewoo Feb-18 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Magellan Spirit 165,500 Teekay LNG Partners Samsung Sep-08 Denmark DFDE GTT 4 Various Malanje 160,400 Mitsui/NYK/Teekay Samsung Jul-11 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Achilles 174,000 Maran Hyundai Samho Feb-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Agamemnon 174,000 Maran Hyundai Samho May-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Alexandria 161,870 Maran Hyundai Samho Sep-15 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Amphipolis 173,400 Maran Daewoo Aug-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Apollonia 161,870 Maran Daewoo Jan-14 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Asclepius 145,000 Kristen Navigation Daewoo Jul-05 Bermuda S GTT 4 Qatar Maran Gas Coronis 145,700 Maran Daewoo Sep-07 Greece S GTT 4 Rasgas II Maran Gas Delphi 159,800 Maran Daewoo Feb-14 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Efessos 159,800 Maran Daewoo Jun-14 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Hector 174,000 Maran Hyundai Samho Nov-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Lindos 159,800 Maran Daewoo Jun-15 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Mystras 155,900 Maran Gas Daewoo May-15 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Olympias 174,500 Maran DSME Feb-17 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Pericles 174,000 Maran Hyundai Samho June-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Posidonia 161,870 Maran Daewoo May-14 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Roxana 173,400 Maran Daewoo Jan-17 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Sparta 161,870 Maran Hyundai Samho April-15 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Spetses 174,000 Maran Daewoo Feb-18 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maran Gas Troy 155,900 Maran Gas Daewoo May-15 Greece DFDE GTT 4 various Maran Gas Ulysses 174,000 Maran Hyundai Samho Jan-17 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Maria Energy 174,000 Tsakos Hyundai Mar-15 Marshall Is. TFDE GTT 4 Various Marib Spirit 165,000 Teekay LNG Samsung May-08 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various Marvel Crane 177,000 NYK-Mitsui Mitsubishi Mar-19 Singapore S Moss 4 US/Various Marvel Eagle 155,000 MOL-Osaka Kawasaki Sept-18 Marshall Is. S Moss 4 Cameron LNG/Various Marvel Falcon 174,000 NYK-Mitsui Samsung Dec-18 Singapore XDF GTT 4 Cameron LNG/Various Marvel Hawk 174,000 NYK-Mitsui Samsung Dec-18 Singapore XDF GTT 4 Cameron LNG/Various Marvel Kite 174,000 NYK-Mitsui Samsung Dec-18 Singapore XDF GTT 4 Various Matthew 126,540 Suez LNG Shiping Newport News Jun-79 Bahamas S GTT 6 Atlantic LNG Megara 173,000 Teekay Daewoo Oct-18 Bahama MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Mekaines 266,000 Naklilat Samsung Mar-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Meridian Spirit 165,500 Teekay LNG Samsung Jan-10 Denmark DFDE GTT 4 Various Mesaimeer 210,100 Naklilat Hyundai Mar-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Methane Alison Victoria 145,000 GasLog Samsung Aug-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 Eq.Guinea LNG Methane Becki Anne 170,000 GasLog Samsung Sep-10 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Methane Heather Sally 145,000 GasLog Samsung Jul-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 Eq.Guinea LNG Methane Jane Elizabeth 145,000 GasLog Samsung Jun-06 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Engas Methane Julia Louise 170,000 GasLog Samsung Dec-09 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Methane Kari Elin 138,200 Shell Samsung Jun-04 Bermuda S GTT 4 Various Methane Lake Charles 145,000 Shell Samsung Feb-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 Marathon Oil Methane Lydon Volney 145,000 Shell Samsung Aug-06 Bermuda S GTT 4 Engas Methane Mickie Harper 170,000 Shell-GasLog Samsung Nov-10 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Methane Nile Eagle 145,000 Shell-GasLog Samsung Dec-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 Engas Methane Patricia Camila 170,000 Shell-GasLog Samsung Oct-10 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Methane Princess 138,159 Golar LNG Daewoo 2003 UK S GTT 4 Spot BG Methane Rita Andre 145,000 GasLog Samsung Mar-06 Bermuda S GTT 4 Engas Methane Shirley Elizabeth145,000 GasLog Samsung Apr-07 Bermuda S GTT 4 Marathon Oil Methane Sprit 165,000 Teekay LNG Samsung Mar-08 Singapore DFDE GTT 4 Various Milaha Qatar 145,000 Milaha Samsung Apr-06 Denmark S GTT 4 Qatar Milaha Ras Laffan 138,270 Milaha Samsung Mar-04 Denmark S GTT 4 RasGas II Min Lu 147,000 China Ships Hudong Aug-09 China S GTT 4 Various

36 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p29-38_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:39 Page 9

