AIMA WEAE ISIUE WW1■$93MAiMMUM EI I 22 EAST 17th STREET, NEW YORK , . Y. January-February, 1958 Vol. 7, No. I

CALLOUSNESS ENCOURAGED BY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES WRONG KIND OF SCIENCE PASSES COMPULSORY HUMANE TEACHING SLAUGHTER BILL On February fourth, the United States House of Repre- In emulation of the Russian satellite experiment in which sentatives took the greatest step that has been taken in a dog was sent into space, high school boys in Austin, the past fifty years to prevent cruelty to animals. They Minnesota imprisoned a mouse in a home-made rocket and passed overwhelmingly the compulsory humane slaughter sent it 1,642 feet in the air. In perpetrating this unneces- bill, H.R. 8308, introduced by the Hon. W. R. Poage of sary cruelty, the boys doubtless felt they were being very "scientific". They sent the mouse off with the approval Texas. of their science teacher. In the three-hour-long debate, the supporters of the legislation fought with vigor and assurance against the Honest and mature American scientists take a more hu- largely niggling and underhand attacks of the opponents, mane and intelligent view than this science teacher, who and the bill was passed without any weakening amendments. appears to have been as lacking in biological knowledge as she was in humane feeling. A United Press dispatch from The Hon. Harold D. Cooley of North Carolina, Chair- Washington, January 22 stated: "The United States will man of the House Committee on Agriculture, was a put a simple form of life in one of its baby moons to be powerful defender of the bill which his Committee had launched between now and March, it was learned today approved, and the Hon. William Dawson of Utah, speak- Dr. Hiden T. Cox, executive director of the American ing from the Republican side of the aisle, worked cour- Institute of Biological Sciences, said Navy scientists are ageously for the measure despite the flat oppositio., of now altering satellite designs to accommodate a culture of Secretary of Agriculture Benson who resides in his Con yeast cells. Dr. Cox said this simple form of life will gressional District. yield 'infinitely more significant data than putting a mam- mal, such as a dog' in space at the present time." Mr. Poage Describes Slaughterhouse Cruelty The same would of course be true of any mammals, Mr. Poage began by pointing out that the meat packing including mice. But the experiment done with the mouse industry had "up until a few months ago done practically in Austin, and the other cruel animal experimentation done nothing to meet the requirement of human kindness, and increasingly in recent years by children in secondary schools, even decency in the slaughtering of animals:: He described has never had any relation to serious scientific knowledge. the routine slaughter of hogs, stating, "They still kill The boys in Austin were preparing to send up a second pigs by bleeding them to death on the gruesome wheel— mouse, when protests were heard from all over the country. an instrument of torture to which live, conscious hogs are The New York rld rbn published the following shackled in an endless line with a dozen or more being editorial on December 5, 1957: lifted some 12 or 15 feet into the air, to slowly and re- lentlessly move through possibly 50 feet of space where "To a Mouse they come even with a sticker. A sticker, my colleagues," On Being Shot Up 1,642 Feet in a Rocket Mr. Poage continued, "is a man who stands on a bloody pedestal with a knife—sharp at the beginning of the day Wee, lt, rn, tnfr bt, but certainly on many occasions in need of grinding— 0, ht pn n th brt with which he sticks the jugular vein of the hog. He hn nd n trt n ht, does not kill the hog. He is not there to kill the animal. brn brll The hog—or lamb and in some packing houses the calf— I d b tt t rn n h th, dies from the loss of blood as it is carried ever onward rdrn pttl by the inexorable movement of the endless chain to which it is attached by a steel chain around one hind l. If the 'Robert Burns was certainly absent from that conclave animal is a hog, it is shortly dropped into a vat of boiling of the Austin, Minn. Rocket Society, composed of high water. In most cases it has lost consciousness but numer- school boys, which launched a home-made rocket with a ous exceptions are reported." live mouse inside it last Saturday. Powered by a 'solid' Mr. Poage gave credit to those packing plants which fuel, the contraption rose 1,642 feet over the countryside have voluntarily adopted humane methods, and he con- at a speed of over 200 miles an hour. Then, quite logi- tinued, "Our committee has made an on-the-spot investi- cally, it crashed back to earth, its tiny passenger being gation of packing house killing practices. It was not a killed ipstantly on the impact. pleasing duty. We recognize that the slaughter of living "Perhaps this experiment proved something, though we animals is never a pleasant task. We found that the pack- doubt it. Let youngsters fire off tiny Sputniks if they can. ers have great difficulty securing and retaining men to do But why imprison a mouse, or any other living creature, the cruel and dirty work of knocking and sticking. Most in one, if no knowledge is to be yielded by its death? workers take these jobs because of economic necessity and Killing a mouse, suddenly, may be necessary to prudent quit them as soon as they can. Unfortunately, the few who housekeeping. Subjecting one needlessly to 3,284 feet of seem to want to stay with this work are generally either darkness and terror shows little reverence for life. If in- without any kindly feeling of compassion for the suffering of God's dumb creatures or are of such low intellect them (Cntnd n p 4) selves that they are immune to any pain except their own

This situation is not the fault of the packers, but it is Hoffman of Michigan and Mr. Farbstein of New York— most unfortunate—and it does exist." were attacking the bill on the most diametrically opposed grounds. Mr. Hoffman's heckling was largely aimed at May Sosos o Comusoy aw trying to prove that kosher slaughter is cruel, and the same innuendos were taken up persistently by two other The numerous sponsors of humane slaughter bills were Republican opponents of the legislation. Mr. Farbstein, recognized: Mrs. Griffiths of Michigan, who introduced on the other hand, was opposing the bills as spokesman the first such bill in the House, Mr. Dawson of Utah, Mr. for the Union of Orthodox Rabbis, the sole Jewish group Miller and Mr. Hiestand of California, Mr. McMillan of which continued opposition after the new amendment was South Carolina, Mr. Loser of Tennessee, Mr. Hyde of agreed upon. The Union of Orthodox Rabbis claims Maryland, and Mr. Broomfield of Michigan. that humane slaughter legislation leads to anti-kosher Mr. Poage then referred to the three sources of opposi- slaughter legislation. It must have come as a surprise to tion. First were the packers, whose protests he showed any observers whom the Union of Orthodox Rabbis sent to be invalid. Second were the livestock producers of to Washington to find that the numerous reflections on whom he himself is one. "I would not knowingly hurt kosher slaughter came entirely from men who ppd the livestock producers," he said, "but on the other hand the passage of humane slaughter legislation. This line of I know that the livestock man, if he is the kind of man attack formed a major part of the opposition. of whom we are so proud, is deeply interested in knowing that the cow he raised from a calf is not going to be need- Cooae Cuey a i Suec o lessly and brutally subjected to any kind of mistreatment, egisaie Acio and from the testimony of the packers themselves it seems clear that there is not going to be any extra costs to pass Mr. Dawson of Utah put an end to the tasteless jokes back. Hormel's several years of experience have resulted of Mr. Hoffman by calling attention to the fact that "hu- in a saving—not a cost. The third group of objections," morous statements and amendments may be offered to deter Mr. Poage continued, "came from an unexpected source. us from what we have in mind." We had recognized that some of our people hold religious "I am one of the original sponsors of the legislation," convictions in regard to the method of slaughtering animals he continued. "May I confess that I started out as a for food. The original committee bill had sought to deal reluctant sponsor. It is against my political philosophy with this simply excepting the Jewish ritualistic method generally to favor legislation which compels any individual of slaughter. It was, however, pointed out, quite fairly, or business or industry to do something which should be I thought, that any exception might be construed as a done voluntarily." Indicating that after independent in- brand of evil on a practice which we condemned but vestigation he was convinced that legislation was the only were willing to tolerate." Mr. Poage went on to explain way, he reported that some progress is now being made how the bill had been written declaring ritualistic slaugh- under the goad of the bill: half of the beef slaughtered tering as itself humane, how some feeling still remained under Federal Meat Inspection is now being slaughtered that this provision should be rewritten again, and how humanely, as contrasted with an amount so small one year at last it was possible to present language acceptable both ago that the Department of Agriculture did not even know to the Agriculture Committee and to the great majority what it was. "This legislation, Mr. Dawson went on, "will of these who had heretofore opposed the bill on religious have no effect upon the scores of packers who already have grounds. adapted their operations to conform with the minimum re- Mr. Poage read a letter from Mr. Leo Pfeffer on behalf quirements of humane decency called for in this bill. This bill is directed toward that segment of the industry which of the Rabbinical Assembly of America, the United Syna- has done too little; which will continue to do too little gogue of America, the Central Conference of American and will do it too late—or never. Without legislation, I Rabbis, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, and the American Jewish Congress, giving their support am convinced, cruel, wantonly cruel practices against mil- lions of animals will continue to be standard procedure. . . to H.R. 8308 as amended. Mr. Pfeffer made it clear, and I submit that corporate cruelty—if a ready alternative is Mr. Poage reaffirmed, that there was agreement on the amendments, pointing out that they "are not intended to available—is a fit subject for legislative action." deny the Department of Agriculture the right and power to prohibit any form of shackling and hoisting of conscious Aem o esoy i y Ameme animals" .ind making clear that "it is not, however, in- Another attempt to kill the bill came in the form pre- tended to and does not give the Department of Agriculture viously tried out in the Senate and in the House Agricul- any right or power to restrict or prevent the use of the ture Committee, with the encouragement of the packers. It Weinberg or revolving pen" (a humane pen for placing consists of deleting the effective sections of the bill, leav- animals in position for kosher slaughter.) ing only a study commission. Mr. Dorn of South Carolina Mr. Multer of New York spoke strongly in favor of tried to destroy the bill by such an amendment and he H.R. 8308 as amended, adding the American Jewish Com- worked himself up to a paeon of praise of Secretary Benson mittee's name to the list of large group supporters and for opposing the Poage bill. stating that the bill "will satisfy the overwhelming ma- Mr. Cooley, Chairman of the Agriculture Committee, jority of people of Jewish faith." He pointed out that had a few questions to ask him, however, and after noting viewpoint of the Talmud has been "the compassionate that it was the first time he had known that Mr. Dorn (who = summed up by one authority as 'kindness to animals is a is a Democrat) had "such great confidence in the Secre- purer act of goodness than helping one's neighbor. For tary", he asked what his study bill would do that 3 it is done wihout any hope of receiving a return'." wou not also do. "Is it not rather strange," Mr. Cooley During the course of the debate, it began to appear went on, "that the gentleman should come here and pre- that two of the most assiduous opponents of the bill—Mr. sent a bill, then object to its being read and ask to waive the reading of the bill, and then ask the House to reverse HUMANE SLAUGHTER LEGISLATION the Committee on Agriculture and take the gentleman's WRITTEN IN CANADA leadership and adopt a bill they have not even heard read?" J. AME fr th n Slhtr Atn "MR. DORN: All the bill provides for— E. AYO Cnltnt, rnt n St "MR. COOLEY: I wish the gentleman would tell us what it provides. In response to steadily-mounting public indignation, an amendment to the Criminal Code of Canada for the pro- "MR. DORN: A committee of eight, representing the tection of slaughterhouse animals was given first reading humane societies, the producers, packers and scientists. in the Canadian House of Commons on December 21st, "MR. COOLEY: To do what? To study for two long 1957 Bill No. 241 for the compulsory humane slaughter years?" of all classes of livestock climaxed an insistent demand for legislation which was becoming country-wide. It expressed Mr. Dorn talked on, but no matter how long he talked itself chiefly through the press and radio, in letters to the basic facts had been presented to the House by Mr. individual Members of Parliament, and pressure on the Cooley. Mr. Dawson hammered them home when he Ministries of Justice and Agriculture. said, "I hope in voting on this amendment we will keep in mind that we are either voting for this bill or against An important step in securing this legislation was taken it, because if this amendment is agreed to, it simply means a year earlier when, on the request of the City of Toronto we are giving the green light to certain packers to con- Health Dept. for investigation of the conditions at a tinue their inhumane practice in the hopes that delay will municipally-owned slaughterhouse, a Special Committee occur and nothing will be done. So I hope this amend- was formed, comprising humane officials, and representa- ment will be rejected." tives of the City Council, Health Dept., veterinary profes- sion, Jewish Congress, Meatpackers Council, and slaughter: Mrs. Griffiths of Michigan opposed the amendment ing trade. This Committee, after studying the facts and stating, "Legislation in this area is certainly long overdue. viewing operations, concurred unanimously in a Report Daily, we attempt to lead nations in matters of foreign which declared the following principle of humane slaugh- affairs, often emphasizing and stressing the fact that we ter: "No animal being slaughtered for food purposes are a nation guided by humane principles. Such reasoning should be shackled, hoisted, hung, cut, bled or scalded must appear hollow to people who long ago recognized the without having first been rendered unconscious and in- need for compulsory humane slaughter legislation and did sensible to pain in a humane manner." something about it." She also stated: "The latest figures of the Department of Labor show that accidents occur Following the adoption of this Report by the City of at almost double the rate in slaughterhouses as for all Toronto and its request to the Federal Government for industrial activity combined." enforcement legislation, a Joint Committee was set up by the Ontario S.P.C.A. and Meatpackers' Council to investi- Mr. Hiestand of California said, "The nation, Mr. gate methods of slaughter across the country and recom- Chairman, wants us to legislate for humane slaughtering. mend- improvements.– Two Federal Government veterina- . . . It is shocking to a lot of people in this country who rians attached to the Dept. of Agriculture were assigned have been writing to Members of Congress. They dislike to make the study, which included a visit to slaughtering to have their children know that we are continuing some- operations in Europe. Their Report, which was submitted thing of this kind years after European nations have to the Dept. of Agriculture in November 1957 made abolished it as cruel and inhumane. . . . I emphatically specific recommendations for the humane slaughter of oppose the amendment." The amendment was defeated cattle but deferred recommendations for the slaughter of by a vote of 122 to 73. hogs, sheep and lambs until further studies had been Public Opinion Demands Compulsory carried out. Humane Slaughter While this study was being conducted, the Humane Slaughter Association of Vancouver (British Columbia), Mr. Hoeven of Iowa, when he opened the Republican prompted by a statement of the then Justice Minister in part of the debate, said, "It has quite often been said that the Canadian House of Commons that the Criminal Code legislation is the result of public opinion. If there ever must be assumed to protect slaughterhouse animals unless was a bill which is the result of public opinion, it is it could be shown otherwise, instigated a prosecution for H.R. 8308." cruelty to animals in respect of the routine slaughter of When the time came to vote on the bill, the House of hogs. While the defense did not deny the fact of suffer- Representatives acted honorably and democratically, follow- ing, the case was lost in a Magistrate's Court, as well as, ing the wishes of the people for effective legislation and subsequently, on appeal, in the County Court, on the accepting the recommendation of the Committee on Agri- ground that adequate evidence had not been adduced re- culture which, under the leadership of Mr. Cooley and garding alternative methods, to show that the suffering Poage, had striven so sincerely to present the best measure was unnecessary. This ruling established the fact that the based on the most thorough study of the facts. The House existing law was inadequate and that further legislation passed the bill by a voice vote. necessary.

