98 COMMERCIAL F ISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 22, No. 2

FEDERAL ACTIONS

Departme nt of Hea Ith, Federal Register of November 20, 1959. The order became effective on Decem­ Education, and Welfare ber 20, 1959.

FOOD AND DRUG ADMlNISTRA TION The order also points out that inclu­ sion of substances as nutrients does LIST OF FOOD ADDITIVES GENERAL­ not constitute a finding that the sub ­ LY RECOGNIZED AS SAFE ISSUED: stance is useful as a supplement to the A list of food additives or substances human diet. generally recognized as safe appeared in an order issued by the U. S. Food and The order as it appeared in the Fed­ Drug Administration and published in the eral RegIster follows:

graph (d) of this section include addi­ ascorbate. Title 21-FOOD AND DRUGS tional substances that, when used for the Sodium propionate. purposes indicated, in accordance with Sodium sorbate. Chapter I-Food and Drug Adminis­ Sorbic acid. good manufacturing practice, are re­ Tocopherols. tration, Department af Health, Edu­ garded by the Commissioner as generally cation, and Welfare recognized as safe for such uses. BUFn:RS AND NEUTRALIZING AGENTS (b) For the purposes of this section, Acetic acid. SUBCHAPTER B--FOOD AND FOOD PRODUCTS good manufacturing practice shall be Aluminum ammonium sulfate. defined to include the followini restric­ Aluminum sodium 8u1!ate. PART 121-FOOD ADDITIVES tions: Aluminum suttate. Ammonium bicarbonate. Subpart B-Exemption of Certain (1) The quantity of a substance added Ammonium carbonate. Food Additives From the Require­ to food does not exceed the amount rea­ Ammonium hydroxide. ment of Tolerances sonably required to accomplish its in­ Ammonium (mono- and dI- baslc-) . tended physical, nutritional, or other carbonate. SUBSTANCES THAT ARE GENERALLY technical effect in food; and RECOGNIZED AS SAFE . (2) The quantity of a substance that CalcluIIl citrate. Pursuant to the authority vested in the becomes a component of food as a result . Secretary of Health, Education, and oOts use in the manufacturing, process­ Calcium hydroxide. Welfare by the Federal Food, Drug and ing or packaging of food, and which is . Cosmetic Act (sees. 409, 701, 72 Stat. not'Intended to accomplish any physical C.Jclum oxide. . 1785,52 Stat. 1055, as amended 72 stat. or other technieal effect in the food itself, Citric acid. 948; 21 U.S.C. 348, 371), and delegated shall be reduced to the extent reasonably Lactic acid. to the Commissioner of Food and Drugs PQssible. carbonate. by the Secretary (23 F.R. 9500), and (3) The substance is of appropriate . after having considered all comments on food grade and is prepared and handled Potassium acid tartrate. the proposed order published in the as a food ingredient. Upon request the Potassium blcarbona.te. FEDERAL REGISTER of December 9, 1958 Commissioner will offer an opinion, based Potassium carbonate. (23 F.R. 9511), containing a list of sub­ on specifications and intended use, as to . Potassium hydroxide. stances regarded as genera)ly recognized whether or not a particular grade or lot Sodium acetate. as safe within the meaning of section 409 of the substance is of suit,able purity Sodium acid pyrophosphate. of the act, the Commissioner has con­ for use in food and would generally be Sodium aluminum phosphate. cluded that the substances in that list regarded as safe for the purpose in­ Sodium bicarbonate. with the exception of carbon black, char­ tended, by experts qualified to evaluate Sodium carbonate. coal, oleic acid, linoleic acid, titanium its safety. Sodium citrate. dioxide, and ultramarine blue, are gen­ (c) The inclusion of substances in the . erally recognized as safe. Therefore, it is Sodium phosphate (m on o- , <11-, tri-) , list of nutrients does not constitute a Sodium potassium tartrate. ordered, That the food additive regula­ finding on the part of the Department Sodium sesqulcarbon a.te. tions (21 CFR Part 121 (24 F .R. 1095» be that the substance is useful as a supple­ Sulfuric acid. amended by adding thereto, under Sub­ ment to the diet for humans. Tartaric acid. part B, the following new section: (d) Substances that are generally rec­ § 121.101 Subslances that are generally ognized as safe for their intended use recognized as safe. within the meaning of section 409 of the EMULSD'TING MENTII act are as follows: (a) It is impracticable to list all sub­ Dlacetyl tartaric acid esters of-mono- aDd stances that are generally recognized as CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES dlglyce rld~ from t he glycerolys1s of edible Ascorbic acid. fats or Oils. safe for their intended use. However, by Mono- .and dlglycerld es from the glyceroly­ way of illustration, the Commissioner Ascorbyl palmitate. Calcium ascorbate. . Ie of edible fa.ts or oils. regards such common food ingredients as Calcium propionate. Monosodium p hosp h at e derivatives o! , pepper, sugar, vinegar, baking pow­ Erythorbic acid. mono- and d lglycer ldes from t he glycerolysla der, and monosodium glutamate as safe P otassiUm sorbate. of edible fats or olis. for their intended use. The lists in para- l'l:oplonlc acid. P ropylene glycol. February 1960 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 99