CARRIER FLEET

Min Rong 147,000 China LNG Ships Hudong Feb-09 Hong Kong S GTT 4 Australia-China Mourad Didouche 126,130 Hyproc Shipping Atlantique Jul-80 Algeria S GTT 5 Sonatrach Mozah 266,000 QGTC Samsung Aug-08 Qatar DRL GTT 5 Qatargas II Mraweh 137,000 National Gas Shipping Kvaerner-Masa Jun-96 Liberia S Moss 4 ADGAS Mubaraz 137,000 National Gas Shipping Kvaerner-Masa Jan-96 Liberia S Moss 4 Various Muraq 210,100 J5-K Line Daewoo May-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Murex 173,400 Teekay Daewoo Oct-17 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Murwab 210,100 J5 Consortium Daewoo May-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas Muscat LNG 149,170 Oman Gas/MOL Kawasaki Sakaide Mar-04 Japan S Moss 4 Oman Gas Myrina 173,000 Teekay Daewoo Sept-18 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Neo Energy 149,700 Tsakos Hyundai Feb-07 Liberia S GTT 4 Various Neptune 145,000 Hoegh LNG/MOL Samsung Dec-09 Liberia DFDE GTT 4 Various Nikolay Yevgenov 172,600 Teekay Daewoo Oct-18 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Nikolay Zubkov 172,600 Dynagas Daewoo Nov-18 Cyprus DFDE GTT 4 Yamal LNG Nizwah LNG 145,000 Oryx LNG Carriers Kawasaki Sakaide Dec-05 Japan S Moss 4 Oman Gas Northwest Sanderling 127,525 Australia LNG Mitsubishi Nagasaki Jun-89 Australia S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Sandpiper 127,500 Australia LNG Mitsui Chiba Feb-93 Australia S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Seaeagle 127,450 Australia LNG Mitsubishi Nagasaki Nov-92 Bermuda S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Shearwater 127,500 Australia LNG Kawasaki Sakaide Sep-91 Bermuda S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Snipe 127,747 Australia LNG Mitsui Chiba Sep-90 Australia S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Stormpetrel 127,600 Australia LNG Mitsubishi Nagasaki Dec-94 Australia S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Swallow 127,708 J3 Consortium Mitsui Chiba Nov-89 Japan S Moss 4 NWS Northwest Swan 138,000 Australia LNG Daewoo Mar-04 Australia S GTT 4 NWS Northwest Swift 127,590 J3 Consortium Mitsubishi Nagasaki Sep-89 Japan S Moss 4 NWS Noshu Maru 180,000 MOL-Jera MHI-Nagasaki Feb-19 Japan S-gas Moss 4 US-Japan Oak Spirit 173,400 Teekay Daewoo Jan-16 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Cheniere Ob River 150,000 Lance Shipping Hyundai Oct-07 Marshall Is. S GTT 4 Various Oceanic Breeze 155,300 K-Line Mitsubishi-Nagasaki June-18 Japan S Moss 4 Darwin-Japan Onaiza 210,100 Nakilat Daewoo Apr-09 Liberia DRL GTT 4 Qatar-Atlantic Basin Ougarta 171,866 Hyproc Shipping Hyundai Mar-17 Algeria DFDE GTT 4 Sonatrach Pacific Arcadia 147,200 NYK Line MHI Oct-14 Bahamas S KM 4 Various Pacific Breeze 182,000 K Line Kawasaki Mar-18 Marshall Is. DFDE Moss 4 Ichthys LNG Pacific Enlighten 145,000 LNG MT Mitsubishi Mar-09 Japan S Moss 4 Various Pacific Eurus 137,000 LNG Marine Transport Mitsubishi Nagasaki Mar-06 Bahamas S Moss 4 Darwin Pacific Mimosa 155,300 NYK Line MHI Nov-17 Bahamas S Moss 4 Australia-Japan Pacific Notus 137,006 Pacific LNG Shipping Mitsubishi Nagasaki Sep-03 Bahamas S Moss 5 Darwin Palu LNG 160,106 TMSC Gas Daewoo Jun-14 Malta TFDE GTT 4 Various Pan Americas 174,000 Teekay Hudong Mar-18 Hong Kong TFDE GTT 4 US-Asia Pan Asia 174,000 Teekay Hudong-Zhonghua July-17 Bahamas TFDE GTT 4 Cheniere Pan Europe 174,000 Teekay Hudong Sept-18 Hong Kong TFDE GTT 4 US-global Papua 171,800 MOL-China Hudong Jan-15 Hong Kong DFDE SSD 4 PNG LNG Patris 173,400 K-Line Daewoo Feb-18 Liberia MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Polar Eagle 89,880 Polar LNG IHI Chita Jun-93 Liberia S IHI SPB 4 ConocoPhillips/Marathon Prachi 173,000 NYK-SCI Hyundai Nov-16 Singapore TFDE GTT 4 Petronet Provalys 153,500 Gaz de France Chantiers Nov-06 France DFDE CS1 4 ELNG Pskov 170,200 SovComFlot STX Mar-14 Liberia DFDE GTT 4 Various Puteri Delima 130,400 MISC Atlantique Jan-95 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Delima Satu 137,100 MISC Mitsui Chiba Apr-02 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Firuz 130,400 MISC Atlantique May-97 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Firuz Satu 137,100 MISC Mitsubishi Nagasaki Sep-04 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Intan 130,400 MISC Atlantique Aug-94 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Intan Satu 137,100 MISC Mitsubishi Nagasaki Dec-01 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Mutiera Satu 137,100 MISC Mitsui Chiba Apr-05 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Nilam 130,400 MISC Atlantique Jun-95 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Nilam Satu 137,100 MISC Mitsubishi Nagasaki Sep-03 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Zamrud 130,400 MISC Atlantique May-96 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Puteri Zamrud Satu 137,100 MISC Mitsui Chiba Apr-87 Malaysia S GTT 4 Atlantic LNG Raahi 136,000 Petronet LNG Ltd Daewoo Dec-04 Malta S GTT 4 Qatargas Ramdane Abane 126,130 Hyproc Shipping Atlantique Jul-81 Algeria S GTT 5 Sonatrach Rasheeda 266,000 QGTC Samsung Jun-10 Liberia DRL GTT Various Rias Baixas Knutsen 180,000 Knutsen Hyundai Aug-19 Spain MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Ribera del Duero Knutsen 173,400 Knutsen Daewoo Nov-10 Nor-NIS DFDE GTT 4 Various Rioja Knutsen 176,300 Knutsen Daewoo Dec-16 Nor-NIS DFDE GTT 4 Various Rudolf Samoylovich 172,652 Teekay-CLNG Daewoo Oct-18 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Salalah LNG 147,000 Oman Gas/MOL Samsung Dec-05 Japan S GTT 4 Oman SCF Polar 71,500 Sovcomflot Kockums Aug-69 Liberia S GTT 6 Sonatrach Sean Spirit 174,000 Teekay Hyundai Samho Feb-19 Bahama MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Seishu Maru 162,000 K Line-Transpacific Kawasaki Sakaide Jan-15 Panama S Moss 4 Australia-Japan Seri Alam 138,000 MISC Samsung Oct-05 Malaysia S GTT 4 Yemen LNG Seri Amanah 145,000 MISC Samsung Mar-06 Malaysia S GTT 4 Yemen LNG Seri Anggun 145,000 MISC Samsung Nov-06 Malaysia S GTT 4 Yemen LNG Seri Angkasa 145,000 MISC Samsung Feb-07 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Seri Ayu 145,000 MISC Samsung Oct-07 Malaysia S GTT 4 Various Seri Bakti 152,300 MISC Mitsubishi Mar-07 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Seri Balhaf 152,000 MISC Mitsubishi Sep-08 Malaysia S GTT 4 Various