The New York Wrld lr Sn expressed the Public demand for immediate Government action to end feeling of all good citizens in an editorial (Feb. 7 195 the obvious sufferings of animals in slaughterhouses be- stating: "Certainly this is an overdue reform. The meat came increasingly vocal in the Winter of 1957 as the packing business is no frolic at best, but there is no excuse press printed photographs of the different processes and for inflicting needless cruelty on animals. leading journalists were assigned to the job of bringing "We hope the Senate speedily concurs." the subject forcibly to the attention of the public. Women's groups particularly exerted strong pressure. Radio com- criticism by interested parties, and welcomed suggestions mentators assisted with sound-track recordings of their as to any amendments which might be necessary. Humane abattoir visits and there was a vigorous letter-writing cam- societies have already submitted recommendations that the paign all over the country, reinforced by a country-wide terms of the Bill be expanded to cover hoisting and Petition to the new Conservative Prime Minister. When handling prior to slaughter, with particular reference to the larger meatpackers were receiving enough bad publicity, ritual slaughter. It has also been recommended that poultry they took the wise step of themselves recommending man- be covered by the Act. datory legislation. After suggestions for amendment have been considered, The Ministry of Agriculture for some time appeared to a new Bill will be introduced during the next Parliamen- hesitate about endorsing legislation from a doubt whether tary Session. This procedure will allow the packers a the enforcement of humane methods for all animals might reasonable time in which to make necessary plant changes put the smaller packer at a disadvantage. The Toronto before the law comes into effect. Humane Society showed its concern at this impasse by sending its consultant on Humane Slaughter to make con- tact with the Government sub-Committee at Ottawa which Callousness Encouraged was drafting legislation. Thus, practical, economical and (Cntnd fr p 1) proven methods, applicable to operations ranging from the creased interest in science is to lead merely to greate largest to the smallest, including also farm slaughter, were callousness the world will not have moved ahead." recommended to this Committee. Cattle were to be stunned Letters strongly supporting this humane thinking came by captive bolt pistol or percussion instrument (following, from many people. Animal protective organizations pro- also, the recommendation contained in the Joint Report); tested to the principal of the high school at Austin, asking calves and sheep should be stunned by captive bolt pistol. him to put an immediate stop to any further cruel ex- In large plants where the expenditure was warranted, CO periments with animals by pupils from his school. Not was recommended for hogs; in smaller plants, the captive long afterwards, an announcement was released stating that bolt pistol, possibly in conjunction with the use of one an artificial mouse would be substituted for a live one. or more pig-traps. But the mania to shoot animals into space had not So far as Kosher slaughter is concerned, expert medical stopped. An Associated Press story from Littleton, Colo- testimony has maintained that the Shechita cut when per- rado, on January 30, stated: "A live mouse was wrongfully formed by a qualified Shochet brings rapid death to the lofted high into space in a rocket fired by Littleton High animal. But the present practise of hoisting a live animal School students last month, Principal Hazlett Wubben says. preparatory to the cut was roundly condemned. Confer- Wubben said he learned of the experiment only last night ences with Jewish authorities had already established that and that nothing of the sort will happen again. He can- these brutal preliminaries are no part of the ritual, and celed the students' plans to fire a mouse named 'Flash' in these authorities have since expressed themselves anxious a two-stage rocket sometime soon. The Littleton Board of to remove any possible grounds for Jewish-Gentile mis- Education concurred. Apparently, Wubben said, the 20- understanding by adopting the casting-pens universally used gram mouse that was sent skyward last month was para- in European countries. This device humanely restrains the chuted to safety. That is his understanding, the school animal to receive the ritual cut. official said." Principal Wubben and his Board of Education represent On December 1 the Minister of Justice announced the feeling of decent Americans everywhere. We do not the Government's intention to introduce humane slaughter want cruelty to animals to be practiced or condoned, and we legislation, and 11 days later, the Humane Slaughter bill do not want our children taught to practice or condone it. received first reading, as follows: Dr. Cox, in indicating that yeast cells would yield more 1. Section 37 of the Criminal Code is amended by add- useful scientific information than a dog in present-day ing thereto the following sub-sections: satellite experiments, also noted that Russia may have gotten a lot of progaganda mileage out of putting a dog ( 3 In proceedings for an offenCe, under this section, evidence that a food animal Was slaughtered in Sputnik II. Perhaps some people admired the Russians for this, but their callousness earned them more bitter (a) without having been killed instantaneously, enemies. The Communists have always opposed animal and protective work, and rvd lashed out recently at people who "shed oceans of tears for 'wretched' cats and dogs; (b) without first having been rendered uncon- reached an even more ridiculous height of ven- scious by a humane method, is prima facie d Str omous attack on SPCA members, characterizing- them as evidence that unnecessary pain, suffering or "smugly complacent, opulent ignoramuses . . . All they injury was caused wilfully or was permitted can do," said "is to draw dainty bill of to be caused wilfully to that food animal. d Str, up a fare for their poodles which, incidentally, are far better (4) In sub-section (3), "food animal" means cattle, off than many American unemployed." It is obvious that swine, sheep, goat or horse. the writer, cut off as he is from the civilizing influence of the humane currents of thought which flourish in the Sub-section (3) does not apply where a food ani- ( 5 United States and the western European democracies, does mal was slaughtered in accordance with religious not even know what an animal protective society is. He ritual. can hardly be blamed for his ignorance because, in Russia, The Minister of Justice, in presenting the Bill, invited there are no animal protective societies.

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"SUGEY" OIS OU EE O mortality rose despite the fact that the operations were EE CAE A USE O performed exactly the same way. It was found that the EEIMEA OGS dogs suffered from hepatitis. It was necessary to stop the work and vaccinate the new dogs—which has been done Recognition of the vital importance of proper care, routinely since then—and the mortality rate dropped to housing and handling of experimental dogs and of the the previous figures. use of proper surgical techniques was given in the Feb- ruary issue of Srr, in the department which is under Experimental animals should be subjected to observation, the supervision of Dr. I. S. Ravdin. The writer of the edi- treatment, vaccination, and adequate feeding, prior to being torial, Dr. Perez-Alvarez, has written from time to time used for experiments. to the Animal Welfare Institute concerning animal care, From a practical standpoint, 100 per cent of the pound and we are grateful for his recommendation to readers of dogs must be considered infested by intestinal worms and Srr of our publications on care and housing of ex- fleas. If the infestations are pronounced, the animals are perimental animals. The editorial is published below with apt to be anemic, and even if their general appearance is the kind permission of the author, Dr. Ravdin and the not bad these animals are not good subjects for experi- publishers. mentation. This issue of the Information Report contains a report In order to avoid the factor of error represented by the on pages two and three of the terrible conditions now ob- animal's health condition, it is necessary to isolate the taining in large laboratories in Tokyo. We hope that the newly acquired animals from those already housed in the wise advice of Dr. Perez-Alvarez will be heeded there and laboratory, for a reasonable period of time during which in all laboratories where animals are suffering unneces- they should be observed (preferably by a veterinarian), sarily. Our own counry is far from perfect in this respect. treated and/or vaccinated, and properly fed. They should The Animal Welfare Institute is ready at all times to pro- be handled by trained personnel.* vide detailed information without charge on the proper Second, let us consider the general surgical technique. care, handling and housing of experimental animals to The fact of living in the era of antibiotics has resulted in research scientists and animal room personnel. a relaxation of the surgical discipline among surgeons of the present generation. The results have begun to show SOME ELEMENTS OF ERROR IN up with the increasing frequency of surgical infections by EXPERIMENTAL SURGERY bacteria resistant to the antibiotics. These have had to be b . . PLREZ-ALVAREZ Inttt nl d Crdl made of a wider "spectrum" in order to be effective. Mx Ct, Mx In the fascinating subject of extracorporeal circulation In the medical literature based fundamentally on ex- that has materialized the surgeon's dreams of working perimental data, and especially in publications of recent within the cavities of the heart, not only bloodless but years during which a real passion for cardio-vascular sur- quiescent, the physiologic conditions of the individual are gery has developed, reference is made with extraordinary sc much modified that an enormous number of •his bio- frequency to deaths of the animals used in the experiments logic processes are changed. Some of these changes are due to causes partially or totally strange to the procedure already known; about others there is still controversy, but performed. These causes are varied—pyothorax, pneumonia, still others--and they are not few--remain obscure. For distemper, hepatitis, heart worms, and so forth—and very this reason, in experiments of this kind, the observance of often the experimenter reports deaths due to "unknown a meticulous surgical technique is essential. causes' that may or may not be related to the experiment. Granted that when one is trying to perform an acute Let us consider those factors that may interfere with a experiment, the result of which demands the sacrifice of satisfactory control of this type of experimentation by add- the animal at the end of the procedure, a non-sterile tech- ing elements of error which are very commonly overlooked. nique is permissible. But if the results of the experiment First, in order to obtain uniform and consistent results are to be evaluated under the light of, first, the death or in experimental research, it is only logical to use animals survival of the animal, second, the changes on its biologic in as uniform astate of health as possible. Let us imagine processes, and, third, the resulting pathology in its organs, a series of hypothermia experiments is performed on dogs one must try to avoid by all possible means strange mechan- that suffer from undiagnosed distemper. It would not be isms being added to the experiment proper. Infections are unusual if they should die of pneumonia. Dogs that have oemos o e commo acos a may soi a oe- heart worms will be more prone to develop ventricular wise well-conducted research. Whenever he wishes to have fibrillation. But, if a group of healthy dogs subjected to the experimental animal survive, the conscientious investi- hypothermia die of pneumonia, this may mean that hy- gator must follow the general surgical principles especially those pertaining to asepsis. pothermia lowers the organic defenses and that something must be done to prevent it; or, if dogs with healthy myo- Finally, in regard to postoperative care, present-day sur- cardium develop ventricular fibrillation at a certain tem- gery could never have become the marvelous reality we perature, it will mean that such a degree of hypothermia are witnessing, should it have limited its progress to the favors the presentation of ventricular fibrillation. (Cntnd n At the research laboratory of Dr. Claude S. Beck in Cleveland, where several thousand dogs have been used *Pamphlets containing instructions relative to the appropriate for the study of the surgical treatment of coronary disease, care and housing of the experimental animals can be obtained free, from the Animal Welfare Institute, 22 East 17th Street, there was a period of time during which the operative New York 3, . Y. OGS I AAESE AOAOIES

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All over the world experimental dogs are in need of protection. The above photographs were taken by the Cl hll nd thr ndbl trl Japan Animal Welfare Society which reports concerning t rt n hospitals and university medical departments: "In some fr fd, tl br cases the animals, particularly dogs, were without food and water, or shelter from the elements; many were being operated on without anesthesia, few of them received post- It is estimated that about 1,500 dogs per month an operative attention, many dying from the after-effects of used in Tokyo laboratories. Where adequate funds are not exposure." available to feed large numbers of dogs, they should not A worker reporting on conditions in a leading univer- be allowed to recover from the anesthesia following an sity in Tokyo, where dogs are in cages stacked four tiers operation. The Japan Animal Welfare Society is currently high, notes: "Four dead and bodies partly decomposed. providing large amounts of barbiturates for anesthesia in Still their water bowls filled with urine and faeces. Clam the laboratories and for euthanasia in the pounds where shells for food. Wounds open and flies and maggots the animals were formerly killed painfully with strychnine. having a feast. Not enough room for the dogs to stretch New and very well designed quarters for experimental ou Most were dying. In another shed, further away, rats and _dogs, which might well serve as a model for 50- - g were crying 'helplessly without water. The dogs other laboratories in Japan, have been built at Kyoto Uni- in the top cages could not help voiding into the cages versity. Here eight comfortable kennels attached to the below. The eyes of every dog were pleading for help. main building are provided for dogs and unusually good The smell was of death and decay." cages for rats have been devised which provide enamel- A long series of reports on other institutions, in which ware nest boxes built into each cage and filled with straw the dogs are in desperate need, contains one happy ending. bedding. It concerns a hospital in which "the Surgeon in charge In the forthcoming supplement to "Comfortable Qua- has written a letter to all doctors and students telling es for Laboratory Animals," the Animal Welfare Insti- them they must treat the dogs with kindness. They have tute plans to show pictures of these excellent new animal employed a full time woman to feed and clean and buy quarters in Kyoto, which were sent to the Institute by Dr. food." By this simple means, the useless anguish under- Motorori Fujiwara of the University's Department of gone previously by the dogs there was alleviated. Similar Hygiene. steps should be taken in all Japanese laboratories.

