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Papias and Matthew, Papias and His Elder John (Three Topical Studies)
_______________________________________________________________ Papias and Matthew, Papias and his Elder John (Three Topical Studies) I Papias and Matthew (Who Wrote Matthew’s Gospel?) p. 1 II. Papias and His “Elder John” (Who Wrote John’s Gospel and Revelation?) p. 49 III. Messianic Prophecy p. 79 A Confirmation that the Bible Is True and that Jesus Is the Promised Savior by Steven Waterhouse Westcliff Press www.webtheology.com (Free download) [email protected] i _______________________________________________________________ Other books by Steven Waterhouse Not By Bread Alone; An Outlined Guide to Bible Doctrine Strength For His People; A Ministry For the Families of the Mentally Ill Blessed Assurance; A Defense of the Doctrine of Eternal Security What Must I Do To Be Saved? The Bible’s Definition of Saving Faith Life’s Tough Questions Holy Matrimony; The Image of God in the Family Outside the Heavenly City; Abortion in Rome and the Early Church’s Response Jesus and History; How We Know His Life and Claims Depression Recovery; According to the Bible Suffering; Why Would a Good God Allow Evil and Pain? Messianic Prophecy A Biblical Look at Unborn Children Husband and Wife; The Imitation of Christ Jesus, Miracles and History Bible Counsel for Raising Children Understanding Dispensationalism The Gifts of the Spirit All Books Available for FREE DOWNLOAD at www.webtheology.com ISBN #9780991358540 Available at Amazon.com ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Published by Westcliff Press (www.webtheology.com). First Edition 2014 Copyright 2014 by Steven W. Waterhouse All rights reserved. This book or portions thereof may be reproduced or retransmitted without written permission from the publisher only if attributed to the author and without alteration. -
What If the Gospel According to the Hebrews Was Q?
What If the Gospel according to the Hebrews Was Q? Introduction The absence of references to Q in the Church Fathers has often been taken as evidence against the two- document hypothesis. Michael Goulder writes: “There is no reference to Q in any ancient source.”1 Eta Linnemann says: “The writings of the ancient church give not the slightest hint that such a source ever existed. Among the early church fathers there is not even a rumor of a lost canonical gospel.”2 And Nicholas Perrin writes: “We have no manuscript of Q, no attestation in the early Church Fathers or elsewhere that such a text ever existed. We have no hard evidence at all for Q.”3 Today I want to consider the evidence for and the implications of the idea that Q continued to be used by Christian Jews for centuries after it was taken up by Matthew and Luke and that several of the church fathers were aware of this gospel and have even provided us with a handful of quotations of it. Q specialists often hold that Q originated among a group of Christians who maintained their Jewish identity.4 Since the church fathers tell us that Christian Jews used a different gospel, known as the Gospel according to the Hebrews (GHeb),5 it is paramount to ask whether GHeb might have been Q. Clement of Alexandria, Origen, Eusebius, Epiphanius, and Jerome quote twenty-six passages from GHeb.6 I do not have the time to defend the unpopular notion that these five authors are indeed working from the same gospel,7 but let me say that it would only help my case if I could bracket out, for example, the quotations by Jerome as not being from GHeb. -
Church History - Week 1 60 - 312 AD
Church History - Week 1 60 - 312 AD Hebrews 13:7 (NIV) - "Remember your leaders, who spoke the word of God to you. Consider the outcome of their way of life and imitate their faith." 1. Church Structures a. Acts 2:42-47 and the whole of the New Testament describes early Church structure and practices. b. Homes and some larger rented buildings for meetings - Acts 12:12; Rom 16:5; 1 Cor 16:19; Col 4:15; Phm 1:2; Acts 2:46; Acts 19:9. Because Christianity was illegal, special Church buildings were not used in this time. c. There were local elders but all Christians were ministers - there was no “clergy and laity” distinction - all gifts were important. 2. Church Persecution was a part of life 3. Church Growth a. In his book, The Rise of Christianity, Rodney Stark (professor of Social Sciences at Baylor University) says that in the first three centuries of the Church, Christianity grew by 40% every decade. This means that they grew from a few thousand in 40 AD to 34 million in 350 AD. They grew from less than 1% of the total population to 56% of the empire in a few centuries. 4. Miracles a large part of life but may have been starting to wane. 5. Church beliefs a. Early Church fathers’ writings - Clement of Rome, Ignatius of Antioch, Polycarp of Smyrna, Papias of Hierapolis, Justin Martyr, Irenaeus of Lyons, Clement of Alexandria, Origen of Alexandria, Athanasius of Alexandria, Tertullian, didache. Structures and forms start to exist. b. Heresies & Creeds - Gnosticism, Marcionism. -
