DOCSLIB.ORG

The Separation of the Chagos Archipelago

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Separation of the Chagos Archipelago Self-determination beyond decolonization? The separation of the Chagos Archipelago Diploma Thesis by David Jaritsch Submitted to be awarded the degree of a Magister iuris at the Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Supervisor: Assoz. Prof. Mag.iur. Dr.iur. Yvonne Karimi-Schmidt Institute of International Law and International Relations Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Berlin, 13th April 2020 Selbstbestimmungsrecht abseits von Dekolonialisierung? Die Separation des Chagos Archipels Diplomarbeit vorgelegt von David Jaritsch Zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades eines Magisters der Rechtswissenschaften an der Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz. Betreuerin: Assoz. Prof. Mag.iur. Dr.iur. Yvonne Karimi-Schmidt Institut für Völkerrecht und Internationale Beziehungen Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz Berlin, 13. April 2020 For Marianna and My Parents Declaration of Authorship I hereby declare that this thesis and the work presented in it are, to the best of my knowledge and belief, original and entirely the result of my own investigations. Where I have consulted the work of another person, due reference is made in the text of the thesis. Moreover, I certify that this thesis has not been submitted, either in part or whole, for a degree at this or any other University. Ehrenwörtliche Erklärung Ich erkläre ehrenwörtlich, dass ich die vorliegende Arbeit selbstständig und ohne fremde Hilfe verfasst, andere als die angegebenen Quellen nicht benutzt und die den Quellen wörtlich oder inhaltlich entnommenen Stellen als solche kenntlich gemacht habe. Die Arbeit wurde bisher in gleicher oder ähnlicher Form keiner anderen inländischen oder ausländischen Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. Die vorliegende Fassung entspricht der eingereichten elektronischen Version. David Jaritsch Berlin, 13. April 2020 I Abstract The right of a people to self-determination is rooted in a political concept. Over the years, it developed into a legal right. It represents a very intensively- and highly controversial debated issue in International Law. The two main questions concerning the right of a people to self-determination are: Who is entitled, respectively, what constitutes a people? Is there a right to secession deriving from it? In recent years examples such as Scotland, Crimea, and Catalonia show the importance of shedding light on the nature, content, and scope of the right of a people to self-determination. In 2019 the International Court of Justice (ICJ) rendered an Advisory Opinion on the Legal Consequences of the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965. Analysing that Advisory Opinion in the context of other relevant cases shall be the basis of the present Diploma Thesis in order to approach the central questions concerning the right of a people to self-determination. The case of the Chagos Archipelago is connected to the decolonization process. Nevertheless, the present Diploma Thesis aims to demonstrate how it may contribute to the further understanding of that fundamental principle of International Law. The Chagos Archipelago represents a well - suited research object for that purpose due to its relatively young but troubled history, small (former) population, geographical isolation, and the fact that it got separated from Mauritius in the middle of the era of decolonization. II Zusammenfassung Das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker hat seinen Ursprung in einem politischen Konzept. Über die Jahre hinweg entwickelte es sich in einen konkreten Rechtsanspruch. Die wissenschaftliche Debatte um das Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker gestaltet sich dabei äußerst intensiv und kontrovers. Zweifelsohne stellen die folgenden beiden Fragen den Mittelpunkt der zuvor erwähnten Debatte dar: Wer ist Rechtsträger bzw. was ist „ein Volk“? Ist ein Rechtsanspruch auf Sezession aus dem Selbstbestimmungsrecht der Völker ableitbar? Gerade in den letzten Jahren lehren uns Beispiele wie jene von Schottland, der Krim und Katalonien, das es wichtig ist die Rechtsnatur, den Inhalt und den Geltungsbereich des Selbstbestimmungsrechts der Völker näher unter die Lupe zu nehmen. Im Jahr 2019 veröffentlichte der IGH ein Rechtsgutachten zu den Rechtsfolgen der Separation des Chagos Archipels von Mauritius in 1965. Die Analyse dieses Rechtsgutachtens im Zusammenhang mit anderen relevanten Fällen soll die Grundlage der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit bilden. Mittels dieser Vorgehensweise sollen die zentralen Fragen des Selbstbestimmungsrechts der Völker behandelt werden. Der koloniale Hintergrund des Chagos - Falles ist offensichtlich. Nichtsdestotrotz ist das Ziel der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit zu demonstrieren, wie dieser Fall zum weiteren Verständnis des Selbstbestimmungsrechts der Völker beitragen kann. Das Chagos Archipel ist ein außerordentlich interessantes Untersuchungsobjekt wegen seiner relativ jungen- und trotzdem sehr bewegten Geschichte, zahlenmäßig kleinen (ehemaligen) Bevölkerung, geographischen Isolation und dem Faktum, dass es inmitten des Dekolonialisierungsprozesses von Mauritius abgespalten wurde. III TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ...................................................................................................................... II Zusammenfassung ................................................................................................... III List of Abbreviations .............................................................................................. VII Part I: Introduction .................................................................................................... 