Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 Fax: +1 312-930-0951 www.zonta.org

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 Fax: +1 312-930-0951 Zonta Clubswww.zonta.org Members of Zonta International

Governing Documents 2010

Zonta International • Bylaws • Rules of Procedure

Zonta International Foundation • Bylaws

Resolutions

Biennial Goals

A Course for the Future— 2010 and Beyond

Zonta Clubs Members of Zonta International Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 Fax: +1 312-930-0951 www.zonta.org

Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA TZontaelephone: International +1 312-930-5848 is a global organization of executives and professionals working together Ftoax: advance +1 312-930-0951 the status of women worldwide Zonta Clubswwwthrough.zonta.org service and advocacy. Members of Zonta International Official Versions (Translated versions of any of the documents in this booklet are considered unofficial.)

Table of Contents Foreword ……………………...... ………………… 1 Zonta International Articles of Incorporation ...... 2 Zonta International Bylaws …………….………… 4 Zonta International Rules of Procedure ………... 38 Zonta International Index …….....……………….. 40 Zonta International Dues and Fees …………….. 50 Zonta International Glossary …………...... ……. 51 Zonta International Foundation Articles of Incorporation …………...... ………… 56 Zonta International Foundation Bylaws ……...… 58 Zonta International Foundation Index ………...... 65 Convention 2010 Resolutions …...... ……. 67 2010-2012 Biennial Goals ……………...... …. 69 A Course for the Future ...... 112 District Maps ...... 121

Zonta Clubs Members of Zonta International Zonta International Foreword Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide The Confederation of Zonta Clubs was organized at Buffalo, New York, USA on 8 November 1919, the nine charter clubs being Bing- 557 West Randolph Street hamton, Buffalo, Elmira, Ithaca, Rochester, Syracuse and Utica, Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA New York, USA; Detroit, Michigan, USA; and Erie, Pennsylvania, USA. Articles of Incorporation were filed in New York State on 9 Feb- Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 ruary 1922, an earlier set having been destroyed by fire before filing. Fax: +1 312-930-0951 The first directors of the new organization were Frances E. Brixius, www.zonta.org Binghamton; Marian de Forest, Buffalo; Mary J. Mulheron, Detroit; Helen E. Mallory, Elmira; Helen M. Schluraff, Erie; Esther E. Parker, Ithaca; Grace C. Moody, Lockport (New York, USA); Laura M. Law- rence (Truesdell), Rochester; Mary E. Jenkins, Syracuse; Harriet A. Ackroyd, Utica; and Mary W. Baldwin, Watertown (New York, USA).

Permanent headquarters were established in Chicago, Illinois, USA in January 1928, and Zonta International was incorporated in that state on 4 September 1930. The present Articles of Incorporation, representing amendments to the original Articles filed in Illinois, were adopted by the St. Louis, Missouri, USA Convention in 1932. The Articles of Incorporation were further amended at the Riverside, California, USA Convention in 1935; the Cincinnati, Ohio, USA Con- vention in 1954; the Dallas, Texas, USA Convention in 1990, the De- troit, Michigan, USA Convention in 1994, the Melbourne, Australia Convention in 2006 and subsequently filed. The last amendment was at the San Antonio, Texas, USA Convention in 2010.

FOREWARD 1

Zonta Clubs Members of Zonta International Articles of Incorporation under the General Not for Profit Corporation Act State of Illinois

We, the undersigned, Flora Taylor Young, Olive H. Rabe, and Kath- erine Maddux, citizens of the United States, propose to form a corporation under an Act of the General Assembly of the State of Illi- nois, entitled, “An Act Concerning Corporations,” approved April 18, 1872, and all acts amendatory thereof; and for the purpose of such organization we hereby state as follows, to wit:

1. The name of such corporation is Zonta International.

2. The objects for which it is formed are: (a) To improve the legal, political, economic, educational, health, and professional status of women at the global and local level through service and advocacy; (b) To work for the advancement of understanding, goodwill, and peace through a world fellowship of executives in business and the professions; (c) To promote justice and universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms; (d) To be united internationally to foster high ethical standards, to implement service programs, and to provide mutual support and fellowship for members who serve their communities, their nations, and the world.

3. The management of the aforesaid Zonta International shall be vested in a board of not less than ten Directors.

4. The following persons are hereby selected as the Directors to control and manage said corporation for the first year of its corporate existence, viz;

Miss Helen Cleveland, 75 Oriole Garden, Toronto, Canada

Mrs. Olivia Johnson, 1429 Grand Avenue, St. Paul, Minnesota

Miss Carolyn Davis, Jordan Home, Everett, Washington

Mrs. Katherine Maddux, 5230 Dorchester Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

Mrs. Grace M. Bean, 2344 Monroe Avenue, Toledo, Ohio

Miss Jessie Oatman, 730 Buffalo Avenue, Niagara Falls, New York

Miss Dora Neun, 941 South Avenue, Rochester, New York

2 ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION Miss Dorothy Shank, 2034 Carnell Road, No. 46, Cleveland, Ohio

Miss Marr Davenport, 1007 E. Bridgeport, Spokane, Washington

Mrs. Maxine Robertson, 5657 Sunset Boulevard, Los Angeles, California

Miss Harriet C. Richards, 5620 Kenwood Avenue, Chicago, Illinois

5. The location and post office address of Zonta International shall be in the Village of Oak Brook, in the County of DuPage, in the State of Illinois.

6. In the event of dissolution or financial liquidation of Zonta Inter- national, all of its assets remaining after payments of its obligations shall have been made or provided for, shall be distributed to or among such corporations organized and operated exclusively for the improvement of the legal, political, economic, educational, health, and professional status of women, as shall at the time qualify as exempt organizations under Section 501(c) of the United States Internal Revenue Code of 1986 as amended (or corresponding provisions of any future United States Internal Revenue Law), as the International Board shall determine.

Signed: Flora Taylor Young, Olive H. Rabe, Katherine Maddux

(Articles of Incorporation as amended at Zonta International conventions through June 2010)

ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 3 Bylaws of Zonta International

Article I Name The name of this organization shall be Zonta International. Article II Objects The Objects of Zonta International shall be:

(a) To improve the legal, political, economic, educational, health, and professional status of women at the global and local level through service and advocacy.

(b) To work for the advancement of understanding, goodwill, and peace through a world fellowship of executives in business and the professions.

(d) To be united internationally to foster high ethical standards, to implement service programs, and to provide mutual support and fellowship for members who serve their communities, their nations, and the world. Article III Policy

SECTION 1. Nonpartisan and Nonsectarian. Zonta International, its districts, and its clubs shall be nonpartisan and nonsectarian.

SECTION 2. Principles and Public Issues. Zonta International, its districts, and its clubs may express themselves about, and become involved in principles and public issues having a bearing on the Objects of Zonta International, following the guidelines established by the Zonta International Board of Directors. Article IV Members

SECTION 1. Categories. The membership of Zonta International shall consist of Zonta clubs in good standing and of the following individual members: International Honorary Members, Past Interna- tional Presidents.

4 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL SECTION 2. Zonta Clubs. A club shall be accepted as a member of Zonta International and issued a charter if it has paid dues and fees, and provided it has elected officers, is represented by the number of classifications specified in Section 2.(b), has the minimum charter membership, and has met any other requirements established by the Zonta International Board of Directors.

(a) Bylaws. Upon being chartered, each Zonta club shall adopt club bylaws in accordance with the Zonta International bylaws. The initial adoption of the club bylaws shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the club members present and voting at any regular or special meeting called for that purpose, provided that notice of the proposed bylaws shall have been given to each member at least ten (10) days before the meeting. Each Zonta club shall be bound by the bylaws of Zonta International except that, if any provision of the bylaws is contrary to the laws of the country, state, or province in which a club is organized, that club shall notify the Zonta International Board in writing of the need to conform to such laws.

(b) Diversity of Classifications.

(1) Each club shall have members actively engaged in a variety of classifications. The minimum number of classifications shall equal one-fourth (1/4) the total number of members in the club. No club shall be required to have members actively engaged in more than twenty-five (25) classifications.

(2) A club which fails to maintain the required diversity of classifications shall have ten (10) months to increase the number of classifications to the required amount. This period may be extended by the governor.

(1) Pay club dues or other financial obligations to Zonta International.

(2) Meet quarterly, and function as a Zonta unit.

(3) Maintain the required diversity of classifications specified in Section 2.(b).

In the event of termination, all legal debts and service obligations shall be paid by the club. Remaining assets must be disbursed to the Zonta International Foundation, except for operating funds which shall revert to the district for organization and membership.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 5 (d) Disbandment. A club that intends to disband must first notify the area director. If the club, after taking all necessary steps together with the area director to avoid disbandment, decides to do so, it shall inform the governor, who shall inform the international president and the executive director immediately. The disband- ing club shall pay all its legal debts and service obligations and its remaining assets shall be disbursed as provided in Section 2.(c) above.

SECTION 3. International Honorary Members. In recognition of international achievements that advance the status of women, election to International Honorary Membership shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the Zonta International Board. Membership shall carry with it none of the rights and obligations of membership. The holder shall be entitled to attend and speak at Zonta International conventions, district conferences and club meetings.

SECTION 4. Past International Presidents. In recognition of service to Zonta International, the title of Past International President shall be conferred upon each outgoing president of Zonta Interna- tional. The title shall carry with it the rights but none of the obligations of membership. The holder shall be entitled to attend and speak at Zonta International conventions, district conferences and club meetings, and in addition at convention shall be entitled to make motions and to vote. This shall in no way affect the eligibility of a Past International President for membership in a Zonta club. Article V Dues and Fees

SECTION 1. Fiscal Year. The fiscal year of Zonta International shall be from 1 June through 31 May, inclusive.

SECTION 2. Zonta International Dues and Fees (U.S. dollars). Dues and fees shall be determined by two-thirds (2/3) vote of the voting members at convention.

SECTION 3. Per Capita Dues. On 1 June of each year each club shall pay to Zonta International per capita dues in U.S. dollars as established at convention based upon club membership as of 1 June. The report of membership as of 1 June shall accompany the annual remittance of dues. For members admitted from 1 June through 30 November, clubs shall pay full year per capita dues to Zonta Inter- national; for members admitted from 1 December through 31 May, clubs shall pay one-half (1/2) the per capita dues to Zonta Interna- tional.

SECTION 4. New Member/Charter Member/Reinstated Member Fee. Each club shall pay to Zonta International a fee in U.S. dollars for each new member, charter member or reinstated member.

6 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL SECTION 5. Z Club and Golden Z Club Charter and Renewal Fee. The sponsoring Zonta club shall pay a charter fee for a Z Club or Golden Z Club in U.S. dollars and shall pay an annual renewal fee in U.S. dollars to register all of its existing Z Clubs or Golden Z Clubs of which it has been the sponsor. The renewal fee shall be used toward the administration of the Z Club program of Zonta International.

SECTION 6. Extension or Adjustment of Payment. The Zonta International Board shall have the power to adjust the payment of per capita dues and fees and grant extensions of time for payment.

SECTION 7. Nonpayment of Dues and Fees. Unless payment is temporarily waived by the Zonta International Board, headquarters shall notify the appropriate governor, president and treasurer of all clubs in arrears for dues and fees that unless their financial obligations are met within forty-five (45) days after due date, the club shall forfeit its membership. After another forty-five (45) days, headquarters shall notify the appropriate governor, president and treasurer of each club still in arrears that the club has forfeited its membership through nonpayment of dues and fees. By a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the Zonta International Board, such a club may be reinstated to membership upon payment of the amounts owed at the time its membership ceased, together with the dues and fees of the current year.

SECTION 8. Emergency Assessment. In case of emergency, the Zonta International Board or the convention may request a per capita per year assessment in U.S. dollars, which must not exceed 10% of current dues.

(a) Assessment Approval. An assessment may be approved by:

(1) Vote at convention.

(2) Mail ballot provided that a majority of the clubs return the mail ballot within sixty (60) days of the mailing date. Each club shall be entitled to one (1) vote. If, as of the last payment of annual dues, the membership of any club exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second vote. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third vote.

(3) In either case, a majority vote of the voting members and proxies of the convention or of the mail ballots returned, shall be required to approve the assessment.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 7 Article VI Officers and Directors

SECTION 1. Officers. The officers of Zonta International shall be a president, a president-elect, a vice president and a treasurer/ secretary.

(a) Qualifications. Each Zonta International officer shall be a classified member of a club of Zonta International, and shall have served as a Zonta International director or at least one year as a governor, lieutenant governor, district treasurer or area director. An officer shall hold no other elective office at any level of Zonta International.

(b) Election, Term of Office. Elected by ballot vote at convention, Zonta International officers shall take office at the close of the convention. The term of office shall be two (2) years or until a successor takes office. No member who has served previously as an officer is eligible to serve in the same office again except the treasurer/secretary who is eligible to serve two (2) consecutive terms in that office. An officer who has served more than half a term shall be deemed to have served a term in that office.

(1) In case of a vacancy in the office of president, the vice president shall automatically become president for the unex- pired term.

(2) In case of vacancy in the office of president-elect, the office shall remain vacant and the office of president shall be filled by election at the next convention.

(3) A vacancy in the office of vice president or treasurer/secretary shall be filled by the Zonta International Board.

(d) Duties.

(1) President. The president shall be the chief executive officer and shall exercise a general supervision over the interests and welfare of Zonta International, its districts and its clubs. The president shall:

a. Preside at meetings of Zonta International, the Zonta International Board and the Executive Committee.

b. Appoint committees authorized by the bylaws or the Zonta International Board.

8 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL c. Be a member of the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee and the Zonta International Fi- nance Committee and be an ex-officio member of all other committees except the International Nominating Commit- tee. When the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee investigates a complaint against a member of the Zonta International Board, the president shall not participate.

(2) Vice President. In the absence or inability of the president to perform official duties, the vice president shall perform the duties of president.

(3) President-Elect. The president-elect shall serve for a term of two (2) years and at the close of the convention held two (2) years after the election, shall automatically become president. The president-elect shall perform such duties as assigned by the president, and shall have authority to make plans for the next biennium, including appointing and meeting with appropriate incoming standing committee chairmen to develop the Zonta International program goals to be presented to the convention for approval, and selecting a professional parliamentarian to serve during the next biennium. The president- elect shall be a member of the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee and the Zonta International Finance Committee and be ex-officio a member of all other committees except the Zonta International Nominating Committee.

When the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Commit- tee investigates a complaint against a member of the Zonta International Board, the president-elect shall not participate.

(4) Treasurer/Secretary. The treasurer/secretary shall be the chief financial officer of Zonta International and be a member of the Zonta International Finance Committee. The treasurer/ secretary shall have the authority to certify resolutions and other documents of the organization, and shall report and perform other duties as required by these bylaws and the Zonta International Board.

SECTION 2. Directors. There shall be seven (7) international directors.

(a) Qualifications. Each Zonta International director shall be a classified member of a Zonta club, and shall have served at least one year as a governor, lieutenant governor, district treasurer or area director. A director shall hold no other elective office at any level of Zonta International.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 9 (b) Election, Term of Office.

Effective from the convention in 2012 and thereafter:

(1) At convention, seven (7) directors of Zonta International shall be elected at large with all convention voting members and proxies eligible to vote by ballot for no more than seven (7) directors.

(2) Each director shall take office at the close of the convention. The term of office shall be two (2) years or until a successor takes office. No member who has served a term previously as a director is eligible to serve in the same office again. A director who has served more than half a term shall be deemed to have served a term in that office.

Effective at the convention in 2010 for the 2010-2012 biennium only:

(1) At convention, four (4) directors of Zonta International shall be elected at large with all convention voting members and proxies eligible to vote by ballot for no more than four (4) directors. Four (4) directors shall be elected for a term to commence at the close of the convention.

(2) The term of office shall be two (2) years or until a successor takes office. No member who has served a term previously as a director is eligible to serve in the same office again. A director who has served more than half a term shall be deemed to have served a term in that office.

(c) Vacancies. A vacancy in the office of Zonta International director shall be filled from the nominees not elected for the term in question at the immediately preceding convention in descending order of votes received.

(d) Duties. Zonta International directors may be assigned specific programs and/or responsibilities and such other duties as designated by the Zonta International president or the Zonta In- ternational Board. Article VII Zonta International Board

SECTION 1. How Constituted. Officers and seven (7) directors shall constitute the Board of Zonta International. Officers of Zonta International shall be officers of the Board.

SECTION 2. Duties and Powers. The Zonta International Board shall:

10 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (a) Exercise a general supervision over the interests and welfare of Zonta International, its districts and its clubs.

(b) Direct the affairs of Zonta International and control the funds in accordance with the policies established by convention, and as provided in the bylaws and rules of procedure. None of the acts of the Zonta International Board shall conflict with or modify action taken by the convention.

(c) Employ an executive director to manage the affairs of Zonta International within the parameters established by the Zonta In- ternational Board.

(d) Be responsible for the strategic and long-range planning of the organization.

(e) Approve the biennial budget and the audit. Ensure that a copy of the approved budget is mailed to district board members and club presidents.

(f) Ensure that the operation manuals reflect the policies and procedures adopted by the Zonta International Board and the convention assembly.

(g) Ensure that the treasurer/secretary, executive director and other persons entrusted with the handling of funds and property of Zonta International are sufficiently bonded.