MISCELLANEOUS Papain. NUTRIENTS . Acetic acid. Propane. Ascorbic acid . Aluminum . Propylene glycol. . Aluminum sullate. Triacetin (glyceryl triacetate). Calcium oxide. Butane. Tricalcium phosphate. Calcium pantothenate. Calcium phosphate. tribasic. Sodium carbonate. Calcium phosphate (mono-. di-. tribasic). Caramel. Sodium -phosphate. calcium sulfate. Carbon dioxide. Sodium tripolyphosphate. carotene. Cainauba wax. Ferric phoophate. Cit ric acid. N ONNUTRITlVE SWEETENERS Ferric pyrophoophate. Glycerin. Ferric sodium pyrophosphate. Glycerol monostearate. Calcium cyclohexyl sullamate. Helium. Ferrous sulfate. Calcium saccharin. . reduced. Magnesium carbonate. Saccharin. Magnesium hydroxide. I-Lysine monohydrochlorlde. Sodium cyclohexyl sulfamate. Niacin. Monoammonium glutamate. Sodium saccharin. Nitrogen. Niacinamide. D-Pantothenyl alcohol. . Pyridoxine hydrochloride. Riboflavin. Product Tolerance Specific uses or restrlctiOD! Rlboflavln-5-phosphate. Sodium pantothenate. Sodium phosphate (mono-. dl-. tribasic). ANTJCAKINQ AGENTS Thiamine hydrochloride. Aluminum calcium silIcat. ______2 percent. ______In table salt. Th1amine mononitrate. Calcium silicate ______5 percent ______In baking powder. a-Tocopherol acetate. Calclum sjlicate .. ______2 perceot ______In table salt. VitaminA. Magnesium silicate ______do ______.. ______Do. Tricalcium silicate ______do ______Vitamin A acetate. Do. Vitamin A palmitate. • CHEMICAL PRESERVATIVES VitaminB12 Benwlc acld .. ______0.1 percenL ______VitaminD,. Butyloted bydroxyanlsole______Total content oC antloxldants not VitaminD,. over 0.02 percent of fat Or bil COD­ SEQUESTRANTS tent, inclu