1 A. Context and significance ..................................................................................... 1 B. General information ............................................................................................. 3 1. The Chagos Archipelago .................................................................................. 3 2. The Chagossians ............................................................................................... 4 3. The creation of the British Indian Ocean Territory .......................................... 6 4. The expulsion of the Chagossians .................................................................... 8 5. The Chagos case ............................................................................................. 11 UNGA Res 71/292 (2017) ...................................................................................................... 11 Legal Consequences of the separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965 (Advisory Opinion) [2019] ..................................................................................................... 13 Part II: Chagos and self–determination ................................................................. 14 A. The right of a people to self-determination ....................................................... 14 1. Self-determination and statehood ................................................................... 14 Convention on rights and duties of States adopted by the seventh International Conference of American States (1933) .......................................................................................................... 15 2. Self-determination as a concept ..................................................................... 16 3. Self-determination as a right .......................................................................... 18 Charter of the United Nations (1945) Art 1 (2) and Art 55..................................................... 18 Statute of the International Court of Justice (1945) Art 38 lit b ............................................. 19 International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (1966); ................................................. 19 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (1966) .............................. 19 UNGA Res 2625 (XXV) (1970) ............................................................................................. 20 4. Decolonization ............................................................................................... 20 Charter of the United Nations (1945) Chapter XI ................................................................... 21 IV UNGA Res 1541 (XV) (1960) Principle IV ........................................................................... 22 UNGA Res 66(I) (1946) ......................................................................................................... 23 UNGA Res 146 (II) (1947); UNGA Res 219 (III) (1948); UNGA Res 332 (IV) (1949); UNGA Res 1654 (XVI) (1961); UNGA Res 1810 (XVII) (1962) ......................................... 23 UNGA Res 1514 (XV) (1960) ................................................................................................ 24 5. The exercise of colonial self-determination ................................................... 25 UNGA Res 1541 (XV) (1960) Principle VI ........................................................................... 25 6. The free and genuine will of the Chagossians ................................................ 27 UNGA Res 2625 (1970) Principle V ...................................................................................... 28 7. Possible consequences of free choice ............................................................. 30 B. The question of peoplehood .............................................................................. 31 1. People as the subject of self-determination ...................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Narratives of Oppression Michael Tigar American University Washington College of Law
    Human Rights Brief Volume 17 | Issue 1 Article 6 2009 Narratives of Oppression Michael Tigar American University Washington College of Law Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.wcl.american.edu/hrbrief Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, and the Human Rights Law Commons Recommended Citation Tigar, Michael. "Narratives of Oppression." Human Rights Brief 17, no. 1 (2009): 34-38. This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Washington College of Law Journals & Law Reviews at Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Human Rights Brief by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ American University Washington College of Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Tigar: Narratives of Oppression Narratives of Oppression by Michael Tigar The following piece is based on Professor Michael Tigar’s keynote address delivered at the “Strategic Litigation in International and Domestic Fora” event on October 12, 2009, at the American University Washington College of Law (WCL). Professor Tigar is a Professor Emeritus at WCL and a Professor of the Practice of Law at Duke Law School. Ten years ago, he founded the UNROW Human Rights Impact Litigation Clinic, which has represented, among others, the indigenous people from the Chagos Archipelago in their lawsuit in United States federal court. The Chagossians were forcibly uprooted from their homeland in the Indian Ocean in the 1960s and 1970s by the United States and the United Kingdom to make way for the U.S. military base on Diego Garcia. lthough I hope there are some general lessons to be drawn from my remarks, I am going to focus today Tigar.