(h) Perform such other duties as designated in these bylaws and rules of procedure. The Zonta International Manual shall serve as a guideline for international operation.

SECTION 3. Authority. Contracts and/or agreements on behalf of Zonta International shall be made only by those authorized by the Zonta International Board to act on behalf of Zonta International.

SECTION 4. Emergency Powers. In the event that extreme emergency prevents the holding of a convention, the Zonta International Board shall have the power to transact such business of Zonta Inter- national as may be necessary, and to submit to each club for a vote by mail any questions that may require action by the clubs.

SECTION 5. Meetings. The Zonta International Board shall hold no fewer than five (5) and no more than seven (7) regular meetings during the biennium, the first of which shall be held immediately following the convention, the final meeting immediately prior to the convention. Special meetings may be held at the call of the president, or upon request of five (5) members of the Board.

SECTION 6. Quorum. A majority of the members of the Zonta Inter- national Board shall constitute a quorum.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 11 SECTION 7. Vote. A majority vote of the entire Zonta International Board shall be required for action.

SECTION 8. Mail/Telecommunication Voting. The Zonta Interna- tional Board may transact business by mail, or through the use of a conference telephone or other communication equipment. Action by mail requires a unanimous vote of the entire Board.

SECTION 9. Removal. Zonta International officers and directors may be removed for cause by the Zonta International Board. Cause shall include but not be limited to failure, without excuse, to attend meetings, failure to perform the duties of the position, or acting in such a way as to injure the good name of Zonta or hamper its work. A complaint in writing against an officer or director for such behavior may be made to the Zonta International Board, which shall refer the complaint to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Com- mittee for investigation.

The complaint shall include specific charges and available evidence. The Committee shall give the board member concerned an opportunity to respond in writing and may hold a hearing with the member concerned, the complainant and witnesses if any.

Thereafter, the Committee shall make a recommendation to the Zonta International Board for a final decision on removal. The member concerned shall be entitled to be present for consideration of the action to be taken but shall not be entitled to participate in the deliberation or to vote. Removal shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire Zonta International Board, excluding the member concerned. Article VIII Executive Committee

SECTION 1. How Constituted. The officers of Zonta International shall constitute the Executive Committee.

SECTION 2. Duties and Powers. The Executive Committee shall act for the Zonta International Board between meetings of the Board, except that its acts may not conflict with or modify action taken by the Board including the budget. At the next meeting of the Zonta International Board, a report shall be made of the Executive Committee’s actions.

SECTION 3. Meetings. Special meetings may be called by the president or upon request of two (2) members of the Executive Committee.

SECTION 4. Quorum. A majority of the members of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum.

12 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL SECTION 5. Vote. A majority vote of the entire Executive Committee shall be required for action. Article IX Executive Director The executive director shall be employed by the Zonta International Board to manage the headquarters office, to assist the Zonta International president and the Board in conducting the business of Zonta International, and to perform such other duties as are prescribed by these bylaws and rules of procedure or as may be required by the Zonta International Board. The executive director shall abide by the guidelines and the budgets established by the Zonta International Board. Article X Convention

SECTION 1. Purpose. Zonta International shall hold a biennial convention to present an informative, motivational, and educational program; determine the policies of Zonta International; elect the Zonta International officers and directors and members of the Nomi- nating Committee; receive reports; vote on proposed amendments to the bylaws; vote on dues and fees; vote on resolutions and goals that establish the international service projects and programs; and for any other business that may properly come before the convention assembly.

SECTION 2. Time, Place and Program. The Zonta International Board determines time, place and program of the convention. The host district(s), under the direction of the Zonta International Board, carries out the arrangements.

SECTION 3. Call. The official Call to Convention shall be published in The Zontian magazine ninety (90) days before the convention.

SECTION 4. Convention Voting Members. Voting members to convention shall be members of the Zonta International Board, Past International Presidents, governors, and delegates from each club in good standing.

(a) Clubs. Each club of Zonta International shall be entitled to one (1) delegate and alternate. If the membership of any club, based upon the dues payment through 1 March, exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second delegate and alternate. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third delegate and alternate. A delegate may carry the total votes to which the club is entitled. A member of the Zonta International Board shall not be a club delegate or alternate.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 13 (b) Proxies. Any club unable to send a delegate to convention may be represented by proxy. A club electing to be represented by proxy shall be entitled to its total votes by proxy. A club may carry the total proxy votes from each of two (2) other clubs except that the total votes carried by one (1) club may not exceed five (5).

SECTION 5. Quorum. A majority of the voting members and proxies registered at convention shall constitute a quorum.

SECTION 6. Election.

(a) Election of Zonta International officers, directors, and members of the Zonta International Nominating Committee shall take place no later than the day before the last day of convention. Election shall be by ballot vote.

(b) A majority vote shall be necessary for election of officers. In the event that no candidate receives a majority of the votes cast, the balloting for the office shall continue. Only the two (2) candidates receiving the largest number of votes shall remain on the second ballot.

(c) The Zonta International directors and the members of the Zonta International Nominating Committee shall be elected by plurality vote. Article XI Zonta International Nominating Committee

SECTION 1. How Constituted. A Nominating Committee of nine (9) members shall be elected by plurality vote as follows:

• One (1) member from the clubs in North, Central and South America; • One (1) member from the clubs in Europe; • One (1) member from the clubs in Africa; • One (1) member from the clubs in Australia and New Zealand; • One (1) member from the clubs in Asia; and • Four (4) members at large.

Voting members shall be entitled to vote for all nine (9) members of the Committee.

The chairman and the vice chairman of the Committee shall be chosen by majority vote of the members of the Zonta International Nominating Committee.

14 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL SECTION 2. Qualifications. A member of the Zonta International Nominating Committee shall be a Past International President or a classified member of a club of Zonta International and shall have served on the Zonta International Board, or as a governor or as a Zonta International committee chairman. No member of the committee shall be eligible for nomination at any level of Zonta International while serving on the Committee.

SECTION 3. Term. The term for members of the Zonta International Nominating Committee shall be two (2) years, beginning at the close of the convention at which they were elected and ending at the close of the convention at which their successors are elected.

SECTION 4. Vacancies. Should an elected member of the Zonta International Nominating Committee be unable to attend the committee meeting at which candidates are to be selected, that committee position shall be considered vacant. Vacancies on the Zonta International Nominating Committee shall be filled by the nominees not elected from that territory or at large in descending order of votes received.

SECTION 5. Duties. The duties of the Zonta International Nominat- ing Committee shall be to:

(a) Recruit qualified Zontians for Zonta International officers, directors and for the Zonta International Nominating Committee.

(b) Nominate

(1) For each Zonta International officer position to be filled, two (2) or more candidates.

(2) For Zonta International director positions, at least fourteen (14) candidates for election of seven (7) directors.

(3) For the Zonta International Nominating Committee, at least: • Two (2) candidates from the clubs in North, Central and South America; • Two (2) candidates from the clubs in Europe; • Two (2) candidates from the clubs in Africa; • Two (2) candidates from the clubs in Australia and New Zealand; • Two (2) candidates from the clubs in Asia; and • Eight (8) candidates at large.

(d) Report at the convention. Additional nominations may be made from the floor, provided the nominee is qualified and has consented to serve if elected.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 15 SECTION 6. Removal. Members of the Zonta International Nomi- nating Committee may be removed by the Zonta International Board for failure to perform the duties of the position, or acting in such a way as to injure the good name of Zonta or hamper its work. The procedure shall be as specified in Article VII, Section 9. Article XII Committees

SECTION 1. Committees. There shall be standing committees as provided by these bylaws and special committees as authorized by the convention or the Zonta International Board. The Board shall coordinate the program and technical committee activities.

SECTION 2. Committee Chairmen and Members. Chairmen and members of Zonta International standing committees shall be appointed for the next biennium by the president-elect with the approval of the Zonta International Board. Each committee shall have at least three (3) members.

SECTION 3. Bylaws and Resolutions Committee.

(a) It shall consider all amendments proposed in accordance with these bylaws and submit its report to the Zonta International Board and convention.

(b) It shall review, combine as required, and make recommendations on all resolutions submitted in accordance with these bylaws.

(d) It shall investigate disciplinary matters of removal, suspension or expulsion and make recommendations to the Zonta Interna- tional Board.

SECTION 4. Convention Committee. It shall function in accordance with the fiscal and operation manual guidelines approved by the Zonta International Board.

SECTION 5. Finance Committee. The Committee shall include, but not be limited to, the Zonta International president, the Zonta International president-elect, the Zonta International treasurer/secretary, the Zonta International Finance Committee chairman and the designated Zonta International Finance Committee chairman for the following biennium. It shall:

(a) Review the monthly financial reports of Zonta International.

16 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (b) Provide for the annual audit of the books of Zonta Interna- tional by certified or chartered public accountants, and shall have sent to district board members and club presidents a copy of the annual audit approved by the Zonta International Board. For purposes of the audit, the books shall be closed on 31 May.

(c) Prepare and submit to the Zonta International Board for the next biennium a proposed budget including recommendation on per capita dues. This information shall be sent to the clubs and districts at least ninety (90) days prior to convention.

(d) Report at convention on the financial position of Zonta Interna- tional. Such report shall include, but not be limited to, an unaudited Statement of Financial Position as of the end of the month not more than two months prior to convention and a Statement of Activities and Changes in Net Assets to reflect the audited first year of the biennium and the unaudited second year of the biennium as of the end of the month mentioned.

SECTION 6. Organization, Membership and Classification Com- mittee. It may consist of, but not be limited to, the committee chairman, vice chairman, and the district Organization, Membership and Classification Committee chairmen. This committee shall promote continuing membership growth and encourage and supervise the organization of new clubs. Biennially, the committee shall review classifications and submit recommendations to the Zonta Interna- tional Board.

SECTION 7. Public Relations and Communications Committee. It shall promote the Objects of Zonta International and develop a comprehensive plan to create external and internal awareness of Zonta International.

SECTION 8. Service Committee. It shall promote international service projects sponsored by Zonta International and funded through the Zonta International Foundation, and shall encourage and support local service projects.

SECTION 9. Legislative Awareness and Advocacy Committee. It shall recommend action in accordance with the Objects of Zonta International to improve the status of women and to promote legislative awareness, advocacy and equal rights.

SECTION 10. United Nations Committee. It shall disseminate and receive pertinent information and promote relations between the United Nations, its agencies and Zonta International. The committee shall consist of, but not be limited to, representatives appointed to the various United Nations sites.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 17 SECTION 11. Amelia Earhart Fellowship Award Committee. It shall select and recommend to the Zonta International Board, candidates for annual Zonta International Amelia Earhart Fellowships. Article XIII Districts

SECTION 1. Purpose. A district comprises a number of Zonta clubs within a geographical territory or territories, as determined by the Zonta International Board. The purposes of districts are:

(a) To function as an administrative division of Zonta International in the attainment of the Objects of Zonta International as stated in these bylaws.

(b) To promote the programs of Zonta International within the district.

(d) To serve as a link between the clubs in the district and the Zonta International Board and Committees.

SECTION 2. How Established. The Zonta International Board shall have authority to create districts and to establish their boundaries. A proposed change in the boundaries of a district shall be subject to:

(a) Ninety (90)-day notice to the affected clubs of the proposed change.

(b) Participation in the voting procedure by a majority of district clubs.

(c) Approval by a majority of delegates voting from district clubs. Each club shall be entitled to one (1) vote. If, as of the last payment of annual dues, the membership of any club exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second vote. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third vote.

Districts shall be named in numerical order.

SECTION 3. Members. Each Zonta club within the established boundaries of a district shall be a member of that district.

SECTION 4. Areas. With the approval of the majority of the clubs affected, the district board shall establish areas and outline their boundaries to implement the administrative functions within the district. Areas shall be named in numerical order.

SECTION 5. Dues.

18 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (a) District Dues. The district dues shall be determined by two-thirds (2/3) vote of the voting members at conference. Each district, by majority vote of the voting members of the district conference, shall specify the date on which district dues are payable by its clubs. On the specified date of each year, each club within the district shall pay to the treasurer of the district the annual per capita district dues, based on the annual membership report as of that specified date.

(b) Area Dues. A district conference may authorize areas in the district to collect per capita area dues.

(1) If the district authorizes area dues, the district shall specify in the district’s rules of procedure the date on which area dues are payable, the purposes for which such area dues may be used, and the appropriate accountability procedures.

(2) Area dues shall be determined by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the delegates at an area meeting.

SECTION 6. Officers. The officers of the district shall be agov- ernor, a lieutenant governor, the area directors, a treasurer and a secretary.

(a) Qualifications. Each elected officer shall be a classified member of a club with experience in a decision-making capacity, shall have served at least two (2) years in an elected club office and/or have been a district committee chairman. The governor, lieutenant governor and area directors shall have served at least one (1) year as club president. An elected officer shall hold no other elective position at district level.

(b) Election. Officers, with the exception of the secretary, shall be elected by ballot vote at the district conference immediately preceding the convention. Area directors shall be elected by the delegates from the clubs in that area.

(1) Area Election. At the option of the district, area directors and/or vice area directors may be elected by ballot vote at the area meeting immediately preceding the convention. If area directors and/or vice area directors are elected at area meetings, the voting members of the area meeting shall be the delegates of the clubs in that area. Each club shall be entitled to one (1) delegate and one (1) alternate. If, as of the date specified by the district for the payment of district dues (Article XIII, Section 5), the membership of any club exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second delegate and alternate. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third delegate and alternate. A member of the district board shall not be a club delegate or alternate.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 19 (c) Term of Office. Officers shall take office at the close of the convention. The term of office shall be two (2) years or until a successor takes office. No member who has served previously as an officer is eligible to serve in the same office again except the treasurer who is eligible to serve two (2) consecutive terms in that office. An officer who has served more than half a term is considered to have served a full term in that office.

(d) Appointment, Term of Office. The governor shall appoint the secretary who shall be an officer and a member of the district board without vote. The term of office of the secretary shall co- incide with the term of the governor who made the appointment.

SECTION 7. Duties of Officers.

(a) Governor. The governor shall administer the affairs of the district. The Zonta International president, headquarters office, and the lieutenant governor shall be kept informed about district matters.

The governor shall work with the district board and host club in planning the district conference program, shall issue the Call to Conference at least sixty (60) days before the conference and shall preside at the district meeting.

The governor or the governor’s designee shall attend area meetings. The governor shall supervise the preparation of the district budget and shall authorize expenses in accordance with the approved budget.

The governor shall appoint a Bylaws and Resolutions Com- mittee, an Organization, Membership and Classification Committee, a Service Committee and a Legislative Awareness and Advocacy Committee, each with a chairman and such other members as the governor deems appropriate. The governor may make other appointments as appropriate to implement the programs of Zonta International.

(b) Lieutenant Governor. The lieutenant governor shall perform such duties as assigned by the governor and in the absence or inability of the governor to perform the official duties within the district, the lieutenant governor shall perform such duties of the governor. The lieutenant governor shall be chairman of the District Organization, Membership and Classification Committee and a member of the Zonta International Organization, Member- ship and Classification Committee.

(c) Area Directors. Each area director shall attend district conferences, plan area meetings, visit clubs, and act as liaison between the clubs and the district board.

20 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (d) Treasurer. The treasurer shall be responsible for the funds of the district and shall administer them in accordance with the approved district budget. The treasurer shall make reports to the district board and to the conference. The treasurer shall prepare a biennial district budget, under the supervision of the governor, to be reviewed by the district board and presented at the conference for approval. No later than forty-five (45) days after the term of office ends, the treasurer shall transfer all records to the successor. At all times, the treasurer’s books shall be open to inspection by the district board and by any auditors named by the district board.

(e) Secretary. The secretary shall maintain records of the district. Within sixty (60) days after each conference, the secretary shall send a conference report to district clubs and to Zonta Interna- tional headquarters signed by the governor and the secretary. If proposals to amend the Zonta International Bylaws are adopted by a conference, the secretary shall send such adopted proposals to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee within thirty (30) days after conference.

SECTION 8. Vice Area Director. At the option of the district, a vice area director may be elected to assist the area director in the performance of area duties. An elected vice area director shall meet the same qualifications as the area director. In the absence or inability of the area director to serve, the vice area director shall perform the duties of the area director and shall be entitled to a vote on the district board or at a conference. The district shall determine additional rights and responsibilities of the vice area director.

SECTION 9. Vacancies.

(a) Governor. In case of a vacancy in the office of governor, the lieutenant governor shall become governor.

(b) Lieutenant Governor. In case of vacancy in the office of lieutenant governor, the office may remain vacant until filled by election at the next district conference, or the vacancy may be filled by mail ballot provided the candidate receives a majority vote of clubs in the district, or the vacancy may be filled by appointment of the district board.

(c) Area Director. Vacancy in the office of area director shall be filled from the same area by appointment of the district board. If the area has an elected vice area director, the vacancy shall be filled by the vice area director.

(d) Treasurer. Vacancy in the office of treasurer shall be filled by appointment of the district board.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 21 (e) Secretary. Vacancy in the office of secretary shall be filled by appointment of the governor.

SECTION 10. District Board.

(a) How Constituted. Elected officers of the district and the appointed secretary shall constitute the district board.