*)~*** 100 COMMERCIAL j'ISTJERmS I{[<,VIEW Vol. 22. o. 2

WARNING ISSUED ON USE OF dis 'ase should b olltillued, and this TERM "CHOLESTEROL" IN policystnt nJ-nldo snolinlerf f' inany LABELING OF COMMON FOODS: way with 1 gitirnat' res an h and clinical Addition of unsaturated fatsand oils -valu lion of unsaLllf'al d fats in tht. iet. to. the otherwise unchanged ordinary diet Il is OUI' /' -sjJonsilJillty, how.v C', t point will not reduce blood chol sterul and olllthatlh~pul>lic has b n misl d into prevent heart attacks and strokes, til r 'lying 1'1' matUl'1 lyon data whi hal" Food and Drug Administratiun announ 'I,d still xp 'rim' ntal. ilH ompl t • and c m­ on December 10, 1959. Representations trcdi tory, ndtoh dofffcls_andmis- to the public that salad oils, shud ning::., 1 adingpI'om ti ns b s 'don such data." oleomargarine, and similar' pl'ocluds have value for these purposes eU'!! fals ~ h)l st 1'01 is a subs tan that is and misleading and will cause such pI' d­ manuf ctur d in th b dy and h s an im­ ucts to be misbranded, accol'ding to d portant functi n in many of th body tis- statement of la w-enforcement poli y sue . It i Iso PI' nt in mm 1 f ts published in the Federal Register of D - an 011 su h as butt 1',1 I'd, t acon, and cember la, m at fat. hI blood lev 1 of chol st 1'01 is controll d largely by synth SiS in the The Commissioner of Food and Drug body ancl is affect d very little by the a­ said there is widespread int rest in the mount pI' nt in our food . Th ag ncy possible relationship belwe n bloud cho­ furth I' p01nt d out th V1 w of nu rition lesterol levels and heart and artery dis­ sci, ntists that it i impract1cabl for a eases. As a result, he explamea. ref­ per on to add nough unsatur t d f ts to erence to the term II chol s t 1'01" in th un 0 t h I' V i unchanged di t to brmg labeling of common foods no\ b mg of­ about any significant chang" in blood fered to the public may have the ffee choles 1'01. Incr as d v 19ht, th Y add, of a claim of special value for prev"nt­ is th only result th t is lik ly 0 b ing or treating these diseas 's. The chi v d by incr a ing th k of fats. Commissioner added: 'I h ' policy stat 'm nt, bas d on an ex­ "Scientific investigations of fatty ub­ t"nS1V> surv y of leading m dical au- stances as a possible factor in lowering thoriti s, published in th ederal ~- blood cholesterol and preventing heart ist r, follows: ----

by the Eecrf'tary (23 F R. 9500), nnd pur­ (b) The role of chol t rol In heart Title 21-FOOD AND DRUGS suant to the Admlnls rnUvc Procedure and nrt.cry d1.sen.ses has not n b­ Act (sec. 3,40 stat. 237; 5 USC. 1002). lLshed. A causal relationAhlp between Chapter I-Food and Drug Adminis­ the followmg stat ment of policy ls blood cholest rollevels and these dl.5ea.ses tration, Department of Health, Edu­ Issued. h not be n proved. The ad\ btl ty of cation, and Welfare § 3.·1-1 .Ialu of "rliel olTer.,.l In lI.e makinG extensh c chanGes in the n ture of the dle\.ar)· fat Intake of the people SUBCHAPTER A--GENERAL !(enerul publi .. for th, ~ .. nlr,,1 or ""­ duction of blood thol~ I .. rol I'-HI of this country h not be n demon- PART 3-STATEMENTS OF GENERAL and for th.e prevrntion and trullm('nt 5trnted. POLICY OR INTERPRETATION of heart Dnd art'-Q di .,."r undtr tIt< (c) It Is therefore the opinion cf the Federnl Food, Drug, and ('0 melic Food and Drug Admlnlstrntlon that any Status of Articles Offered to the Gen· Act, claim, direct or Implied, In the labellng eral Public for the Control or Re­ (a) There Is much public Interest and of fats and oils or other fatty substances duction of Blood Cholesterol Levels speculation about the elIect of various offered to he general publJc th'lt they and for the Prevention and Treat­ fatty foods on blood cholesterol and the \I 111 pre\ ent, mltlgate, or cure dise~ ment of Heart and Artery Disease relationship between blood cholesterol or the heart or arteries ls false or m1S­ levels and diseases of the heart nnd leading, lUld constitutes miSbranding Under the Federal Food, Drug, and within the meaning of the Federal Food, Cosmetic Act arteries. The general public has come to associate the term "cholesterol" with Drug, lUld Cosmetic Act. Under the authority vested in the Sec­ these diseases. A numl-Jer of common (Soc. 701, 53 Stat. 1055, 88 amended; 21 retary of Health. Education. lUld Welfare food fats and oils and some other forms U.S.C. 371. lntelprets or appUes sec. 403 by the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic of fatty substances are being oITered to (Ill. 52 Stat. 1047; 21 U S.C. 343 (a) ) Act (sec. 701 (a), 52 stat. 1055, as the general publlc as being of value in the Dat.cd: December 7. 1959. amended; 21 U.S.C. 371) and delegated control or reduction of blood cholesterol to the Commissioner of Food and Drug::. levels and for the prevention or treat­ [SEAL] GEO. P. LARRICK. ment of diseases of the heart or arteries .. Com)aissioner 01 Food and DTug$. 1 1 F bruary 1960 1 lr..II:.R 'IAL FI H RI 1 E IE