    [Show full text]
  • British Overseas Territories Law
    British Overseas Territories Law Second Edition Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson HART PUBLISHING Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Kemp House , Chawley Park, Cumnor Hill, Oxford , OX2 9PH , UK HART PUBLISHING, the Hart/Stag logo, BLOOMSBURY and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published in Great Britain 2018 First edition published in 2011 Copyright © Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson , 2018 Ian Hendry and Susan Dickson have asserted their right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 to be identifi ed as Authors of this work. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. While every care has been taken to ensure the accuracy of this work, no responsibility for loss or damage occasioned to any person acting or refraining from action as a result of any statement in it can be accepted by the authors, editors or publishers. All UK Government legislation and other public sector information used in the work is Crown Copyright © . All House of Lords and House of Commons information used in the work is Parliamentary Copyright © . This information is reused under the terms of the Open Government Licence v3.0 ( http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/ open-government-licence/version/3 ) except where otherwise stated. All Eur-lex material used in the work is © European Union, http://eur-lex.europa.eu/ , 1998–2018. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
    [Show full text]
  • MRG Is an International Non-Governmental Organisation
    UNIVERSAL PERIODIC REVIEW (UPR) MID-TERM REPORT United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland Views of Minority Rights Group (MRG) on the Recommendations of the Working Group of the UPR Twenty-First Session (20 September 2012) MRG is an international non-governmental organisation working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities. MRG works with over 150 organisations in nearly 50 countries. MRG has consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and is a civil society organisation registered with the Organization of American States. Lucy Claridge: [email protected] 54 Commercial Street London E1 6LT United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0)20 7422 4200 Fax: +44 (0)20 7422 4201 Web: www.minorityrights.org 1 October 2013 1 1. Introduction 1.1 These Comments have been written for the Ministry of Justice to assist it in its preparation of the UK’s Mid-Term Report to the UPR (the “Mid-Term Report”) on the recommendations of the Working Group of the UPR adopted by the Human Rights Council on 20 September 2012 (the “Recommendations”). 1.2 These Comments have been prepared by Minority Rights Group International (MRG). MRG is an international non-governmental organization working to secure the rights of ethnic, religious and linguistic minorities and indigenous peoples worldwide, and to promote cooperation and understanding between communities. MRG works with over 150 organisations in nearly 50 countries. MRG has consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council, observer status with the African Commission on Human and Peoples’ Rights, and is a civil society organisation registered with the Organization of American States.