(b) Duties. Subject to the general supervision of the Zonta In- ternational Board and its officers and directors, the district board shall have general supervision over clubs and administration of the district. It shall make decisions upon those matters requiring action between meetings of the district conference, provided that none of its acts shall conflict with action taken by the conference. It shall perform such duties as are prescribed by the bylaws. The Zonta District Manual shall serve as a guideline for district operation.

(d) Vote. A majority vote of the elected members of the district board shall be required for action.

(e) Mail/Telecommunication Voting. The district board may transact business by mail, or through the use of a conference telephone or other communication equipment. Action by mail requires a unanimous vote of the entire board.

(f) Mail Ballot. In the event club action is required between district conferences, the district board shall submit to each club for vote by mail any question that may require action by the club. Each club shall be entitled to one (1) vote. If, as of the last payment of annual dues, the membership of any club exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second vote. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third vote. To take action, an affirmative majority of the delegates voting shall be required, provided more than fifty (50) percent of the district clubs respond within forty-five (45) days.

(g) Removal.

(1) Elected district officers may be removed by the district board for cause upon grounds permitted for removal at the international level (Article VII, Section 9). A complaint in writing against an officer for such behavior may be made to the district board, which shall refer the complaint to the district Bylaws and Resolutions Committee for investigation. The procedure shall be as specified in Article VII, Section 9.

22 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL Thereafter, the committee shall make a recommendation to the district board for a decision. The officer concerned may be present for the consideration of action to be taken but shall not be entitled to participate in the deliberation or to vote. Removal shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire elected district board excluding the member concerned. Notice of the elected district board’s decision shall be given with proof of service to the complainant and the officer concerned forthwith.

If dissatisfied with the district board’s decision, the complainant or the officer concerned may appeal to the Zonta Interna- tional Board within 45 days of the date on which the decision is mailed to the parties. Removal shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire Zonta International Board. The decision of the International Board shall be final.

If the district board fails to act, the Zonta International Board has full authority to initiate and impose discipline on its own.

(2) The district secretary may be removed by the governor whenever in the judgment of the governor the best interests of the district shall be served by such removal.

SECTION 11. Meetings.

(a) District Conference. Each district shall hold at least one (1) district conference per biennium on dates approved by the Zonta International president.

(1) Purpose. The district conference shall be for the purpose of promoting the Objects and programs of Zonta Internation- al and to conduct the business of the district.

(2) Authority. The conference shall have power to act upon recommendations and resolutions and to submit these to Zonta International.

(3) Call to Conference. Notice of proposed changes affecting the district or Zonta International shall be sent to the president of each club within the district at least sixty (60) days before the conference. No act of the conference may conflict with these bylaws or with action taken by Zonta International.

(4) Conference Voting Members. The voting members of the district conference shall be elected district officers and the delegates of each club in good standing.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 23 (a) Clubs. Each club shall be entitled to one (1) delegate and one (1) alternate. If, as of the date specified by the district for the payment of district dues (Article XIII, Sec- tion 5), the membership of any club exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second delegate and alternate. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third delegate and alternate. Delegates and alternates shall be elected by the club they represent. A delegate may carry more than one of the total votes to which the club is entitled. A member of the district board shall not be a club delegate or alternate.

(b) Proxies. A club may be represented by one (1) proxy at a district conference. No club may be represented by proxy at more than two (2) consecutive conferences. A club may carry the proxy votes from no more than two other clubs.

(5) Quorum. A majority of voting members registered at conference shall constitute a quorum.

(b) Area Meetings. Each area shall hold at least one (1) meeting or workshop annually, preferably during the months of March, April or May, to promote the Objects and programs of Zonta International. At the option of the district, area meetings are permitted to set area dues and/or elect the area director and/ or vice area director. Each club in that area shall be entitled to one delegate and one alternate. If, as of the date specified by the district for the payment of district dues, the membership of any club exceeds forty (40) members, the club shall be entitled to a second delegate and alternate. If the membership exceeds eighty (80) members, the club shall be entitled to a third delegate and alternate. A member of the district board shall not be a club delegate or alternate.

SECTION 12. Audit. At least at the close of the biennium, the district board shall cause the district financial records to be audited, reviewed or compiled by certified/chartered public accountants or by a qualified individual independent of the district board. For purposes of the audit, review or compilation, the books shall be closed 31 May. The audited, reviewed or compiled financial statement shall be presented at the district conference together with the audit, review or compilation report.

SECTION 13. Nominating Committee.

(a) How Constituted. At the conference at which district officers are elected, a district Nominating Committee of three (3) members shall be elected by plurality vote. The three (3) nominees

24 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL receiving the largest number of votes shall constitute the district Nominating Committee with the nominee receiving the greatest number of votes acting as chairman. No member of the Commit- tee shall be eligible for nomination at any level of Zonta Interna- tional while serving on the Committee.

(b) Term. The term of the members of the district Nominating Committee shall be two (2) years, beginning at the close of the convention.

(c) Vacancies. In case of a vacancy on the district Nominating Committee, or the inability of a member to serve, nominees not elected shall be selected to fill the vacancy in the descending order of the number of votes received for election.

(d) Duties. It shall be the duty of the Nominating Committee to:

District

(1) Stress qualifications required; receive and secure sugges- tions for nominees for the positions to be filled.

(2) Nominate one (1) or more qualified candidates for each office to be filled at the next election of district officers.

(3) Nominate at least five (5) candidates for the district Nomi- nating Committee.

No member shall be proposed without that member’s consent to serve if elected.

Zonta International

Work with the Zonta International Nominating Committee to recruit qualified Zontians for Zonta International officers, directors, and Nominating Committee.

(e) Report. At least sixty (60) days before the conference at which the election is to take place, the district Nominating Com- mittee shall send its report to each district officer and to each club in the district. At the conference, additional nominations may be made from the floor. The nominee shall be qualified and have submitted the consent to serve to the district Nominating Committee.

(f) Removal. Members of the district Nominating Committee may be removed by the district board for failure to perform the duties of the position, or acting in such a way as to injure the good name of Zonta or hamper its work. The procedure shall be as specified in Article XIII, Section 10 (g)(1).

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 25 SECTION 14. Election. Election shall be by ballot vote, and a majority vote of the conference voting members and proxies shall elect district officers. In the event that no candidate receives a majority of the votes cast for any office, only the two (2) candidates receiving the largest number of votes shall remain on the second ballot. The district Nominating Committee shall be elected by plurality vote.

SECTION 15. Rules of Procedure. Each district shall adopt district rules of procedure which conform to the Zonta International Bylaws. District rules of procedure shall be adopted or amended by a two- thirds (2/3) vote of the district conference voting members, provided that notice of such proposed rules of procedure or amendments thereto shall be sent to the president of each club within the district at least sixty (60) days before the conference. Rules of procedure may be adopted or amended by a mail ballot. In that case, to take action, a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the delegates voting shall be required, provided more than fifty percent (50%) of the district clubs respond within forty-five (45) days.

SECTION 16. Parliamentary Authority. Each district shall adopt a recognized parliamentary authority used in the country or countries in which the clubs in that district reside. The rules contained in the parliamentary authority shall govern the district in cases in which they are not inconsistent with these bylaws or the rules of procedure adopted by the district. Article XIV Clubs

SECTION 1. How Established. The Zonta clubs shall exist only as chartered clubs of Zonta International. The name of the Zonta club shall reflect the geographical location where it is organized.

SECTION 2. Members.

(a) Categories. The membership of a club shall be limited to classified members, Past International Presidents and Honorary Members.

(b) Classified Member.

(1) A classified member is a decision-maker accepted for membership under a major classification as shown in the Zonta International Marian de Forest Membership and Clas- sification Manual.

(2) Eligible for membership are executives and professionals, or others in a decision-making capacity, who are willing to support and implement the Objects of Zonta International. Membership candidates should be sought among community leaders in a variety of activities.

26 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (3) To be invited to membership, a candidate shall be actively engaged in or have experience in a recognized business or profession in a decision-making capacity.

(4) The club Organization, Membership and Classifica- tion Committee shall consider all proposals for membership and present the names of candidates to the club board. On approval, the Organization, Membership and Classification Committee chairman shall extend a written invitation to the person accepted to become a member and notify the club members. At club option, membership may be informed of the candidates for club membership before invitation to become a member is extended.

(5) A classified member has all rights and responsibilities of membership, including the right to hold office and represent the club at meetings, except as otherwise provided in these bylaws.

(c) Past International President. The club may retain as a member or may elect to its membership, without any classification requirement and without additional initiation fee, any Past International President.

(d) Honorary Membership. Honorary Members shall be persons who have distinguished themselves by some unusual service other than their service to Zonta. An Honorary Member shall be entitled to all membership privileges of the club except those of holding an elective office or directorship, of making motions and voting, or of representing the club as a delegate or alternate. The club board shall determine the specific tenure for honorary membership. An Honorary Member shall be exempt from the payment of dues. The club shall assume the obligation for payment of Zonta International and district dues for any Honorary Member the club may elect.

(e) Transfer Privileges. A member who moves to the geographical location of another Zonta club may transfer membership to that club, provided the required dues have been paid.

(f) Duration of Membership.

(1) Classified membership shall be for life after five (5) years’ membership except as otherwise provided in these bylaws.

(2) At the option of the club, a member dropped for nonpayment of dues may be reinstated upon payment of current obligations. The member shall pay a reinstatement fee in U.S. dollars to Zonta International.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 27 (3) The resignation by a member shall be sent in writing to the club president who shall present it to the next meeting of the board. No member’s resignation shall be accepted in good standing unless dues are paid.

(g) Leave of Absence. At the option of the club, leave of absence may be granted to a member upon approval of the club board. Payment of Zonta International and district dues shall be required. Payment of club dues shall be left to the decision of the club.

(h) Club Attendance Requirements. At the option of the club, or to comply with district attendance requirements, any member who is absent from all club meetings for two (2) consecutive months, without excuse deemed adequate in the opinion of the board, may be notified that membership may be forfeited. Should the absences continue following this notice, the board may notify the member that membership is forfeited. Attendance requirements can be met by attending a meeting of another Zonta club.

SECTION 3. Club Dues.

(a) Fiscal Year. A club may establish its own fiscal year according to the date of its annual meeting, except that clubs in the United States of America must conform to the fiscal year of 1 June through 31 May, inclusive.

(b) Annual Dues. The annual dues of a club member shall be established by the club to include Zonta International, district, area (if applicable) and club requirements. Dues shall be payable on or before 1 April. Any member in arrears for dues for sixty (60) days shall forfeit membership.

SECTION 4. Officers and Directors. The officers of the club shall be at least a president, vice president, secretary and treasurer. There shall be at least two (2) directors.

(a) Qualifications. Officers shall have experience in a decision-making capacity. To be eligible for the office of president, a member must have been at some time a member of the club board for at least one (1) year, except in the case of a newly chartered club.

(b) Election. At the election meeting, officers and directors shall be elected by ballot vote unless there is but one (1) nominee for the office, in which case a voice vote may be taken. A majority vote shall elect. At the option of the club, balloting may be by mail.

28 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (c) Term of Office. The officers and directors shall assume office on 1 June. The officers shall hold office for at least one (1) year or until their successors assume office. An officer or director shall be limited to two (2) consecutive years in the same office with the exception of the treasurer who shall be limited to four (4) consecutive years in the same office. A member who has served more than half a term shall be deemed to have served a full term in that office. At club option, a member who has served previously as an officer or director is eligible to serve in the same office again after an intermission.

(d) Vacancies. In case of vacancy in the office of president, the vice president shall become president. Vacancies in other offices shall be filled by the club board.

(e) Removal. Club officers and directors may be removed by the club members for cause upon grounds permitted for removal at the international level (Article VII, Section 9). A complaint in writing against an officer or director for such behavior shall be referred by the club board to a committee of club members elected by the members for investigation. The procedure shall be as specified in Article VII, Section 9.

Thereafter, the committee shall make a recommendation to the club members for a decision. Due notice in writing of the matter to be voted on at a meeting shall be given to all members. The board member concerned shall be entitled to be present for consideration of action to be taken but shall not be entitled to vote. Removal shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the club members present and voting.

If the club fails to act, the district board shall initiate disciplinary proceedings. If the district board fails to act, the Zonta Interna- tional Board has full authority to initiate and impose discipline on its own.

SECTION 5. Duties of Officers. The officers of the club shall perform the duties prescribed by the club, by the bylaws and rules of procedure of Zonta International, and by the parliamentary authority adopted by the organization.

(a) President. The president shall preside at all meetings of the club and of the board and shall be the chief executive officer of the club. Subject to approval by the board, the president shall appoint chairmen of standing committees and all other committees except the Nominating Committee. The president shall be ex-officio a member of all committees except the Nominating Committee.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 29 (b) Vice President. The vice president, in the absence or inability of the president, shall perform the duties of the president. The vice president may serve as chairman of a committee and may be assigned other duties by the club board.

(c) Secretary. The secretary shall keep a record of the proceedings of the meetings of the club and of the board, conduct cor- respondence not specifically assigned to other officers or committees, and perform other duties as assigned by the club board.

(d) Treasurer. The treasurer shall be responsible for the funds of the club and shall administer them in accordance with the approved club budget. The treasurer shall make monthly reports to the board and the club and be ex-officio a member of the Finance Committee. No later than forty-five (45) days after the term of office ends, the treasurer shall turn all records over to the successor.

SECTION 6. Club Board.

(a) How Constituted. Elected officers and directors of the club shall constitute the club board.

(b) Duties. The club board shall have general supervision of the affairs of the club between meetings of the club provided that none of its acts shall conflict with action taken by the club. It may act upon routine questions in carrying out established policies but shall not determine policy, authorize projects and donations, or adopt the budget. It shall perform such duties as are required by the bylaws and rules of procedure of Zonta International. The Zonta Club Manual shall serve as a guideline for club operation.

(c) Meetings. The club board shall hold regular monthly meetings unless otherwise ordered by the board. A majority of the members of the club board shall constitute a quorum.

SECTION 7. Meetings.

(a) Regular Meetings. Regular meetings of the club shall be held each month unless otherwise ordered by the club board.

(b) Annual Meeting. The meeting in March, April or May shall be known as the annual meeting and shall be for the purpose of receiving reports of officers, the club board, committees, and for any other business that may arise.

(c) Special Meetings. Special meetings may be called by the president and shall be called upon the written request of five (5) members of the club. At least ten (10) days notice of a special meeting shall be given. The business to be transacted at a spe-

30 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL cial meeting shall be limited to that mentioned in the meeting notice.

(d) Quorum. The quorum shall be determined by vote of the club provided that no less than one-fourth (1/4) of the members shall constitute a quorum at any regular or special meeting of the club.

SECTION 8. Nominating Committee.

(a) How Constituted. At its election meeting, the club may elect its Nominating Committee of at least three (3) members for the next year.

(b) Election. If nominees are unopposed, a voice vote may be taken and committee members may select their own chairman. If elected by ballot vote, the designated number of committee nominees receiving the highest number of votes shall constitute the club Nominating Committee. The member receiving the highest number of votes shall be chairman of the Nominating Committee.

(d) Duties. It shall be the duty of the Nominating Committee to nominate one (1) or more members for each office or directorship to be filled at the annual election, and at club option, to nominate at least three (3) members for the next term’s Nomi- nating Committee.

(e) Report of the Committee. The committee shall report the slate of officers, directors and members of the Nominating Com- mittee (if club elects at same time) before the election meeting. Additional nominations may be made from the floor, provided the nominee has consented to serve.

(f) Removal. Members of the club Nominating Committee may be removed by the club members for failure to perform the duties of the position, or acting in such a way as to injure the good name of Zonta or hamper its work. The procedure shall be as specified in Article XIV Section 4 (e).

SECTION 9. Committees

(a) There shall be an Organization, Membership and Classifica- tion Committee, a Service Committee, a Legislative Awareness and Advocacy Committee and such other committees as the club board may authorize to achieve biennium goals.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 31 (b) Appointment. Except as otherwise provided in the bylaws, the club president shall appoint committee chairmen, subject to approval by the club board.

SECTION 10. Audit. The club board shall cause the club financial records to be examined by a person independent of the board. For purposes of the examination, the books shall be closed at the end of the fiscal year.

SECTION 11. Suspension or Expulsion.

(a) Club. Any club of Zonta International that has acted in a way to injure the good name of Zonta or to hamper its work may be suspended or expelled by the Zonta International Board. A complaint in writing against a club for such behavior may be made to the district board which shall refer the matter to the District Bylaws and Resolutions Committee for investigation. The procedure shall be as specified in Article VII Section 9.

Thereafter, the committee shall make a recommendation to the district board. The district board shall make a recommendation to the Zonta International Board. A two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire elected district board shall be required for a recommendation of suspension or expulsion.

Notice of the district board recommendation shall be mailed with proof of service to the complainant and the club concerned. Suspension or expulsion shall be by a two thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire Zonta International Board. The decision of the Zonta International Board shall be final.

If the district board fails to act, the Zonta International Board has full authority to initiate proceedings and impose discipline on its own.

In the event of expulsion, all legal debts shall be paid and the remaining assets shall be disbursed as provided in Article IV, Section 2(c).