/ MISUSE O E IIEGE O USIG AIMAS O EEIME These photographs were taken in two of 'Tokyo's largest laboratories. The Secretary of the Japan Animal Welfare Society writes: "Unfortunately, black and white photog- raphy cannot show the truly gruesome conditions that exist in this animal prison. None of the animals kept in these filthy cages are ever allowed out for exercise; food and water is practically non-existent and were it not for the visits of our ladies these wretched creatures would literally starve to death. Pre- and post-operative care is unknown here and many of the poor animals die from exposure. - Of the second laboratory he writes: "I made a tour of inspection of the dreadful cellars. In one of these, an 'experiment' was being performed on a dog — the unfor- tunate creature was lashed down to a filthy wooden vice while the doctor assisted by two young people, a boy and a girl about 17/18 years old, had opened up the dog's stomach and was performing some internal operation. The dog was, I am glad to say, under anesthesia (supplied by the Japan Animal Welfare Society). However, the thing that was especially horrible was not the sight of these young people being indoctrinated in this way but the fact that there were two living and fully conscious, and thoroughly terrified dogs tied to a bench nearby where they could watch the whole ghastly business. Another victim, who had obviously just left the operating table was thrown down into a filthy box in one corner. A fourth dog and the luckiest of this unhappy quartet lay dead at my feet— he had not survived and his agonies were over. All around lay filth, blood, matted fur, entrails, filthy rags and swabs, and rats ran around quite freely. Leaving these scenes of almost unbelievable horror I walked through other cellars only to find similar revolting spectacles on every side. In one cellar scores of rabbits and other small creatures crouched in hutches so small they could hardly move and certainly not turn around. Large wild rats ran quite calmly about.' (Cntnd fr of loading and travel, despite due care, bruises and horn technique alone. For this reason it is imperative that the wounds are common. postoperative period be followed closely and that the ani- A recent field test tells an interesting story. Thirty head mals be kept near the laboratory at adequate environmental of quite wild yearling beef calves were brought from a temperature and humidity, observed, at regular intervals for Kansas ranch to a community sales barn. Half of the calves possible complications, treated in case these should occur, were given a painless intramuscular injection of Diquel and inexcusably examined postmortem should they die. All tranquilizer. The other half, fifteen head, received no drug. the value of the experiment, all the time and effort of the The calves were then loaded in a huge open trailer and personnel, all the material used, and all the money repre- the two groups separated by a partition for the all-night sented may have been wasted if this is not done. Again ride to Jensen-Salsbery's research laboratory. Upon arrival the need for proper housing of the animals and for trained they were unloaded into a small pasture. personnel who must dedicate enough time to the care of The contrast in the two groups was clearly visible. The them and who must have available means to care for the treated cattle had less shrink in body weight. They did animals properly are essential. less fence walking and bawling. When approached they stood quietly and continued to chew their cuds. Most of It may be argued that all this is expensive. Yes, them offered no resistance to a stroke by the hand. progress is expensive but necessary, and in the final analysis In -contrast to the •treated calves, the untreated calves it is cheaper to do a thing right once than to do many turned tail and ran to the far end of the pasture when things wrong many times. approached. Cud chewing ceased; the ears were up and eyes were vigilant. None could be approached for a hand THE ROLE OF TRANQUILIZERS IN THE stroke. HUMANE TREATMENT OF ANIMALS Trials are also being scheduled to test tranquilizers on range calves at weaning time. This is always an ordeal of By A Quix, Director, Professional Service, Jensen-Salsbery Laboratories, Inc., Kansas City, Mo. stress and turmoil. Tests already completed at the Uni- versity of Nebraska's Department of Veterinary Science are A new era is opening up in the humane handling of most encouraging. Tranquilized calves did less fence walk- all types of animals through selective usage of the much- ing, ate better and there were no sore throats from con- publicized tranquilizer drugs now so widely prescribed by stant bawling. the medical profession. Data on tissue residue tests of Diquel have been sub- Veterinary science and practice have kept pace with de- mitted to the federal Pure Food and Drug Administration. velopments. „Injectable or tableted tranquilizers are now If usage approval is granted, the tranquilizer will be a routinely used in small and large animal practices. 'Shy, wonderfully humane measure for cattle sent to slaughter. frightened, over-nervous or over-aggressive dogs become Technical studies also indicate that the tranquilizer will docile and content in the new environment of the hospital eliminate so-called "dark cutters", an objectionable meat cage. The pet that has near-hysteria from the fright of quality caused by pre-slaughter stress. Fourth of July firecrackers can now be tranquilized and Tranquilizers have opened up new possibilities in the enjoy the day with the rest of the family. The drugs also humane capture of wild animals and for easier handling seem to most effectively prevent car sickness of pets, an of zoo animals. Currently, Doctor Deets Pickett, a Kansas accident that heretofore has spoiled many a pleasure trip. City veterinarian, is putting the new dart gun nicotine- Technical reports also confirm that conjoined use of tran- tranquilizer type of capture under trial with Mr. Phillip quilizer makes possible a sharp reduction in the needed Carroll at Yaounde, French Cameroons, Africa. dose of anesthetic — a step that adds materially to safety High interest is also evidenced in use of tranquilizers during surgical operations. The tranquilized dog or cat on the thousands of monkeys brought from overseas for is less restless and more free from pain during the days polio vaccine production. following major surgery, fracture settings, etc. Much study and observation still remain to be done on Tranquilizers also have a wide field of application in the indications and varied usages of tranquilizing drugs on large animal veterinary practice. Through their judicious all species of animals. But, by now, it is clearly evident that use, wild or "hard to handle" animals submit to restraint they have a valued and practical place in the humane quietly arid with little or no evidence of fear. This is not scheme of things. only a wonderful boon to the animal, but it also cuts down accidental and often serious injury to those who PUBLICATIONS AVAILABLE must restrain them. Copies of the newly revised edition of "Basic Care of The research department of Jensen-Salsbery Laboratories, Experimental Animals", the Institute's illustrated manual in cooperation with a large European pharmaceutical house, for use in experimental laboratories, have been mailed out has recently made available a tranquilizer specifically pat- during the past month to all who had requested it after terned to the central nervous system of mammals other the proposed revision was announced last Fall. Any labora- than man. This drug, trade named Diquel, has an especial- tory which desires individual copies for each animal care- ly wide margin of safety and freedom from side effects. A taker is invited to write to the Institute. There is no single dose will tranquilize an animal for two to three days. charge for this manual. Because the new drug has such wide safety and pro- Also available from the Institute's office is the greatly longed action, extensive field trials are underway in tran- enlarged, second edition of the "UFAW Handbook on

quilizing cattle subjected to shipping by truck or train. the Care and Management of Laboratory Animals" pub- Shipping is always a harrowing experience for the semi- lished in February, which is being sold for $9.80. Orders domesticated cattle taken from open range for consignment from many experimental laboratories have recently been to feed lots. t xcitement, fear and sudden change from filled. Another publication by the Universities Federation open range to the claustrophobia of the truck or stock car, for Animal Welfare which may be of interest to readers together with the exhaustion of travel, precipitate a classic of the Information Report is available from the Institute: stress complex. The end result is greater risk of shipping "The Status of Animals in the Christian Religion" which fever and other infective diseases. During the excitement sells for $1.25.

AIMA WEAE ISIUE

AISOY COMMIEE ee ice ee Okkeeg ose Woo Kuc ai icao OICES Cisie Sees Ae Gacy oge Sees Esea ae May M icas rdnt rdnt rrr Extv Srtr Atnt rrr AIMA WEAE ISIUE

22 EAS th SEE EW YOK Y

May-June, 1958 Vol. 7, No. 3

THE NATION'S PRESS DEMANDS THE OVERHOLT CLINIC CASE EFFECTIVE HUMANE SLAUGHTER When the bodies of four dogs were found in a pond LEGISLATION near Franklin, Massachusetts, on March 30, local police officials set out to investigate. The bodies showed signs of On June 18th, Swift, Armour, Cudahy, Wilson and recent operations, but no one knew who had performed other meat packers won a round in their fight against them. The investigation led to a kennel in the woods humane societies, the General Federation of Women's where dogs which had undergone major heart surgery and Clubs, and religious groups such as the Board of Social tests on the heart-lung machine were maintained on mud and Economic Relations of the Methodist Church, the and were fed garbage. Not surprisingly, the mortality was high, but the doctor who did the operations, Dr. Fred Southern Baptist Convention, the National Council of Panico of the Overholt Clinic, had never found time to Catholic Women, and other citizens who are seeking to visit his animal quarters, and he expressed satisfaction at curb cruel slaughtering practices. The humane slaughter the condition of the animals when they were brought to bill had long been delayed in the Senate Agriculture Com- him, although others who saw them were horrified at their mittee after passing the House of Representatives over- emaciation. His attitude in this respect is typical of far too many research workers who, like Dr. Panico, are very whelmingly this February. Senator Ellender, Chairman of much interested in their work, but totally indifferent to the Committee, obtained defeat of the humane measuie their experimental subjects. by amending it into the study bill which the meat packers The publicity attendant on this case (in which both Dr. wish to see enacted as a hedge against effective legislation. Panic° and his animal caretaker, James Hawkins, were The bill met this same fate in the Committee in 1956. found guilty of cruelty to animals), has led apologists to But the House Committee on Agriculture investigated seek refuge in the statement which is accurate so far as it slaughterhouses in person, observed cruel methods in use goes: a e ak oe in Franklin is not e usuarac- commodation for experimental dogs. on most animals and practical humane methods in use in some plants. They sent an effective bill (requiring the use The point which the Animal Welfare Institute hopes of humane methods by all packers wishing to contract with will be driven home to all honorable scientists is that the Dr. Panicos of medical research do not care how their the government) to the House by a majority of 25 to 3, animals are housed and cared for. Whether it be mud and it was passed by voice vote. The Senate Committee and garbage, or wire mesh and pellets, whether the dogs did no slaughterhouse inspection. At the recent hearings are totally neglected or whether they receive a daily hosing they even refused to see and hear a sound film graphically along with their cages by callous attendants, it is all one depicting routine pig slaughter as inflicted on more than to this type of research worker. In the hope that decent research workers will read the following testimony pre- 80,000,000 pigs each year. Then they passed a study bill, smted at the trial, and that it will lead them to insist which would not protect even one animal, by a vote of firmly upon decent treatment of experimental animals, ex- 1 o 5 cerpts from the court record are printed below. Humane slaughter proponents will contest the decision. The trial of Hawkins, one-time employee of the Over- They state that the Senate as a whole cannot be dominated holt Clinic of Boston, who kept the dogs on his chicken by the meat packers. The United States is one of the few farm and sold eggs to the hospital, was held on May 14, civilized countries which does not require humane slaugh- 1958 at the District Court, Wrentham. The first witness was the Chief of Police who had discovered the dogs. tering methods in its packing plants. Humane methods whereby animals are rendered insensible to pain and fear, h Crt. e e was ow age? have been proved to save money by reduction of bruising Chf f l. e e was aou eig ee og a ie ee wie a a secio Isie e e wee eee of meat, injury to workers on the killing floor, reduction ogs a wee ey i some o em a ases ski in labor turnover and operation, and other factors. More ases Oe o e ous was ega a aso i oug e ces ee wee wo coaies o a ick muy su- mail has reached Washington for enactment of the legis- sace wic was aso gaage lation than on any other issue during the past two years. r fr th dfndnt. I Newspapers throughout the nation have been demand- h Crt. I ik a is geeay accee wa ga- age is I o ik you ae o escie a I wi ing enactment of effective legislation, and strong editorials ami a