    [Show full text]
  • Feasibility Study for the Resettlement of the British Indian Ocean Territory
    Feasibility Study for the Resettlement of the British Indian Ocean Territory Draft Report 13th November 2014 CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 4 1.1 The British Indian Ocean Territory 4 1.2 Aims and overview of this study 5 1.3 Structure of this draft report 6 2 STUDY APPROACH AND METHODOLOGY 7 2.1 Guiding principles 7 2.2 Analytical framework 8 2.3 Key phases of activity 11 3 KEY ACTIVITIES AND RESETTLEMENT OPTIONS 13 3.1 Field visit to the British Indian Ocean Territory 13 3.2 Consultations and survey results 15 3.3 Overview of resettlement options 18 4 LEGAL AND POLITICAL ANALYSIS 20 4.1 Introduction and overview 20 4.2 Constitutional and governance framework 22 4.3 Treaty arrangements between the US and the UK 31 4.4 Environmental protection laws and conventions 32 4.5 Conclusions and implications for resettlement 35 5 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS 38 5.1 Introduction and overview 38 5.2 Assessment of key environmental issues 38 5.3 Evaluation of potential resettlement locations 48 5.4 Summary environmental comparison of resettlement options 55 6 INFRASTRUCTURE ANALYSIS 58 6.1 Introduction and overview 58 6.2 Assessment of key infrastructure issues 59 6.3 Summary of implications for resettlement 66 7 ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL ANALYSIS 68 7.1 Introduction and overview 68 7.2 Data sources 68 7.3 Indicative cost estimates 68 8 COMPARISON OF RESETTLEMENT OPTIONS 74 8.1 Choice of resettlement location 74 8.2 Environmental considerations 76 8.3 Comparative costs of resettlement options 79 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS BIOT British Indian Ocean
    [Show full text]
  • The Chagossians and Their Struggle, 5 Nw
    Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights Volume 5 | Issue 1 Article 4 Fall 2007 A Return from Exile in Sight? The hC agossians and Their trS uggle Christian Nauvel Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr Recommended Citation Christian Nauvel, A Return from Exile in Sight? The Chagossians and Their Struggle, 5 Nw. J. Int'l Hum. Rts. 96 (2007). http://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/njihr/vol5/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights by an authorized administrator of Northwestern University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Copyright 2006 by Northwestern University School of Law Volume 5, Issue 1 (Fall 2006) Northwestern Journal of International Human Rights A Return from Exile in Sight? The Chagossians and Their Struggle Christian Nauvel* “No freeman shall be taken or imprisoned, or be disseised of his freehold, or liberties… or exiled…but by the law of the land…” The Magna Carta. “Everyone has the right to leave any country, including his own, and to return to his country.” The Universal Declaration of Human Rights. “No one shall be arbitrarily deprived of the right to enter his own country.” The International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights. I. INTRODUCTION A. Scope and Purpose ¶1 The right to remain in one’s own country is a basic human right that has existed in one form or another since the times of King John and the Magna Carta.
    [Show full text]
  • LAW, DOMINION, and EMPIRE in the CHAGOS LITIGATION* TT Arvind†
    THE SUBJECT AS A CIVIC GHOST: LAW, DOMINION, AND EMPIRE IN THE CHAGOS LITIGATION* TT Arvind† Abstract This essay examines the judicial dismissals of the Chagossians’ attempts to challenge their forced exile on constitutional principles and on human rights grounds. Although the decisions present formalist justification, in neither case did the law require the decision that the courts reached. The decisions represent, instead, another step in an ongoing shift in the way relations between individuals and states are conceptualised. At the heart of this shift lies the representation of the state as pursuing irreducibly complex purposes and, hence, of being infinitely vulnerable to disruption by the actions of individuals. The common good of the polity, in such a conception, is understood as requiring and justifying the subordination of individuals and groups to those systemic interests. The conferral of rights accordingly becomes a privilege of citizenship, to be withheld at the state’s discretion from particular classes of its subjects. In the Chagos litigation, these trends operated in a particularly extreme way, transforming the Chagossians into ‘civic ghosts’: subjects of the law deprived of key ingredients of civic personality. The result of the judicial acceptance of such a status, I argue, is the banalisation of both constitutional law and human rights law, and their withdrawal from a central component of the role they claim to occupy in the post-war constitutional state. INTRODUCTION: CONSTITUTIONS AND RIGHTLESSNESS In legal thought, constitutions are typically seen as sources of legal rights, which protect basic personal interests and secure certain minimum safeguards to all members of a polity.