(b) Member. Any member of a club who has acted in a way to injure the good name of Zonta or to hamper its work may be expelled by the club members. A complaint in writing against a member for such behavior may be made to the club board. The board shall refer the complaint to a committee appointed by the board for investigation. The procedure shall be as specified in Article VII Section 9.

32 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL Thereafter, the committee shall make a recommendation to the club board. If the club board determines that further action regarding expulsion is necessary, it shall make a recommendation to the club members for a decision at a meeting of which written notice has been given to all members. The member concerned shall be entitled to be present for consideration of action to be taken but shall not be entitled to vote. A two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of club members present and voting shall be necessary for expulsion of a member.

Notice of the board or club decision shall be mailed with proof of service to the complainant and to the member concerned forthwith. The decision of the club board or club members may be appealed by the complainant or the member concerned to the district board within 45 days from the date on which the notice of decision is mailed to the parties. Expulsion shall be by a two- thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire elected district board. The decision of the district board shall be mailed with proof of service to the complainant and to the member concerned forthwith.

The decision of the district board may be appealed by the parties to the Zonta International Board within 45 days from the date on which the notice of decision is mailed to the parties. Expulsion shall be by a two-thirds (2/3) ballot vote of the entire Zonta In- ternational Board. The decision of the Zonta International Board shall be final.

SECTION 12. Parliamentary Authority. Each club shall adopt a recognized parliamentary authority used in the country in which the club is organized. The rules contained in the parliamentary authority shall govern the club in cases in which they are not inconsistent with Zonta International Bylaws and Rules of Procedure, the rules of procedure of the district in which the club resides, the club bylaws, or with the rules of procedure adopted by the club.

SECTION 13. Bylaws Amendments. Club bylaws may be amended by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the club members present and voting at any regular or special meeting called for that purpose, provided that notice of such proposed amendment shall have been given to each member at least ten (10) days before the meeting.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 33 Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 Fax: +1 312-930-0951 www.zonta.org

Article XV International Identification

SECTION 1. Seal. The corporate seal of Zonta International shall be circular in form with the words “Zonta International, Inc.”

SECTION 2. Colors. The official colors of Zonta International shall be mahogany and gold.

SECTION 3. Emblem. The emblem of Zonta International shall be a square as shown.

SECTION 4. Name and Marks. The name and symbol of Zonta may be used by any district, club or member of Zonta International only in accordance with regulations issued from time to time by the Zonta International Board. Use of the name and symbol of Zonta by non- members other than in news reporting or commentary is permitted only with prior approval of the Zonta International president.

SECTION 5. The Zontian. The Zonta International Board shall publish under its supervision and control, The Zontian magazine, which shall be the official registered publication of Zonta International. Zonta ClubsArticle XVI Members of ZontaIndemnification International The Zonta International Board may from time to time establish and implement policies for indemnification of officers, directors and employees of Zonta International. Article XVII Resolutions

SECTION 1. Definition and Duration. A resolution is a statement proposing a policy, procedure or action. A resolution adopted by an international convention shall remain in effect for the biennium proposed.

SECTION 2. How Proposed. To be considered by the convention, the resolution must:

(a) have been proposed by the Zonta International Board, or by any of its members, by a district conference, by a club, or by a committee of Zonta International; and

34 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL (b) have been mailed to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee at least 180 days before the convention except as prescribed in this article.

SECTION 3. Powers of Bylaws and Resolutions Committee. The committee shall have power to initiate resolutions, to combine two (2) or more resolutions into one (1) resolution, and to make recommendations upon all resolutions submitted to it. It may decide not to report a proposed resolution that it concludes should have further study or that is in conflict with the Objects of Zonta International. In the event of such a decision, the committee shall notify the proposer of the resolution.

SECTION 4. Exemptions from Requirements. If, due to unavoid- able circumstances, a resolution proposed by the Zonta Interna- tional Board, by a committee of Zonta International, or by a district conference cannot be mailed to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee 180 days before the convention, the resolution may be exempt from the requirement of referring the resolution to the Bylaws and Resolutions Committee. Such resolution may be submitted directly to the convention, provided that the resolution has either been published in The Zontian magazine with the Call to Convention or has been submitted to members of the Zonta In- ternational Board and to each club at least ninety (90) days before the convention. A resolution proposed by a club shall in all cases be sent to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee.

SECTION 5. Ninety (90) Day Notice Requirement. A copy of all resolutions, by whichever way presented, shall be sent to members of the Zonta International Board, district boards, and to each club at least ninety (90) days before convention.

SECTION 6. Convention Report. The chairman of the Zonta In- ternational Bylaws and Resolutions Committee, in reporting to the convention, shall state the Zonta International Board designation of “recommended,” “not recommended,” or “no recommendation” with a reference to each resolution presented.

SECTION 7. Resolution Without Advance Notice. In cases where the need for a recommendation or for a resolution could not have been foreseen in time to give the advance notice as required in this article, and where delayed action would render the resolution or the recommendation valueless, the convention may by a two-thirds (2/3) vote decide to consider a recommendation or a resolution.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 35 Article XVIII Parliamentary Authority The rules contained in the current edition of Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised shall govern Zonta International in cases in which they are not inconsistent with these bylaws or with the rules of procedure adopted by Zonta International. Article XIX Amendment to Bylaws

SECTION 1. Amendment. These bylaws may be amended by a two-thirds (2/3) vote of the convention voting members and proxies present and voting at any convention of Zonta International, provided that:

(a) the amendment has been proposed by the Zonta Interna- tional Board, by a district conference, by the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee, or by a revision committee authorized by a convention or by the Zonta International Board;

(b) the proposed amendment from a district conference has been sent to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Commit- tee within thirty (30) days after conference;

(c) the proposed amendment from the Zonta International Board has been sent to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee at least thirty (30) days prior to the committee’s pre- convention meeting; and

(d) a report of the Bylaws and Resolutions Committee, indicating the Zonta International Board’s designation on each proposed amendment of “recommended for adoption,” “not recommended for adoption,” or “no recommendation” has been sent by headquarters to the Zonta International Board, governors, lieutenant governors, and to the president of every club at least ninety (90) days before convention.

An amendment to these bylaws shall become effective on adjourn- ment of the convention at which it is adopted.

SECTION 2. Process for Club/District Amendment Proposals. A member of a Zonta club may recommend to the club for approval proposed changes in Zonta International Bylaws or Rules of Proce- dure. After club approval, the club may submit the proposal to the district board. If the district board determines that the proposal does not require further study, it shall publish the proposal to all other clubs in that district at least sixty (60) days before district conference and shall submit the proposal to delegates at the conference. The

36 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL district board may also submit a proposal to the district conference in the same manner. If a majority of voting members and proxies at district conference adopts the proposal, the district secretary shall submit the proposal to the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolu- tions Committee within thirty (30) days after the conference.

SECTION 3. Amendment Duplication. Should more than one (1) proposed amendment to the Zonta International Bylaws be submitted with the same intent covering the same subject matter, it shall be the duty of the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Com- mittee to review such proposed amendments and to present to the Zonta International Board an amendment which best incorporates the intent and serves the interest of Zonta International as a whole. In the event that any proposed amendment will not be reported to the convention, the committee shall notify the proposer of the amendment.

SECTION 4. Automatic Conformation. If any amendment of these bylaws causes the bylaws of Zonta clubs to be in conflict with the bylaws of Zonta International, the bylaws for Zonta clubs shall be considered to have been amended automatically to conform to the bylaws of Zonta International.

SECTION 5. Articles of Incorporation. The Articles of Incorpora- tion of Zonta International may be amended by a two-thirds (2/3) vote at any convention of Zonta International to include the changes to the articles brought about by amendments to the Zonta Interna- tional Bylaws. Article XX Rules of Procedure Rules of procedure prescribe standard operating procedures of Zonta International and remain in effect until rescinded or changed by majority vote of the voting members and proxies at a future convention. In the interim between conventions, the Zonta International Board may adopt rules of procedure and shall inform the clubs of these rules and their rationale. These new rules may remain in effect until convention by which time they shall be rescinded by the Zonta International Board or presented to the convention for ratification. If the Zonta International Board chooses to rescind a rule of procedure, that rule may not be adopted by the immediately succeeding board. Any rule of procedure submitted to and ratified by a convention shall remain in force until rescinded or otherwise disposed of by a convention. Proposed amendments to the rules of procedure may be submitted by the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolu- tions Committee to the convention for action.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 37 Rules of Procedure of Zonta International

The Rules of Procedure for the operation of Zonta International represent actions taken by convention and by the Zonta International Board. These rules become a part of the standard operating procedures of Zonta International and remain in effect until rescinded or changed by future conventions. Each Zonta club shall be bound by the Rules of Procedure of Zonta International except that, if any provision of these rules is contrary to the laws of the country, state or province in which a club is organized, that club shall notify the Zonta International Board in writing of the need to conform to such laws. The Rules of Procedure shall be reviewed by the Zonta International Bylaws and Resolutions Committee each biennium.

1. Operation Manuals. The operation manuals of Zonta In- ternational, as approved by the Zonta International Board, shall provide general guidelines. These operation manuals include, but are not limited to, the Zonta Club Manual, the Zonta District Manual, the Zonta International Manual, Marian de Forest Mem- bership and Classification Manual, Organization and Extension Manual and Convention Manual.

2. Club Liability Insurance (U.S./Canada). With the payment of dues to Zonta International, each U.S./Canada Zonta club shall pay per member in U.S. dollars a premium for group liability insurance in an amount assessed by the Zonta Interna- tional Board after obtaining, prior to each annual renewal date, competitive renewal bids for the subject coverage. The Zonta International Board shall be empowered to execute the renewal application for this insurance period. The premium shall be com- mensurate with premiums of other like organizations carrying the same limits and experiencing a like loss ratio. Such payments of premium are to be made also for each charter member, new member or reinstated member. Group liability insurance is recommended and is voluntary in country grouping to all clubs outside Canada and the United States.

3. Circularization. (1) Membership lists (i.e. club rosters, Zonta International directories, district directories, or other lists including members’ addresses and/or telecommunications num- bers) are not to be made available to non-Zontians, or used by Zontians for the purposes of selling goods and services or for personal, financial or political gain. (2) Zontians will not use membership lists or act in any other way to contact other Zon- tians for the purposes of lobbying for or against proposals that

38 RULES OF PROCEDURE OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL will be voted on, or for or against nominations for office or candidates who are running for office, at international conventions, district conferences or other Zonta meetings. (3) Membership lists may be provided to other organizations with the approval of the International Board and with that of the district boards and in compliance with any local privacy legislation. (4) Except as is mentioned above, Zontians are encouraged to network with each other for business purposes.

4. Grievances other than those concerning removal, suspension or expulsion. Disagreements arising within a Zonta club or a district or at the international level shall be handled by the club in question, the district in question or the Zonta International Board respectively. Complaints against a decision of a club may be handled by the proper district board. Complaints against a decision of a district may be handled by the Zonta International Board. The parliamentary authority as provided in the Bylaws of Zonta International for clubs, districts and Zonta International shall be used as the authority in the respective case.

5. United Nations and Council of Europe

(a) Status. Zonta International is recognized as having:

(1) general consultative status with the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC);

(2) consultative status of “Operational Relations” with the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO);

(3) consultative status with the United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF), with the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM), and with the International Labour Organization (ILO); and

(4) participatory status with the Council of Europe.

(b) Representatives. Zonta representatives to the United Nations and to the Council of Europe shall be appointed by the Zonta International president-elect with the approval of the Zonta International Board. They shall function in accordance with the guidelines approved by the Zonta International Board.

Rules of Procedure revised at the San Antonio Convention 2010.

RULES OF PROCEDURE OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL 39 Zonta International Index

A Actively Engaged, 5, 27, 51 Admission of Clubs to Membership, 5 Alternate to Convention, 13 Amendment to the Bylaws Club, 33 International, 36-37 Annual Dues, 6 Annual Meeting, Club, 30 Appointment to International Committees, 16 Areas, 18 Area Directors, 19-21 Area Dues, 19 Area Meetings, 24 Articles of Incorporation (Zonta International), 2-3, 37 Attendance, Club Meetings, 28 Audit, 17, 24, 32 Authorized Committees, International, 16-18 Automatic Conformation of Club Bylaws, 37 B Board of Directors (Zonta International), 9-12 Budget, 11, 17 Bylaws Club, 5, 37 International, 36-37 Bylaws and Resolutions Committee, International, 16, 21, 35-37 C Chairman, 161 Charter, 5, 26 Charter Member Fee, 6, 50 Circularization, 38-39 Classifications, 5 Classified Member, 26-27 Clubs Admission to Membership, 5 Attendance, 28 Board, 30 Budget, 30 Bylaws, 5, 37 Charter, 5, 26 Charter Member Fee, 6, 50 Classifications, 5 Classified Member, 26-27

40 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX Committees, 31-32 Convention, 13-14 Disbandment, 6 Diversity of Classifications, 5 Dues and Fees, 6-7, 50 Duration of Membership, 27-28 Election of Officers, 28 Fiscal Year, 28 Geographical Location, 26 Honorary Members, 26-27 Insurance (Liability), 38, 50 International Bylaw Amendment Proposal, 36-37 Leave of Absence, 28 Meetings, 30-31 Membership, 4-6, 26-28 Membership Eligibility, 26-27 Name, 26 Nominating Committee, 31 Officers, 28-30 Parliamentary Authority, 33 Past International President, 27 Proxies, 14, 24 Removal of Officers, 29 Term of Office, 29 Termination, 5 Transfer Privileges, 27 Vacancies, Officers and Directors, 29 Colors of Zonta, 34 Committees—Club Appointment, 32 Authorized, 31 Nominating, 31 Organization, Membership and Classification, 27, 31 Reports, 32 Service, 31 Committees—District Appointment, 20 Bylaws and Resolutions, 20 Nominating, 24-26 Organization, Membership and Classification, 20 Committees—International Amelia Earhart Fellowship Award, 18 Authorized, 16-18 Bylaws and Resolutions, 16 Convention, 16 Finance, 16-17 Legislative Awareness and Advocacy, 17 Nominating, 14-16

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX 41 Organization, Membership and Classification, 17 Public Relations and Communications, 17 Service, 17 United Nations, 17 Complaints, 9, 12, 22-23, 29, 32-33, 39 Contracts, 11 Convention Alternates, 13 Ballots, 14 Call to Convention, 13 Clubs, 13-14 Committee, 16 Delegates, 13-14 Election, 14 Emergency, 11 Nominating Committee, see Nominating Committee Place, 13 Program, 13 Proxies, 14 Purpose, 13 Quorum, 14 Reports, 13, 35 Resolutions, 13, 34-35 Time, 13 Voting, 13-14 D Decision-making Capacity, 19, 26-27, 28 Delegate to Convention Clubs, 13-14 Election, 14 Proxies, 14 Quorum, 14 Delegate to District Conference Clubs, 24 Proxies, 24 Quorum, 24 Representation, 23-24 Directors, 9-10, 28-29 Disbandment—Club, 6 Disciplinary Matters, 12, 16, 29, 32-33, 39 District Area Directors/Vice Area Directors, 19, 20, 21 Area Meetings, 24 Areas, 18 Attendance, 28 Audit, 24 Board, 22-23

42 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX Conference, 23-24 Dues, 19 Election, 19, 23-24, 26 Establishment, 18 Governor, 19, 20, 21 International Bylaw Amendment Proposal, 36-37 Lieutenant Governor, 19, 20, 21 Mail/Telecommunication Voting, 22 Meetings, 23-24 Members, 18 Nominating Committee, 24-26 Officers, 19-21 Officer Qualifications, 19 Officer Removal, 22-23 Officer Term of Office, 20 Parliamentary Authority, 26 Proxies, 24 Quorum, 22, 24 Representation, 24 Secretary, 19, 20, 21, 22 Treasurer, 19, 21 Vacancies, 21-22 Vote, 22 Diversity of Classifications, 5 Dues and Fees Area Dues, 19 Charter Member Fee, 6, 50 Club Dues, 28 District Dues, 19 Emergency Assessment, 7 Extension or Adjustment of Payment, 7 Fiscal Year, 6, 28 Insurance, 38, 50 International Dues, 6 New Member Fee, 6 Nonpayment of Dues and Fees, 7 Per Capita Dues, 6 Reinstated Member Fee, 6 Z Club/Golden Z Club Fees, 7 Duration of Membership, 27-28 Duties and Powers—Club Board, 30 Nominating Committee, 31 President, 29 Secretary, 30 Treasurer, 30 Vice President, 30

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX 43 Duties and Powers—District Board, 22 Area Directors, 20 Governor, 20 Lieutenant Governor, 20 Nominating Committee, 25 Secretary, 21 Treasurer, 21 Vice Area Directors, 21 Duties and Powers—Zonta International Board, 10-11 Directors, 10 Executive Committee, 12 Nominating Committee, 15 President, 8-9 President-Elect, 9 Treasurer/Secretary, 9 Vice President, 9 E Elections Club, 28 District, 19, 26 International Convention, 14 Directors, 10 Nominating Committee, 14 Officers, 8 Eligibility for Club Members, 26-27 Emblem, 34 Emergency Assessment, 7 Emergency Powers of International Board, 11 Examination of Club Financial Records, 32 Executive Committee, 12-13 Executive Director, 11, 13 Expression upon Principles and Public Issues, 4 Expulsion, 32-33 Extension or Adjustment of Per Capita Dues, 7 F Fees, see Dues and Fees Finance Committee, International, 21-22 Financial Position, Statement of, 22 Fiscal Year, 8, 36 Foundation, Zonta International, 22