have appeared in the New York Times, the St. Louis Chf f l. ee was aso a ea cicke wi e Post Dispatch, the Denver Post, the Chicago Daily News, eaes o a oe o e ogs was ickig e eaes o a aso aemig o ea e cicke I aske M awkis the Cleveland Plain Dealer, the Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, wee e ogs a come om a e sai om e Oeo the New Orleans Times-Picayune, the Dallas News, the Ciic i oso A as I sae e was ai $5 a week e aso sae a e ogs a wee oeae o e San Francisco Examiner, the Mobile Register, the Little was o ee a we ey wae e ogs ack a e Rock Democrat, the Portland Press Herald, and many Oeo Ciic ey wou ca im a oiy im wic ogs ey wae o see ack a e ciic ee was oe others. Some of the editorials which have appeared since i ack og a was ayig o is sie I is oug the study bill was reported out of the Senate Agriculture e og was ea Committee are reprinted on page two. (Cnfnd n 4) MOAY, UIS SO, . OUE Ism. MIAMI, A. EWS aoigo oe Cic, . 0.26 • . 2.6 e oi AE SUAY, UE 22, 2 . -oua AK Emmos, uise. l ueam, &Moi Cie przn Wth Crlt I is a ea misoue a e Seae Agicu Cruelty In Our Society ue Commiee, yieig o e essue o wi ig a, wou •ouse e comas usay, ae 26, 6SEIS USCAOOSA MS ume o ig mea ackes, eoe o Wees e umae Sauge e . Kid ess AnimalsAnimals aeo coMiec,ISiiiio i ay • cyica i caig o a woyea suy miusa.e agoy ca e aoie a acio. o sesie oecios o o umae Meos o sauge i Ameica y oy • sma cas ouay. ackig ouses. e commiee a eoe i a Is assage ae ee esee. Shouldn't Require Stb r n Slhtr e eame o Agicuue e oy useis oecio o e moeae acica measue. a comaio o e i, wic asse e ouse as e oe M as yiee o e essue o e Suoes o • umae sauge is yea a o ay oage i asse y e ouse o eeseaies, Ameica Mea Isiue i caig uay, comes om Ooo ewis uig e as wo yeas. 'Further Study' U o e mea ackig iusy ow wic wou ae ecue Uie Saes Go o ue suy o e i — a gous. u e i seciicay saes ooes o is measue eceie a seack is week we acio. e eme ucases o oucs om sauge o a sue meo o kiig ee Ca e aw wi o ay o e CUOES o e umae Sauge i ace aeo gua igious oseaces. e Seae Agicuue Commiee a e •ee ouses emoyig iumae eciques. e i e egisaio. u wi . umas ae os a ae, u ey ae eemie measue asse y caces ae e ac a egisaio is ee emee e measue, i oug eoe e oougy esee e AgicIue Commiees sauge aeay e ue i May a ey ae o os I wa, ei eock e ouse o make i • suy ecessay o equie kiess wic Seae, wi e asse uess ee aoa. We oe i wi e susiue o e o ou es ackig ouses a us came i e Seae Agicuue Commiee. I Immue. e ouay is a sa com Is a aou eo y ooes iaoy a easie measue eoe y e mos Euoea couies, wa is sou oe e esoa sam o ei ogime o e i ea wi simiay meay o ou suosey ciiise o e ouseasse i o oeu Commiee we e issue comes o e oo. ee o suy oe, Seao Scuoa o ouisiaa, wo is y is Seae I 66. is r magi e eise i omiey. es e is cuey ow. e 2 ee is o ee waee o a wo.yea suy e oy eese o e ackes e commiee caima. owee, wiesea iees a oaie I e Seae Agicuue wi e cos o coesio om a e oig ie.u was a cuious oe s o umae sauge eciques. ey ae ee suo was geeae o • Commiee. aic wees a sickes o a me measue. wic wou oige mea ackes o , suie a eece y oiesiies ey ae umae sauge i a e Suoes o e o caica suig eice o aes ig usiess wi e goeme ouse umae ouse asse a easue equiig sauge egisaio ae ug ee ese i oeaio y a ume o oge eic equime. Sceams om meos i kiig aimas, oes o seem Cu e use o umae meos y a eea o e i eoe o sie mea ackes, ey ae og ee i use— eeig aimas, wic ae oe ae a aisa cooaio, oe oes i Imy my ackes wisig o coac wi y e Seae commiee a. a equie y aw—i ciiise Euoea cou oe si coscious es. sca Ieacoseaie iisio. e Seaos wo e goeme. ameme o e oo o ge eeae e i i commiee. owee, ae e ies ey ae ase o e sime icie Sagey eoug, e Uie ack I e om I was asse y oes wo oe comie o ki iea egis a a aima oug o e eee ucoscious Saes Is oe o e ew ciiise e ouse. io. a eoe i is kie—isea o eig u o ea couies wic oes o equie o is e i is uge is commiee oc cosise o emocaic o e Seae e y e saisic meos si wiey use i e umae sauge meos i is mem•s Seaos EUII, OSO, OA, EAS. coace I oe a e uia Uie Saes. Aaome o uecessay a om e ee Sou, ackig as. Cogessme ae A a AMAO, eoe eceiig oe mai o seime o e measue ca e comie wi euica Seaos You., cuey o aimas i is eigee a is og is aicua iece o egisaio mae kow. oeue. E EW ICKEOOA, MU a Scoomso, a oe coseaies. ie Seaos goo ou agais is maoiy o 0. ey wee em. ChpnUrbn — h Of h Unvrt f Illn wa yme.y. SYMIGO a eogu, us euicas An a Weouses. WEESAY UE 2 I8-24 r" e Sociey o Aima oecie egisa io si oes o ig e i o a oe o e AO CO. COUA Ellndr ll Wld Onl oo o e Seae, esie e aese commi ee acio. is Is iicu u ossie ma ue , 8 eue. e umae Sauge aocaes o o l n Slhtr acce o a mome e commiees ecom. E A AO EWS Tuesday, June 24, 8 meaio o "ue suy" o sauge Aoios o eiiaio o oec aimae n Slhtrn I om eeess cuey i saugeouses wi e meos. ey oi ou a is as ee e ecuse o iacio use y e ackig ius eaye o a eas wo moe r It • i s. ld n Ctt oe y e Seae Agicuue Commiee b y ee sice e ae 20s. , aw. Humane Slaughter Bill oce emake a e Eaie is yee e cuse asse a M e. o n, fr Srrndr Seao Wiiam OMI quig e use o seciie umae saug a ee see amig oke so muc mai as e is suoes ae ceaiy o goig Can Still Be Saved In Senate meos y a as seig mea o e eam e oose umae sauge i Oe seaos o gie u wa o em Is a cusae o ececy goeme ae . .. A AEY ee oe moe MEAACKES,A..,,,. a, e b th ae a e same eeiece. e camios o a umaiy. ey a a oae success is Sn. Ae . Mee (e ai e i cace o e Seae o Soi egisaio o moeie Ameicas, saugeig me sig we ei i asse e ouse o e aoe y e commiees h eas Is amos a e ouse i eacig og oe sogy oose maaoy saug. eseaies y a ousig oice oe. ees a. os wee gaiie we e ouse o eesea. makig umae sauge comusoy ae e m egisaio o equie umse e ouse Agicuue Commiee a mae a eig ues. Sessio goig aog oes asse e i wiou kiig i wi ame. suec as ee.osugy suie y eea sauge o mos mimes. a mes. e i we e o e Seae Agicuua eciess a ees. esoaisecio o saugeouse acices. 00 em y soig o aoe c. a a come ou isguse a coice. e wi come we e amee ouse Commiee wee, as eeyoe kew, e ackg e measue oies a see • woymg i eeces e oo o e Seae ay wee Ecoe, Oi o. suy, e seceay o agicuue moo eeo Ommiee oe was 20 ee o e i. Ieess waie wi ei eaies ie. e i i uy. su 0. S. C. S. . oa (, me egisaio makig e use o aoe e Seae Agicuue Commiee aie o i ae a cace. A oie commiee cai ee. I seems o us, Is a e e ames 0. Easa 0, Miss.: sauge meos maaoy o a iesmk Coo is goo eame o suyig e o. ma Seao Ae Eee a is coeagues oweu oy ca a ouy as. e a is a i e sauge es. ey ame o ow ema E. amage (I, Ga ooke o, e ackes imme e i o ei wa e wises o e Ameica umae soieim a oe gous ae ea saye Isea i e commiee oom, iseig Mio . Youg ( . ., E qe. e esuig ig oies o suy, a esos o aoio o e ouse i wi Io o sokesme o mos o e ackig uses. eoe.. e ouse ecey s. wa . ye , Mi., ouke i a wou equie u• ig moe. a o gmeme oc..s om as Seeig e oosiio o e ackes o a eom oe . ickeooe (. a Ka E. is aee i e same commiee oo yeas o ao umae meos. i is suey ase o e ockeook. ey mae sauge meos m ack Mu 0, S. ., a Aew . aco. e commiee memes i se oo i a Some mea ackes e e amiisaio wou ae o uy a isa some ew equi ms, meos a aeay a Scoee I, Kas. saugeouse. o wou ey ise o a sou ae eoe e eseac aoac. May su eig use y some ackes. A. me, a cosieae eese, I e i we oig o umae sieuge im aou i. o woe e seaos soe 0S o oe. o th ouse i ega e oosa o oa y e Mae wou ae oug. ome o Co. as aeay isae wee, ue . umey (. a eas IWO moe yeas o suy as meey mea e e o 2.0ee ig o as e suy i. ei eow Cogessme i e e ecommee cao ioie gas ue o Mi., Sm SymIgoo (I, Mo. oo o e oe a, a ooke i o saig acic. ey coe a ee is o aiess og sauge, a e use o e ca ig Ameica saas u o asa o wo yeas aiios aio o e Wiiam omie (, Wis., Gmge saugeig ecques. ey saw e o a ey ie o iso o isa suig o oe ai. ose o • ume o Euoea mas meos wic rt Wes, ue i some couies. umsme meos e. . Aike , .. a o . WI saw e umae, a oe o e umae a mas. e comay asses a I is sae ams (, e. memes o e aeicoua coomee wee i moey, quie asie om umae cosieaios. quie i aimas e eee I. IIe Ameica as a equie y aw I ese I e ousas o Ameica. ee o e is uose seaks ooy o em. u e o gua o e iusy is uwiig sesie y sock Wo ey ae Euoe. wo ae camege o Ois u e ais, a ey ee gie a eaig. ai o y suc a cage o acie acices. kie. e oum i we io e f e as maioiy o Ameicas ee ikey o ey ae oug a eayig acio o ee Seae Agicuue a oesy mae egieeo yea oe yea ae o ou. u e commiee ea oy a agee a iesock sou , e oece Agais kee u e aage o Ies a ecaes, aways askig o moe ime a "suy" Commiee, o wic Se. Ae . ackes wo i o we o e oee wi uecessay ai a eueig. e ew meos. I ew o ei eco, e. Eee, ouisiaa eeme.. Is sou y ow ae mae ei I a aw Is eee o accomis i uma , cages. caime, a we i WS eo wises umieeay cea o Co eig • sma gou. ese ackes ae a sie uose I sou e eace es omy Is o easo o esec ei ieios i o e ou es week e ooes o gow e i asse y e,ouse oseie i • couy wic make muc o Is mae. ae i e uic um A so eos ike a umae sauge meos a may e e sae. I cm e eme coce o ciiie ways o dn igs u Seao Emeso eos a e eceie e seu°ua gous a e Geea eeaio o mee a 20.000 ees om suoes o e ee ea aoe ow. e i e o e Seae oo o esoe e Womes Cus we iuay ucooese, ece i wIc ags ei some Eumem mumme i Image o e oigia measue equiig hn ocesses I Is mea as. 6gisaio. ey cae o eoug o sake is a ee amee o equie e Seaoia cames. ee e _oweu memes o eey eece oosiio. ees may si Seceay o AICUIIUe o suy I sou e esoe a e Se e Ameica Mea Isiue woke a. ey so ae ei eec o oe memes o e Se saugeig meos o e e ae commiees acio oeies e ig seaos o e kea a cagig o ae, owee. wo ae sesiie o uic wo yeses. Aoe "suy" eio, so a eeess eey o sias umae meos wou e coe . a i was oig oiio, a aso o e si, sma oice o ei aoe eay I og isoy o may soo e ae I a couy I um io, a a i soo e soie A ow cosciece om ey ik o eeess eays o e egisaio. a ies ise o eig ciiie is woke. Wa is mo oaoiig is a oue o um muas wo cao ea ei mo e suo oe y oe aos a ow cause. e eec.

E CISIA SCIECE MOIO. OSO, SAUAY, UE 2, 8 EO, . . IMES Cio, . s.0•2 8 . C Oi

e Seae Commiee o Agicu o e oea a e caos a I U 2 Sue, o wic was eee e sacke. umae sauge i asse y e h euge o mai a weig o ecouse o Cowaice ouse o eeseaies, as ecom eioia comme wic accom io Aoio Ceso mee isea a measue wic aie assage o e ouse i e Seae Agicuue Commiee as eoe ooses meey ue suy o e sowe a Ameicas eoe u • i wic eecs e sais suseiece o Is EIOIAS suec. ecessay cueies oo og oe memes o e ackig ieess a wic, i e. is mae as ee ue suy ae. Ee a i wou o eac iay, ue 2, 8 age o ace, wi e a isgace o Cogess. I oies 4A aious sos y e eame a saugeig i e Uie Saes, o Agicuue, umae socieies, a u i wou e a sog egiig. o coway escae om a umae esosiiiy. ogessie ackes o a eas A mee suy i wou e ee e i cas o a woyea suy o ess ua n Slhtr ll ecae o wo. Eausie eaigs a oig, u we oe e Sei meos o sauge i Ameica ackig ouses. ae ke e eoe cogessioa ae wi susiue e ouse i o commiees. Eoug mea ouces is commiees comomise a so Cuey, ese meos ae e mos eaess o Shld d ae aoe e caie o iso moe Ameica ue owa e e ou aywee. u ey ae cea a o e e cao ioie came o aks o aos wose mea is is easo e mea ackes Wou ike o coiue A i o equie a moe umae meo o sow a ese ca ake e ace ue umaey.umaey. em. umaiy is o • caaceisic o is u. saugeig mea aimas i e aios ackig ess. as as o ee eoe ou o commiee i S A e Seae, amee uaoay om e ouse II ISACII A i asse y e ouse o eeseaies asse esio. uy , 8 WASIGO SA wou ae esaie Uie Sies goeme e oose egisaio as ee a ogime ue 8,8 ucase o oucs om sauge ouses emoy oe o e Ameica umae Associaio. A Snt n Std ig iumae eciques. I was a easoae i caeu suy o e os ios o e ouseasse ll Mnnl a was eseig o Seae aoa. i seems cea oo a i is a easoae o n Is uouae a e &mee ma End h Cuey cuue commiee as mie u wi • Isea, e Agicuue Commiee cose o osa. I wou euce e iciece o accie o eoig eiece o eeceasay saugeouse wokes. I wou maeiay euce i caig o oy aoe suy o cuey i e saugeig o aimas I ow a oaock i is a. e couse oowe umae saugeig meos I e e oss om uise cacasses. I wou eimiae meaackig as as ee esee eecs e Seae a Is wos. I makes ossie oe Saes. o commiees o Cogess. Seea a waseu a eeessy cue ackig ouse ac ee is o nd o eac • suy. a coiuace o acices a cause agoy o e Ams ouaiy ae isae "u ice a is a cayoe om e ak Ages. umae eciques o saugeig mi mae sauge" aciiies, esige o ess aimas eoe ea meciuy es ei e is umacsaige i was esee mae a ouy ae ee eeoe, au o aeeise e aima o sueig, a ecause e ackes, ae uwiig o o e Cogess i . I go sieacke, as eoe uo a Iesigae o yea kie. May oe ackes ae e —o oy y e uiesiies a coeges ee eie i ack sessio sice. M us is use o se e moey equie o ies a ie moey i umae meos o saug o agicuue u y mea ackes em e. ime i wi ass as e ouse aoe i, isa suc umae meos. We agee wies. e e.es o seea age Mis wi e ouse, wic as asse a emoyig suc meos sow a ey ee is o ee o a suy o is mae. e aicuey sauge i —00 wi o oy Sc. umae u ecoomica umeous ogaiaios suoig is eisig coiios ae kow i a o ei oc. we. egisaio—a iumae ways o ki Wie e ouse ecogise ese acs ie eais. umae eciques ae emoye i ig ee cae, ogs a oe mea a aoe • i muMg a e iay couies. ey ae ase aimas oug o e ouawe. We oe o e sime i Uie Saes goeme ucaae o e Seae wi oi e ouse i wi cie a a aima sou e mae ucoscious Northern Virginia Sun ucs oy om sauge oea moyi ig a aw a wi e is cuey. eoe i is saugee, ie we euse o come umae meos. e Seae momeee aaey yiee o essue a aoe suc An Indpndnt ppr acice, ou caims uo eig a e. e meaigess uy meu. Aao iigoe a I Iimae eoe wi b seiousy uesay, aa 24. $ me o o meos o eugeg ae imou. og oeue. MIWAUKEE SEIE ea y oo-Muc-Suy IAY, UE 2, AGE 4, A I ew Yok Woeegam e eos y ies o e ackes a mao rt utnin tcorb sauge ouses o e couy o eea umae saug I MII0 e y "suyig i o ea" ae ey asae. be i nd nd nd A SCISOWA EWSAE. as week, e Seae Agicuua Commiee susi IAY, UE 2, 8. "In .M,...4, ue o a eecie measue asse y e ouse a i I a uecessay o oi ou e meie o "" oiig o a hn Ae.y 2 woyea suy o e eciques oee Wv All That Study umae sauge i wic wou oi U.S. go ig aimas seseess eoe ey ae acuay kie. We Need eme agecies o uy mea om ackes o o oie o ue suy o ese eciques usig umae meos o kiig mea aimas. wic ae i. use i some Ameica ackig ouses as we, Suc coiece as as ee eesse EUiaio o eeees sueig y ese ai ee i e Seaes aiiy a wiigess o ass U so ms Gn th Mt p, Wll ld nr O W is aou as eee as a woyea suy o e eciques mas i e saugeouse sou make is egis wie eecie umaeauge egisaio 040A USS o yig aco. aio acceae o ay eso wo cosies im. wiou eig suece o emoioa es. se ciiie. We oe a e "umae sauge" i is u o sue coais wii ise coiece e Ye e umae sauge i, wic as a Wht Mr Std? Seae wi acce o suc susiue as i See Maoiy eae yo osos "ioiy" is eay ee asse y e ouse, h ee kicke as ee ae. e Commiee o Agi ou og mos ago e ouse asse o meaues o wic e oes o t Seae acio eoe aou o some ime ow y e Seae Agicu. a i cuue as eoe a i o is ow ue esaisig umae sauge o mea aimas as aou ceme. oe Commiee, uic oicy nd wose ems e Seceay o Agicuue equiig a e eea goe. We eaie a ay ioiy is a is issue o e wou e iece o uy—o 2 moe u. A i may e oome sice e commiee as mee uy mea oy om ackig as usig umae ess mus e imie, a we oe a M. oso aa ecessay a ueaae yeas—meos o aoe susiue i iecig e Seceay meos. o ecue sceuig Seae acio o is measue, so uig mea aimas o ea aiessy. o Agicuue o suy e suec o wo yeas ow, ae eig e i gae us a a a ee wi e a oouiy o e u Seae o ee is o ee o ue suy. I u sumi a oosa o Cogess. ime, e Seae Agicuue Commiee as amey oeie is Agicuua Commiee a ass e imoe mos o e Wese aios umae meos We o quie ge i. e seceay wi suy eoe ou a susiue i. I eec i es e i aeay aoe y . e ouse. ae ee aoe. I is couy e mea e sueco wo yeas a esumi e same Seceay o Agicuue o suy e siuaio a ackes usig meciu eciques ae ou o a o Cogess wic ae aeay eoe i. aiig a, owee, we oe a e Cogess wi come ack i wo yeas wi oosas o a umae em eicie, ecoomica. a sae e A aou a aou we go o go aea wi e eacme o a woyea sauge i. suy i. Seae commiee measue wi eac e Suey, e successu use o umae sauge Asewe ae sai, suc a i is o eee: a i wou oo eay e mo. e ew esey Se. Moe suy, iee is Issue as us aou ee ig meos y some ackes o may yeas sou ceaiy e use as a ecuse o oesa ay eay eec aos ae uge o moe a ameme e. suie o ea, as e Seae commiee we kows. e oo eoug a suc egisaio sou e ie acio o umae sauge o aoe wo yeas. soig e aguage o eeseaie asse wiou ay aw.ou, eesie a woy We oe oe Seaos ieuig ew oages (.. e. sime Yoks Wy o ace e issue ow nd eecie i, uecessay "suies" Iig Ies a aco ais wi eec is aes wic was asse y e ouse i auay, sa a isis a e ouse i e u eoe e a eeuo o moe oe o.ca oe. e Seae eou iaega is cosciece Seae. saig sueiue measue a ass e umae sauge i wiou eay. E:s_"-YOIC – ASIE, E. torM4., aibunc E ESSEA e. 0E Se, 0..4 ia„„„ Cc, 0 ie, S wi,u th, ,4 I.. t,v tvl v., t■ G. Isesei &

