Heritage The Story

By Verity Owens Education & Outreach Officer RNLI Grace Darling Museum

Portrait of Grace Horsley Darling by H Perlee Parker, 1838. Copyright RNLI Heritage Trust.

‘The Rescue of the ’ by F S Lowther 1886, after Charles Achille D’Hardvillier. Copyright RNLI Heritage Trust.

estled between the historic centres of Berwick upon Tweed to the north and to the south, lies the beautiful heritage Nvillage of . Poised on the stunning Northumbrian coastline in one of our country’s designated Areas of Outstanding Natural Beauty, this village was once the ancient capital of . The village scene is dominated by the restored leading it to rank highly on a recent survey of Britain’s favourite views. However, it is not such vestiges of power and might alone that cement this little village’s fame. Visitors to Bamburgh will also find a compact yet comprehensive museum dedicated to the heroine Grace Darling. Grace was an ordinary Victorian woman who found herself catapulted to international fame for performing the extraor- dinary sea rescue of nine shipwreck survivors. The museum was established on the centenary of this rescue in 1938 by admirers of Grace’s heroic deed, including the Royal National Lifeboat Institution. A -keeper’s daughter, Grace was born in her grandparents’ cottage, now three dwellings along from the museum, in 1815. Grace’s grandfather was the estate gardener for Bamburgh Castle, which at that time was managed by the Lord Crewe Trust. He tended plants and trees in the large walled garden now adjacent to the museum. Indeed some of this garden’s land was donated to the RNLI in order to complete the building of the RNLI Grace Darling Museum. After being baptised in St Aidan’s Parish Church which is directly opposite the museum, Grace moved into the little cottage attached to Brownsman Lighthouse on Brownsman Island, one of the 28 islands in the archipelago of the in the North Sea, which lie some five to seven miles out to sea from Bamburgh. Grace’s parents, William and Thomasin Darling had nine children, amongst whom Grace was the youngest daughter, so although the Darling family were the sole inhabitants of the outer Farnes, they did not want for company. Indeed, all the Darling children were raised to help with the running of the lighthouse. At the age of ten, Grace moved with her family to a new lighthouse on Longstone Island. Further out to sea, had constructed in a more effective location to warn ships of the treacherous reefs that comprise the Farnes. William Darling first lit its lantern in February 1826 after which there were no further shipwrecks at the Farnes for six years. Yet the Longstone lantern could not save the paddle steamer SS Forfarshire from disastrous shipwreck on Big Harcar rock, a mile from Longstone Island in 1838. Having set off from Hull on 5th September 1838 carrying 63 crew and passengers and a cargo load, the steamer had suffered from leaking boilers followed by engine failure. Continuing its regular journey to Dundee by sail power alone, the ship’s vulnerability increased as it was caught in a storm with hurricane force winds driving it southwards from its position near St Abbs Head. Captain Humble tried in vain to steer a safe course but the ship was driven amongst the hazardous Farne Islands. Striking Big Harcar at around 4am, half the vessel was lost to sea along with the majority of its passengers. Around 4.45am, Grace spotted the shipwreck and alerted her parents. That night, Grace and her parents were the only lighthouse residents and so, after ensuring through the rising light that there were survivors to rescue, William and Grace Darling rowed their fishing coble through tempestuous seas for an hour to reach the rock. Discovering too many survivors to rescue in one go, William leapt onto the rock to co ordinate the rescue, leaving Grace to handle the boat alone; continuous rowing was necessary to avoid falling prey to the rocks. Together they managed to transport five of the survivors to Longstone then William took two of the men he’d just rescued back to help rescue the remaining four survivors. In a four hour rescue operation, driven by the will to help others at risk of their own lives, Grace and William had saved nine lives. ANTIQUES INFO - January/February 12 Heritage Grace Darling is often described as an ordinary Victorian woman, yet her way of life is alien to us today. The majority of British light- houses are now uninhabited following automation. Longstone