Department of the Interior I Treasury Department

FISH AND WIlDLIFE SERVICE

BUREAU OF COMMERCIAL FISHERIES

FROZEN RAW BREADED FISH PORTIONS VOLU. TARY STANDARDS PROPOSED: Frozen raw breaded fish portions (in­ cluding raw breaded fish sticks) volun­ tary grade standards are proposed by the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisher­ ies. The regulations are proposed for adoption in accordance with the authori­ ty contained in Title II of the Agric ultural Marketing Act of August 14,1956, as a­ mended. Functions under thatAct pertain­ ing to fish, shellfish, and any products thereof were transferred to the Depart­ Office of the Secretory

ment of the Interior by section 6(a) of the 1M ()4 3 Fish and Wildlife Act of August 8, 1956. FROZEN TROUT FROM JAPAN The proposed standards, if recommend­ Determination of No Sales at leu ed to the Secretary of the Interior for adop­ Than Fair Valve tion and made effective, will be the first is­ sued by the Department prescribing volun­ tary grade standards for frozen raw bread­ ed fish portions. Thl' propo.sed regula­ tions were published in the December 5, 1959, issue of the Federal Register. The proposed standards include prod­ uct and grade description; factors of quality, including ascertaining the grade, evaluation of flavor, odor, appearance, absence of defects, and character; def­ initions and me thods of analysis; lot certification tolerances; and score sheet. The frozen raw breaded fish portions are described as uniformily-shaped un­ glazed masses of cohering pieces (not ground) of raw fish meat coated with suitable, wr.olesome batter and breading. at least 3/8-inch thick. tandards for fried or cooked br adl'd fish sticks have been in effect for som time. 102 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW Vol. 22, No. 2