ews vSprvd e u e• scmai..... , siaaesa woes0 seae, ea •. ee. • a ewe me U 1958 ma Meye, sou U... o . Oouke, mow weuoaay. uy , 8 Ueo,. IA S. IA . .e. There Was Plenty 0 S. W. ause S e Seae Mus Sae 11 O Data, Senator CAESO, S. C. umae Sauge EWS & COUIE e:u.ge. Ciic . SO i S. WS" AIis ca ee ai m keey e. uma Uae a ae equay me eage a i a emae commiee. U 28 8 Mrl Stll o ea a eo u ey ca A Om measue, asse oewemigy ome a OscaMaye & Co., a o seak o oe, a eeoe ae o I e ome as euay, oi a iumce I Cogess Wic e sou I a meme o e Seae Agicuue wom use eicie a aiess saug Commiee sou ook ou is wiow ae am I, IMO. umae meos mus e oy aaiae eaaio wy nl Slhtr eig eciques. e use y acke. wo make coac. oay a see a sma oy omeig a e umae Sauge ik ae . wia Me eea goeme. Suc ma e umae sauge i sas ca we e e sig io acio. I sees o e Ameica uic— aig e ouae. as ee u o oe wou icue ima suie o ai gie a mecy ea I e Seae wic as suoe e umae i y Is y e Seae Agicuue Com ma, wi • mecaica isume o Mie o e imsy ee a I Agicuue Commiee as week. u, oy, e commiee as a woe a cascae o ees—u e seis i seeis cam we i is cae o ei ntthttn wi oo ioi egimes ue suy" o sauge e commiee ecie o aoe eess o e Ameica Mea Isiue ig w.ues aeio a gowu oys ki sees, o meo. ae ee use e mi egisaio esige o brn a e a e isiues as i e ea ue suy i iY is ams a igs i aiu, ooy a ios o aimas y acke. wo e mi . esas. o saugeouse cuey o ai me o Agicuue, e camios o as ee e ecuse aace o eeess uaiy. maiy hOMAIlt u moe miios ae mas. e memes oe o a iieece a ieia. eiMe ammee io immiiiy o eay ew, o e Mg mea acke.. wo .yea suy o aiess saug e ouse asse a muceee suck wi Mie. a e ee. e ouse Aacuue Commiee I mig e wo wie o e com mae a e.oa ou o e sauge eig meos umae sauge i mos ago. miee memes o ake a aai ou A gea ea aa em mie aou ouses a Wee Immeiaey c0ice Maye e commiee eiees e Seae commiee as ow ie o e wos sauge ouses a e omme eauge a ee ae • ume a cage. wee ecesawy. e o eame. f pt a e eoe o is couy o si e is oa—u susiuig ik e woe ig oe, o, ee oo wo ue moe Seao., owee. saye I Was ame meos so...uy. os. iscus. oe e um aimas. e suec oe wic cas o a oiess woyea si, ake a i (i. e., uke o e igo. eusig ee o ee a em aim oug Oc muc iomakio Mou o umae saugeig aws suy o ackig meos. as is may couies wee e siuaio a eicig e saUgeig O og., h umae meo.. ee iscusse coiio ee "suie" eoug eiss ee as ee ouawe o may us wa o e aeocaee o fr yeas. Eie yeas. So i is sage a e seae agi umae sauge wa AU ey e Uie Saes oes o oes is oosa o "suy" o wo moe cuue a oesy commiee aoe wa Is e Ioucio o meo. ee suc aws. A Cogessioa e es o e Seae, we us, wo e emee i o equie e mee.> o ee aimas Isesie o ai yeas is a meciess sa. e uaiy suy o is oem is a wase o e ecoomic acicaiy o ee suc a ooso iew o eec o aeicuue o a ieieaim seM eoe ey ae ucee, eie y Is oe. e aayes moey. Oe o e umae meos as ee emosae is sa a o isis a e ouse o wa cosiues umae eauge eecic Mooi( o y cao o. y suc ogessie ackes as Cuay, i e oug u a asse. og. Caima Ae Eee. gas. e oecIo om ackig mos eecie aiess way o ki sai Mee wa ieuicie iomaio ouses seems o e a ese meos ig egisaio i Cogess is o su aaee o wie "siaios. wou e oo eesie. u Oc im y 00 ea. a as aoe em. ome a Co, a mm am cos as mim o says a ey S. saig i moey. mye uma socieies, wo... cus. n I wou aea a umas cuc a am gou. Mic suo saugeig is o e aaage o ome. eauge meos. A wou e mea acke, quis aa om ae ee ease o mae imiae o cosieaos o como ececy. THE BOSTON HERALD M. Eee eams a t. o ioma• YOUGSOW, OIO ouaey. moes o uma. io. icuig Me mcceoIo meMoe IICAO OEO AE ue 0,8 SYAY, UY ., s A AGE EIG sauge oe eemie o o e use y ouaiy umae ecke. o 0 0 • S. .0.2. e issue ie ey ae woke a I is oe e mmiiee wi eco o ei oecie. esecIsiy e sie is acio e oe ou • i simia U 1 Ise wo yeas. We eaeay oe a fr n o a ae y Ma ome. Ois u ees wi o someig o sae th i as • wokig measue E ackig ouse C–iey Stll On nSlh:r sey ay i wie Seae o 0 , ey eoe Cogess aOUe. ecause th Isea, y a oe prllvl ew Awwas kow iies wi e umae Soug. asse a "suy" i. aou e iumae meos use i siaug h CAkO, o C. EWS eig e aimas wic eeuay E SEAE Agicuue Comiee as r is meas a e seaos, e. is oe moe ay i wic thr aes wi mea, ey ae aieIc prtd ou i iecig e Seceay wo wee oo squeamis o wac eiiaus ie cuey a i ai. U 2 8 Soe suicie suo o egisaio ow e. o Agicuue o suy meos o saugeig ogs eig massace o a scee, oe Cogess o eimiae uecessay cuey I e eckig ouses mea aimas a come u wii • coue o 331 ae assig e ouse y cou wi seeiy a goo co. yeas wi egisaio a wou se o wa as week wo ouse measues we,, t oewemig magi i e sciece coem miios o ai Seae i • Seae commiee wic wou cosiue • umae sysem o sauge A Sbtl A A l On h d r . prtd t ,uy I, Isea. uay e i as ee sie• mas o a gasy ae. u e 0 U I uic e umae au,. h ese I Ameica ackig ouses. e commiee quie y aw i ciies Euoea io soug y aees o ume a" g i a is eaue as amee: e i uas coes a ee is eoug Iomaio acke, suosey ecause e ugeoe i e Se couies A ew U. S. ackes i ese eig wou ae esaise is as Ic sykiae o egisae ow o e suec. Seae Agicuue Commiee e seaos i ae o see ie Agicuue Commee as week meos o ecoomica a eicie. muys uic oicy. equiig a I wi e ki o eemece e mea eea goeme see o Imesse wi is acio o e eas t o suy sauge o e aimas ie. I Is aiy asu o osoe acio nd Is agecies uy mea ackes usuay esee o um ai. oy om ackig as usig umme o i. o yeas e umae sauge ceUes. eas I is easie a moe mas. I e Uie Saes meey o coim meos. e oosiio a cuey Is cue. e .,se ee oougy eae I • wea e Commiee equie ag easa o o ae e ieous ae a aoe egisaio siii. "suy" i Is oiousy a eay is A a ooes o umae augi 0mue,a0s,u0 e0 .0as. ,,0.0k0.y e iomaio Is •aae. Uecee.saiy ua I 6, oo, we e i me acs o ie aae eoe oe. a o e oage i asse y e , •A, m0e, cA ,00ie0.0a0 a cumsy sauge acices ae ee ocu e egisaio wa Is sysem I wic a ieica e. A ouse Com e seaos o o ae o see ouse o eese i es.commiee e aima Is eee quiey uco. ooses a e Seceay o Agcu mee. So as e auccessu use y ackes eyes memes oe o a woyea "suy" . miee e oue saugeouses e wiy oig o sacke scious eoe i is kie. I Is Yeas. suy saugeig me.. o wo yea " aoa, a some I is couy, o moe e 0 aiess saugeig meos ee e O nd aimas, e wee o ooy ae eoug goa i a ciise sociey. o is e ltnrdh ecie. eaiey aiess moe kiig me oseig e meos a e , ais, e sagge o asue o e Ameica Mea Isiue a 0eee ue a a ume o yes o iso. os. o say ow a ue suy •e•G ge. e ou was a oiy e eame o Agicuue wee o. o makig aimas Isesie o ai h v cae cosig wi e kie. o ee uy eeoe a ae ecessay is simy • way o osoig acio ig,eeaio o mas iie yig igoousy o "suy" egisaio bn ios,4 b some eaig ackes uig e o eom a e umae soceiea ae ece o e ae o oe secies. o ey ae o ise o e I Is a amiia oge. Simia eayig am f sceams a eows o aimas icee ae seece gea ues o emosae Is eee a easie a wic, ...ae ouse Commiee soi Ye. 4 umae ogaisaios cage a e we ik, h e suo o e uic ei i agoy. ie, i ac, ca co woy egisaio o a igeig ea i mea Iusys eos o sae a i equiig e emoy e as. E a eecie . iue o is ceeu ou. umme sauge aw ae sikigy aiie me o umae meos y ack e Is Is eece o eac e Si, o e Iusy., ooaiio o e Mea I e ouse o eeseaies I euay es wisig o coac Wi e e im o ome & Com ae oo i uy.. Is ameme o secio Ac eay o e ceuy. asse • i wic wou come ackea wo goeme. I was asse y ay, wic as aae umae eu o i e eecie aguage O ee Is o oi I ooiug sauge. se mea o e eea Goeme o ki O oe uceig meos, eos a e. oages i. wou mak e egi. ouse cuey ay oge. ee is o ee aimas y umae meos. is oes o o ig o e o saugeouse cue. ecoomic easo o I e . suy" i Is , u i e Seae Agicuue swi a eicie eciques ae see o eac e Seae Soo e u eg a e umae socieies wou ies o aias i e Uie e Sae, mo. Aomes o umae oiiiiee, wic i o saug oe ecoomica. o acke ee is meos sou ike u ey aoe I as • og se I e o ee o ay aiioa ema Is eea a eeoaio o e eouse. isecio, e seaos wi go aku ecause umae • sus o umae saugeig me. Comusoy umae Sauge gai. ig iecio. e Seae wou o we o gse ee o see a sou im saugeig meos eai. u oa ey, ae aeay ee suie i oeie is Agicuue Commiee a eac gaicay eicig ouie ig a eas 0 seaos ae coice eomous eai a eece wi gea e aw as aoe y e ouse. sage as acice o moe a as ig wi e wo cae y U S uiesiies aiess .. eg meos ae i use a. i ac, e. iA – miio igs a yea. a usiess is usiess.