44 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX G Grievance, 49 H Headquarters Office, 17 Honorary Membership Clubs, see Clubs, Honorary Members International, see International Honorary Members I Indemnification, 34 Insurance (Club Liability), 38, 50 International Board Authority, 11 Convention, 11, 13 Directors, 9-10 Duties and Powers, 10-11 Emergency Powers, 11 Executive Committee, 12-13 How Constituted, 10 Mail/Telecommunication Voting, 12 Meetings, 11 Officers, 8-9 Quorum, 11 Removal, 12 Zonta International Manual, 11 International Honorary Members, 4, 6 International Identification, 34 L Leave of Absence, 28 Legislative Awareness and Advocacy Committee, International, 17 Liability Insurance, 38, 50 Long-Range Planning, 11 M Magazine, 34 Manuals Marian de Forest Membership and Classification, 26, 38 Zonta Club, 30, 38 Zonta District, 22, 38 Zonta International, 11, 38 Mark of Zonta, 34 Meetings—Club Annual, 30 Board, 30 Election, 28 Quorum, 31 Regular, 30

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX 45 Special, 30-31 Meetings—District Area Meetings, 24 Conference, 23-24 Meetings—Zonta International Executive Committee, 12 Zonta International Board, 11 Membership—Club Categories, 26 Classified, 26-27 Duration, 27-28 Election/Invitation, 27 Forfeit, 28 Honorary, 27 Leave of Absence, 28 Past International President, 27 Qualifications, 26-27 Resignation, 28 Transfer Privileges, 27 Membership—Zonta International International Honorary Member, 4, 6 Past International Presidents, 4, 6 Zonta Clubs, 5-6 Membership List Use, 38-39 N Name, 4, 34 Networking, 39 New Member Fee, 6 Nominating Committee Club, 31 District, 24-26 International, 14-16 Official Slate Publication, 15 Nonpartisan, 4 Nonpayment of Dues and Fees, 7 Nonsectarian, 4 O Objects of Zonta International, 4 Officers and Club Board of Directors Attendance, 28 Duties and Powers, 29-30 Election, 28 Meetings, 30-31 Qualifications, 28 Quorum, 31 Removal of, 29

46 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX Term of Office, 29 Vacancies, 29 Officers and Zonta International Board Directors, 9-10 Duties, 8-9, 10 Election, 8, 10 Executive Committee, 12-13 President, 8-9 President-Elect, 9 Qualifications, 8, 9 Term of Office, 8, 10 Treasurer/Secretary, 9 Vice President, 9 Officers, District, 19-23 Operation Manuals, 11, 38 Organization, Membership and Classification Committee, International, 17 P Parliamentarian, 9 Parliamentary Authority, 26, 33, 36 Past International Presidents, 4, 6, 13, 26 Per Capita Dues, 6 Per Capita Dues Adjustment, 7 Policy, 4 President Club, 28, 29 International, 8-9 President-Elect, 8, 9 Principles, 4 Proof of Service, 23, 32, 33 Proxies Convention, 14 District Conference, 24 Public Issues, 4 Public Relations and Communications Committee, International, 17 Q Qualifications Club Membership, 26-27 Club Officers and Board of Directors, 28 District Officers, 19 International Directors, 9 International Nominating Committee, 15 International Officers, 8 Quorum Club Board, 30 Club Meeting, 31

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX 47 District Board, 22 District Conference, 24 Executive Committee, 12 International Board, 11 International Convention, 14 R Reinstated Member Fee, 6 Removal, Officers/Directors, 12, 22-23, 29 Resignation, Membership, 28 Resolutions Bylaws/Resolutions Committee Powers, 35 Bylaws/Resolutions Committee Report, 35 Convention Report, 35 Definition, 34 Duration, 34 Exemptions from Requirements, 35 How Proposed, 34-35 Ninety (90)-Day Notice Requirement, 35 Without Advance Notice, 35 Review, 24 Robert’s Rules of Order Newly Revised, 36 Rules of Procedure District, 26 International, 37-39 S Seal of Zonta, 34 Secretary Club Board, 28, 30 District Board, 19, 21 Treasurer/Secretary of ZI Board, 8, 9 Service Committee, International, 17 Service Projects, 17 Special Club Meeting, 30-31 Suspension, 32-33 Symbol of Zonta, 34 T Term of Office Club Officers and Board, 29 District Officers and Board, 20 International Directors, 10 International Officers, 8 Termination of Club, 5 Treasurer Club, 28, 30 District, 19, 21 Treasurer/Secretary of ZI, 8, 9

48 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX U United Nations Consultative Status, 39 Representatives, 39 United Nations Committee, International, 17 V Vacancies Club Nominating Committee, 31 Club Officers, 29 District Nominating Committee, 25 District Officers, 21-22 International Directors, 10 International Nominating Committee, 15 International Officers, 8 Vice Area Directors, 19, 21 Vice President Club, 28, 30 International, 8, 9 Voting Clubs, 28 Convention, 13-14 District, 22, 23-24, 26 International Board, 12 International Executive Committee, 13 Mail/Telecommunication, 12, 22 Proxies, 14, 24 Z Z Club/Golden Z Club Fees, 7 Zontian, The Magazine Call to Convention, 13 Official Publication, 34

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL INDEX 49 2010-2012 Zonta International Dues and Fees (in U.S. dollars)

Per Capita Dues

2010–2011 $65.00 2011–2012 $80.00

New Member Fee $15.00

Charter Member Fee $15.00

Reinstated Member Fee $15.00

Z Club/Golden Z Club Charter Fee $25.00

Z Club/Golden Z Club Annual Renewal Fee $5.00 per Sponsored Z/Golden Z Club

NOTES:

a. Per capita dues are to be paid annually for all members by 1 June. (North American Zontians pay an additional $3.00 per member for liability insurance.)

b. Charter members, new members or reinstated members pay an additional $15.00 for a total of $80.00 for the first dues payment for such members in 2010-2011 and $95.00 for the first dues payment for such members in 2011-2012.

c. For members admitted 1 December or later, clubs may pay half of the per capita dues (but add $15.00 for charter or new members).

50 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL DUES AND FEES Glossary

Specialized terms in the bylaws and rules of procedure with defini- tions as used by Zonta International.

Actively Engaged in a Classification Working at least 50 percent of a normal work week in the business or profession represented by that classification.

Activities In the context of recruitment of community leaders as prospective members, a “variety of activities” refers to a diversity of classifications.

Advocacy (see also Lobbying) The expression of support for or opposition to a cause, argument or proposal. Advocacy may include influencing laws, legislation or attitudes. Zonta advocacy is an action taken in “the public interest” or for “the greater good” with respect to advancing the status of women and girls and their human rights.

Alternate Person elected by the club to formally represent the club in the event that the primary representative, the delegate, is unable to do so.

Amendment Modification in wording of a bylaw or rule by a deliberative body.

Area Part of a district. Clubs are organized into areas to implement the administrative functions within the district.

Audit (see also Compilation and Review) A professional opinion expressed on the fairness of financial statements providing assurance that the underlying data has been tested to the extent necessary. Audited financial statements provide the highest degree of assurance on the reliability of the financial statements.

Bylaws Code of rules of a permanent nature adopted by an organization, defining its primary characteristics and prescribing how the organization functions.

Chairman One who presides over an assembly, meeting, committee or board. Proper to use and has no sexist connotation. (Chairperson is not recommended and should not be used unless an organization’s bylaws specify this term.)

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL GLOSSARY 51 Classification A classification is an occupation in a business or profession as listed in the Marian de Forest Membership and Classification Manual.

Compilation (see also Audit and Review) The presentation of information in the form of financial statements, without expressing an opinion or assurance regarding their conform- ity with generally accepted accounting principles.

Delegate Person elected by the club to formally represent the club in voting at convention, district or area meetings.

Examine To examine the club’s financial records includes tracing a sample of cash disbursements to paid invoices and a sample of cash receipts to bank deposits. It also includes verifying the bank reconciliation and proving cash. The examination provides significantly less assurance than either an audit or review.

Executive Person in a position of authority.

Ex-Officio A position held because of one’s office. An ex-officio member has all the rights of any other member of the committee, including the right to vote, but is not counted in the quorum.

Good Standing A club that has paid international dues and fees, has provided to Zonta International Headquarters a current and complete official club member list with the information requested by Zonta Interna- tional Headquarters, has paid district dues and area dues (if applicable), and whose organizational activity is in accordance with bylaws provisions is a club in good standing.

A member who has paid all required dues and fees and whose Zon- ta activities are in accordance with bylaws provisions is a member in good standing.

Guidelines A standard course of action recommended by the Zonta Internation- al Board. This course of action would be the result of reports from task forces, committees, and the opinions of membership. However, the guidelines are not binding, and clubs have the freedom to act upon them.

Leave of Absence Official permission to be absent from club meetings and activities.

52 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL GLOSSARY Lobbying (see also Advocacy) An act with the intention of influencing decisions to benefit a special interest, an individual or a group of individuals.

Mail Includes not only regular mail but also written or oral messages sent electronically (e.g. through e-mail or voicemail).

May (verb) Expresses permission, possibility or opportunity to take action.

Networking Members with similar interests who join together to share knowledge and experience for furtherance of common goals.

Nonpartisan Not influenced by, affiliated with, or supporting the interest or policies of any person or party.

Nonsectarian Not limited to, or affiliated with, any one religion or sect.

Policy Any governing principle, plan or course of action in relation to a special issue or Object. General policies (overall principles) are stated in ZI Bylaws Article III and may be adopted/changed by convention. Operation policies are adopted/changed by the ZI Board and included in the Operation Manuals

Previous Notice Requirement specified in bylaws that member must be notified in advance—either orally or in writing—of a proposal to be considered at a future meeting, i.e., proposed bylaw amendment.

Principles Points for discussion. Wide-ranging, constituting a movement toward the final agreed policy.

Professional Person engaged in work which requires special training, skills or knowledge.

Programs Refers to the major service programs as authorized by the convention (see listing under Biennium Program Goals section). Interna- tional Service is a program of ZI and a fund in ZIF. Specific Zonta International Service Program projects are selected for support and funding, usually on a biennial basis.

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL GLOSSARY 53 Projects Specific activities, usually within a stated timeframe, at the club, district or international level. At the ZI level, projects are administered under the broad umbrella of a program (for example, a specific biennial project is selected for support under the International Service Program).

Proof of Service Evidence in writing that notice has been given/sent.

Proxy Document allowing a club unable to be represented at conference/ convention to authorize another club to represent it in voting at conference/convention.

Public Issue A widely known matter, familiar to the people as a whole, on which the decision is of special significance or public importance.

Quorum The minimum number of members required to legally transact business.

Region A geographic territory containing Zonta clubs but not qualifying as a district.

Review (see also Audit and Compilation) Reviews of financial statements provide a significantly lower degree of assurance than audits. Through inquiries and performing ana- lytical procedures, the reviewer is able to express limited assurance that there are no material changes needed for the financial statements to conform with generally accepted accounting procedures. However, no professional opinion is expressed on the overall fairness of the financial statements.

Rules of Procedure Rules of procedure, normally of an indefinite continuing nature, which refer to the details of the administration of an organization.

Shall Denotes authority, obligation or demand that the specific action be taken.

Vacancy A vacancy in an office or directorship or committee can exist as a result of death, resignation, failure without acceptable excuse to attend board meetings, or failure to perform the duties of the position held.

54 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL GLOSSARY Vote Formal expression of opinion or preference. In Zonta, the vote is based on members present and voting. Voting Methods

Ballot A printed or projected paper or ticket used to cast a vote.

Ballot Vote System of casting a secret vote—enables member to vote without revealing position on the issue or candidate.

Majority Vote More than half of the votes cast by eligible voters, excluding blanks or abstentions.

Plurality Vote Largest number of votes obtained where more than two choices are possible, such as in elections.

Two-Thirds Vote At least two-thirds (2/3) of the votes cast by eligible voters, excluding blanks or abstentions.

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL GLOSSARY 55 Zonta International Foundation Articles of Incorporation under the General Not for Profit Corporation Act State of Illinois, USA

We, the Incorporators being natural persons of the age of twenty- one years or more and citizens of the United States, for the purpose of forming a corporation under the “General Not for Profit Corpora- tion Act” of the State of Illinois, do hereby adopt the following Articles of Incorporation:

1. The name of the corporation is: Zonta International Foundation.

2. The name and address of the registered agent and registered office are: Jason Friske, 1211 West 22nd Street, Suite 900, Oak Brook, IL 60523.

3. The duration of the corporation is perpetual.

4. The first board of directors shall be four (4) in number, their names and addresses being as follows:

Cornelia S. Hodges, 2650 Cooper Avenue #313, Springfield, IL 62704

Carol Borecky, 16 Belhaven Drive, Springfield, IL 62704

Frances Braker Crann, 1341 “G” Greenwillow Road, Glenview, IL 60025

Teresa Conway, 532 Sterling Road, Kenilworth, IL 60043

5. The corporation is organized exclusively for charitable purposes, to carry out the charitable objectives of Zonta International including providing service at the global and local level and to support charitable organizations that advance the charitable objectives of Zonta International Foundation.

6.1 The place in this state where the principal office of the Corpora- tion is to be located is the Village of Oak Brook, DuPage County.

6.2 No part of the net earnings of the Corporation shall inure to the benefit of, or be distributable to its members, directors, officers, or other private persons, except that the Corporation shall be authorized and empowered to pay reasonable compensation for services rendered and to make payments and distributions in furtherance of the purposes set forth in Article 5 hereof. No substantial part of the activities of the Corporation shall be the carrying on of propaganda,

56 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION or otherwise attempting to influence legislation, and the Corporation shall not participate in, or intervene in (including the publishing or distribution of statements) any political campaign on behalf of any candidate for public office. Notwithstanding any other provision of these articles, the Corporation shall not carry on any other activities not permitted to be carried on (a) by a corporation exempt from federal income tax under section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Reve- nue Code of 1954 (or corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law) or (b) by a corporation, contributions to which are deductible under section 170 (c) (2) of the Internal Rev- enue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law).

6.3 Upon the dissolution of the Corporation, the Board of Direc- tors shall, after paying or making provision for the payment of all of the liabilities of the Corporation, dispose of all of the assets of the Corporation exclusively for the purposes of the Corporation in such manner, or to such organization or organizations organized and operated exclusively for charitable, educational, religious or scientific purposes as shall at the time qualify as an exempt organization or organizations under Section 501(c) (3) of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 (or the corresponding provision of any future United States Internal Revenue Law), as the Board of Directors shall determine. Any such assets not so disposed of shall be disposed of by the Court of Common Pleas of the county in which the principal office of the Corporation is then located, exclusively for such purposes or to such organization or organizations, as said court shall determine, which are organized and operated exclusively for such purposes.

6.4 The corporation may from time to time establish and implement policies for indemnification of officers, directors and employees of the corporation.

We the incorporators declare that we have examined the forego- ing Articles of Incorporation and that the statements contained there are, to the best of our knowledge and belief, true, correct and complete. Executed this 15th day of January, 1985.

(Signed): Cornelia S. Hodges Carol Borecky Frances Braker Crann Teresa Conway

(Articles of Incorporation as amended by the Zonta International Foundation Board and approved by the Zonta International Board through June 2010)

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION ARTICLES OF INCORPORATION 57 Bylaws of the Zonta International Foundation

Article I Purpose The purpose of the Zonta International Foundation is to carry out the charitable service purposes of Zonta International. The Zonta International Foundation is organized exclusively for charitable purposes.

No part of the net earnings of the Corporation shall inure to the benefit of, or be distributable to its members, directors, officers or other private persons. Article II Offices Zonta International Foundation, an Illinois not-for-profit corporation, sometimes referred to in these Bylaws as the “Foundation,” shall maintain in the State of Illinois a registered office and may have other offices within or without the state. Article III Members

SECTION I. Qualifications. The Foundation shall have one Mem- ber, which shall be known as the “Corporate Member.” The Cor- porate Member shall be Zonta International, an Illinois not-for-profit corporation, as governed by its International Board of Directors, or any successor thereto resulting by merger, consolidation, or exchange of name.

SECTION 2. Matters Requiring Approval by the Corporate Member. The Corporate Member must approve the following actions by the Board of Directors: amendment or restatement of the Articles of Incorporation or Bylaws; merger, consolidation, dissolution, or sale, lease, exchange, mortgage or pledge of the assets of the Foundation; and any other action for which Membership action is required under the Illinois Not-for-Profit Corporation Act.

58 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION Article IV Board of Directors

SECTION 1. General Powers. The affairs of the Foundation shall be managed by its Board of Directors. The Board of Directors shall have the power and authority to receive gifts and legacies on behalf of the Foundation and to make gifts and donations of capital as well as of income in pursuance of the objectives and purposes of the Foundation.

SECTION 2. Number, Tenure, and Qualifications. Except as set forth in Section 4, the directors of the Foundation shall be those individuals serving from time to time as officers and directors of Zonta International.

SECTION 3. Resignation of Directors. Directorship in this Founda- tion is not transferable or assignable, but any director may resign from the Board by filing a written resignation with the president.

