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Fall 2009 Gems & Gemology G EMS & G VOLUME XLV FALL 2009 EMOLOGY “Green Amber” Modeling the Tavernier Blue F ALL “Fluorescence Cage” to 2009 Identify HPHT Treatment Ammolite Update P AGES 157–234 V OLUME 45 N O. 3 THE QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE GEMOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF AMERICA OUR EDUCATION. YOUR WORLD OF OPPORTUNITY. Because Public Education Happens at the Counter. SEOUL 8:00 PM GIA launches Retailer Support Kit and website LONDON GIA alumni network at cultured pearl seminar. NOON GIA-trained jeweler advises client on 5 carat solitaire. NEW YORK 7:00 AM Diamonds Graduate negotiates purchase of rough parcel. TOKYO 8:00 PM CARLSBAD Student completes gem ID project. 4:00 AM MUMBAI 4:30 PM Core gem curriculum updated Sales associate explains 4Cs to customer. to reflect new research. HONG KONG 7:00 PM Manufacturing exec expands business skills online. BANGKOK 6:00 PM Graduate Gemologist spots treated emeralds in bulk order. A $97.00 value, shipping and handling extra. GIA’s Retailer Support Kit has been developed to help Almost anywhere you go, someone is using education acquired from GIA. Our international campuses, traveling classes, sales associates educate the public about diamonds, corporate seminars and online courses help individuals define and refine vital skills. the 4Cs, and thoroughly explain a GIA grading report. And GIA supports that learning with credentials valued throughout the gem and jewelry world. Take full advantage of all that GIA has to offer by visiting WWW.GIA.EDU www.retailer.gia.edu To order your FREE kit, log on to www.retailer.gia.edu CARLSBAD NEW YORK LONDON ANTWERP FLORENCE GABORONE JOHANNESBURG MOSCOW MUMBAI BANGKOK HONG KONG BEIJING TAIPEI SEOUL OSAKA TOKYO RTGG09 GMSGG www.gia.edu/gandg ® EDITORIAL Editor-in-Chief Editor Editors, Lab Notes STAFF Alice S. Keller Brendan M. Laurs Thomas M. Moses [email protected] GIA, The Robert Mouawad Campus Shane F. McClure 5345 Armada Drive Managing Editor Carlsbad, CA 92008 Editor, Gem News International Thomas W. Overton (760) 603-4503 Brendan M. Laurs [email protected] [email protected] Technical Editor Editors, Book Reviews Associate Editor Emily V. Dubinsky Susan B. Johnson Stuart D. Overlin [email protected] Jana E. Miyahira-Smith [email protected] Thomas W. Overton Consulting Editor Circulation Coordinator Carol M. Stockton Martha Rivera Editors, Gemological Abstracts Contributing Editor (760) 603-4000, ext. 7142 Brendan M. Laurs James E. Shigley [email protected] Thomas W. Overton PRODUCTION Art Director G&G Online: STAFF Karen Myers gia.metapress.com EDITORIAL Shigeru Akamatsu Emmanuel Fritsch Robert E. Kane Kenneth Scarratt Tokyo, Japan Nantes, France Helena, Montana Bangkok, Thailand REVIEW BOARD Edward W. Boehm Jaroslav Hyr`´sl Lore Kiefert James E. Shigley Solana Beach, Prague, Czech Republic Lucerne, Switzerland Carlsbad, California A. J. A. (Bram) Janse Michael Krzemnicki California James E. Butler Perth, Australia Basel, Switzerland Christopher P. Smith Washington, DC Alan Jobbins Thomas M. Moses New York, New York Alan T. Collins Caterham, UK New York, New York Wuyi Wang London, UK Mary L. Johnson Mark Newton New York, New York San Diego, California Coventry, UK John Emmett Christopher M. Brush Prairie, Anthony R. Kampf George Rossman Welbourn Washington Los Angeles, California Pasadena, California Reading, UK SUBSCRIPTIONS Copies of the current issue may be purchased for $19.00 in the U.S., $22.00 elsewhere. Online subscriptions, and print subscrip- tions sent to addresses in the U.S., are $74.95 for one year (4 issues), $194.95 for three years (12 issues). Print subscriptions sent elsewhere are $85.00 for one year, $225.00 for three years. Combination print/online subscriptions are $99.95 in the U.S. and $110.00 elsewhere for one year, and $269.95 in the U.S. and $300.00 elsewhere for three years. Canadian subscribers should add GST. Discounts are available for group subscriptions, renewals, GIA alumni, and current GIA students. To purchase subscriptions and single print issues, visit www.gia.edu/gandg or contact the Circulation Coordinator. Electronic (PDF) versions of all articles and sections from Spring 1981 forward can be purchased at gia.metapress.com for $10 each. Full issue access can be purchased for $20. To obtain a Japanese translation of Gems & Gemology, contact GIA Japan at [email protected]. Our Canadian goods and service registration number is 126142892RT. Gems & Gemology’s impact factor is 1.172 (ranking 12th out of the 26 journals in the Mineralogy category), according to the DATABASE Thomson Reuters 2008 Journal Citation Reports (issued July 2009). Gems & Gemology is abstracted in Thomson Reuters COVERAGE products (Current Contents: Physical, Chemical & Earth Sciences and Science Citation Index—Expanded, including