LNG journal • November/December 2019 • 37 p29-38_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:39 Page 10

CARRIER FLEET

Seri Balquis 152,000 MISC Mitsubishi Dec-08 Malaysia S GTT 4 Various Seri Begawan 152,300 MISC Mitsubishi Dec-07 Malaysia S GTT 4 Various Seri Bijaksana 152,300 MISC Mitsubishi Feb-08 Malaysia S GTT 4 Petronas Seri Camar 150,200 MISC Hyundai Feb-18 Malaysia S Moss 4 Petronas Seri Camellia 150,000 MISC Hyundai Nov-16 Malaysia S Moss 4 Petronas Seri Cemara 150,200 MISC Hyundai Apr-18 Malaysia S Moss 4 Petronas Seri Cempak 150,200 MISC Hyundai Feb-18 Malaysia S Moss 4 Petronas Seri Cenderawasih 150,000 MISC Hyundai Jan-17 Malaysia S Moss 4 Petronas Sestao Knutsen 138,000 Knutsen IZAR Sestao Jan-07 Spain S GTT 4 Atlantic LNG Sevilla Knutsen 173,400 Knutsen Daewoo Jun-10 N.I.S. DFDE GTT 4 Various Shahamah 135,500 National Gas Shipping Kawasaki Sakaide Oct-94 Liberia S Moss 5 ADGAS Shangra 266,000 QGTC Samsung Nov-09 Liberia DRL GTT 5 Qatargas IV Shen Hai 147,100 China LNG Hudong Zhonghua Sep-12 China AB/CC Steam GTT 4 Various Simaisma 147,700 Maran Gas Maritime Daewoo Jul-06 Greece S GTT 4 Qatar SK Audace 180,000 SK-Marubeni Samsung Jul-17 Panama XDF GTT 4 Various SK Resolute 180,000 SK-Marubeni Samsung Jun-18 Panama XDF GTT 4 Various SK Splendor 138,375 SK Shipping Samsung Mar-00 Panama S GTT 4 Oman Gas SK Stellar 138,375 SK Shipping Samsung Dec-00 Panama S GTT 4 RasGas SK Summit 138,000 SK Shipping Daewoo Aug-99 Panama S GTT 4 RasGas SK Sunrise 138,306 I. S. Carriers Samsung Sep-03 Panama S GTT 4 RasGas SK Supreme 138,200 SK Shipping Samsung Jan-00 Panama S GTT 4 RasGas Sohar LNG 137,250 Oman Gas/ MOL Mitsubishi Nagasaki Oct-01 Malta S Moss 5 Oman Gas Solaris 155,000 GasLog Samsung Jul-14 Bermuda TFDE GTT 4 Various Sonangol Benguela 160,500 Sonangol Daewoo Sep-11 Bahamas S GTT 4 Angola LNG Sonangol Etosha 160,500 Sonangol Daewoo Sep-11 Bahamas S GTT 4 Angola LNG Sonangol Sambizanga 160,500 Sonangol Daewoo Sep-11 Bahamas S GTT 4 Angola LNG Southern Cross 172,000 MOL Hudong May-15 Hong Kong DRL GTT 4 Various Soyo 160,400 Mitsui/NYK/Teekay Samsung May-11 Bahamas DFDE GTT 4 Various Spirit of Hela 177,000 MOL Hyundai Oct-09 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Various Stena Blue Sky 145,700 Stena Daewoo Jan-06 Panama S GTT 4 Various Stena Clear Sky 171,800 Stena Daewoo Sep-10 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Various Stena Crystal Sky 171,800 Stena Daewoo Jul-10 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Various STX Kolt 145,700 STX Panocean Korea Hanjin Nov-08 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Various Suez Point Fortin 154,200 Trinity LNG Koyo Japan Nov-09 Panama S GTT 4 Yemen LNG Symphonic Breeze 147,608 K-Line Mitsubishi Nagasaki Oct-07 Bahamas DFDE Moss 4 Australia-Japan Taitar No. 1 145,000 NYK Line Mitsubishi Oct-09 Liberia S Moss 4 Various Taitar No. 3 145,000 NYK Line Mitsubishi Jan-10 Liberia S Moss 4 Various Taitar No. 4 145,000 NYK Mitsubishi Jan-10 Liberia S Moss 4 Various Tangguh Batur 145,700 Sovcomflot/NYK Daewoo Dec-08 Cyprus S GTT