SECTION 4. Removal. Any director may be removed by the Cor- porate Member whenever in its judgment the best interests of the Foundation shall be served by such removal.

SECTION 5. Vacancies. Any vacancy occurring in the Board of Di- rectors or any directorship to be filled by reason of any increase in the number of directors shall be filled by the Corporate Member.

SECTION 6. Indemnification/Bonding. The Foundation Board may from time to time establish and implement policies for indemnification of officers and directors of the Foundation.

SECTION 7. Regular Meetings. Unless otherwise designated by the Board, a regular meeting shall be held in the month of June or July in conjunction with the meeting of the Corporate Member. Reg- ular meetings will be held without any other notice than by Board decision. Meetings may also be held by conference call (telephone or video) or by electronic messaging.

SECTION 8. Special Meetings. Special meetings of the Board of Directors may be called by or at the request of the president or any two directors. The place for holding any special meeting of the Board shall be the registered offices of the Foundation unless the Board determines otherwise. Meetings may also be held by conference call (telephone or video) or by electronic messaging.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION 59 SECTION 9. Notice. Notice of any special meeting of the Board shall be given at least ten days for meetings held in person or three days for meetings held by telephone previous thereto by any means permitted by applicable law to each director at the address shown by the records of the Foundation. If mailed, such notice shall be deemed to be delivered when deposited in the United States mail in a sealed envelope so addressed, with postage prepaid.

SECTION 10. Reporting. The Board shall report at least annually to the Corporate Member on all Foundation-sponsored programs and Foundation finances.

SECTION 11. Voting. Each director shall be entitled to one vote on each matter and shall vote in person if business is conducted at a meeting, or by written ballot, if business is conducted by mail. Ac- tion by written ballot requires a unanimous vote of the entire Board. Proxy votes are not allowed.

SECTION 12. Quorum. A majority of the Board of Directors shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business at any meeting of the Board. Withdrawal of directors from any meeting shall not cause failure of a duly-constituted quorum at the meeting.

SECTION 13. Manner of Acting. If a quorum is present at a meeting of the Board, the affirmative vote of a majority of those directors present and voting shall be the act of the Board, unless the act of a greater number is required by statute, these Bylaws, or the Articles of Incorporation.

SECTION 14. Compensation. No officer or director shall receive any salaries for their services, but by resolution of the Board, a fixed sum or reimbursement of the actual expenses of attendance, if any, may be allowed for each regular or special meeting of the Board, provided that nothing herein contained shall be construed to pre- clude any officer or director from serving the Foundation in any other capacity and receiving reasonable compensation thereof. Article V Officers

SECTION 1. Officers. The officers of the Foundation shall bea president, a president-elect, a vice president and a treasurer/secretary. The individuals holding these offices from time to time in the Corporate Member shall hold the same offices in the Foundation.

60 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION SECTION 2. President. The president shall be the executive officer and shall exercise a general supervision over the interests and welfare of the Foundation, preside at all meetings of the Foundation, the Board and the Executive Committee, appoint committees authorized by the Foundation bylaws or the Board and be an ex-officio member of all committees unless otherwise required by these bylaws.

SECTION 3. Vice President In the absence or inability of the president to perform official duties, the vice president shall perform the duties of the president.

SECTION 4. President-Elect. The president-elect shall perform such duties as assigned by the president and shall be an ex-officio member of all committees unless otherwise required by these bylaws.

SECTION 5. Treasurer/Secretary. The treasurer/secretary shall be the chief financial officer of the Foundation and shall be a member of the Finance and Audit Committee. The treasurer/secretary shall have the authority to certify resolutions and other documents of the Foundation and shall report and perform other duties as required by these bylaws. Article VI Executive Committee

SECTION 1. How Constituted. The officers of the Foundation shall constitute the Executive Committee.

SECTION 2. Duties and Powers. The Executive Committee shall act for the Board between meetings of the Board, except that its acts may not conflict with or modify action taken by the Board including the budget. At the next meeting of the Board, a report shall be made of the Executive Committee’s actions.

SECTION 3. Meetings. Special meetings may be called by the president or upon request of two (2) members of the Executive Committee.

SECTION 4. Quorum. A majority of the Executive Committee shall constitute a quorum.

SECTION 5. Vote. A majority vote of the entire Executive Committee shall be required for action.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION 61 Article VII Standing Committees

SECTION 1. Finance and Audit Committee. The president shall appoint a Finance and Audit Committee, composed of at least three Zontians. At least one Member of the Finance and Audit Committee must have significant financial knowledge, and preferably be a Unit- ed States certified public accountant. The president, president-elect and treasurer/secretary shall serve as members of this committee. The Finance and Audit Committee is responsible for preparing the budget for submission to the Board and for managing Foundation investments and assets.

SECTION 2. Development Committee. The president shall appoint a Development Committee to encourage contributions, grants, legacies, and bequests for Foundation activities from individuals, organizations, foundations, corporations, and other sources. The president and president-elect shall serve as members of the Development Committee.

Article VIII Other Committees The president, with the approval of the Board of Directors, may appoint any other committees and its members, not having nor exer- cising the authority of the Board of Directors, as needed from time to time. Any such committee and members thereof shall serve until the presidential term ends unless earlier removed. The president and president-elect shall serve as members of any such committee. Article IX Contracts, Checks, Deposits, and Funds

SECTION 1. Contracts. The Board may authorize any officer or officers, in addition to the officers so authorized by these Bylaws, to enter into a contract or execute and deliver any instrument in the name of and on behalf of the Foundation and such authority may be general or confined to specific instances.

SECTION 2. Checks, Drafts, Etc. All checks, drafts or other orders for the payment of money, notes, or other evidences of indebted- ness issued in the name of the Foundation shall be signed by such officer or officers or agents of the Foundation and in such manner as shall from time to time be determined by resolution of the Board of Directors. In the absence of such determination by the Board of Di- rectors, such instruments shall be signed by the treasurer/secretary and countersigned by any other officer of the Foundation.

62 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION SECTION 3. Gifts. The Board of Directors may accept on behalf of the Foundation any contribution, gift, bequest or device for the general purposes of or for any special purpose of the Foundation. Article X Books and Records The Foundation shall keep correct and complete books and records of account and shall keep minutes of the proceedings of Board of Directors and committees having any of the authority of the Board of Directors. All books and records of the Foundation may be inspected by any director or the Corporate Member for any proper purposes at any reasonable time. Article XI Audit, Financial Statement, and Management Letter The treasurer/secretary shall cause the books of the Foundation to be audited annually for the fiscal year ended May 31. The financial statement, audit report and management letter from the auditors shall be sent to the Board and Corporate Member. Article XII Fiscal Year The fiscal year of the Foundation shall be from June 1 to May 31. Article XIII Policies and Procedures The Board shall enact policies and procedures with which to conduct its affairs; and the power to alter or amend Policies and Proce- dures or adopt new Policies and Procedures shall be vested in the Board. The Policies and Procedures may contain any provision for the regulation and management of the affairs of the corporation not inconsistent with these Bylaws, Articles of Incorporation, or the laws of the State of Illinois. A majority vote by the directors present and voting at a meeting shall be required to adopt any new Policies or Procedures. An amendment of the Policies and Procedures may be made by written ballot, in which case a unanimous vote of all directors shall be required to adopt any new Policies and Procedures.

BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION 63 Article XIV Waiver of Notice Whenever any notice is required to be given under the provisions of the General Not-for-Profit Corporation Act of Illinois or under the provisions of the Articles of Incorporation or the Bylaws, a Waiver thereof, whether before or after the time stated therein, shall be deemed equivalent to the giving of such notice. Article XV Amendments The power to alter, amend or repeal the Bylaws or adopt new By- laws shall be vested in the Board of Directors. Such action may be taken at a regular or special meeting for which written notice of the purpose shall be given. The Bylaws may contain any provision for the regulation and management of the affairs of the corporation not inconsistent with the law or the Articles of Incorporation. A proposed amendment to the bylaws must be reviewed by the corporation’s legal counsel prior to adoption and counsel’s recommendation shall be considered by the directors. An amendment of the Bylaws may be made by written ballot. A majority vote by the directors present and voting at a meeting or by a unanimous vote of all directors by written ballot shall be required to adopt any amendment. All new By- laws amendments must be ratified by the Corporate Member before they shall become effective.

64 BYLAWS OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION Zonta International Foundation Index

A Articles of Incorporation (Zonta International Foundation), Amendment of, 56-57 Audit, 63 B Board of Directors, 59-61 Expense Reimbursement, 60 Meetings of, 59 Quorum, 60 Reports to Corporate Member, 60 Voting, 60 Bylaws Amendment of, 58, 84 C Committees, 62 Development Committee, 62 Finance Committee, 62 Compensation, 60 Contributions to Foundation, 63 Contracts, 62 Corporate Member, 58 D Directors Indemnification of, 59 Qualifications, 59 Removal of, 59 Resignation of, 59 Vacancies, 59 E Executive Committee, 61 Meetings of, 61 Quorum, 61 F Financial Statements, 63 Fiscal Year, 63 G Gifts, 63

ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION INDEX 65 M Meetings Board of Directors, 59 Executive Committee, 61 Special, 59 O Officers, 60-61 Indemnification of, 59 Term of Office, 59 Vacancies, 59 P Payments Made by Foundation, 62 Policies and Procedures, 63 President, 60, 61 President-Elect, 60, 61 Purpose of the Zonta International Foundation, 58 R Records, 63 T Treasurer/Secretary, 60, 61 V Vacancies, 59 Vice President, 60, 61 W Waiver of Notice, 64

66 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION INDEX Resolutions

Resolution to Support Establishment of Codes of Ethical Conduct

Zonta International has, during the last biennia, worked to prevent trafficking. At the 2002 ZI Convention in Gothenburg, a resolution was adopted against trafficking in persons, especially women and children. We agreed to promote the Protocol, supplementing the United Nations Convention against Transnational Organized Crime (Annex II supplementing UN document A/RES/55/25), adopted by the UN General Assembly in November 2000. A ZI service project (later a ZISVAW project) was established to prevent trafficking in women in the Balkans.

In October 2000, the UN Security Council adopted the Resolution 1325 (2000). It reaffirmed inter alia “the need to fully implement international humanitarian and human rights law, which protects the rights of women and girls during and after conflicts”.

In 2008, the Security Council adopted Resolution 1820 (2008), in 2009 it adopted Resolution 1888 (2009) and Resolution 1889 (2009) and in doing so reaffirming the commitment of the Security Coun- cil to the continuing and full implementation of inter alia Resolution 1325. Much can be done by Governments, NGOs and others under and in line with Resolution 1325 to emphasize the importance of the observance of Resolution 1325.

A resolution adopted by the Security Council is not the object of a ratification procedure as a UN convention is and no legal remedy is available if a country is in breach of a resolution. It is thus of greatest importance that action is taken on international, but also on national levels, to support the observance of such resolutions. In countries during and after conflicts or other misfortunes, there are meetings between people who are not on equal level.

To always behave impeccably and prevent human beings from being abused, when meeting people during international service/work in countries during and after conflicts or other misfortunes, is to respect and implement human rights.

An example within District 21, in line with Resolution 1325 (2000), is the Code of Ethical Conduct, which has been drawn up by a network of different authorities amongst them The Swedish Foreign Ministry, The Swedish Armed forces, The Swedish National Courts Adminis- tration and Rescue Organization and other national organizations such as Save the Children and the Swedish Red Cross. It contains inter alia the following guidelines:

RESOLUTIONS 67 “Buying sexual services is not allowed when working abroad. Sexual services refer not only to paying cash to a prostitute on a casual street pick-up, visiting brothels et cetera, but also to private services such as paying bills, rents, fees to schools et cetera in exchange for sexual services. Visiting sex-clubs, striptease-clubs and similar places is not allowed when it can provide support to criminal acts such as the sex-trade and other criminal activities.”

This is one example of what can be done in one country. Many other actions can be taken and many other initiatives can be made on the basis of the situation in each individual country to, by working with Codes of Conduct, secure the implementation of Resolution 1325.

The Objects of Zonta International include “to improve the legal, political, economic, education, health, and professional status of women” and “to promote justice and universal respect for human rights and fundamental freedoms”.

Be it resolved therefore that:

Zonta International supports the full implementation of the Resolu- tion 1325 (2000).

Zonta International encourages its members to

• prepare for effective advocacy by informing themselves about the content of Resolution 1325

• make serious efforts to support the establishment of national Codes of Ethical Conduct

• work for the implementation of existing Codes of Ethical Conduct in order to advance the status of women worldwide.

Resolution on Daily Registration Fee at Zonta Conventions At conventions, in addition to the full registration fee, a daily registration fee is offered allowing Zonta members, who are not delegates, and guests to attend conventions for single days and/or for single events. The region of validity will be defined by the ZI Board together with the Convention Committee.

68 RESOLUTIONS 2010–2012 Biennial Goals Adopted by the 2010 Convention, San Antonio, Texas

These biennial goals are aligned to Zonta International’s objectives and strategic goals. They are intended to provide the structure for districts and clubs to develop their own biennial goals and strategic goals, while taking into account the context of Zonta International’s mission and responding to local needs. GOVERNANCE

The governance of a non-profit corporation is the responsibility of the Board of Directors who is authorized by state law to manage the business and affairs of the corporation. The officers, as well as all directors, must act in accordance with ethics and action appropriate to the fiduciary and legal responsibilities to Zonta International and Zonta International Foundation. We must keep ever before us that good governance relates to decisions that define expectations, grant power and verify performance.

• Fiduciary The fiduciary owes an obligation to carry out the responsibilities with the utmost degree of good faith, honesty, integrity, loyalty and undivided service.

• Legally Good governance requires a fair legal framework that is enforced impartially. It also requires full protection of human rights.

• Accountability Accountability is the cornerstone of leadership. Decisions must be made with the utmost degree of clarity, communication and timely reporting.

• Evaluate Evaluate strengths and weaknesses of programs, policies, procedures, personnel and technology.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 69 FINANCIAL

• Zonta International has sustainable financial resources that support current activities and provide for long-term growth. • Provide adequate and sustainable financial resources through membership dues. • Ensure that appropriate fiduciary practices that are in accordance with applicable financial reporting standards are in place and are followed. • Provide appropriate, comprehensible and timely financial information. CREDIBILITY AND VISIBILITY

• Promote externally and internally the Objects, goals, advocacy, programs, projects and accomplishments of Zonta International. • Use of media to advance the Objects and Mission of Zonta International. • Develop and implement at all levels of Zonta communication and marketing plans. • Use communication and marketing plans to connect with: donors, governments and authorities that Zonta wishes to influence. MEMBERSHIP

• Achieve a net increase in the number of members. • Ensure that the members of each club represent a wide variety of occupations. • Promote responsible recruiting, rejuvenating, retaining, classifying and orienting of new members. • Encourage clubs to recruit qualified members with an interest in the global mission of Zonta International. • Continue review to achieve a more effective district division. • Promote mentoring for a sustainable membership. UNITED NATIONS (UN)

• Actively promote and support the programs and advocacy of the UN, its agencies and Zonta International for the advancement of women. • Contribute to the development and implementation of the UN Committee’s work by disseminating information from the Zonta International UN Committee observers in Geneva, New York, Paris and Vienna. • Utilize briefings, meetings and conferences such as the Commission on the Status of Women to engage more effectively in women’s rights globally.

70 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS • Develop concrete methods in which districts and clubs could support UN efforts to advance the status of women, such as UN Convention on the Elimination of All forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), Millennium Development Goals, and Beijing Platform for Action. LEGISLATIVE AWARENESS AND ADVOCACY (LAA)

• Promote LAA activities which improve the status of women at the local, district and global levels. • Expand resources to assist members and clubs to be effective advocates in their communities. • Ensure that all service projects promote advocacy by linking to one or more of Zonta’s Objects. • Report on successful advocacy activities through the Zonta International website. • Work closely with all International Committees to emphasize the benefits of advocacy which enhance the status of women. • Encourage districts to check their country’s reports to CEDAW as well as “shadow” reports to identify advocacy opportunities. • Disseminate information to members through newsletters via governors and district LAA chairmen and via the Zonta Inter- national website. • Become the “leading advocate” on status of women issues by focusing on advocacy which embraces CEDAW Articles 1-16. SERVICE

• Promote international service projects that improve women’s legal rights, health, education, economic status and end violence against women and enhance women’s self esteem. • Promote international projects that combine service and legislative awareness and advocacy. • Honor our commitment to the United Nations and its service-providing agencies. • Promote and disseminate information externally and internally about the projects. • Promote funding to sustain the Zonta International Service projects. AMELIA EARHART FELLOWSHIP AWARDS (AE)

• Promote and disseminate information externally and internally about the Fellowships. • Recommend changes to program procedures as needed, including updates and changes to the application forms and guidelines. • Encourage clubs and districts to keep in touch with current and past AE Fellows for prospective membership. • Encourage current AE Fellows to participate in Zonta events. • Promote funding to sustain the AE Fellowship program.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 71 YOUNG WOMEN IN PUBLIC AFFAIRS (YWPA)

• Promote and disseminate information externally and internally about the Awards. • Recommend changes to program procedures as needed, including updates and changes to the application forms and guidelines. • Encourage clubs to have awards for the club YWPA participants. • Encourage clubs and districts to keep in touch with current and past YWPA Award recipients for prospective membership. • Encourage current YWPA Award recipients to participate in Zonta events. • Promote funding to sustain the YWPA Awards program. JANE M KLAUSMAN SCHOLARSHIPS (JMK)

• Promote and disseminate information externally and internally about the Scholarships. • Recommend changes to program procedures as needed, including updates and changes to the application forms and guidelines. • Encourage clubs and districts to make club/district scholarships. • Encourage clubs and districts to keep in touch with current and past JMK Scholarship recipients for prospective membership. • Encourage current JMK Scholarship recipients to participate in Zonta events. • Promote funding to sustain the JMK Scholarship program. Z AND GOLDEN Z CLUB

• Promote and disseminate information externally and internally about Z and Golden Z Clubs. • Recommend changes to program procedures as needed, including updates and changes to the Emma Conlon application forms and guidelines. • Encourage clubs to organize and support Z Clubs and Golden Z Clubs to: promote the Objects of Zonta International, develop leadership skills, serve the community, and improve global understanding through service. • Encourage Z Club and Golden Z Club members to participate in Zonta events. • Promote mentoring for a sustainable Z Club and Golden Z Club membership.