    [Show full text]
  • Disputes Over the British Indian Ocean Territory: December 2019 Update
    BRIEFING PAPER Number 6908, 17 December 2019 Disputes over the British By Jon Lunn Indian Ocean Territory: December 2019 update www.parliament.uk/commons-library | intranet.parliament.uk/commons-library | [email protected] | @commonslibrary Number 6908, 17 December 2019 2 Contents Summary 3 1. Chagossian resettlement? 6 1.1 2013-15: a new feasibility study conducted 6 1.2 2015-16: consultations held and policy review undertaken 6 1.3 June 2016: Supreme Court upholds the 2008 Lords verdict 7 1.4 November 2016: UK Government again rejects resettlement 8 1.5 Debate about support measures and restoring the right of abode 10 1.6 February 2019: Judicial review upholds the November 2016 decision and refuses leave to appeal 11 1.7 July 2019: Refusal of leave to appeal the upholding of the November 2016 decision overturned 12 1.8 2019 election: party manifestos and Chagossian resettlement 12 2. The status of the Marine Protected Area 13 2.1 March 2015: UN Tribunal rules the UK did not uphold the rights of Mauritius 13 2.2 The UK says that the MPA is still in effect 13 2.3 February 2018: UK Supreme Court says MPA is lawful 13 3. Sovereignty over the Chagos Archipelago and the process of decolonisation of Mauritius 15 3.1 2015: UN Tribunal unwilling to consider sovereignty 15 3.2 Mauritius warns it may refer the issue to the International Court of Justice 15 3.3 June 2017: UN General Assembly refers the issue to the ICJ 16 3.4 The powers of the ICJ 18 3.5 February 2019: the ICJ issues an Advisory Opinion 19 3.6 Initial reaction to the Opinion 19 3.7 May 2019: UN General Assembly endorses the Opinion 21 3.8 November 2019: General Assembly deadline passes without UK acknowledgement 22 4.
    [Show full text]
  • International Court of Justice Legal
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE SEPARATION OF THE CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO FROM MAURITIUS IN 1965 (REQUEST BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION) WRITTEN COMMENTS of THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 14 MAY 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Introduction 1 PART ONE: THE FACTS Chapter II: The Detachment of the Chagos Archipelago and the 11 independence of Mauritius A. British administration of the Chagos Archipelago as a lesser dependency 12 B. Events leading to the 5 November 1965 Agreement by the Mauritius Council 15 of Ministers to the detachment of the Chagos Archipelago in exchange for benefits C. Premier Ramgoolam’s wish to avoid a referendum demanded by the PMSD 29 D. The aftermath of the Constitutional Conference - the 5 November 1965 31 agreement by the Mauritius Council of Ministers E. The 1967 General Election and the Legislative Assembly’s vote for 33 Independence F. Reaffirmation of the Agreement by Mauritius post-independence 35 G. Conclusions 40 PART TWO: DISCRETION Chapter III: This is a case where the Court should exercise its discretion 42 so as not to give an Advisory Opinion A. Responsive Points 44 (i) The existence of the longstanding bilateral dispute 44 (ii) Mauritius’ case on non-circumvention 48 (iii) Other factors going to judicial propriety 54 B. Conclusions 54 i PART THREE: THE LEGAL ISSUES ARISING FROM THE QUESTIONS Chapter IV: Response to Question (a): The process of decolonization was 57 lawfully completed in 1968 A. Mauritius validly consent to the detachment of the Chagos Archipelago 59 through its elected representatives B.
    [Show full text]
  • Hri/Core/Gbr/2014
    United Nations HRI/CORE/GBR/2014 International Human Rights Distr.: General 29 September 2014 Instruments Original: English Common core document forming part of the reports of States parties United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland* [17 June 2014] * The present document is being issued without formal editing. GE.14-17462 (E) HRI/CORE/GBR/2014 Contents Paragraphs Page List of abbreviations ................................................................................................ 6 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 1 8 United Kingdom .................................................................................................... 2–55 8 I. General information about the reporting State ........................................................ 2–23 8 A. Demographic, economic, social and cultural characteristics of the State ....... 2 8 B. Constitutional, political and legal structure of the State ................................. 3–23 30 II. General framework for the protection and promotion of human rights ................... 23–48 34 A. Acceptance of international human rights norms............................................ 23–34 34 B. Legal framework for the protection of human rights at the national level ...... 35–40 36 C. Framework within which human rights are promoted at the national level .... 41–46 37 D. Reporting process to the United Nations at the national level ........................ 47–48 38 III. Information on
    [Show full text]
  • International Court of Justice Legal Consequences of the Separation of the Chagos Archipelago from Mauritius in 1965