Tangguh Tangguh Foja 155,000 K Line Samsung Jul-08 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh LNG Tangguh Hiri 155,000 Teekay LNG Hyundai Nov-08 IOM DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh Tangguh Jaya 145,700 K Line Samsung Nov-08 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh Tangguh Palung 155,000 K Line Samsung Mar-09 Panama DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh Tangguh Sago 155,000 Teekay LNG Hyundai Mar-09 IOM DFDE GTT 4 Tangguh LNG Tangguh Towuti 145,700 Sovcomflot/NYK Daewoo Oct-08 Cyprus S GTT 4 Tangguh Tembek 216,200 OSG/Nakilat Samsung Sep-07 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Qatargas II Tenaga Satu 130,000 MISC Dunkerque Sep-82 Malaysia S GTT 5 Petronas Tessala 171,866 Hyproc Shipping Hyundai Dec-16 Algeria DFDE GTT 4 Sonatrach Torben Spirit 173,000 Teekay Daewoo Feb-17 Bahama MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Trinity Arrow 154,900 K Line Imabari Shipbuilding Mar-08 Panama S GTT 4 Various Umm Al Amad 210,100 J5 Daewoo Aug-08 Marshall Is. DRL GTT 4 Ras Gas III Umm Al Ashtan 137,000 National Gas Shipping Kvaerner- Masa May-97 Liberia S Moss 4 ADGAS Umm Bab 145,000 Kristen Navigation Daewoo Nov-05 Bermuda S GTT 4 Qatargas Umm Slaal 266,000 QGTC Samsung Nov-08 Qatar DRL GTT 5 Qatargas Valencia Knutsen 173,400 Knutsen Daewoo Sep-10 Nor-NIS DFDE GTT 4 Various Velikiy Novgorod 170,200 SovComFlot STX Feb-14 Liberia DFDE GTT 4 Various Vladimir Rusanov 172,000 MOL-China Shipping Daewoo Mar-18 Hong Kong DFDE GTT 4 Yamal Vladimir Viz 172,000 MOL-China Shipping Daewoo Sept-18 Hong Kong DFDE GTT 4 Yamal Vladimir Voronin 172,600 Teekay Daewoo Jun-19 Bahamas MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Wakaba Maru 125,000 J3 Consortium Mitsui Chiba Apr-85 Japan S Moss 5 Pertamina WilForce 156,000 Teekay LNG Daewoo Aug-13 NIS DFDE GTT 4 Various WilPride 156,000 Teekay Daewoo June-13 NIS DFDE GTT 4 Various Woodside Cheney 174,000 Maran Hyundai Samho Mar-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Woodside Donaldson 165,500 Teekay LNG Samsung Dec-09 Singapore DFDE GTT 4 Various Woodside Goode 159,800 Maran Daewoo Jul-14 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Woodside Reeswithers 173,400 Maran Daewoo Nov-16 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Woodside Rogers 155,900 Maran Gas DSME Jul-13 Greece DFDE GTT 4 Various Yamal Spirit 174,000 Teekay Hyundai Samho Jan-19 Bahama MEGI-DF GTT 4 Various Yari LNG 159,983 TMSC Gas Daewoo Jun-14 Malta TFDE GTT 4 Various Yenisei River 155,000 Dynagas Hyundai Jul-13 Marshall Is. DFDE GTT 4 Various YK Sovereign 127,125 SK Shipping Hyundai Dec-94 Panama S Moss 4 Pertamina Zarga 266,000 QGTC Samsung Dec-09 Liberia DRL GTT 5 Qatar-Atlantic Zekreet 135,420 J4 Consortium Mitsui Chiba Dec-98 Japan S Moss 5 Qatargas

Any observations, additions or suggested revisions to the LNG journal World LNG Carrier Fleet list should be sent to [email protected]

38 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p39-44_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:40 Page 1