UNITED NATIONS CONFERENCE and Australia, and on April 26th it was passed as a Con- ference Resolution by the Plenary without dissent. ADOPTS HUMANE RESOLUTION It states: "h Untd tn Cnfrn n th At the International Plenipotentiary Conference on the f e Sea requests States to prescribe, by all means avail- Law of the Sea in Geneva, Switzerland this spring, a able to them, those methods for the capture and killing of resolution was passed by unanimous vote condemning cruel marine life, especially of whales and seals, which will spare practices in the killing of whales, seals, fish, sea birds and them suffering to the greatest extent possible." polar bears. The delegation from Nepal sponsored the In England this resolution was the subject of speeches resolution, and Dr. Harry Lillie of Scotland, former sur- in the House of Lords on June 26th. Lord Pethick-Law- geon to an Antarctic whaling expedition, acting as their rence and the Lord Bishop of Portsmouth described the independent advisor, took part in conferences with 73 cruelty involved in the use of the standard explosive har- delegations. When information about the present methods poon in the whaling industry. The Bishop spoke of the of whaling and seal killing had been disseminated, the ma- "stewardship for which [man] bears responsibility to the jority of the delegates expressed enthusiasm for humane Creator." He pointed out that frequently this principle is legislation, and support for it came from every part of observed but that frequently, too, it is threatened or flouted. the world. "The view that man is a sort of monster callously and irresponsibly engaged, out of his lust for gain and power, The President of the Conference, Prince Wan of Thai- upon the rape of the sea and even of the air, regardless land, lent his influence in initiating action, and Dr. Carlos of the waste of natural resources, regardless of the dis- Sucre of Panama, Chairman of the Committee which figurement of the earth's natural beauty and regardless of adopted the resolution, took a leading part in the effort. the suffering inflicted upon the animal kingdom—that view When the resolution was proposed to the Assembly as is, of course, a distorted one; it does not represent the a whole, the Nepalese delegate said, "In the midst of our whole picture. But there is enough truth in it to justify securing our food and other products in the Territory of our serious concern. It is the more urgent and essential the Sea, could we not come to giving some thought to that we sou e cocee a a ime we oug the the,suffering we inflict on these creatures whose lives we rapid development of science and technology man's ca- take: the inhabitants of this territory that we exploit?" pacity to master the whole world has been and is being enormously extended and increased. Limitation of suffer- India seconded the resolution, and Burma and Mexico ing so a as is acicae is oe imoa aco i the spoke in favor of it, and asked that Dr. Lillie be given morally responsible exercise of man's sovereignty over the the floor to state the case for the animals. "In the capture natural creation." The Bishop gave two reasons for re- and killing of many of these creatures," he said, "there is ducing whaling suffering to the minimum, "First, out of suffering inflicted which in this age of advancement is consideration to the creature which is placed under our certainly not a credit to us. . . . That such industries can responsible domination, and secondly, out of consideration be worked in a reasonable humane way is shown by the for the men who do the job." careful control that is used in such as the North Pacific fur sealing and the sealing of South Georgia. Our re- It is hoped that this first United Nations resolution on sponsibilities in this are world wide." the subject of animal protection will lead many nations to follow its suggestions. The United States is a leader in After a series of speeches in favor of the humane reso- humane sealing practices, but in our whaling great cruelty lution, it was redrafted by a Committee of Nepal, Monaco continues. c (Cntnd fr coiio e og was i we e e e osia a e sai e og was u a aou I sai o im "We r fr th dfndnt. M a go ou? e og is ow yig ayig o is sie a e icisio rtr. I ik a is oe as esee a oe a a we I we o e kees h Crt. e ca escie e coiio oe o e oe ogs i e kees was aemig o ea e og was i ey oo ysica co- o ie a oe icisio" e sai a e a ee Chf f l. a oue wi awkis a e ogs a a ee uae o sa Aoe og was aemig iio I was oug ack om awkis eiousy a a ee oug ie a icisio a a ee mae o is sie I aske o ack i ey goo sae a i is oiio ey wee i M awkis wee a og a come om a e sai e I aske M goo coiio we awkis oug em ack ae e a icke i u a e Oeo Ciic oeaios awkis i e esece o ase a Cie ea a M Smi ow oe e e ese ogs e sae a "We" I sai "is oe ceaiy is i goo sae a e e em eey ee o ou ays I aske im i e e caces ae e is ea aeay" A e sai e was i ik a was iaequae e sae a e e em soy o ea a age amous I aske im wa e e e ogs Gaage Q ow ae you o e Cou o e es o you e sae a e icke u i ow a aso i oso I ecoecio eeyig a aico sae a a co- aske im aou e cicke a was i e e a e eece? sae a we e ou a ea e i e coo e wou A. We o e sae a o o igs ike e gae sae- ow i io e e mes aou ese eeimes eig ey eeicia o ma- We ou a ea og i e e a was a eoue ki e sae a e was ey usy a ese oeaios e sae a e og a ie i e e a a e equie a o o e-oeaio wok a a e easo o oe ogs a eae i I quesioe im as o e a is eaaio was o e easo o coiio o e ack og a e sae i was i a co- Dr. Gerry B. Schnelle, Chief of Staff of the Angell iio we e icke i u I e aske im aou a i oe wic we a icues ake o a e sae Memorial Animal Hospital, reported that the black dog a aso was i a coiio we e oug i om e died, despite all that could be done for it, of an over- ciic whelming infection. Her temperature was sub-normal when she was taken from the Hawkins farm to the hospital and rn . n (Chf rtn Offr f th M on autopsy Dr. Schnelle stated, "We took more than a htt SCA. Isie o e sees we ou eee ie litre of pus from within the heart sac. . . . There were, ogs a e emais o a ea og us ousie e gae a eee e see ee was a i ack moge yig in addition to that, between 600 and 700 cubic centimetres o is sie a o is ces aea a ee cie a ee of pus free in the chest cavity. There was also free pus was a oe uig wou aou miway o e cie in the abdominal cavity. . . . It is my expert opinion that aea Ee oug oe ogs a oe e og e i o aem o ge u We aso ou a oe eemey i it (the infection) was present on the 30th. . . ." somewa useay o is ee a emae ou og a was Q. . . . o you ae a oiio as o wee o o aou o ae us a eig oe ogs o aious ees e iecio was cause y e oeaio? a comiaios o ees o e mos a ese ogs A I ik e iecio was iouce a e ime o wee i may o em wee coee wi ski oue e oeaio yes I was mage o my oseaio Wi e Cie we aske M awkis e eea we e e e ogs e sai The testimony brought out the discrepancy between the eey ee o ou ays I aske im wa e e e ogs records presented by the Overholt Clinic on the dog's con- e sai e e em gaage a e oaie om oe o wo aces i aki a someimes some a e eceie dition and the actual condition of the animal, and Dr. i oso e Cie aske aou e ea e a e sae Panico was fined $50 for cruel transportation of the dog. a we e ou a ea e i e eey e ew He too appealed. a i o e ogs e Cie sai "eaes a a?" a e sai yes e aske M awkis wee e go ese ogs It is obvious that the black dog's suffering and death e sai e eceie em om e Oeo Ciic i did nothing whatsoever to advance knowledge beneficial oso in the treatment of human ills. She was one of thousands of experimental dogs that each year die slowly and pain- James Hawkins was sentenced to six months in the fully without making any contribution to scientific knowl- House of Correction and fined $250. He is appealing his edge. They die thus uselessly 'because scientists as a whole case. Mr. Hawkins appeared in Court, but Dr. Panico re- have so far been unwilling to face their responsibilities to mained prudently at home. Instead, a colleague, Dr. Nep- experimental animals. They have given widely publicized tune, also of the Overholt Clinic, appeared to answer ques- lip-service to the care given these animals. tions for him. The testimony in this case is tiresome "EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS RECEIVE TREAT- reading because the defense attorney interrupted the pros- MENT COMPARABLE TO THAT GIVEN HUMANS." ecutor and the judge constantly. The only time he allowed "EVERY CONSIDERATION IS GIVEN TO THEIR his client to speak freely was when he was explaining how BODILY COMFORT." the dogs were given the same fine medical treatment as Everyone who has lived in a State where an animal human patients. However, the testimony of the police " officer, who first questioned Dr. Panico, gives a general seizure bill campaign has been waged has had these picture of the situation: phrases drummed in his ears repeatedly. But quite apart from the individual case of the black female mongrel lying ". . . I o im we wee ee ceckig o wo oeae o e ogs a wee oug o e awkis am i in the mud with her festering wound, and the dog that aki e sae a e was I o im e coiios had already died and been partly eaten by the other starv- a we ou a e am ing dogs, representatives of the Animal Welfare Institute h Crt. Wa i you say? have visited laboratories where these same words "Every l Offr. I o im e ogs wee a sae a I i see ow ocos i is osiio cou eemie consideration is given to their bodily comfort" were ac- i e oeaios o ese aimas wee successu i ey tually posted on the wall, while caged dogs, too ill to stand suec em o e os-oeaie eame a ese ogs on their feet, were soaked with hoses, or where they lay wee eceiig a awkis am e sai a e was eey socke o ea o ese coiios a i is oiio M in filthy wet enclosures dying without medical aid of awkis was eig ai suicie moey o ake cae o e any kind, even though they were in the very cee of ogs oey a I aske im i -e a ee goe o e a hospital. am a e sae a e a o a e was usy o is eeimes a a uouaey e i ae eoug It is doubtful whether every consideration" will evet ime o go o e awkis am I e aske im aou be given to the comfort of experimental animals, but it a ack og a a ee oeae o i e ces aea is a e sai e ememee e og I aske im wa time that some consideration be given to all of them.

AIMA WEAE ISIUE

AISOY COMMIEE ee ice ee Okkeeg ose Woo Kuc ai icao OICES Cisie Sees Ae Gacy oge Sees Esea ae May M icas rdnt rdnt rrr Extv Srtr Atnt rrr

/g AIMA WEAE ISIUE

22 EAST 17th STREET, NEW YORK 3, N.

September-October, 1958 Vol. 7 No. 4

ANIMAL TRAP COMPANY MANUFAC- DOGS' NEED FOR SPACE STRESSED IN TURING AND SELLING HUMANE NEW ANIMAL QUARTER DESIGNS VICTOR CONIBEAR TRAPS A new supplement to the Animal Welfare Institute The instant-killing trap invented by Frank Conibear of loose-leaf manual, "Comfortable Quarters for Laboratory Victoria, British Columbia, is available to all trappers for Animals," will be issued shortly. A number of the designs the coming trapping season. The Animal Trap Company selected for reproduction show housing for experimental of America reports that it is "tooled up" and in production dogs which gives them room for a moderate amount of for the first size, the Number 110 Victor Conibear, de- exercise instead of keeping them closely confined in metal signed for muskrat, mink, barn and wharf rats. The traps cages. Such confinement, unfortunately for the dogs, is are being stocked by wholesale hardware and sporting routine practice in far too many laboratories, and it is goods stores throughout the country and are listed for hoped that a general change for the better in canine sale in the Fall mail order catalogues of the Sears Roebuck, housing will soon take place in scientific institutions. Montgomery Ward, and Spiegel Companies. Similar cover- Architects' drawings show four different kennels, some age has been made in Canada. suitable for one-story, others for multiple-story, buildings. Substitution of instant-killing traps for the instruments They include 1) the plans of the new building of the of torture now used to catch muskrat and mink would Smith, Kline and French Company in Philadelphia which represent a stupendous forward step in the reduction of has radiant-heated kennels supplied with running water animal suffering. The old-fashioned traps catch the animal connecting with 12-foot long outside runways to which the in tight steel jaws by one leg. In many instances (tests animals have access throughout the daylight hours; 2) the show 25% or more) the muskrat or mink gnaws off its plans for animal quarters at the State University of Iowa leg in order to escape, such are the pain and terror inflicted. College of Medicine where inside kennels measure 10' x 5 In .the so-called "stop-loss" traps, the animal is so securely and are equipped with resting boards. The kennels are in- pinned down that he cannot gnaw off his leg and escape tended for two or more compatible dogs, and they connect but (except when he happens to be killed) suffers as much with lateral roof runways, one for every three inside ken- or more than in the simple leg-hold trap. Clearly the need nels; 3) drawings of the new dog quarters for the Aca- for an instant-killing trap is great. demisch Ziekenhuis Te Leiden, Holland, a well-designed one-story building with connecting kennels and individual In the case of rats, poison is mostly used for control, runways; and 4) drawings showing an economical use of and there is no painless form of poison on the market. roof space by providing for dog houses connecting with Not only do the rats suffer but many dogs, cats, kittens, sizeable runways. In winter the dog houses are heated, chickens and other domestic animals are also poisoned and the dogs can retire into them at will. The runways every year when they eat the baits set out for rats. The have a broad overhang to provide shade and shelter from Victor Conibear Trap can be so set and placed that it rain. cannot harm anything but the rats it is designed to catch„ Even when dogs or cats must be kept in metabolism and it kills them instantly. cages, it is unnecessary to imprison them in cages which The Animal Trap Company issues a concise set of illus- only allow them to stand up and turn around. Metabolism trated instructions for setting the new trap, and it states, cages designed by Prof. A. N. Worden, and illustrated in the new supplement, measure 4'61/ "eeoe i e a o ae 3 yeas o eeimeig " x 6'7" x 4' for dogs y a oessioa ae eece y e wos mos and 30" x 44" x 33" for cats. They have proved their moe a mauacue wi oe 1 yeas eeiece worth in keeping the animals' bodily reactions much closer e a eeses e is aica cage i esig sice e 1 ewouse a is ecogie as e is acica to normal than is possible in the usual cramped cages. umae a From the University of Glasgow, Scotland, Veterinary "e ico Coiea oes ew oouiies o i- Hospital come photographs and drawings of cat quarters cease u yie eig uique i sie sae a acio i aas o ues o imoe ses o mee ay coiio (Continued on page 4) a eai Iusae ae seig isucios as we as 1 ese a oe ses o e ico Coiea "1 IME OIS HUMANE SLAUGHTER FOR 90% OF THE 1 igweig Ausae igge Comac 7 Quick kis NATION'S FOOD ANIMALS IS LAW 3 Sime o se o e amage On August Easy o sake ow 9 oooo cosucio 7 President Eisenhower signed H. R. 5 osiie i oeaio 1 Iea igge o ai" 8308, the effective humane slaughter bill which was passed by the House of Representatives in February by voice vote, In the coming trapping season, the new humane traps defeated in the Senate Agriculture Committee (which by should be used by every decent trapper. a vote of 5 to 10 substituted a study bill) then passed by the Senate as a whole by a vote of 7 to 9. esos ieese i aiioa iomaio coceig The leaders of the fight to obtain decent protection aig ae iie o wie o e Isiue o a coy for animals in slaughterhouses were Senator Hubert H. o "acs Aou us" uicaio o e Uiesiies eeaio o Aima Weae (Continued on next page) Humphrey (D., Minn.), sponsor of the first humane slaugh- Howard Smith, (D., Va.) was a staunch supporter of the ter bill ever to be introduced in Congress, and Represen- measure. However, opponents succeeded in preventing its tative W. R. Poage (D., Texas), sponsor of H. R. 8308. being scheduled for a vote in 1957. They had massive support from ordinary citizens from every part of the country. They also had powerful and HOUSE PASSES BILL ruthless opposition to overcome. It is to the everlasting Early in 1958 the bill was scheduled and, on February credit of these leaders and of the majority of both Houses fourth, it passed overwhelmingly by voice vote, not, how- of Congress who voted with them that the cruel status quo ever, without an attempt by the opposition to remove the was defeated and effective legislation was passed. effective sections of the bill and amend it into a study bill instead. This effort was defeated by a vote of 11 FIRST HUMANE SLAUGHTER BILL o 73 A leading spokesman for the bill in the House INTRODUCED IN 1955 was Representative William Dawson (R., Utah), who refused to be dissuaded from his humane efforts by the In 1955 Senator Humphrey introduced his compulsory fact that Secretary of Agriculture Ezra Benson, who con- humane slaughter bill. In 1956 public hearings were held sistently opposed compulsory legislation, resides in his before a sub-committee of the Senate Committee on Agri- District. (For details on the House debate, see Informa- culture and Forestry under his chairmanship. The sub- tion Report Vol. 7, No. 1.) committee recommended passage of the bill, but the full Agriculture Committee removed the effective sections and SENATE AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE recommended passage of a study commission bill instead. OPPOSES EFFECTIVE HOUSE BILL, The Senate passed this bill late in the session. VOTES FOR STUDY BILL