the Web of Knowledge) and other databases. For a complete list, see www.gia.edu/gandg. Gems & Gemology welcomes the submission of articles on all aspects of the field. Please see the Guidelines for Authors on MANUSCRIPT our Website, or contact the Managing Editor. Letters on articles published in Gems & Gemology are also welcome. SUBMISSIONS Abstracting is permitted with credit to the source. Libraries are permitted to photocopy beyond the limits of U.S. copyright law for private use of patrons. Instructors are permitted to photocopy isolated articles for noncommercial classroom use without fee. Copying of the photographs by any means other than traditional photocopying techniques (Xerox, etc.) is prohibited with- COPYRIGHT out the express permission of the photographer (where listed) or author of the article in which the photo appears (where no pho- AND REPRINT tographer is listed). For other copying, reprint, or republication permission, please contact the Managing Editor. Gems & Gemology is published quarterly by the Gemological Institute of America, a nonprofit educational organiza- PERMISSIONS tion for the gem and jewelry industry, The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Postmaster: Return undeliverable copies of Gems & Gemology to GIA, The Robert Mouawad Campus, 5345 Armada Drive, Carlsbad, CA 92008. Any opinions expressed in signed articles are understood to be the opinions of the authors and not of the publisher. ABOUT A bright yellowish green to green material called “green amber” has recently appeared in the market. It is pro- THE COVER duced by treating natural amber or copal with heat and pressure. In the lead article in this issue, Dr. Ahmadjan Abduriyim and coauthors report the results of infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy to character- ize this new gem material. The emerald cut shown here weighs 8.7 ct and the necklace contains 62.5 total carats of “green amber.” Courtesy of Treasure Green Amber Ltd.; photo by Robert Weldon. Color separations for Gems & Gemology are by Pacific Plus, Carlsbad, California. Printing is by Allen Press, Lawrence, Kansas. © 2009 Gemological Institute of America All rights reserved. ISSN 0016-626X Fall 2009 Volume 45, No. 3 ® EDITORIAL _________________ 157 New Technologies Face Off with New Realities Brendan M. Laurs FEATURE ARTICLES __________________ 158 Characterization of “Green Amber” with Infrared and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Carat Points Ahmadjan Abduriyim, Hideaki Kimura, Yukihiro Yokoyama, Hiroyuki Nakazono, Masao Wakatsuki, Tadashi Shimizu, Masataka Tansho, and Shinobu Ohki A before-and-after study of amber and copal treated to “green amber.” 178 A Crystallographic Analysis of the Tavernier Blue Diamond Scott D. Sucher Presents an updated computer model of the Tavernier Blue. NOTES & NEW TECHNIQUES ______________ 186 “Fluorescence Cage”: Visual Identification of HPHT-Treated Type I Diamonds Inga A. Dobrinets and Alexander M. Zaitsev pg. 159 Offers a new means of rapidly detecting HPHT-treated type I diamonds. 192 Update on Ammolite Production from Southern Alberta, Canada Keith A. Mychaluk Reviews recent production of this fossil gem material. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS _______________ 197 Polymer-Filled Aquamarine Li Jianjun, Sun Yuan, Hao Wangjiao, Luo Han, Cheng Youfa, Liu Huafeng, Liu Ying, Ye Hong, and Fan Chengxing 200 Gem-Quality Yellow-Green Haüyne from Oldoinyo Lengai Volcano, Northern Tanzania Anatoly N. Zaitsev, Olga A. Zaitseva, Alexander K. Buyko, Jörg Keller, Jurgis Klaudius, and Andrei A. Zolotarev pg. 188 204 Aquamarine from the Masino-Bregaglia Massif, Central Alps, Italy Rosangela Bocchio, Ilaria Adamo, and Franca Caucia REGULAR FEATURES _________________________ 208 Lab Notes Treated red diamond • Diamond with hydrogen cloud and etch channels • Large type Ib yellow diamond • Patterned green radiation stains • Pumpellyite in quartz • Identifying negative crystals in ruby • Columbite in topaz 214 Gem News International Diamond treated by two methods • Inclusions in aquamarine • Gray beryl • Chalcedony from Oregon • Demantoid from Madagascar • Enstatite from Pakistan • Opal from Argentina • “Seashell” mabe pearls from Vietnam • Pinnidae family pearls • Cat’s-eye phenakite • Color-change garnet from Kenya • New rubies from Mozambique • Yogo sapphire update • Topaz with unstable brown color • Pink and “lilac” tourmaline from Nigeria • Triphylite from Brazil • Rough diamond imitation • Update from Myanmar • Conference report 233 2009 Challenge Winners Book Reviews S1 pg. 218 S3 Abstracts New Technologies Face Off with New Realities t’s no secret that gem treatments are copal so that it resembles amber (with I becoming far more sophisticated a distinctive yellowish green color in and challenging to identify. Look no some
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