TABLES

LNG Import Terminals

Storage Country Location (Project) Owners Start up Tanks Capacity

Explanatory Notes Belgium Zeebrugge Fluxys 1987 4 380,000 Canada Canaport Saint John Irving Oil, Repsol 2009 3 480,000 n The tables do not include Chile Quintero ENAP, Metrogas, Enagas 2009 3 334,000 the following types of LNG Mejillones Engie, Ameris Capital AGF 2010 1 175,000 facilities : China Beihai LNG, Guangxi Sinopec 2015 4 640,000 w Small marine satellite Dalian PetroChina 2011 3 480,000 terminals receiving LNG Dapeng ND Guangdong CNOOC 2018 4 640,000 from liquefaction plants in Dongguan, Guangdong Jovo Group 2013 2 160 000 their own country (such as Fujian LNG (Xiuyu) CNOOC, Fujian I&D Corp. 2008 2 640,000 exist in Norway) or which Guangdong CNOOC,BP 2006 3 480,000 Haikou, Hainan LNG CNOOC 2014 3 480,000 receive LNG transhipped Ningbo, Zheijang CNOOC, Zhejiang Energy 2012 3 480,000 from nearby reception Qidong, Jiangsu Guanghui Energy 2018 1 60,000 terminals in their own Qingdao, Shandong Sinopec 2014 3 480,000 country (such as in Japan) Rudong PetroChina 2011 3 530,000 w Satellite LNG storage Shanghai CNOOC, Shenergy Group 2009 3 495,000 facilities that receive LNG Shanghai, Mengtougou Shanghai Gas 2008 3 120 000 transported only by road or Shenzen, Diefu CNOOC 2016 2 320,000 rail Tangshan, Hebei PetroChina 2013 3 480,000 n Expansions of LNG reception Tianjin North Sinopec 2017 2 320,000 terminals are only shown if Yuedong, Guangdong CNOOC 2016 2 320,000 they involve new storage Zhoushan Zhejiang Enn Group 2018 2 320,000 tanks Zhuhai, Gaolan CNOOC 2013 3 480,000 Dominican Republic Punta Caucedo AES Andres 2003 1 160 000 n Where there is a blank in the Finland Pori Gasum Skangas 2016 1 30,000 table the information is Tornio Gasum Skangas 2018 1 30,000 uncertain or unknown. France Fos Tonkin Elengy 1972 3 150,000 Montoir-de-Bretagne Elengy 1980 3 360,000 Any comments on the tables, Fos Cavaou Engie, Total 2010 3 330,000 and corrections / additional Dunkirk LNG EDF, Fluxys, Total 2016 3 570,000 Gibraltar Gasnor Shell 2018 1 5,000 information from terminal Greece Revithoussa DEPA 2000 3 225,000 shareholders and project India Dabhol GAIL, NTPC (Ratnagiri Gas & Power) 2009 3 480,000 developers would be most Dahej Petronet LNG 2004 4 592,000 welcome, and should be sent Hazira Shell India, Total 2005 2 320,000 to John McKay e-mail Kochi, Kerala Petronet LNG 2013 2 320,000 Mundra Gujarat State Petroleum, Adani Group 2018 2 320,000 [email protected] Kamarajar (Ennore), Tamil Nadu Indian Oil, DFC, ICICI Bank 2019 2 360,000 Indonesia Arun Pertamina 2015 5 507,000 Italy Panigaglia Snam 1969 2 100,000 Porto Levante (offshore GBS) ExxonMobil, Qatar Petroleum, Edison Gas 2009 2 250,000 Japan Negishi Tokyo Gas 1969 14 1,180,000 Sodegaura Tokyo Gas 1973 35 2,660,000 Ohgishima Tokyo Gas 1998 4 850,000 Higashi-Ohgishima Tokyo Electric 1984 9 540,000 Futtsu Tokyo Electric 1985 10 1,110,000 Yokkaichi LNG Chubu Electric 1988 4 320,000 Kawagoe Chubu Electric 1997 6 840,000 Yokkaichi Works Toho Gas 1991 2 160,000 Chita LNG Joint Toho Gas, Chubu Electric 1978 4 300,000 Chita LNG Toho Gas, Chubu Electric 1983 7 640,000 Chita - Midorihama Toho Gas 2001 3 600,000 Senboku I Osaka Gas 1972 4 180,000 Senboku II Osaka Gas 1977 18 1,585,000 Himeji Osaka Gas 1984 8 740,000 Himeji LNG Kansai Electric 1979 7 520,000 Yanai Chugoku Electric 1990 6 480,000 Niigata Nihonkai LNG, Tohoku Electric 1984 8 720,000 Oita Oita Gas, Kyushu Electric 1990 5 460,000 Tobata Kitakyushu LNG 1977 8 480,000 Fukuoka Saibu Gas 1993 2 70,000 Sodeshi Shizuoka Gas 1996 3 337,200 Hatsukaichi Hiroshima Gas 1996 2 170,000 Kagoshima Nippon Gas 1996 2 136,000 Shin-Minato Sendai City Gas 1997 1 80,000 Nagasaki Saibu Gas 2003 1 36,000 Sakai Kansai Electric, Cosmo OIl 2006 3 420,000

LNG journal • November/December 2019 • 39 p39-44_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:40 Page 2

TABLES

LNG Import Terminals (continued)