PAT101 Booklet.Pdf
Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States PAT 102 NICENE AND POST NICENE FATHERS Servants’ Preparation Program 2007 ( TABLE OF CONTENTS ( • Introduction • The Beginnings of Liturgical Formulas and Canonical Legislation • The Apostolic Fathers • St. Clement of Rome • St. Ignatius of Antioch • St. Polycarp of Smyrna • The Epistle of Barnabas • Papias of Hierapolis • The "Shepherd" of Hermas • The Epistle to Diognetus • QUADRATUS 2 PAT 102 Nicene and Post Nicene Fathers © 2007 Coptic Orthodox Diocese of the Southern United States INTRODUCTION Patrology The word “Patrology” is derived from the Latin word “Pater” which means, “Father.” Patrology is the science, which deals with the life, acts, writings, sayings, doctrines and thoughts of the orthodox writers of the early church: 1) The life of the Fathers: In order to understand their writings and sayings, their lives and the environment in which they lived, must also be considered. 2) Their acts: The writings, sermons, dialogues, letters, etc. of the Fathers are inseparable from their own lives. Patrology’s message is to be sure of the authenticity of these acts scientifically, publishing them and translating them in modern languages. 3) More importantly is the discovery of the thoughts of the Fathers, their dogma, doctrines and concepts concerning God, man, church, salvation, worship, creation, the body, the heavenly life, etc. Patrology is the door through which we can enter into the church and attain her spirit, which affects our inner life, conduct and behavior. Through Patrology, the acts of the Fathers are transferred into living thoughts and concepts which are based on a sound foundation, without ignoring the world around us. -
The Gospel of Thomas by APRIL D. Deconick Isla Carroll and Percy E
The Gospel of Thomas By APRIL D. DeCONICK Isla Carroll and Percy E. Turner Professor of Biblical Studies, Rice University This article views the Gospel of Thomas as the product of an early Eastern form of Christianity, most probably originating in a Syrian context. The text should not be seen as representing some Gnostic or marginal sapiential form of Christianity, rather it reflects a trajectory in ‘orthodox’ Christianity that valued mystical or esoteric teaching. Such traditions have been found in mainstream Christianity throughout its history. The text of the Gospel of Thomas is understood to be a rolling corpus, or aggregate of sayings that represent different moments in the life and history of the early Thomasine community. KEYWORDS Gospel of Thomas, Gnosticism, Community Memory, Rolling Corpus, early Syrian Christianity, Mysticism If there is one early Christian gospel that has a career both famous and infamous, it is the Gospel of Thomas. It has been called a ‘direct and almost unbroken continuation of Jesus’ own teaching – unparalleled anywhere in the canonical tradition’ 1 – as well as a ‘perversion of Christianity by those who wanted to create Jesus in their own image’.2 It has been understood as an early Jewish Christian document, preserving independent Jesus traditions older than the New Testament gospels, as well as a late Gnostic gospel entirely dependent on the canonical gospels. On the one hand it has been lauded as the ‘fifth gospel’, while on the other it has been dismissed as ‘heretical’. What are we to make of this enigmatic gospel containing 114 known and unknown sayings of Jesus? 1. -
DID JESUS SPEAK HEBREW? by Roy Blizzard Jnr
Judaic-Christian Studies DID JESUS SPEAK HEBREW? by Roy Blizzard Jnr JESUS SPOKE AND TAUGHT IN HEBREW. Hebrew was the language of the common person in Judea in Jesus' day. The Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark, and Luke) were all based on an original Life Story of Jesus that was written originally in Hebrew and not in Aramaic nor in Greek. What evidence do we have that establishes unequivocally that Hebrew was the language Jesus spoke and in which he taught? THE TESTIMONY OF EARLY CHRISTIAN WRITERS Early Christian writers who mention the subject are all in unanimous agreement that the original Gospel was written by Matthew in Hebrew. The earliest of these writers was Papias (Fragment 6), dating from about A.D. 167, who records, "Matthew compiled the sayings of Jesus in the Hebrew tongue, and everyone translated them as well as he could" (Eusebius, "Ecclesiastical History", III,39,1). Irenaeus, one of the earliest of the Church Fathers, confirms Papias' statement a few years later when he writes, "Matthew published a written Gospel for the Hebrews in their own tongue" (Ibid. V,8,2). A Jewish believer named Hegesippus is reported to "draw occasionally on the Gospel of the Hebrews ... and particularly on works in Hebrew" (Ibid. IV,22,4). However, the most dramatic testimony to the existence of an original Hebrew Gospel is the well-known Jerome, who translated the Scriptures into Latin in Bethlehem circa A.D. 400. In Jerome's extensive writings there are nineteen passages that speak of a "Hebrew Gospel" or a Gospel "according to the Hebrews". -