After passage by the House, H. R. 8308- was referred HOUSE AGRICULTURE COMMITTEE to the Senate Committee on Agriculture and Forestry. The VISITS SLAUGHTERHOUSES, RECOMMENDS PASSAGE OF LEGISLATION public demand for a favorable report by the Committee grew. Its Chairman, Senator Allen J. Ellender (D., Lou- The bill then went to the Committee on Agriculture of isiana), stated that between 15 and letters ask- the House of Representatives before whom Representative ing for passage of the bill reached him. Also pending Martha Griffiths' compulsory humane slaughter bill was before the Committee were Senator Humphrey's bill also pending. Observing the great public interest in the (which he amended to be identical with the House-passed legislation, the fact that the Congressional session was bill to facilitate passage) and Senator Arthur V. Watkins' about to end, and the fact that the Senate had voted to (R., Utah) study bill. Although the issues had been study humane slaughter, the chairman of the House Com- threshed out very thoroughly in the two previous hearings, mittee on Agriculture, Harold D. Cooley (D., North Car- the opponents asked for a third set of hearings. After con- olina), and his colleagues decided the best thing to do siderable delay, these were scheduled for April 28th through would be to make a study immediately. Accordingly, dur- May 1st. Members of Congress testifying for the humane ing the recess, Mr. Cooley and the members of the Sub- side were Senator Richard L. Neuberger (D., Oregon), committee on Livestock and Feed Grains of which Mr. Senator Mike Monroney (D., Oklahoma), Representative Poage is Chairman, made a tour of slaughterhouses in Dawson and Representative Poage. Each one spoke thought- different parts of the country and saw humane and inhu- fully and ably. Only one member of Congress, Representa- mane methods in use. The following April, hearings were tive William Jennings Bryan Dorn (D., S. C.) testified for held under Mr. Poage's chairmanship on the seven com- the packer-supported study bill, in opposition to Senator pulsory humane 'slaughter bills and the one study bill in- Humphrey's and Mr. Poage's companion bills. His testi- troduced in the new session. Mr. Poage then sought to mony, like that of other opponents, was full of errors and meet the criticisms which had been levelled at the legis- unfounded allegations. The testimony given by the spokes- lation by opponents, and after a long series of conferences men for humane societies, the General Federation of Wo- and much patient negotiation he introduced H. R. 8308, men's Clubs and others conclusively showed the need for. the Committee bill, which was reported out of the Agri- passage of compulsory legislation. However, after another culture Committee by a vote of 5 o 3 It was promptly long delay, the Senate Committee on Agriculture and approved by the House Rules Committee whose Chairman, Forestry reported out, by a vote of 10 to 5, a new version of the study bill, this one sponsored by Senator Ellender, slaughter to be humane and providing for preparation for It retained the title of H. R. 3 whose effective sections such slaughter, the relevant sections having been written were deleted, as had been tried before on the floor of the by five large Jewish groups after two years of consideration. House. This action met with a storm of disapproval from However, considerable discussion of the new amendments every side. (Some of the many editorials castigating the ensued, and Senator Clinton Anderson (D., N. Mex.) ex- Committee for its action were published in the last Infor- pressed a view shared by many observers who feared to mation Report.) The demand that the Senate as a whole send the bill to a Senate-House Conference when he said, reverse the Committee on Agriculture grew constantly. "I think if we start to tinker with the language, we may There was considerable sentiment in the Senate for effective end where I assume certain people want us to end, by de- humane slaughter legislation, and on July 22nd Senator feating the bill." Of interest in this connection was the Humphrey announced that he and seventeen co-sponsors comment of the American Meat Institute's main lobbyist would offer an amendment on the Senate floor to restore who, just after the Senate had passed the bill, made ref- the language of the bill as passed by the House. Senator erence to some of the action he had instigated, reportedly Neuberger and Senator William Purtell (R., Conn.), the stating, "I tried everything. We threw the book at you, two original co-sponsors, were joined by Senators Frank but it didn't work." Fortunately, his efforts were unsuc- Church (D., Idaho), Ralph E. Flanders (R., Vt.), Theo- cessful; the final vote on H. R. 8308 was 72-9. All amend- dore Francis Green (D., R. I.), Thomas C. Hennings, Jr. ments offered were accepted. (D., Mo.), Lister Hill (D., Ala.), John F. Kennedy (D., Mass.), William Langer (R., N. D.), Pat Mc- HOUSE ADOPTS SENATE AMENDMENTS Namara (D., Mich.), A. S. Mike Monroney (D., Okla.), Wayne Morse (D., Ore.), James E. Murray (D., Mont.), Following passage of the bill by the Senate, no action William Proxmire (D., Wisc.), Chapman Revercomb was taken by the House until ample time had been allowed (R., W. Va.), Leverett Saltonstall (R., Mass.), Margaret for groups interested in kosher slaughter to meet and, if Chase Smith (R., Me.), and John J. Sparkman (D., Ala.). they so desired, agree upon final phraseology. Had they done so, a conference on the amendments would have been in order, but as they did not, the House concurred by SENATE ADOPTS HOUSE BILL unanimous consent in the Senate amendments on August 13th and sent the bill to the President for signature. The bill was scheduled, and soon after noon on July 29th the debate began. It lasted for seven hours, throughout the whole of which time Senator Humphrey was fighting PROVISIONS OF THE LAW hard for the effective legislation. Senator Ellender began the debate by asking for the passage of his study bill, and The bill provides that after June, 1960, packers desiring the first vote was for or against this bill. Had it passed, to make a contract with the Federal government must two more years would have gone by before effective legis- slaughter all animals humanely in all of their plants. Since lation could even have been proposed. The vote was over 90% of the animals slaughtered (between 1 - exceedingly close: 40 for the study bill to 43 against it. and each year) are killed in the plants Next came the debate for the real humane slaughter bill. of packers who have government contracts, the vast major- Some of the members of the Senate Agriculture Commit- ity of animals will be protected by the law. Consumers tee, notably Senators Ellender, Hickenlooper (R., Iowa), can help to bring any recalcitrant packers into line by de- Mundt (R., S. D.) and Thye (R., Minn.) did their manding humanely-killed meat. H. R. 3 provides for best to prevent its passing. A very long time was the labelling of all meat which has been slaughtered by taken up by debate on amendments offered by Senator humane methods. Jacob K. Javits (R., N. Y.) and Senator Clifford P. Case A recent advertisement in Business Week featuring (R., N. J.) relating to pre-slaughter handling befetre kosher carbon-dioxide anesthetization of pigs before slaughter slaughter. Pre-slaughter handling is not a religious matter, summed up the situation perfectly in its first lines: "The for only the actual slaughtering itself is prescribed by slaughter of struggling, squealing hogs, shackled and hang- ritual. Senator Humphrey and Senator Neuberger showed ing by a hind leg from a conveyor chain has been called clearly that the bill as passed by the House provided com- the most violent unit operation in food manufacturing. plete protection of religious freedom, declaring kosher Now it is different„ ." HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS DEVELOP DOGS' NEED FOR SPACE STRESSED (Cntnd fr p FIRST-RATE HUMANE SOCIETY which provide inside and outside accomodation. e con- Nassau County, Long Island, has an unusual animal struction is inexpensive, and the system has been found protective organization run entirely by high school students. to prevent the spread of disease. It was started by Paul Garrett when he was only eleven The Department of Hygiene of Kyoto University in years old, and it has grown in the ensuing five years so Japan supplies a design for rat caging which gives consid- that it now has the services of humane agents, six cars eration to the natural instinct of these animals to retire and three boats. The agents are all boys and girls in their into a dark nest. The back of the cage consists of a solid teens. The towns of Hempstead, Oyster Bay and North metal box into which nesting materials are placed; the Hempstead have found the Nassau County Animal Patrol rest of the cage is wire mesh. so capable that they now refer all calls relating to animals These and other photographs and drawings to be in- other than dogs to Paul and his colleagues, who rescue cluded in the new supplement add to the material previous- animals in distress, find homes for homeless animals, and ly assembled for the original publication (1954) and the work with a veterinarian who treats sick or injured animals following supplements (1955 and 1956). The new mater- or puts them to sleep if necessary. ial is sent without charge to those who already have the The Patrol takes equal interest in protecting and helping manual and will be incorporated in future issues. domestic and wild animals. The protection of birds was Personnel of institutions which are planning, or which its first object, and the patrolling of the several State Parks need to plan, to remodel or re-equip existing animal quar- in the County is a major activity. The illegal possession ters or to build new ones are invited to write to the Animal and use of BB guns by children under the age of 16 is Welfare Institute for a free copy of "Comfortable Quarters dealt with on a regular routine of first and second offenses. for Laboratory Animals.'' The first time, the offender is warned by the members of the Patrol who find him shooting at birds. They speak DOCTOR AND ANIMAL CARETAKER with his parents or write them a letter. But if the same DROP APPEAL, PLEAD GUILTY offender is met with again, the case is taken to court. The TO CRUELTY system has proved effective in reducing the destruction of birds although violations still occur. The appeals in connection with the case of cruelty to experimental dogs used by Dr. Frederick Panico of the The Patrol cooperates with the Conservation Depart- Overholt Clinic of Boston, Massachusetts, came up in ment on land and sea alike, the boats have ship-to-shore Superior Court on September 25th and 26th. Dr. Panico, telephones, and a police radio can be adapted to any of who carried out the heart-lung experiments on the dogs, the cars. The Patrol's office, located in the Garrett house, and Mr. Hawkins, who housed them, had both refused contains a police and fire alarm receiving set and telephone. to accept the earlier finding made that they were guilty The animals being cared for are housed in the basement, of cruelty to animals and had appealed their cases. How- and a wide variety of creatures has found shelter and help ever, when his appeal came up, Dr. Panico did not pursue there. it but went into the court and paid his fine instead. Mr. Hawkins elected to stand trial without jury, but in the The Animal Welfare Institute hopes the Nassau County middle of the trial he, too, pleaded guilty. Animal Patrol will continue to grow in strength and in- A full account of the way the animals were treated fluence to protect animals from cruelty and suffering and appeared in the last Information Report of the Institute that other organizations like it will be formed. (Vol. 7 No. 3).

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APPLICATION FOR MEMBERSHIP Animal Welfare Institute East 17th St. New York 3, N. Y. E $10. ASSOCIATE MEMBERSHIP (non-voting) Open to individuals and organizations. This entitles the member to the u publication and information services of the Institute, the regular periodical Reports and invitations to mem- bership meetings.