Storage Country Location (Project) Owners Start up Tanks Capacity

Mizushima Nippon Oil, Chugoku Electric 2006 2 320,000 Sakaide Shikoku Electric, Cosmo Oil 2011 1 180,000 Japan (continued) Ishikari LNG Hokkaido Gas, Hokkaido Electric 2012 2 380,000 Okinawa Okinawa Electric Power 2012 2 280,000 Naoetsu Inpex 2013 2 360,000 Joetsu Chubu 2011 3 540,000 Hachinohe LNG Nippon Oil 2015 2 280,000 Hitachi LNG Tokyo Gas 2015 1 230,000 Soma Fukushima Japan Petroleum Exploration 2017 1 225,000 Korea Boryyeong GS Energy, SK E&S 2017 3 200,000 Incheon Kogas 1996 20 2,880,000 Kwangyang POSCO 2005 4 530,000 Pyeong-Taek Kogas 1986 23 3,360,000 Samcheok Kogas 2014 3 600,000 Tong-Yeong Kogas 2002 17 2,620,000 Malaysia Pengerang Johor Petronas Gas 2017 2 400,000 Mexico Altamira Vopak, Enagas 2006 2 300,000 Energia Costa Azul Sempra LNG 2008 2 320,000 Manzanillo Samsung, Kogas, Mitsui 2012 2 300,000 Netherlands Gate LNG Gasunie, Royal Vopak 2011 3 540,000 Panama Costa Norte AES 2018 1 130,000 Phillipines Pagbilao LNG Energy World Corp. 2017 1 130,000 Poland Swinoujscie Baltic Gaz System 2015 2 320,000 Portugal Sines REN Atlantico 2004 3 390,000 Puerto Rico Penuelas EcoElectrica 2000 1 160,000 Singapore Singapore Singapore Energy Authority 2013 3 540,000 Spain Barcelona Enagas 1969 8 840,000 Huelva Enagas 1988 5 610,000 Cartagena Enagas 1989 5 587,000 Bilbao Enagas, EVE 2003 3 450,000 Sagunto GNF, Osaka Gas, Oman Oil 2006 4 600,000 Mugardos, El Ferrol Reganosa, Sonatrach, Sojitz Corp. 2006 2 300,000 El Musel, Gijón, Enagas 2013 2 300,000 Taiwan Yung-An CPC 1990 6 690,000 Tai-Chung CPC 2009 5 800,000 Thailand Map Ta Phut PTT LNG 2011 2 320,000 Turkey Marmara Ereglisi Botas 1994 3 255,000 Izmir EgeGaz 2006 2 280,000 USA Everett Suez LNG NA 1971 2 155,000 Lake Charles Shell, ETE 1982 4 425,000 Freeport Freeport LNG Development 2008 2 320,000 Golden Pass, TX Qatar Petroleum, ExxonMobil 2010 5 775,000 Pascagoula, MS Gulf LNG, Kinder 2012 2 320,000 UK Isle of Grain National Grid 2005 8 1,000,000 South Hook ExxonMobil, Qatar Petroleum,Total 2009 5 775,000 Dragon LNG, Milford Haven Shell, Petronas 2009 2 310,000

LNG Import Terminal Projects

Country Location/Project Owners/Project Developers Start up Storage Tanks Capacity China Shenzhen CNPC Yudean Power 2021 2 120,000 Yangjiang CNPC Yudean Power 2023 2 120,000 Zhangzhou Fujian CNOOC 2022 2 160,000 India Dhamra Odisha Indian Oil, Adani, GAIL 2020 2 320,000 Jaigarh Hiranandani Group 2019 2 320,000 Kodinar Hindustan Petroleum Corp. 2022 1 160,000

40 • LNG journal • The World’s Leading LNG publication p39-44_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:40 Page 3

TABLES

LNG FSRU Import Facilities

Country Location (Project) Owners Start up Argentina Bahia Blanca GasPort Excelerate/YPF Repsol 2008 Escobar GasPort Excelerate/Enarsa 2011 Bangladesh Moheshkhali Excelerate, PetroBangla 2018 Cox’s Bazar Summit Power International, Excelerate Energy 2019 Brazil Pecem, FSRU Petrobras 2009 Guanabara Bay FSRU Petrobras 2009 Salvador, Bahia FSRU Petrobras 2013 China Tianjin FSRU CNOOC, Hoegh, various 2013 Colombia Cartagena FSRU Promigas, Sociedad Portuaria El Cayao 2016 Egypt Ain Sokhna, Suez EGAS, Hoegh 2015 Ain Sokhna, Suez EGAS, BW Gas 2015 Indonesia Lampung Hoegh LNG, PGN LNG 2014 Nusantara (Jakarta Bay) Golar LNG, Pertimana 2012 Italy Livorno OLT Offshore LNG Toscana 2013 Jordan Aqaba, Jordan Golar LNG 2015 Kuwait Mina Al-Ahmadi KPC 2009 Lithuania Klaipeda Klaipedos Nafta Hoegh LNG 2014 Malaysia Malacca FSRU Petronas 2012 Malta FSU Armada Mediterrana ElectroGas 2016 Pakistan Port Qasim Excelerate, Engro Corp 2015 Port Qasim BW-Mitsui, PGP Consortium 2017 Turkey Aliaga FSRU, Turquoise FLNG Etki LNG 2016 Dortyol FSRU Challenger Botas 2018 UAE Ruwais, Abu Dhabi Gasco (UAE) 2016 Jebel Ali Port, Dubai DSA (UAE) 2010 UK Teesside GasPort Excelerate 2007

LNG Export Projects

Country Location/Project Project Developers Planned Number Capacity Start Up of Trains In MTPA