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE SEPARATION OF THE CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO FROM MAURITIUS IN 1965 (REQUEST BY THE UNITED NATIONS GENERAL ASSEMBLY FOR AN ADVISORY OPINION) WRITTEN STATEMENT THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND 15 FEBRUARY 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter I: Introduction 1 A. Process leading to the Request for an Advisory Opinion 3 B. The main issues raised by the Request 9 (i) Whether the Court should exercise its discretion not to respond 10 to the Request for an advisory opinion (ii) The issues that arise on the substance of the two Questions, should 11 the Court nonetheless decide to respond C. Organisation of the Written Statement 13 PART ONE: THE FACTS Chapter II: Geography and Constitutional History of the Chagos Archipelago 19 A. Geography of the Chagos Archipelago and of Mauritius 19 (i) The Chagos Archipelago 19 (ii) Mauritius 22 B. Cession to the United Kingdom (1814) 23 C. British administration of the Chagos Archipelago as a 24 Lesser Dependency (1814-1965) D. The British Indian Ocean Territory: establishment and 28 constitutional evolution E. Conclusions 30 i Chapter III: The detachment of the Chagos Archipelago and the independence 33 of Mauritius A. Mauritius moves to independence 33 B. The 5 November 1965 Agreement by the Mauritius Council of 35 Ministers to the detachment of the Chagos Archipelago (i) Detachment is raised with Mauritius Ministers beginning 37 in July 1965 (ii) The 23 September 1965 meetings 40 (iii) Further exchanges in October and the Agreement of 45 5 November 1965 (iv) The 1967 General Election and the Legislative Assembly’s vote 46 for independence C.
    [Show full text]
  • Written Statement, Mauritius Submits As Follows
    INTERNATIONAL COURT OF JUSTICE LEGAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE SEPARATION OF THE CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO FROM MAURITIUS IN 1965 (REQUEST FOR ADVISORY OPINION) Written Statement of the Republic of Mauritius VOLUME I 1 March 2018 Table of Contents CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ...........................................................................1 I. The involvement of the U.N. General Assembly .............7 II. The questions posed by the U.N. General Assembly .....11 III. Summary of Mauritius’ Written Statement ....................14 CHAPTER 2 GEOGRAPHY AND COLONIAL HISTORY .....................................23 I. Introduction ....................................................................23 II. Geography ......................................................................23 III. Early and colonial history ..............................................29 IV. The Chagos Archipelago has always been an integral part of the territory of Mauritius .......................34 A. Constitutional, legislative and administrative arrangements ..............................34 B. Economic, cultural and social links ....................39 C. Recognition of the Chagos Archipelago as an integral part of the territory of Mauritius ............................................................43 V. Conclusion ......................................................................53 CHAPTER 3 THE PROCESS OF DECOLONISATION AND THE DETACHMENT OF THE CHAGOS ARCHIPELAGO FROM MAURITIUS ...............................................................................55
    [Show full text]
  • The Overseas Territories Security, Success and Sustainability
    The Overseas Territories Security, Success and Sustainability www.fco.gov.uk The Overseas Territories Security, Success and Sustainability Presented to Parliament by the Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs by Command of Her Majesty June 2012 Cm 8374 £29.75 © Crown copyright 2012 You may re-use this information (excluding logos) free of charge in any format or medium, under the terms of the Open Government Licence. To view this licence, visit http://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/doc/open-government-licence/ or e-mail: [email protected]. Where we have identified any third party copyright information you will need to obtain permission from the copyright holders concerned. Any enquiries regarding this publication should be sent to us at Overseas Territories Directorate, Foreign and Commonwealth Office King Charles Street London SW1A 2AH e-mail: [email protected] This publication is available for download at www.official-documents.gov.uk This document is also available from our website at www.fco.gov.uk ISBN: 9780101837422 Printed in the UK by The Stationery Office Limited on behalf of the Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office 2474732 06/12 Printed on paper containing 75% recycled fibre content minimum. Contents Forewords By the Prime Minister and Foreign Secretary ...............................................5 Executive Summary ........................................................................8 Map of the Overseas Territories ............................................ 10 Introduction
    [Show full text]