72 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS AS THE CORPORATE MEMBER OF ZONTA INTERNATIONAL FOUNDATION

• Promote contributions to the Zonta International Foundation through club and personal contributions and planned gift giving and donor development by: • Encouraging every club to contribute annually to the Zonta International Foundation one-third (33%) of local funds raised. • Encouraging Zontians to make an individual annual gift to the Zonta International Foundation. • Encouraging Zontians to investigate and consider a planned gift to the Zonta International Foundation. • Securing strategies for external donors when appropriate.

2010–2012 FOUNDATION FUNDRAISING GOALS

Total …………………………...…...…….. US$3,758,000

International Service Fund ……..…….… US$1,500,000

ZISVAW …………………………...... …… US$ 630,000

Rose Fund ……………………...... ……… US$ 650,000

Amelia Earhart Fellowship Fund ...... … US$ 700,000

Jane M. Klausman Women in Business Scholarship Fund ……...... …. US$ 184,000

Young Women in Public Affairs Fund ……………..……..………… US$ 94,000

*The minimum Foundation goal for this biennium is to raise a total of US$3,758,000 to support the programs and projects of Zonta In- ternational. To sustain the future of the women we are committed to help, we need to surpass this goal.

INTERNATIONAL SERVICE PROGRAM IN THE BIENNIUM 2010–2012

The Zonta International Service Program (ISP) seeks to improve the legal, political, economic, educational and/or health status of women in developing countries or countries in transition. The International Service Program projects are administered and monitored by Zonta International and funded through contributions to the International Service Fund of the Zonta International Foundation.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 73 Total biennium 2010-2012 ISP funding of 1,500,000 USD is apportioned as follows:

• 500,000 USD to Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Gender-Based Violence in Rwanda, a project in cooperation with UNICEF

• 500,000 USD to the Elimination of Obstetric Fistula and the Reduction of Maternal and Newborn Mortality and Morbidity in Liberia, a project in cooperation with UNFPA

• 500,000 USD to Safe Cities for Women Project in Guatemala City, Guatemala and San Salvador, El Salvador, a project in cooperation with UNIFEM.

Prevention of Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV and Gender-Based Violence in Rwanda— a project in cooperation with United Nations Children’s Fund (UNICEF) 2010–2012 FUNDING: US$500,000

GOALS/SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES

Overall Project Goals To focus on prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV by supporting evidence generation for result- based programming, modeling interventions for the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV to infants at district level, strengthening the EID (early infant diagnosis) program, ensuring routine provision of family package services in 20 UNICEF supported PMTCT sites; and supporting the newly established pilot center at Kacyiru Hospital and the center initiated in Gihundwe Hospital in piloting a sustainable system for prevention and holistic support to survivors of domestic and gender-based violence.

PMTCT specific objectives are:

1. Support evidence-based programming through evaluation of impact of the national PMTCT program on rates of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of HIV at 6-weeks postpartum and through comprehensive assessment of family package program.

2. Model and document the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV to infant at district level.

3. Strengthen the EID program through improved transportation system for DBS (dried blood spot sample and PCR (polymerase chain reaction) results between sites and NRL (National Reference Labo- ratory) and mentoring to sites staffed by TRACPlus (Treatment and Care AIDS Research Centre).

74 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 4. Support the PMTCT family package services model and ensure routine provision of comprehensive PMTCT services in 20 UNICEF supported PMTCT sites.

Domestic and gender-based violence specific objectives are:

1. Increase access for cases of GBV (gender-based violence) seeking services, through increased knowledge and increased quality of services to survivors of violence.

2. Strengthen the capacity among key service providers in one stop center and in surrounding health centers and hospitals, particularly among PMTCT service providers, and improve referral of cases and quality of services to survivors of violence.

3. Improve the capacity for resilience among survivors and families and decrease the incidence of acute traumatic stress developing into post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of violence.

BACKGROUND/SUMMARY

The challenges facing Rwanda’s women and children are in many aspects unique. Rwanda, after the 1994 genocide and war, was largely a country of women and children; 16 years after the genocide many women and children are still vulnerable. Treating HIV-positive women, preventing transmission of the virus to their offspring, and giving women access to health care and reproductive health services, as well as preventing and responding to the violence awoken by the brutalization of the society during the genocide, are critical issues for the development of the country. Any additional vulnerability of women has serious repercussions for the country and its children. Rwanda already has one of the world’s highest concentrations of orphans due to the genocide, and deaths of HIV-positive mothers have created a second wave of orphans. Linked to the transmission of HIV is domestic and gender-based violence (GBV), worsened by the loss of social capital and protective structures in the genocide. The consequences of domestic and GBV can span generations, and the effects of violent behavior tend to stay with children long after childhood. Insufficient medical, psychosocial and legal care also creates lifelong physical and mental trauma for survivors. Equally of concern is transmission of the virus from a HIV-positive mother to her infant during pregnancy, childbirth or through breastfeeding. To meet the urgent needs of Rwanda’s women and children, this project proposes to focus on:

• prevention of mother–to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) by supporting evidence-based programming, modeling interventions to demonstrate elimination of vertical HIV transmission to infants at district level, and provision of the family package services in 20 UNICEF supported PMTCT sites;

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 75 • further support and expanded modeling of holistic care and support centers for survivors of domestic and GBV in collaboration with UN sister agencies and the government of Rwanda in order to have comprehensive and well-functioning support structures, including medical, legal, psychosocial and police support that can be replicated nationwide.

Adding another dimension to the prevention of the transmission of the virus and the support given to those who are positive, holistic services to survivors of domestic and gender-based violence, with accurate medical, psychosocial, legal and police response, advocacy and awareness-raising in communities with local authorities and government, will have several positive effects, including prevention of the transmission of the virus through accurate medical response, lessening the trauma of domestic and sexual abuse, preventing risky sexual behavior, ensuring legal redress and bringing an end to the impunity for domestic and GBV. These effects, in turn, will contribute to reduced vulnerability of young people to HIV infection resulting from rape; it will also help prevent unintended pregnancies among HIV-positive women and prevent violence against HIV positive women who disclose their status.

The strategic vision is to collaborate with the government, UN agencies and donors to set up so called “One Stop Centers” providing holistic care and support to survivors of domestic and gender-based violence in all 5 provinces in Rwanda. These “One Stop Centers” will be centers for referral, and the program will include training of a multitude of different stakeholders to give them the ability to support survivors when they can and to know when referral is needed. This proposal proposes to support the newly established pilot center at Kacyiru Hospital in Kigali and to support the center initiated in Rusizi District in the southwest on the border of the Congo.

Conditions in Rwanda are currently ideal for expansion of HIV programs, especially for PMTCT services. Rwanda is also extraordi- nary for its national commitment to gender equality and is in a good position to put laws and policies on gender into practice. After the cataclysm of 1994, the country has made significant progress. Its democratically-elected government has a leadership committed to reconciliation, justice and development and an unprecedented representation by women with the Constitution of 2003 referencing CEDAW and including a provision for the equal rights of men and women. Infrastructure is improving, as is efficiency through decen- tralization.

76 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS RWANDA’S RESPONSE TO THE HIV/AIDS EPIDEMIC

Rwanda’s leadership is committed to fighting the HIV/AIDS epidemic, and numerous structures and policies support a commitment to solutions that will take years and greater resources than currently exist to implement them. Rwanda has been working with international and local development partners to increase access and improve service quality. The president’s office supervises the Na- tional AIDS Control Commission. The Treatment and Research Aids Center (TRAC) was created within the Ministry of Health to define treatment and care standards and to provide training and certifica- tion in HIV/AIDS prevention and care. In addition, Rwanda’s decentralized administrative structure will provide better management; and the government is addressing transitional issues in coverage and staff. The President and First Lady are personally involved in public-awareness and anti-discrimination campaigns, as well as in improving programs.

Key HIV/AIDS policies and frameworks are in place. Rwanda has made its 2009-2012 National Strategic Plan to fight against HIV/ AIDS more results-based and is emphasizing better prevention, increased mitigation, and improved coordination, monitoring and evaluation. Several ministries have developed HIV/AIDS plans; the Ministry of Health’s National Treatment Plan includes free access to antiretroviral therapy for vulnerable groups. Umbrella groups have been created to improve coordination among the HIV/AIDS donor- government cluster, nongovernmental organizations, people living with HIV/AIDS, faith-based organizations, the media, the National Youth Council and the National Women’s Council. A condom policy highlights equity of access, neutrality by religious bodies regarding condom use, and integration of condoms in a reproductive health package. A policy for orphans and vulnerable children defines mechanisms for socioeconomic support.

RESPONSES TO DOMESTIC AND GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE

Rwanda is remarkable for its national commitment to gender equality. The government has also shown strong commitment to preventing and responding to gender-based violence and violence against children, evidenced by a newly adopted GBV law; a GBV policy is on the way and the law on violence against children is being revised. Practical measures to protect women and children include:

• 70 Gender Desks at police stations set up to provide rapid response and prevention of GBV,

• Establishment of a toll free telephone number for reporting gender-based violence cases,

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 77 • Special police staff trained to follow up on gender-based violence cases at 69 police stations in the country,

• Campaigns on child rights and protection against gender-based violence carried out through workshops between local leaders and security organs,

• Gender Focal Points in 34 government hospitals.

Moreover, the urgent need for efficient response to violence has been recognized by the Rwanda National Police and UN agencies. In 2009, the Rwanda National Police Health Services, in partnership with the United Nations in Rwanda, signed an agreement to open a pilot “One Stop Center” in a hospital in Kigali. This pilot “One Stop Center” is supported by UNIFEM, UNFPA and UNICEF and offers coordinated medical, legal and psychosocial services to violence survivors at no cost and in one place, located inside a hospital in order to avoid stigmatization. Early statistics from the center indicate the magnitude of the need for support for survivors of violence in Rwanda, with children as the main victims. The “One Stop Center Project” uses a multitude of ways to address gaps with regards to prevention and to respond to gender-based violence and violence against children. Program components include: the creation of a safe space within a hospital with medical, psychosocial, legal and police capacity to give accurate and timely services to survivors of violence; to build capacity of key service providers such as health center personnel, police, psychosocial service providers, legal service providers, district and sector authorities to ensure knowledge on how to handle GBV and violence against children (interview techniques, medical examination, evidence collection, psychological help, legal aid, etc.) and how to make referrals; awareness-raising on gender-based violence and violence against children in order to change social norms and behaviors; and research and data collection systems.

PROJECT ACTIVITIES / PREVENTION OF MOTHER-TO-CHILD TRANSMISSION OF HIV ACTIVITIES

Objective 1 Support the evidence-based programming through evaluation of impact of the national PMTCT program on rates of mother-to-child transmission of HIV at 6-weeks post-partum and by comprehensive assessment of family package program

Activity 1: Evaluation of the facility-based impact of national PMTCT program While Rwanda has achieved progress in scaling up PMTCT interventions, data from routine PMTCT reports (2008) showed that the rate of MTCT was still high (6.8 %) at 9 months. With the introduction of more efficacious ARV (anti-retroviral) regi- mens and early infant diagnosis using DBS/PCR, it is anticipated

78 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS that the 6-week transmission rate of HIV will significantly decrease, and hence the 9 to18 months transmission rates will also decrease. This evaluation will be the first national-level evaluation of the effectiveness of the PMTCT program at 6-weeks post-partum. An official request for support of this evaluation was expressed to UNICEF by the Rwandan government.

Activity 2: Evaluation of the family package approach to PMTCT services; UNICEF has supported the family package project since 2005, in 5 and then 7 PMTCT sites implemented through Imbuto Foundation, the First Lady’s NGO. The family package builds on the success of routine PMTCT services to provide services aimed at mitigating the socioeconomic and psychosocial impact of HIV/ AIDS at the family level through capacity building and access to loans for income-generating activities, and community mobilization for partner participation in the PMTCT program. UNICEF will provide technical and financial support to IMBUTO Foundation to conduct an evaluation of the family package project in order to document its processes and results, as well as inform the ways forward regarding its potential for expansion.

Objective 2 Model and document the elimination of vertical transmission of HIV to infant at district level

Rwanda is on track toward universal access to HIV testing and to ARV prophylaxis for pregnant women and children in need by 2010. In 2008, 75% of pregnant women attending ANC (anti-natal clinic) were tested for HIV, and about 68% of HIV+ women received ARV prophylaxis for PMTCT. Most importantly, about two-thirds of pregnant women eligible for HAART (highly active antiretroviral therapy) received it during pregnancy. Considering these achievements, Rwanda would like to model this program at the district level and document the elimination of vertical HIV transmission to infant in order to guide a national elimination program within the next three years.

Activity 1: District-wide coverage of comprehensive PMTCT services The focus will be on ensuring full coverage of all health facilities in a district with comprehensive PMTCT interventions. A mapping of PMTCT and ART (anti-retroviral therapy) service coverage will guide the identification of gaps (rehabilitation, capacity building and equipment for initiation of routine PMTCT and ART services, tools and job aids for program implementation, systems for CD4 assessment and HAART initiation, routine follow-up of mother-infant pairs including early infant diagnosis of HIV and cotrimoxazole prophylaxis, etc.).

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 79 Activity 2: District-wide surveillance system for HIV infection in children Surveillance data will be critical to assess trends in new HIV infection in infants and children, tracking and assessing missed opportunities, and further targeting interventions. An active district-wide surveillance system will be established and coordinated by the district health team, with one focal point per participating health facility.

Activity 3: Partnership building and community participation Under district health authority leadership, all HIV partners in the district will participate in the initiative through a joint district elimination plan, defining roles and responsibilities of each stake- holder, and mechanisms for accountability. Synergy among partners will be critical to reach full coverage and ensure standardization during implementation. Community participation is critical to ensure uptake of services and non-stigmatization of HIV+ individuals en- rolled in the PMTCT services. Involvement of local authorities and community leaders will be critical in sustaining momentum toward defined goals.

Objective 3 Strengthen the EID program through improved transportation system for DBS sample and PCR-results between sites and NRL, and mentoring to sites staffed by TRACPlus

Activity 1: Support of NRL in establishing an effective transportation system for DBS samples from health facilities UNICEF will support, in collaboration with other partners, the design of an effective, safe and locally feasible transportation system to reduce delay between sites and the national laboratory for samples and results transmission. The transportation system will broadly benefit other biological samples (tuberculosis, etc.).

Activity 2: Support of NRL and TRAC-Plus in revising tools and job aids for EID and mentoring health providers for implementation of routine EID services UNICEF will support updating of the laboratory training modules for EID to align them with the most up-to-date PMTCT/pediatric guidelines, including tools (algorithms, patient charts, registers, wall chart, DBS form, sample transportation form, etc.). UNICEF will also advocate for integration of EID module into the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) module. UNICEF will also ensure that the mentoring of EID services is integrated into the PMTCT/pediatric mentoring package (checklist, SOP, Modules, etc.).

Objective 4 Support the PMTCT family package services model and ensure routine provision of comprehensive PMTCT services in 20 UNICEF supported PMTCT sites

80 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS UNICEF will continue to provide technical and financial support to 20 PMTCT sites and respective districts for the routine provision of the PMTCT package. In addition, the 7 existing family package sites will be supported, and rehabilitation of the antenatal and maternal and child health unit for two sites (Ruhengeri Muhoza and Matyazo health centers) will be completed. The family package program will introduce exchange programs for Mother Support Groups, locally and in the neighboring countries to allow generation of new ideas for IGAs (income generating activities).

Project Activities / Prevention and Response to Domestic and Gender-Based Violence Activities

Objective 1 Increase access for cases of GBV seeking services, through increased knowledge and increased quality of services to survivors of violence

Activity 1: Support the already existing hotline at the Kacyiru Hospi- tal to cover a larger area and to function more effectively.

Activity 2: Conduct awareness-raising on domestic and gender- based violence in order to change social norms and behaviors.

Activity 3: Organize awareness-raising campaigns using participatory methods in communities and with local authorities in Rusizi and Kigali Districts.