was automated in 1990. Our imaginations must work hard to picture Grace’s day-to-day routine in the early 1800s, which a visit to the RNLI Grace Darling Museum brings to life. Certainly Grace had her fair share of physical labour and late night watch duty. Her father inculcated a culture of hardiness and skill in his family and was respected for running a modest, pious and religious household. However, Grace Darling was by no means a figure of physical strength. Aged 22, she was 5ft 2in tall, of slender build, and may have been already suffering from the tuberculosis that later killed her, when she rowed out to rescue those in peril in the North Sea. The stark size contrast between the museum exhibits of Grace’s dress and the 21- foot-long coble with its heavy oars makes plain the exhausting effort The RNLI Grace Darling Museum frontage. she must have invested to accomplish this humanitarian act. Copyright Nathan Williams / RNLI. At a time when societal female roles were largely confined to the domestic sphere, it is no wonder that Grace Darling’s daring courage captured the nation’s attention by showing that female capability was seriously underrated. However, Grace herself was adamant her actions arose only out of duty, not opportunity and many contemporary admirers of her selfless action were outraged that a young woman had been so exposed to disaster, causing lobbies for shipping reforms. To others who enquired about the ‘adventure’ of Grace’s deed, she was quick to set them straight: ‘You requested to let you know whether I felt pleasure to be out in a rough sea which I can assure you there is none, I think to any person in their sober senses… I have often had occasion to be in the boat with my father for want of better help, but never at the saving of life before and I pray God, may never be again.’ Instant celebrity is not a foreign concept in 2011, but Grace Darling continues to be an inspirational role model. Her qualities of selflessness, courage, dependability and trustworthiness are equalled today in the RNLI volunteer lifeboat crews who provide a 24-hour Print of the interior of Longstone Lighthouse. Copyright RNLI Heritage Trust. search and rescue service around the and Republic of Ireland. Indeed, Grace Darling’s younger brother, Brooks Darling was amongst the RNLI volunteer lifeboat crew alerted to the Forfarshire shipwreck in 1838, who undertook a gruelling three hour row to Big Harcar to find all the survivors mercifully already saved. Today, the RNLI operates 235 lifeboat stations in the UK and Ireland and has more than 100 lifeguard units on 163 beaches around the UK. The RNLI is a charity, independent of Coastguard and government, and depends on voluntary donations and legacies to maintain its rescue service. Since the RNLI was founded in 1824 its volunteer lifeboat crews and lifeguards have saved over 137,000 lives. Grace Darling’s story is an important part of the sea rescue heritage of our island nation. As the RNLI honoured her and her father in 1838 with the award of silver medals for gallantry, the RNLI Grace Darling Museum continues this tradition today. Following a major redevel- opment funded by a £1M Heritage Lottery Fund contribution and other donations, the RNLI Grace Darling Museum reopened at the end of 2007. The museum is run by the RNLI Heritage Trust, which was ‘Rowing to the Forfarshire’ by J W Carmichael and H Perlee Parker, 1838. established in 2004 to support and promote the RNLI’s heritage. The Copyright RNLI Heritage Trust. Trust is a subsidiary charity of the RNLI and manages five museums, 24 historic lifeboats and extensive collections and archives. For more information on the RNLI please visit www.rnli.org.uk. To find out more about the museum and its opening times please visit www.rnli.org.uk/gracedarling or telephone 01668 214910.

Editor’s Note: This feature emanates from my own lifelong desire to contribute to the Grace Darling Story. Born not far from Bamburgh, I grew up with our heroine, who had almost an omnipresence on the school curriculum. In August 2011 I visited the new museum for the first time and once again embraced the atmos- phere of the place, the family plot in St Aidan’s Cemetery nearby and the adjacent castle which dominates the town. I would urge readers to try to visit this region which is surely one of the greatest cultural heritage sites in the United Kingdom. Drawing of the Forfarshire. Copyright RNLI Heritage Trust. ANTIQUES INFO - January/February 12