|||GET||| the Gospel According to the Hebrews and the Gospel of The
THE GOSPEL ACCORDING TO THE HEBREWS AND THE GOSPEL OF THE EBIONITES 1ST EDITION DOWNLOAD FREE Andrew Gregory | 9780199287864 | | | | | Gospel of the Hebrews Stanton, e. Originally written in Coptic, it was translated into Arabic, in which language with a Latin version it was published in And the power came down into the world, and it was called Mary, and [Christ] was in her womb for seven months. These may be said to be all concerning which there is any dispute. Clement quoted from the gospel as part of a discourse on divine Wisdom. It is this concept of unity within the Godhead that underlies this pericope from the Gospel of the Hebrews. Influence of Oral Instruction: The Christian church in its earlier form arose out of the teaching, example and influence of the apostles at Jerusalem. Catholic University of America Press. Latin version of Origen on Matthew now called Pseudo-Origen. It would seem as if the age thus deprived of the Protevangelium demanded some document of the same character to take its place. In its latest forms the document indicates the obvious aim of the writer to promote the sanctity and veneration of the Virgin. A history of the Synoptic problem will be found in outline in many recent works; the most elaborate and best is in Zahn's Introduction, III. Gnosticism, Judaism, and Egyptian Christianity. Eusebius quotes Hegesippus, who states: "This apostle was consecrated from his mother's womb. This Barabbasin the Gospel entitled wrtten according to the Hebrews, is interpreted 'son of their master' teacher. Part I. -
1 Peter Bible Study Lesson 40
A Study of The Epistle of 1st Peter Theme: “A LIVING HOPE!” Trinity Lutheran Church - Norman, OK. Pastor David R. Nehrenz – www.tlcnorman.org Lesson: 40 Chapter 5:13-14 Date: 6-13-21 BIBLE TEXT: (13) She who is at Babylon, who is likewise chosen, sends you greetings, and so does Mark, my son. (14) Greet one another with the kiss of love. Peace to all of you who are in Christ. STUDY NOTES: (13) She who is at Babylon, who is likewise chosen, sends you greetings, and so does Mark, my son. (John Mark: Mark 10:17-25; 14:43-52; 16:1-8; Acts 12:12-25; 15:35-41; Col 4:10; Philemon 1:24; Chosen sons in the faith: Eph 1:4; 1 Tim 1:2,18; 2 Tim 4:11; Babylon: Rev 14:8; 16:19; 17:5-10; 18:2,10,21) Mark = John Mark – the associate of Peter and the writer of the Gospel of Mark: Proposed Author by Tradition: John Mark, who transcribed the teachings of Simon Peter, is traditionally held to be the author of the Second Gospel. John Mark was the son of a widow woman named Mary (Acts 12:12-17). The disciples met in Mary’s home. Her home may have even served as the location of the Last Supper. John Mark was also the cousin of Barnabas (Colossians 4:10). John Mark accompanied Paul and Barnabas on their missionary journeys. He was, however, scolded by Paul and was disallowed to continue after Mark left the missionaries for unknown reasons (Acts 13:13). -
Biblical Spirituality
THE SYNOPTIC PROBLEM Ascertaining the literary dependence of the Synoptic Gospels constitutes what is commonly termed the Synoptic Problem. Site to compare Gospels: http://sites.utoronto.ca/religion/synopsis/ A. Similarities between the Synoptic Gospels 1. Common Material: Matthew Mark Luke Total Verses: 1,068 661 1,149 Triple Tradition (verses): 330 330 330 Double Tradition: 235 235 Note the similarity of the following pericopes: Matt 19:13-15/Mark 10:13-16/Luke 18:15-17 Matt 24:15-18/Mark 13:14-16/Luke 21:20-22 Matt 3:3; Mark 1:3; Luke 3:4 (Note the text of Isa 40:3 reads in the Septuagint: “Make straight the paths of our God,” and in the Hebrew “Make straight in the wilderness a highway for our God.”). Matthew 22:37; Mark 12:30; Luke 10:27 (This biblical quotation does not agree with the Hebrew text, which mentions heart and not mind, nor the Greek which never combines both heart and mind).1 2. Basic Agreement in Structure: Mark Matthew Luke a. Introduction to Ministry: 1:1-13 3:1-4, 11 3:1-4, 13 b. Galilean Ministry: 1:14-19, 50 4:12-18, 35 4:14-19, 50 c. Journey to Jerusalem: 10:1-52 19:1-20, 34 9:51-19:41 d. Death and Resurrection: chs. 11-16 chs. 21-28 chs. 19-24 3. Triple Tradition: An examination of “triple tradition,” reveals that while there is much material which is similar to all three Gospels, there is a good amount of material that show agreements between Matthew and Mark, and also Mark and Luke, but there is almost no material in the triple tradition that is common to Matthew and Luke (Matt 9:1-2; Mark 2:1-5; Luke 5:17-20). -
Pericope Adulterae: a Most Perplexing Passage