Eighty -Sixth Co ngress prehensive 10-year program of oceanographic re­ search and surveys; to promote commerce and navigation, to secure the national defense; to ex­ (Second Session) pand ocean resources; to authorize the co.nstruc­ tion of research and survey ships and facilities; to CONGRESS RECONVENES: The sec­ assure systematic studies on effects of radioactive ond session of the 86th Congress con­ materials in marine environments; to enhance the vened January 6, 1960. The first ses­ general welfare and for other purposes; to the . Committee on Merchant Marine and Fishenes; lll­ sion adjourned September 15, 1959. All troduced in House January G 1960. The bill, titled legislation before "The Marine Sciences and R~search Act of 1959" ) '-, .4i. the House and Sen- provides for a 10-year program relating to obJec­ tives expressed in Senate Resolution 136, intro­ ' 4 ate dur ing the firs t duced June 22, 1959, and adopted by Senate July 15, - ~p session remained 1959. Identical bill S. 2692, introduced in Senate in its status as of September 11, 1959.- -- adjournment and is subject to further The bill would authorize the Secretary of the Interior to carry out the followmg activities: make consideration dur­ grants of funds to qualified scientists, research ing the second ses­ laboratories, or institutions in furtherance of sion. Bills intro­ oceanographic. studies, initiate and carry out a program for the replacement, modernization, and duced in the first session do not have to enlargement in the number of oceangoing vessels be reintroduced. Bills reported out of a. used for research, exploration, and surveys of committee or passed by one body of Con­ marine resources; construct and operate shore gress remained in status quo and do not facilities and laboratories to effectively support the vessels provided for in preceding item; coop­ have to retrace legislative steps during erate with other agencies and departments in con ­ the second session. ducting oceanwide surveys, conduct studies con­ cerning the relation of marine life to radioactive FISH SPAWNING PROTECTION IN SALMON elements, conduct studies of the economic and RIVER: S. 2586 (Church and Neuberger), bill pend­ legal aspects of commercial fisheries and the u­ ing before theSenate Interstate and Foreign Com­ tilization of marine products; request and obtain merce Committee; introduced in Senate August 24, cooperation from other governmental agencies and 1959, during the first session of the 86th Congress. several states having an interest in marine Amendment introduced in Senate January 19,1960, sciences; and take such action and carry out other proposes to further strengthen original bill by pro­ activities which will accomplish the purposes of hibiting the licensing of any dam on the Salmon this Act. For carrying out the provisions of this River, Idaho , whether or not such dam would prove Act, funds are authorized in addition to other ap­ more or less restrictive to the passage of salmon propriations to the Bureau of Commercial Fish­ than existing down-stream structures; referred to eries during the 10-year period beginning with the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com­ July 1 of the first fiscal year following approval of merce. As amended, the bill would keep the Salm­ this Act by the President. Bill also includes au­ on River open and unobstructed until the fish pas­ thor izations for wo rk by the Department of Com­ sage problem has been satisfactorily solved. merce' Department of Health, Education and Wel­ fare, Office of Education, Department of the Navy, INTERSTATE AND FOREIGN COMMERCE National Science Foundation Division of Marine COMMITTEE INVESTIGATIONS OF FISHERIES Sciences (established by bill), and Department of AND RELATED MATTERS: S. Res. 243 (Magnu­ the Interior, Bureau of Mines. son) , a resolution to authorize t~Senate Commit­ tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to exam­ SEAWEEDS (GROUND, POWDERED, OR GRAN­ ine, investigate, and make a complete study of ULATED) ON FREE IMPORT LIST: Senate Report several ma tters, including fisheries and wildlife; No. 1020, Freermportation of GroundYQWderecr;­ referred to the Committee on Interstate and For­ or Granula~Seaweeds (January 13, 1960, 86th eign Commerce; introduced in Senate January 14, Congress, 2nd Session, Report from the Commit­ 1960. tee on Finance to accompany H. R. 5887), 2 pp. , printed. Report contains purpose and provisions NATIONAL FISHERIES CENTER: S. 2840 of the bill, committee recommendations, changes (Beall and Byrd), a bill to create a Federal plan­ in existing law, and Paragraphs 1540 and 1722 of ning commission to conduct a study of the possible the Tariff Act of 1930 as amended. Committee en­ establishment of a National Fisheries Center in the countered no opposition to the bill and recommend­ District of Columbia; to the Committee on the Dis­ ed passage of the bill. trict of Columbia; introduced in Senate January 18, 1960. SHRIMP CONSERVATION CONVENTION WITH CUBA: S. 2867 (Magnuson), a bill to give effect to Also identical bills H. R. 9691 (McMillan), in­ the Convention between the United States and Cuba troduced in House JanuarY-18; and H. R. 9722 for the conservation of shrimp, signed at Havana (Aspinall) and H. R. 9727 (BroyhillCboth intro­ August 15, 1958; referred to the Committee on In­ duced in House-January 19, 1960. terstate and Foreign Commerce; introduced in Senate January 20, 1960. OCEANOGRAPHY: H. R. 9361 (Pelly) a bill to advance the marine sciences,toestablish a com- February 1960 COMMERCIAL FISHERIES REVIEW 103