AUSTRALIA Pluto LNG expansion Woodside 2021+ 2 10.0 CANADA Bear Head LNG, Nova Scotia LNG Ltd. 2024 4 8.0 Goldboro LNG, Nova Scotia Pieridae Energy 2024 2 10.0 Kitimat LNG, BC Woodside, Chevron 2024 2 10.0 LNG Canada, BC Shell, Mitsubishi, Kogas, PetroChina, Petronas 2024 2 12.0 Kwispaa FLNG, Vancouver Steelhead LNG 2024 4 12.0 Vancouver Tilbury WesPac Midstream 2021 1 3.25 Woodfibre LNG, Squamish Pacific Oil & Gas Co 2020 2 2.1 EQ.GUINEA Equatorial Guinea Fortuna FLNG Ophir, Golar LNG, GEPetrol 2020+ 1 2.0 INDONESIA Sengkang LNG Energy World Corp. 2019 4 2.0 MALAYSIA Rotan FLNG (Sabah) Petronas, Murphy Oil 2021 1 1.5 MOZAMBIQUE Area 1 Onshore Anadarko Petroleum and partners 2023+ 2 10.0 Area 4 Onshore Eni and partners 2023+ 2 10.0 Area 4 FLNG Eni and partners 2022 1 3.4 NIGERIA NLNG Train 7 NNPC, Shell, Eni, Total 2022+ 1 7.0 PAPUA NEW GUINEA Elk-Antelope LNG Total, ExxonMobil Oil Search, Petromin Studies RUSSIA Sakhalin II expansion Gazprom, Shell, Mitsui, Mitsubishi 2021 studies Vladisvostok LNG Gazprom, Itochu, various 2023+ 2 10.0 Arctic LNG II Siberia Novatek, Total 2023 3 19.8 USA Alaska LNG Nikiski Alaska Gasline Development Corp. 2023+ 3 20.0 Annova LNG, Brownsville Exelon Corp. 2023+ 6 6.0 Commonwealth LNG, Louisiana Commonwealth LNG LLP 2023+ 8 9.0 Corpus Christi Liquefaction, Texas Cheniere 2019 2 9.0 Delfin LNG, Louisiana Delfin 2023+ 3 9.0 Driftwood LNG, Louisiana Tellurian, Total and others 2023 6 27.6 Freeport LNG, Texas Freeport LNG 2019 3 15.3 Galveston Bay LNG NextDecade 2023+ 6 27.0 Golden Pass, Texas Qatar Petroleum, ExxonMobil 2021 3 15.6 Jordan Cove, Coos Bay Pembina Corp. 2024 2 7.8 Lake Charles, Louisiana Shell, ETE 2024 3 15.0 Magnolia LNG Louisiana LNG Ltd. 2023+ 4 8.0 Port Arthur LNG Sempra 2023+ 2 10.0 Rio Grande LNG NextDecade 2023+ 6 27.0 Sabine Pass LNG, Louisiana Cheniere 2016-19 1 4.5 Texas LNG Brownsville Chandra, Meyer, Samsung, others 2023+ 2 4.0 VG LNG (Cameron Parish) Venture Global 2022 5 10.0 VG LNG (Plaquemines) Venture Global 2022 10 20.0 VG LNG (Delta-Plaquemines) Venture Global 2024 24.0

LNG journal • November/December 2019 • 41 p39-44_LNG 3 15/11/2019 10:40 Page 4

TABLES

LNG Exporters

Country Location/Project Shareholders Start up Liquefaction Storage Trains capacity No. of Total (nominal) mtpa tanks capacity m3