Andrews University Seminary Studies, Vol. 56, No. 1, 91–114. Copyright © 2018 Andrews University Seminary Studies. PERICOPE ADULTERAE: A MOST PERPLEXING PASSAGE Steven Grabiner Collegedale, Tennessee Abstract The account of the woman caught in adultery, traditionally found in John’s Gospel, is full of encouragement to sinners in need of for- giveness. Nevertheless, due to its textual history, this story—referred to as the Pericope Adulterae—is considered by many scholars to be an interpolation. The textual history is one of the most intriguing of any biblical passage. This article reviews that history, examines possible reasons for the passage’s inclusion or exclusion from John’s Gospel, engages discussion on the issue of its canonicity, and gives suggestions for how today’s pastors might relate to the story in their preaching. Keywords: Pericope Adulterae, adulteress, textual history, canon, textual criticism Introduction The story of the woman caught in adultery, found in John 7:52–8:11, contains a beautiful and powerful portrayal of the gospel. It has no doubt encouraged countless believers from the time it was first written. Despite the power in the story, it is unquestionably one of the most controverted texts in the New Testament (NT). Unfortunately, when a conversation begins regarding the textual variations connected with this account, emotions become involved and if the apostolic authorship is questioned and its place in the canon threatened, then, no matter the reasoning or the evidence, the theological pull frequently derails a calm discussion. Fears of releasing a river of unbelief that will sweep away precious truth and create a whirlpool of doubt arise. -
Download Ancient Apocryphal Gospels
MARKus BOcKMuEhL Ancient Apocryphal Gospels Interpretation Resources for the Use of Scripture in the Church BrockMuehl_Pages.indd 3 11/11/16 9:39 AM © 2017 Markus Bockmuehl First edition Published by Westminster John Knox Press Louisville, Kentucky 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26—10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the pub- lisher. For information, address Westminster John Knox Press, 100 Witherspoon Street, Louisville, Kentucky 40202- 1396. Or contact us online at www.wjkbooks.com. Scripture quotations are from the New Revised Standard Version of the Bible, copyright © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. and are used by permission. Map of Oxyrhynchus is printed with permission by Biblical Archaeology Review. Book design by Drew Stevens Cover design by designpointinc.com Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data Names: Bockmuehl, Markus N. A., author. Title: Ancient apocryphal gospels / Markus Bockmuehl. Description: Louisville, KY : Westminster John Knox Press, 2017. | Series: Interpretation: resources for the use of scripture in the church | Includes bibliographical references and index. Identifiers: LCCN 2016032962 (print) | LCCN 2016044809 (ebook) | ISBN 9780664235895 (hbk. : alk. paper) | ISBN 9781611646801 (ebook) Subjects: LCSH: Apocryphal Gospels—Criticism, interpretation, etc. | Apocryphal books (New Testament)—Criticism, interpretation, etc. Classification: LCC BS2851 .B63 2017 (print) | LCC BS2851 (ebook) | DDC 229/.8—dc23 LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2016032962 The paper used in this publication meets the minimum requirements of the American National Standard for Information Sciences—Permanence of Paper for Printed Library Materials, ANSI Z39.48- 1992. -
Introduction & Mark 1:1-13
Introduction & Mark 1:1-13 Class Discussion for September 23, 2020 Trinity Lutheran, Zanesville, OH Opening Prayer As We Begin As we begin our study of Mark’s gospel what do you know about it already? Feel free to list or share as many things as you can think of. What do you hope to learn as we read through this account together over the next several weeks? About the Author (From CPH’s Mark Study Questions) The Gospel of Mark was written c. AD 50-60 by John Mark. John Mark was a youth during Jesus’ ministry and yet he likely was present at certain events in the early church. His mother’s house served as a meeting place for the early Christians in Jerusalem (Acts 12:12), and some Bible scholars believe that Jesus celebrated the Last Supper at Mark’s house. Other scholars suggest that Mark was the young man who appeared in the Garden of Gethsemane when Jesus was arrested (Mark 14:51-52). One might wonder though how Mark was able to provide the eyewitness account of Jesus’ ministry in this gospel if he was only a youth at the time. Here’s the rest of the story… Mark was a cousin of Barnabas (Colossians 4:10) and accompanied Paul and Barnabas on their first missionary journey but then he abandoned the mission at Pamphylia. When Paul brought up the idea of returning to those churches, Barnabas wanted to give Mark a second chance and bring him along. But Paul did not think that would be a good idea.