TRANSPORTATION POLICIES: S. Res. 244 to transportation, Federal policies on consolida­ (Magnuson), a resolution to authorize t~Commit­ tions and mergers in the transportation industry, tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce to exam­ and other related matters; referred to the Commit­ ine, investigate, and make a complete study of tee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce; intro­ transportation regulation, Government assistance duced in Senate January 14, 1960.

HORS d 'OEUVRES AND CANAPES

These canapes suggested by the home economists of the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries should be appealing, attractive, and appropriate for parties.

GULF COAST SHRIMP BOll Tie spices in a piece of cheesecloth. To the water ad d onion, garlic, lemon, sal t, and bag of seasonings; pounds packaged (raw, frozen) 2 teaspoons whole cloves bring to a boil. Add shrimp; cover and return to the fully peeled, deve ined shrimp quarts water bay leaves boiling point. Simmer 3 to 5 minutes, depending on medium oniOns) sliced size. Remove from heat and let stand in spiced water tablespoon whole allspice 6 cloves garlic Liteaspoons crushed red peppers r lemons, sliced for 3 min ute s. Drain and chill. Serve garnished wi th 2 teaspoons whole black peppers '4 cup salt the whole spices and lemon slices. Yield: about 80 spiced shrimp.

TUNA PINEAPPLE DIP 1 can (6t or 7 ounces) tuna 3 tablespoons pineapple juice I can (9 ounces) crushed Dash salt pineapple Dash nutmeg 1 package (8 ounces) cream Potato chips cheese Drain tuna. Flake. Drain pine­ apple and save liquid. Soften cheese at room temperature. Combine a ll in­ gredients except potato chips; blend into a paste. Chill. S e r vein a bowl s u r­ rounded by potato chips. Makes about 1 pint of dip.

CRAB SAlAD IN PUFF SHELLS

1 pound crab meat t teaspoon celexy salt cup chopped celery 1 te aspoon salt teaspoons lemon Juice Dash pepper 2 teasp:>ons grated onion t cup mayonnaise or 2 tablespoons chopped sweet pickle or salad dressing

Remove any she 11 or car t il age from crab meat. Combin e all ingre­ dients. Cut tops from puff shells. Fill e a c h puff she 11 with approximately 2 teaspoons salad. Makes approximately 3 cups salad or fills 60 puff shells..

PUFF SHELLS Sift flour and measure. Add salt and sift again. Combine but­ ter and boiling water in saucepan; melt over low heat. Add flo u r t cup floW' t cup boiling water all at one tim e and stir vigorously until mixture forms a ball and Dash salt 2 eggs leaves the sid e s of the pan. Remove from heat. Add un be ate n t cup butter or margarine eggs, one at a time, be a tin g thoroughly after each addition; con- tinue beating until a stiff dough is for m e db Drop by teaspoonfuls on well-greased cooky sheets, 15t x 12 inches. Bake in a very hot oven, 450 F., for 10 minutes; reduce heat to 3500 F ., and continue baking about 10 minutes longer. Makes approximately 60 puff shells. I SMOKED SALMON CANAPES "Drainfish and grind twice. Cream th e cheese and mayon- 1 can (7 ounces) smoked salmon t teaspoon salt naise. Blend in fish, celery, and seasonings. Remove crus ts 1 package (3 ounces) cream 1. teaspoon pre pared cheese 4 mustard from bread. Cut each slice into 3 strips and toast. S pre ad 2 tablespoons mayonnaise Or 16 shc .. bread salmon on to as t s t rip s. Garnish with parsley. M a k e s 48 dressing Chopped panley cana pe s. t cup chopped celery