ABU DHABI Das Island (Adgas) ADNOC, Mitsui, BP, Total 1977 2 3.2 3 240,000 (UAE) 1994 1 2.5 ALGERIA Arzew Sonatrach GL4Z 1964 3 1.1 3 35,000 Arzew Sonatrach GL1Z 1978 6 7.8 3 300,000 Arzew Sonatrach GL2Z 1980 6 8.0 3 300,000 Arzew Sonatrach 2014 1 4.7 Skikda Sonatrach GL1K II 1980 3 3.0 5 308,000 Skikda Sonatrach (rebuild) 2013 1 4.5 ANGOLA Soyo Sonangol, Chevron, BP, ENI, Total 2012 1 5.2 2 370,000 ARGENTINA FLNG Tango Bahia Blanca 2019 1 0.5 1 16,100 AUSTRALIA Karratha NWS Woodside, Shell, BHP 1989 2 5.0 4 260,000 (BP, Chevron 1992 1 2.5 1 130,000 (Mistubishi/Mitsui) 2004 1 4.4 1 130,000 NWS partners 2008 1 4.4 1 130,000 Darwin Darwin (Bayu Undan) ConocoPhillips, Santos, Eni, Inpex, 2006 1 3.5 1 188,000 TEPCO, Tokyo Gas Australia Pacific LNG ConocoPhillips, Origin Energy, Sinopec 2016 2 7.5 2 320,000 Gladstone LNG Santos, Petronas, Total, Kogas 2015 2 7.8 2 280,000 Gorgon LNG Chevron, Shell, ExxonMobil 2016 3 15.6 2 360,000 Pluto LNG Woodside, Tokyo Gas, Kansei 2012 1 4.8 2 240,000 QCLNG Shell, CNOOC 2014 2 8.0 2 280,000 Wheatstone LNG Chevron, Woodside, Kuwait (KUFPEC), Jera, Kyushu 2017 2 8.9 2 300,000 Ichthys LNG Inpex Corp., Total 2018 2 8.9 2 330,000 Prelude FLNG Shell, Inpex, Kogas CPC 2019 1 3.5 BRUNEI Lumut Brunei/Shell/Mitsubishi/Total 1972-74 5 7.2 3 176,000 CAMEROON Hilli Episeyo FLNG Kribi Perenco 2018 1 1.2 1 125,000 EGYPT Damietta Union Fenosa, EGPC, EGAS 2004 1 5.0 2 300,000 Idku EGPC, EGAS, Shell, Total, Petronas 2005 2 7.2 2 280,000 EQ.GUINEA Bioko Island Marathon, Sonagas, 2007 1 3.4 2 272,000 Mitsui, Marubeni INDONESIA Bontang I Pertamina, VICO, JILCO, Total 1977 2 5.2 5 635,000 Bontang II 1983 2 5.2 Bontang III 1989 1 2.8 Bontang IV 1993 1 2.8 Bontang V 1997 1 2.8 Bontang VI 1999 1 3.0 Sulawesi LNG Medco Energi, Pertamina, Mitsubishi 2015 1 2.0 1 170,000 Tangguh BP, MI Berau, CNOOC, Nippon, LNG Japan 2008 2 7.6 2 340,000 MALAYSIA Bintulu (MLNG Satu) Petronas, Sarawak, Mitsubishi 1983 3 8.1 4 260,000 Bintulu (MLNG Dua) Petronas, Shell, Sarawak, Mitsubishi 1995 3 7.8 1 65,000 Bintulu (MLNG Tiga) Petronas, Shell, Sarawak, Mitsubishi, Nippon Oil 2003 2 6.8 1 120,000 Bintulu Train 9 Petronas 2016 1 3.6 Kanowit FLNG Petronas 2016 1 1.2 NIGERIA Bonny Island NNPC, Shell, Total, Eni 1999 2 6.4 2 168,400 Nigeria LNG (formed by above) 2002 1 3.2 1 84,200 Nigeria LNG 2006 2 8.2 Nigeria LNG 2008 1 4.1 1 84,200 NORWAY Snøhvit/Melkoya Equinor, Total, Petoro 2007 1 4.2 2 280,000 OMAN Oman LNG Oman Govt., Shell, Total, Korea LNG 2000 2 7.1 2 240,000 Mitsubishi, Mitsui, Partex and Itochu Oman Govt.,Oman LNG Union Fenosa, Osaka Gas, & Itochu 2006 1 3.7 2 240,000 PAPUA NEW PNG LNG ExxonMobil, Oil Search, Santos, JX Nippon Oil 2014 2 6.9 2 320,000 GUINEA PERU Peru LNG Hunt Oil, Shell, Marubeni, SK Group 2010 1 4.4 2 260,000 QATAR Qatargas 1-T1&2 QP, ExxonMobil, Total, Marubeni, Mitsui 1997 2 6.4 4 340,000 Qatargas 1-T3 QP, ExxonMobil, Total, Marubeni, Mitsui 1999 1 3.1 Qatargas II-T1 QP, ExxonMobil 2009 1 7.8 Qatargas II-T2 QP, ExxonMobil, Total 2009 1 7.8 8 1,160,000 Qatargas III-T1 QP, ConocoPhillips, Mitsui 2010 1 7.8 Qatargas IV-TI QP, Shell 2010 1 7.8 RasGas I- T1&2 QP, ExxonMobil, Kogas, Itochu, LNG Japan 1999 2 6.6 RasGas II- T3 QP, ExxonMobil 2004 1 4.7 RasGas II- T4 QP, ExxonMobil 2005 1 4.7 6 840,000 RasGas II- T5 QP, ExxonMobil 2007 1 4.7 Rasgas III – T6 QP, ExxonMobil 2009 1 7.8 Rasgas III – T7 QP, ExxonMobil 2010 1 7.8 RUSSIA Sakhalin Island (Sakhalin Energy) Gazprom, Shell, Mitsui, Mitsubishi 2009 2 9.6 2 200,000 Yamal LNG Siberia Novatek, Total, CNPC, Silk Fund 2017 3 16.5 4 640,000 TRINIDAD Point Fortin Train 1 BP, Shell, CIC, NGC 1999 1 3.0 2 204,000 & TOBAGO Train 2 BP, Shell 2002 1 3.3 1 160,000 Train 3 BP, Shell 2003 1 3.3 1 160,000 Train 4 BP, Shell, NGC 2005 1 5.2 1 160,000 USA Cheniere Sabine Pass Cheniere Energy 2016 5 22.5 5 800,000 Cove Point LNG Dominion Energy 2017 1 5.3 7 695,000 Cheniere Corpus Christi Texas Cheniere 2018 2 9.0 3 480,000 Cameron Hackberry Sempra, Total, Mitsui, Mitsubishi 2019 1 4.9 3 480,000 Elba Island Georgia Kinder Morgan, EIG Energy 2019 10 2.5 5 535,000 Freeport LNG,Texas Freeport LNG 2019 1 5.1 3 483,000 YEMEN Bal-Haf Yemen LNG, Total, Yemen Gas, Hunt Oil, SK Group, Hyundai 2009 2 6.7 2 320,000

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