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1973 and 1974 Bedford Institute Of Oceanography Biennial Review 1973/74 Cover Design/Clarridge House Ltd., Halifax Bedford Institute of Oceanography Biennial Review 1973/74 Bedford Institute of Oceanography Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, Canada Printing: Earl Whynot & Associates Limited, Halifax Publisher: Bedford Institute of Oceanography ii GOVERNMENT OF CANADA DEPARTMENT OF DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY THE ENVIRONMENT MINES, AND RESOURCES I FISHERIES AND MARINE SERVICE GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF CANADA |-------------------------------~I I I | ATLANTIC MARINE ATLANTIC | OCEANOGRAPHIC ECOLOGY GECOESNCENTRE | LABORATORY LABORATORY | | BEDFORD INSTITUTE OF OCEANOGRAPHY |-------------------------------- The Bedford Institute of Oceanography is a Government of Canada complex whose staff undertake scientific research and surveys in the marine environment. It consists of three main units: THE ATLANTIC OCEANOGRAPHIC LABORATORY THE MARINE ECOLOGY LABORATORY THE ATLANTIC GEOSCIENCE CENTRE iii The Bedford Institute of Oceanography today. (AOL 3395) Architects’ mode/ of the Bedford Institute of Oceanography in the future. See Foreword. (AOL 3429.) iv Acknowledgements As editor of this Biennial Review, I gratefully acknowledge the assistance of Roger Belanger, Norm Fenerty, Betty Gidney, and Heinz Wiele, who produced most of the photographs, Brian Baxter, Art Cosgrove, John Lord, and Bob Sibley, who prepared most of the diagrams and illustrations, Olive Ross and Judy Simms, who typed the final manuscripts, Brian Nicholls, who assisted with the editing, and Cheryl Dauphinee and Michael Strong who provided proofreading assistance. M. P. Latremouille vi Short Contents Foreword . 1 A. Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory (AOL) .................. 5 Organization ............................................. 7 Research, Survey, and Senior Support Staff. ................. 9 Director’s Remarks ....................................... 12 Chemical Oceanography .................................. 15 Coastal Oceanography. ................................... 27 Metrology ............................................... 41 Ocean Circulation ........................................ 55 Hydrography ............................................ 67 TECHNICAL SERVICES ...................................... 79 Ships ................................................... 80 Engineering Services ..................................... 85 Computing Services ...................................... 92 Scientific Information Services and Library ................... 94 Drafting and Illustrations. .................................. 96 Photography ............................................. 97 B. Marine Ecology Laboratory (MEL) .......................... 99 Organization ............................................. 101 Research and Senior Support Staff ......................... 103 Director’s Remarks ....................................... 105 Biological Oceanography .................................. 109 Environmental Oceanography. ............................. 121 Environmental Quality .................................... 129 Fisheries Oceanography .................................. 137 C. Atlantic Geoscience Centre (AGC) ......................... 147 Organization ............................................. 149 Research, Survey, and Senior Support Staff. ................. 151 Director’s Remarks ....................................... 153 Eastern Petroleum Geology ................................ 157 Environmental Marine Geology ............................. 165 Program Support ......................................... 177 Regional Reconnaissance ................................. 181 D. Ocean Science Reviews ................................... 189 E. Major Publications, Cruises, and Staff Affiliations of 1973/74 . 275 vii Contents Foreword.. ......................................................... ........ 1 A. Atlantic Oceanographic Laboratory (AOL) ......................... ....... 5 Organization ..................................................... ....... 7 Research, Survey, and Senior Support Staff ......................... ....... 9 Director’s Remarks .............................................. ....... 12 ChemicalOceanography ......................................... ....... 15 Inorganic Chemistry ........................................... ....... 16 Trace Element Geochemistry ................................. ....... 16 Suspended Particulate Matter ................................. ....... 16 Halogen Transfer Across the Air-Sea Interface ................... ....... 17 Fluoride Marine Chemistry .................................... ....... 17 Organic Chemistry ............................................ ....... 16 Gulf of St. Lawrence Survey ................................... ....... 16 Development of Analysis Methods ............................. ....... 16 Physical Chemistry ............................................ ....... 19 Physical Chemistry and Marine Pollution Studies ................. ....... 19 Air-Sea Interaction Chemistry Studies .......................... ....... 20 Nutrient Chemistry ............................................. ....... 21 Gulf of St. Lawrence ......................................... ....... 21 “Overflow ‘73” .............................................. ....... 21 Digitizer.. .................................................. ....... 21 Stable Isotope Chemistry ....................................... ....... 22 Studies of 180/160 Ratios ..................................... ....... 22 Studies of 13C/12C Ratios ..................................... ....... 23 Stable Isotope Studies on Sediment Cores ...................... ....... 23 Mass Spectometry Laboratory and Related Facilities ............. ....... 23 Data Processing .............................................. ....... 25 CoastalOceanography ........................................... ....... 27 Gulf of St. Lawrence Studies .................................... ....... 27 Temperature and Salinity in the Gulf ............................ ....... 26 Internal Tides ............................................... ....... 28 Impact of River Regulation ...................................... ....... 29 Wave Climate of the North Atlantic ............................... ....... 30 Hudson Bay System ........................................... ....... 31 Estuarine, Coastal Embayment, and Nearshore Studies ............ ....... 32 Eastport Oil Study ........................................... ....... 32 Fingerprinting of Water Masses ................................ ....... 33 Flocculated Particulate Matter ................................. ....... 33 Saglek, Labrador, Oil Spill .................................... ....... 34 Strait of Canso, Nova Scotia .................................. ....... 34 Development of Techniques .................................... ....... 35 Statistical Analysis ........................................... ....... 35 Water Quality Modelling ...................................... ....... 36 Numerical Modelling ......................................... ....... 37 Remote Sensing ............................................ ....... 38 Support Activities ............................................. ....... 38 Metrology ...................................................... ....... 41 Design and Testing of New Equipment ........................... ....... 41 Underwater Electric Rock Core Drill ............................ ....... 41 Bottom Avoidance System for Batfish. .......................... ....... 42 Variosens Fluorometer ....................................... ....... 43 New CTD ................................................... ....... 43 . viii Prototype Laboratory Salinometer ...................................... 45 Digital System for CTD ................................................ 45 Deep-Towed, High Resolution, Seismic System ............................ 45 Acoustic Positioning Systems ............................................ 45 Accuracy and Repeatability of an LBS Positioning System .................. 45 Tracking Current Droques Under Ice .................................... 47 Identifying Radio Navigation Lanes ...................................... 47 Positioning Towed Bodies ............................................. 47 Air-Sea Interaction Studies .............................................. 48 Wave Follower Program ............................................... 48 Stable Tower Project .................................................. 49 Wind Turbulence Studies .............................................. 49 Other Projects ......................................................... 50 Recovery of SEA KlNG Helicopter ...................................... 50 Irving Whale ......................................................... 52 Events of 1973/74 ...................................................... 53 Ocean’74.. ......................................................... 53 Demonstration of Oceanographic Equipment ............................. 53 Workshop on Sensors in the Ocean Environment ......................... 53 Ocean Circulation ........................................................ 55 The Gulf Stream-Slope Water System ..................................... 55 Denmark Strait Overflow ................................................ 56 The Mediterranean Salinity Anomaly ...................................... 60 Numerical Models for Oceanic Processes ................................. 60 The Internal Structure of Lakes ..........................................
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