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UMAE SAUGE: CAES A OOK EIEW AMS O E AESEIE TRE UFAW HANDBOOK ON THE CARE AND "An anesthetizing facility for the humane slaughter of MANAGEMENT OF LABORATORY ANIMALS, by calves and lambs now is being built at the Geo. A. Hormel Alastair N. Worden and W. Lane-Petter. XIX-951 pp. & Co. plant in Austin, Minn.", reports the December Illustrated. UFAW, London, 1957. Price $9.80. (May be News and Views column of h tnl rvnr, purchased from the Animal Welfare Institute.) weekly magazine of the meat packing industry. The an- DR. PETER OKKELBER6 nouncement was made by H. H. Corey, chairman of the The above book issued under the auspices of the Uni- board, at the company's annual meeting in Austin. The versities Federation for Animal Welfare, London, is a rvnr continues: "Corey said he expects Hormel to much enlarged second edition of one published in 1947 be the first packer of national size to comply completely under the same title. It is the most extensive work yet in with the new federal Humane Slaughter Law. The new print dealing with the handling and care of laboratory law requires all packers selling to federal agencies to apply animals and it will continue as an indispensable guide for acceptable humane slaughter methods by mid-1960. The all animal caretakers and laboratory attendants for many Secretary of Agriculture by March, 1959, is to make his years to come. It should be in the library of every la- initial designation of what will be considered humane. boratory using animals for research purposes. Corey said that the Hormel innovation of anesthetizing hogs The book is divided into two sections. The first consists before slaughter was the catalyst which caused Congress to of 16 chapters and is designated "General Considerations". realize that humane slaughter is feasible, but that it was It deals with topics that refer to laboratory animals in the humane societies which applied the pressure that re- general, such as housing, equipment, hygienic principles, sulted in the new law passed last summer. With the pests, breeding methods, nutrition, handling, recording, recent completion of a hog anesthesia installation at the the use of anesthetics, choice of animals, the animal tech- Hormel abattoir at Mitchell, S.D., all four of the com- nician, and others. pany's plants now use this method, Corey pointed out. In the second part there are 59 chapters which deal with He also said cattle stunning now is done at all Hormel individual species, zoologically classified under rodents plants in a manner acceptable to the humane societies.' and lagomorphs (23 sp.), insectivores (5 sp.), carnivores Packers now in the process of changing over to carbon (6 sp.), ungulates (4 sp.), marsupials (1 sp.), birds dioxide anesthetization of hogs prior to slaughter are the (4 sp.+ ), reptiles, amphibians, fishes and invertebrates. Tobin Packing Company of Albany and Rochester, New The characteristics, habits, food requirements and care of York, the first small packer to adopt this humane device, the various animals are described. Emphasis is placed on and the Oscar Mayer Company in Madison, Wisconsin. making laboratory conditions so far as possible like the This is the second installation by Mayer who stated, "The natural environment so that the animals will represent new building and the immobilization technique will have normal and healthy individuals when subjected to experi- the advantage of being a more humane means of animal mental treatment. slaughter and will increase the overall efficiency of the The book is based on the combined knowledge and company's operations, reduce bruises to livestock and experience of over seventy experts in the field. Extensive provide machine equipment to relieve strenuous manual references to literature is listed. It is well illustrated and labor in the handling of livestock." This second installa- includes a very useful table of contents and a complete tion will be complete by July, 1959 and will put the com- index. pany's entire hog slaughtering operation on a humane basis. The first meeting of the Advisory Committee appointed Exrpt fr vr thr rv by the Secretary of Agriculture, in accordance with the f requirements of the humane slaughter bill signed into law h UAW ndb on August 7 was held on November 17 "Journal of the American Medical Association" COOEAIO O SCIEISS "This second edition is a distinct contribution to the EQUESE rapidly expanding area of our knowledge concerning la- boratory animals. . . . The work as a whole is probably A committee headed by Harry G. Herrlein is seeking the outstanding volume in print on the care of laboratory to improve handling, of shipments of mice, rats, guinea animals." pigs, hamsters and rabbits to laboratories in order to re- duce the incidence of disease and death resulting from "Tuberculology" ( Journal of the American Academy had shipping practices. Mr. Herrlein, who raises large of Tuberculosis Physicians) numbers of these animals himself, has requested the Ani- "Not anybody could look at this volume without realiz- mal Welfare Institute to announce the desire of this Com- ing the immense amount of thought or the high quality mittee of the Animal Care Panel to receive prompt reports of the knowledge now devoted to this subject. . . . The on mishandled shipments of animals. Such reports will editors deserve appreciation for maintaining the scale and enable the Committee to take effective action on this presentation of this vast mass of information while pre- problem. They should be sent to Mr. Herrlein, Rockland serving the whole in lucid perspective. Farms, New City, Rockland County, New York. (Cntnd n p 3 EIOIA It is suggested that a powerful underground movement, using sabotage, misrepresentation, and the techniques of The National Society for Medical Research has recently Madison Avenue is attempting to create a sort of legal published a Twelfth Annual Report, in the form of a "blackjack" with which to bludgeon innocent scientists. pamphlet discussing the problem of animal experimenta- This image has a great irrational appeal: it is picturesque, tion. It gives an account of recent developments in the romantic, ornate, hut it is not factual. The balance of animal seizure law controversy, distorting facts in order power and funds dips heavily on the side of organized to create submerged emotive pressures which could lead medicine, and the forces of criticism are not only diverse to an unfairly subjective appraisal of the whole situation. and inchoate, but relatively poor in material resources. The first section, "Obstacles to Medical Research, 1958," Moreover, one cannot emphasize too strongly that much is laced with highly kinetic word patterns which suggest of the criticism which the NSMR would like to stigmatize by association and imagery which are of enormous emotive as antivivisectionist comes in fact from independent or- potential, but not related by reason to the subject at hand. ganizations which do not embrace the antivivisectionist Hysteroid tendencies, which are already too prevalent in position. The Humane Society of the United States, so this field, find here their objective equivalents. There is much impugned in this report, has pursued an anti-cruelty, a warfare-motif present in such gratuitous figures as "the not an antivivisection, policy, and been active in many antivivisectionists are not the only saboteurs," . . . "spies other fields besides that of laboratory animals, for example have been employed across the nation," . . . "promotional the campaign for humane slaughter last year. barrage," . . . "The ultimate tragedy would be a sort of This failure to analyze the exact nature of the opposi- legal blackjack," . . . ''the most vicious attack," . . . tion, in combination with the smear techniques already "guerilla warfare," . . "antivivisectionist strategy." An- described, will not lead to clear thinking on the problem other less omnipresent theme is the association of science of animal experimentation. with a religious orthodoxy, and of antivivisectionists and Dr. Lester R. Dragstedt, President of the NSMR, states other critics with protestant sects or even with paganism: in his introductory note the reason for the present publi- "anti-science cults" such as "antivaccinationists" (Anabap- cation of this report: "Medical institutions are in for the ists?) are said to threaten research, and "emotional prej- greatest amount of trouble from the opponents of animal udices of an uninformed public obstruct the work of the experimentation in years." A remedy for this situation is anatomist." Antivivisectionists are said to look upon sci- proposed. "A specific and detailed proposal for a study entists as 'fiends." of public attitudes towards the dissection of cadavers, the Medical research emerges in the image of a speeding transplantation of human organs and the use of animals vehicle requiring a clear road. "The work of the NSMR in medical research has been prepared by the public opin- is to serve as a sparkplug," . . . "to maintain a clear path ion research firm of Ben Gaffin and Associates. The pro- for medical research," . . . "progress in clearing a path posal was developed at the request of the NSMR. . . . for medical science" . . . "programs underway to expedite The study is expected to clarify the public prejudices that medical research" . . . "laboratories curbed with legisla- are most troublesome to medical scientists. Its purpose is tion" . . . Animal lovers are diseased, perhaps corrupt: to discover the deeper roots of these prejudices and il- "cynical professional organizers devise new stunts to fan luminate the way to long-term cures for public relations the emotions of sick compulsive animal lovers" . . "long problems of the anatomists, physiologists, pathologists, term cures for public relations problems of anatomists, surgeons, pharmacologists and others. . . To us the physiologists". Vivid, sinister verbs describe the activities most striking feature of this program is the NSMR's of the opposition: "sap the resources . . . of medical refusal to differentiate between different kinds of ad- scientists," "spring back again and again," . . . "strike back verse public reactions to their policies. They will not at men who have relegated them to the outer edges of re- admit of any difference between the largely subconscious spectability" . . . "crow over mistreatment of lab animals". revulsion which might be felt against organ transplantation, Taken as a whole, the pamphlet has more than a surface the religious emotion against large-scale post mortem re- meaning: it is a composition in depth, massing against the search, and the ethical objections of animal protective critics of NSMR policies fear of abnormality, of disease, groups to unregulated survival experiments, and to in- and of the occult, and creating for medical research the adequate housing of laboratory animals. Instinct, religion, healthy American image of a fast car on the open road. and ethics are to them as one: "Obstacles, 1958". One of the most exploited images is of the persecution This disingenuous attempt to defeat a factual analysis of research scientists by millions of wealthy but unscrupu- of the situation by creating vague images to replace and lous fanatics whose one aim is to obstruct the course of obscure complicated issues, and this stirring up of emo- medicine. "The antivivisectionists, working through more tionalism seems to us particularly deplorable in a pamphlet than a hundred organizations across the country and spend- presented as the annual report of a scientific society. ing millions of dollars annually, continue to sap the re- sources and the creative time of scientists". . . . "Hired Antivivisectionist Spies Report on Laboratories" is the headline to an entirely unsubstantiated allegation that the COECIO photographs of improper conditions at Tulane University In the circular mailed with the September-October In- were faked for use at a public hearing by the Humane formation Report, calling attention to the publications and Society of the United States. Coronet Magazine is de- film available to scientists from the Institute, the film scribed as printing "a vicious attack on animal research", "Handling Laboratory Animals" was incorrectly described whereas Mr. Paul Kearney's article was in fact a discussion as "32 mm." The film, which shows proper handling of of the unassessed influence of stress produced by incompe- 1 common species of laboratory animals, is 16 mm. Sci- tent handling of research animals on experimental results, entists are invited to write the Institute if they wish to and of the ethics of causing more pain than necessary for have a showing, either on a rental basis at $3 a week or the purposes of the experiment. as a free preview prior to possible purchase. BOOK REVIEW boratory, preferring to give a more detailed account of those species which may be new to many investigators. (Cntnd fr p 1) Extensive references to sources of further information are "UFAW has placed within the reach of all, at a rela- to be found in every chapter. This book should be 'stand- tively insignificant cost, a volume which one might rank ard equipment' in every laboratory carrying out animal in the class of the best value, and the most valuable for experiments." understanding humane scientific animal experiment at best . . . feeding, handling, disease, anesthesia, breeding, and S. Doak in "The New Scientist" individual features to detail." would recommend this volume as a book of reference for the consideration of all those associated with the breed- "The Lancet" ing, care and use of laboratory animals." "A book which undoubtedly meets every need likely to arise. It is everywhere obvious that the main inspiration A. McLaren in "Discovery" is the wish to keep laboratory animals in health and com- Many will wonder whether they can afford to lay out fort primarily in the interests of the animals, but with the three pounds ten shillings — on this book. In fact they inevitable result that experimental work becomes more cannot afford not to: humanity apart, the initial cost will reliable. be rapidly repaid in animal house economy." "It would be hard to overstate the importance of this book, which should be looked on as a compulsory purchase J. 0. L. King in "Nature" by all who undertake animal experiments; no other single "Every scientist who uses laboratory animals should volume approaches it in value." realize the importance of good stock husbandry. Techni- cal, as well as humane, considerations demand that experi- A. Howard Baker in "Laboratory Practice" mental animals be kept under the best possible conditions, "Only by attention to details of breeding, rearing, feed- for environmental irregularities can confuse experimental ing and housing both stock and experimental animals can results. This publication contains a wealth of knowledge reliance be placed on biological assay and so this second on the management of nearly all the species of animals and very much enlarged edition of the UFAW Handbook used in laboratories, and can be used as a guide to their will be more than welcome to all laboratory workers con- respective needs by any worker who is seeking detailed cerned. information. "Such a comprehensive work is beyond the power of "This book will undoubtedly be widely read by scientific one individual to review in detail but there can be no workers who use experimental animals, and could, with doubt that this work will be the bible for all classes of advantage, be provided as a standard reference book in laboratory workers who have to deal with experimental all institutes where laboratory animals are kept . . . and animals." a debt of gratitude is due to the Universities Federation for Anirnal Welfare for producing this book." I. H. Pattison in "The Veterinary Bulletin" "No effort and, one imagines, no expense have been "The Veterinary Record" spared to convey clearly and attractively a huge amount "In the present work which is jointly edited by A. N. of information on every aspect of the maintenance of those Worden and W. Lane-Petter, the specialised knowledge animals (mammals, birds, reptiles, amphibia, fish, worms, of nearly 90 contributors has been condensed into one and insects) that contribute so much to the advancement volume. The result is a well-balanced book of reference of knowledge in the laboratories of the world. which will be of immense value to laboratory workers and "Enthusiasm is a pleasing feature of the book. The others interested in the welfare of a wide variety of animal welfare of the animal is always uppermost in the authors' species. minds, and there is an urgent 'message' throughout that "This edition, like its predecessor, will be constantly only the best is good enough. There is sympathy of a used by all engaged in problems connected with laboratory strictly practical kind, and no morbid sentimentality. Dog- animals. The practising veterinary surgeon will find it a ma is avoided, and the general tone is of the expert giving most useful source of information when confronted with his advice rather than of didacticism. patients outside the usual run of domesticated species "On scientific grounds this book will have interest and normally dealt with." importance for all who work with animals, whether inside or outside laboratories, and because of its wide general Koji Ando, Chairman of the Japan Laboratory Animal appeal it will be read with profit and pleasure by many Research Society, in "Maruzen" who are not scientists but who have the welfare of animals "I think that a book of this nature published at a world- at heart." wide turning point in the history of laboratory animals is bound to be welcomed on all sides in our country too." E. C. Appleby in "Animal Breeding Abstracts" "A massive work, containing almost a thousand pages, "South African Medical Journal" amply illustrated, beautifully printed and bound in purple "This book must be available to all workers in institu- cloth. . . . It wduld be difficult to praise this book too tions where animals are kept and used for research work highly as a work of reference. It will be a valued com- and the teaching of students. Technicians who have more panion to workers in many fields for years to come." dealings than anyone else with laboratory animals should be properly trained and be particularly well versed in the P. F. D'Arcy in "The Pharmaceutical Journal" subject matter and applications of this book. . . . The "The authors have avoided devoting a disproportionate book is a most instructive study and reference volume amount of space to species commonly found in the 1,1- and a mine of information." GOEME OKS USE O conditions, all untreated animals developed the shipping fever syndrome, whereas those treated with perphenazine AQUIIE O CAE before shipment remained unaffected." Other experiments EOE SAUGE showed similar effectiveness in protecting the animals' health and well-being. Use of a tranquilizer to -ease the stress of meat animals on their way to slaughter has been approved by the Fed- eral Government. A press release from the Jensen-Salsbery YOU ARE INVITED TO ASSIST CONSER- Laboratories states: VATION GROUPS IN STOPPING OIL POL- The Food and Drug Administration has approved the LUTION which causes death through starvation and use of Diquel on cattle up to 24 hours prior to slaughter. . . exposure to great numbers of sea birds. Not only will the tranquilizer eliminate the terrifying Dr. S. Dillon Ripley of Yale University, President of bawling of slaughter animals, but it will substantially re- the International Committee for Bird Preservation, informs duce the $50,000,000 yearly bruising losses caused by us, "Resolution No. 3 passed at the XI International Con- frightened animals, according to Dr. Vladimir Dvorkovitz, ference of the International Committee for Bird Preserva- Jen-Sal president. tion in Helsinki, June 5, 1958, is as follows: "Previously, all tranquilizers were barred from use with- "Having noted the efforts of the United States to in the 72-hour period before slaughter. This was done to prevent pollution of the sea within and adjacent to its eliminate any danger of residue in the meat. However, territorial waters, and that the control of oil pollution the 72-hour period was too long a time for practical use by ships on the high seas (the effect of which is to by packers. pollute the coasts of other nations) requires international agreement, and that the International Convention for "According to Jen-Sal, when Diquel is injected accord- the Prevention of Pollution of the Sea by Oil 1954 was ing to directions approved by the Food and Drug Ad- designed to achieve this purpose, URGENTLY HOPES ministration, the animal will be tranquilized from two to AND RECOMMENDS that the United States will join four days. No residue dangerous to human health remains with the other maritime nations in signing and ratifying in the meat. the said convention." "Dvorkovitz predicted that slaughter use of tranquilizers The United States initiated some thirty years ago the will bring about many changes in stockyards practice. In- effort to prevent pollution of the sea by oil. Our country's juries to animal handlers will be reduced. Shipping fever, leadership in this field should continue. a $25,000,000 yearly disease loss caused by stress and By writing to the Department of State, Washington 25, excitement in shipment, will be curtailed. D.C. and expressing your desire to see our country sign "While Diquel is now used by many farmers to tran- and ratify the convention, you will help save the thousands quilize animals for shipment from range to feedlot, the upon thousands of birds that become soaked with oil new Food and Drug Administration order will also per- floating on the surface of the sea after it has been dis- mit animals to be tranquilized on their way to the stock- charged by ships. The birds' plumage sticks together so yards. This will help eliminate costly shrinkage which they cannot fly. occurs during shipment and handling in stockpens. The London Times said in an editorial entitled "Filthy "Diquel is used and distributed by veterinarians." Oil On The Waters" (July 25, 1958) ". . . The evils of The October 1958 issue of "Veterinary Medicine" car- this form of contamination are many. Perhaps the most ries an interesting article entitled, "Use of Perphenazine obvious is the destruction, mostly by lingering starvation, of in Shipping Cattle" by E. J. Foley, Q. F. McDonald, sea birds, and it was the ornithologists-all credit to them W. G. Robertson and J. C. Siegrist of the Schering Cor- -who first took up the battle and have never ceased to poration. It describes tests with the tranquilizer manu- wage it. How many million sea-birds have perished in factured by that firm (Trilafon). The table below shows this way during the past 40 years no one could compute; how much cattle are benefitted by being tranquillized in but the strandings of oiled birds, helpless and battered transit. The article states in part: "In the first experiment shorewards by the waves, have often been spectacularly in which the cattle were transported under adverse climatic horrible . . ."

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