Objective 2 Strengthen the capacity among key service providers in one stop center and in surrounding health centers and hospitals, particularly among PMTCT service providers, and improve referral of cases and quality of services to survivors of violence

UNICEF will support capacity building of key service providers, such as health center personnel, police, psychosocial service providers, legal service providers, and district and sector authorities to ensure knowledge on how to handle GBV and violence against children (interview techniques, medical examination, evidence collection, psychological help, legal aid, etc.) and how to make referrals. Particular attention will be given to train people at the health center in order to establish a pool of trainers in the country with expertise on how to handle domestic and GBV, with particular focus on children. The project will also give specific attention to building a link between ANC and PMTCT services, training personnel and documentation for further scale-up.

Activity 1: To build capacity of 20 core staff at Kacyiru one stop center in Multidisciplinary Investigative Techniques, including training, teamwork exercise and the development of materials for well carried out interviews, examinations and psychological help to all survivors with specific focus on children and infants (pre-verbal).

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 81 Activity 2: To build a pool of 10 trainers in Multidisciplinary Investi- gative Techniques able to carry out trainings and function as experts in the country.

Activity 3: To pilot trainings with health center personnel in at least 10 sites (5 in Rusizi and 5 in Kigali Districts), with particular focus on ANC and PMTCT clinics.

Activity 4: To build capacity of the multidisciplinary team to conduct forensic interviews and ensure that perpetrators are tracked and convicted,

Activity 5: To develop research and data collection systems for effective monitoring and evaluation and evidence-based planning.

Objective 3 Improve the capacity for resilience among survivors and families and decrease the incidence of acute traumatic stress developing into post-traumatic stress disorder among survivors of violence

Activity 1: To set up a fund for vulnerable women in order to give all survivors coming to the center services free of charge and to be able to pilot group psychosocial counseling with survivors of violence using the model of the PMTCT group counseling, including transport costs and hospital fees for women suffering from fistula and other domestic and gender-based violence injuries that the one stop center does not have the expertise to treat.

UNICEF HEADQUARTERS PROJECT SUPPORT

With support from Zonta, UNICEF—through this project - will contribute fuel for the already existing vehicles to enhance monitoring visits and administrative support of the project, including site visits and trainings. The grant will also support procurement of comput- ers, office supplies and fuel, and provide partial support towards the contract of the administrative staff and project officer for technical, financial and logistical support.

Technical and administrative project support covers the standard seven (7) percent administrative cost for UNICEF Headquarters. This will also ensure the provision of oversight from HIV section at UNICEF, New York

82 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Elimination of Obstetric Fistula and the Reduction of Maternal and Newborn Mortality and Morbidity in Liberia—a project in cooperation with United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) 2010–2012 Funding: US$500,000

BACKGROUND/SUMMARY

Obstetric fistula is a hole in the birth canal caused by prolonged obstructed labor without prompt medical intervention, usually a Cae- sarean section. Fistula results in chronic incontinence and, in most cases, a stillborn baby. Like maternal mortality, fistula is almost en- tirely preventable. However, at least 2 million women in Africa, Asia and the Arab region are living with the condition, and some 50,000 to 100,000 new cases develop each year. The persistence of fistula is a signal that health systems are failing to meet the needs of women. Obstetric fistula occurs disproportionately among impoverished girls and women, especially those living far from medical services and as a result has been a long neglected health issue.

Liberia has an estimated population of 3.8 million with a high maternal mortality ratio estimated at 1200 deaths per 100,000 live births. According to the Liberia DHS (Demographic and Health Survey, 2007), more than 50% of deliveries are done outside of health facilities, and the contraceptive prevalence rate is low at approximately 11%. While the exact obstetric fistula prevalence rate is unknown, available data on key indicators and initial information gathered as part of a 2006 fistula situational analysis provides indicative information that fistula is a major problem. Key quantitative and qualitative data gathered in the 2006 situation analysis include that prolonged labor accounted for 87% of fistula cases, more than 55% of patients lived with fistula for more than 2 years before receiving treatment and 57% of women living with fistula were rejected by their husbands.

As a major contributing factor, the country has recently emerged from fifteen years of civil crisis, which has negatively affected the country’s social and economic development. As the country re- builds, it faces major challenges, including the rebuilding of health infrastructure. For example, by 1997, the Liberian civil war that start- ed in 1989 had destroyed the functionality of 74% of the hospitals and 71% of the health centers and clinics.

In response to findings and recognized need, the Liberia Ministry of Health and Social Welfare, in collaboration with UNFPA, launched a fistula program in April 2007. The programmatic efforts commenced with renovations of the fistula ward at JF Kennedy Hospital in Mon- rovia, with fistula services also provided at Redemption Hospital

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 83 (Monrovia). Additionally, outreach service provision was planned at 5 outreach centers. The program design also included key ele- ments on outreach and education that linked to prevention efforts, training of health providers in EmOC (emergency obstetric care) and fistula management, and rehabilitation of fistula patients following treatment.

The Zonta funding of the fistula program has been catalytic in nature and supported the transition of the program from its “pilot” phase toward a “tipping-point.” This transition is illustrated through the rapid growth of the project - starting with one ward at JFK Hospital in Monrovia; the program is now active in 9 of the 15 Liberian counties. Additionally, the support from Zonta and corresponding results encouraged other donor investment in the Liberia fistula program. Specifically, Johnson & Johnson has pledged funding to support this project from 2009–2011. The capacity to increasingly provide high quality prevention, treatment and reintegration services has been and is continually being developed. The national momentum is now at a high level, and continued funding will ensure ongoing progress and growth of this program.

GOALS/STRATEGIES

The proposal outlines the implementation of the Liberia fistula program, within the context of the Reproductive Health Component of Liberia UNFPA and with a focus on the Poverty Reduction Strategy (PRS) of Liberia. The plan focuses on activities to prevent, treat and manage obstetric fistula and also to rehabilitate and reintegrate patients who have been treated with the focus of empowering them economically. This approach will continue to contribute to the national efforts for the reduction of maternal and newborn morbidity and mortality.

The Liberia fistula program will build upon the experiences and progress to date and will continue to focus on key strategic interventions. These activities will be implemented in at least 9 (nine) counties in Liberia: Montserrado, Bomi, Grand Bassa, Bong, Nimba, Grand Gedeh, Maryland, Sinoe and Grand Kru Counties.

The main areas of work will be:

a. Continue to raise awareness and conduct outreach among communities and health care providers;

b. Continue to train and strengthen capacity of health care providers in the provision of basic and comprehensive EmOC;

c. Continue to support the delivery of fistula treatment (through equipping of facilities and training of medical providers);

84 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS d. Continue to support reintegration of treated fistula survivors; and e. Strengthen partnerships.

SUSTAINABILITY

The sustainability of the program will be achieved through the provision of viable solutions for scaling up activities and the replication of these activities throughout the country. The national momentum to deliver high quality fistula prevention and treatment services can be seen in the rapid growth and expansion of the efforts. With the ongoing government commitment to revitalize the health sector, the program continues to serve as an excellent entry point to accelerate the reactivation of the National Health Service delivery throughout the country.

AWARENESS-RAISING AND BEHAVIOR CHANGE

Develop information and advocacy materials (e.g. posters, flyers and billboards) on fistula prevention with community participation. Identify baseline and increase knowledge about perceived fistula- related harmful practices and prevention among TBAs (traditional birth attendants), community leaders, caregivers, husbands, stu- dents in 9 Medical institutions & 9 high schools, female journalists and fistula survivors. As part of this area of work, the project will also document the activities carried out in the country, developing communication/advocacy products for target audiences, including a documentary; gather evidence about fistula in the country and the work carried out with the support of UNFPA and its partners, regis- tering changes over time, testimonies of fistula survivors, successes and challenges.

HUMAN RESOURCES

Well-trained and available human resources are integral to the fistula program implementation. As detailed above, this program addresses fistula prevention and treatment through training of providers in basic and comprehensive EmOC and fistula surgical skills. The training of human resources will take place in 10 counties. To ensure progress in the implementation, monitoring and reporting, the program recommends the continued engagement of the fistula program manager, a national accountant and a driver.

TRAINING NEEDS

An external training will be conducted for 2 doctors and 1 anesthetist in Nigeria for the treatment of complex fistula cases. Ongoing training and opportunity to exchange skills with providers is important to build regional capacity and facilitate south-south cooperation.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 85 Training will also be conducted in Liberia to ensure quality fistula case management. Doctors and anesthetists in at least 10 counties will receive training in fistula treatment and management. One part of the training will focus on the upgrade of skills and knowledge of at least 30 rotating professional medical staff (nurses, midwives) in pre- and post-operative care and clinical management of rape t o address those cases resulting either directly or indirectly from sexual violence.

DRUGS AND MEDICAL SUPPLIES

In order to ensure quality care and treatment, essential drugs and medical equipment, including plastic aprons and sheets, syringes and needles, sutures, antiseptics and detergents, will be provided to 12 selected hospitals in at least 9 counties.

SKILLS TRAINING AND STARTER KITS

A proportion of the women receiving fistula treatment will receive skills training to empower them to reenter their communities and have economic opportunities in the future. As part of this training process, women will be provided lodging, literacy and vocational skills and medical care at the Rehabilitation Center in Monrovia. Women will receive post-training starter kits to facilitate their engagement in income-generating activities and their reentry into their communities. A sub-set of these women (15) will be trained as community and national maternal health advocates.

PARTNERSHIP

Within the context of the RH (Reproductive Health) Program, support will be provided for the development of a sub-committee tasked with coordination of maternal health, with a specific focus on obstetric fistula program efforts. This programmatic component will strengthen key partnerships and inter-agency collaboration, including the collaboration between the fistula project team, the Ministry of Health and the county health teams from the counties and LPMM.

MONITORING & EVALUATION

The agreed upon monitoring framework is included in the annual work plans for the overall Liberia fistula program. The annual work plan is prepared at the close of each calendar year. The monitoring plan is agreed upon by the MOH&SW, UNFPA and JFK Hospital. A short set of global indicators, agreed upon within the context of the global Campaign to End Fistula (2005), is reported upon annually. The results of the monitoring and evaluation will inform decision-making and contribute to shaping policies and improving interventions.

86 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS The County Health Teams conduct monthly monitoring of progress made in the facilities providing basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care and send reports to the Family Health Division, MOH. The Family Health Division shares reports with partners during quarterly coordination meetings.

Monitoring and supervision from the central level is conducted quarterly through team visits, including the Chief Medical Office (MOH) and the project manager (UNFPA).

The fistula surgeon at JFK will make a presentation of fistula treatment results to the members of the RH Committee every 6 months. One of these presentations will correspond with the Annual Project Review (scheduled in October) that is chaired by the MOH.

PROJECT ACTIVITIES

Objective 1 Raising awareness among communities and health care providers

Activity 1: Meet with influential groups and discuss maternal newborn health (MNH)

Activity 2: Identify the cultural beliefs and practices as they relate to MNH

Activity 3: Select and improve cultural practices that enhance/promote safe MNH care

Activity 4: Increase IEC/BCC (information, education and communication/behavioral change communication) on the elimination of harmful practices

Activity 5: Develop IEC & BCC materials of obstetric fistula

Activity 6: Identify and train youth leaders, women groups, community leaders and religious leaders

Activity 7: Mobilize Community Health Committees to establish transport plans

Activity 8: Distribute family planning supplies to communities

Objective 2 Training health care providers in the provision of basic and comprehensive emergency obstetric care (EmOC)

Activity 1: Reinforce the use of the partograph at MNH facilities

Activity 2: Upgrade knowledge of 30 Medical Staff from 10 project sites in pre and post operation fistula case management

Activity 3: Provide family planning commodities and services at MNH facilities

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 87 Objective 3: Support for the delivery of fistula treatment (through equipping of facilities and training of medical providers)

Activity 1: Operational and administrative cost for outreach facilities

Activity 2: Operational cost of fistula wards at Obstetric Fistula (OF) Centers

Activity 3: Equipment for fistula wards

Objective 4: Support for reintegration of treated fistula survivors

Activity 1: Training of survivors in life skills

Activity 2: Starter kits and toiletries

Activity 3: Operations and logistics

Objective 5 Strengthening of partnerships

Activity 1: Coordination meetings

Activity 2: Advocacy meetings and campaigns

UNFPA HEADQUARTERS SUPPORT

Technical and administrative support covers the standard seven (7) per cent administrative cost for UNFPA Headquarters. This will ensure the provision and oversight from UNFPA.

88 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Safe Cities for Women Project in Guatemala City, Guatemala and in San Salvador, El Salvador, a project in cooperation with United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) 2010–2012 Funding: US$500,000

PROBLEM DEFINITION/BACKGROUND

Urban violence in Latin America is an increasing phenomenon, with a murder rate 114 percent higher than the world average. Urban violence in Guatemala and El Salvador has rates of violent homicides even above the regional average. As these nations urbanize, there is a growing sense of insecurity among the population—especially among women, who are particularly vulnerable to violence in private and public spaces.

The root causes of increasing violence against women (VAW) in Guatemala and El Salvador are complex. Recently ended civil wars have contributed to a culture of violence in which armed violence is used to resolve conflict and disputes. Worsening economic conditions, lack of employment opportunities, and repatriation of gang members and criminals compound the situation, resulting in an increase in drug trafficking and violent gangs. Amidst this social insecurity, women are at even higher risk of violence due to the subordi- nate position of women in society.

In Guatemala, more than 3,200 Guatemalan women have been kidnapped, murdered, and in many cases, raped, tortured and mu- tilated in the last seven years. This phenomenon has recently ac- celerated, resulting in more than 600 murders of women in 2006 alone. In El Salvador, the second most violent country in the region, an estimated 1,000 women were murdered between 1999 and 2005. Victims in both countries are often young women from low income families who have relocated to cities during times of conflict or economic hardship, and are forced to live in densely populated and dangerous slums while they seek work or any means of subsist- ence. These rising rates of violence against women have alarmed women’s organizations, national governments and the international community.

While these circumstances are challenging, they do not diminish women’s capacity to make their cities and their lives safer. Meas- ures can be taken to adapt urban planning and policies to meet the particular needs of women in an urban environment and help ensure that women living in big cities are not at additional risk of violence simply due to their urban environment.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 89 UNIFEM’S ‘SAFE CITIES FOR WOMEN’ PROJECT

UNIFEM is proposing to build on the progress and results achieved from the first phase of the program in Guatemala City and in San Salvador that is part of a Regional Program to promote “Safe Cities for Women”. The main objective of the Regional Program and the proposed project is to strengthen women’s right to active citizenship in order to reduce public and private violence against them.

The focus of this program is on urban security as a gender issue, given that in cities women are vulnerable to gender-based violence (GBV) in the private and the public sphere, where already high GBV rates are exacerbated by social violence. The project will work in close coordination with women’s organizations and networks and with local government to develop and implement public policies on urban security that include women’s issues and views, in order to prevent and address VAW in urban spaces. It implements a participatory model that has already been developed, and builds the capacity of local women’s organization to form coalitions to identify risks and advocate for their right to lives and neighbourhoods free from violence, and to participate in the planning of safe neighbourhoods with local authorities.

The project will also increase awareness on the issues on GBV and urban security among the public, including women and local decision makers, using media campaigns as well as existing information to inform public debate among policy makers and advocacy among the communities’ women’s organizations and networks.

For this second phase, the program will deepen the work done in the local communities in Guatemala and El Salvador and focus its efforts on the most violent districts of Guatemala City and San Salvador to increase visibility and impact with the dissemination of information on violence against women in urban spaces. In addition, there will be efforts to replicate the experience in all districts of capital cities and incorporate the issue of violence against women and HIV/AIDS.

PROJECT SUMMARY

The increases in rates of violence against women in Guatemala and El Salvador have alarmed the national and international communities. UNIFEM is proposing to address this situation, while strengthening women’s rights to active citizenship in order to reduce public and private violence, particularly urban violence. The Safe Cities for Women initiative has been implemented in the capitals of these countries where the highest incidence of violence occurs: Guate- mala City with the Municipality of Guatemala y de Livingston and San Salvador with the municipalities of San Salvador, Santa Tecla and Suchitoto.

90 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Through the proposed project, UNIFEM has increased knowledge on the link between urban violence and gender-based violence (GBV) to inform ongoing debates on urban security, ensure that GBV is included in urban security plans and policies, and that development of these plans includes the active participation of women’s organizations and includes a gender perspective; strengthen the capacity of women’s networks and organizations to influence local governments.

In Guatemala, women’s organizations have submitted proposals to local authorities to improve public spaces taking into account their needs and have made exploratory walks in 3 districts to identify in- secure spaces. The proposals of the women have been presented by them, not only to local police authorities but also to congressional representatives. Among other results, through the work in Guate- mala, an abandoned house used by drug addicts and alcoholics has been transformed into a day shelter for people living with HIV/AIDS.

In El Salvador, among other results, the diagnosis of unsafe spaces has been developed in Suchitoto, creating a map that highlights the perception of local women of the places where they feel they may suffer violence. The results were presented to local authorities, the Minister of Justice and Public Security and the National Director of the National Civil Police, who committed to advance the implementation of the recommendations.

For the next phase, 2010, the program will focus its efforts on the most violent districts of Guatemala City and San Salvador to increase visibility and impact with the dissemination of information on violence against women in urban spaces. Also there will be efforts to replicate the experience in all districts of capital cities and incorporate the issue of violence against women and HIV/AIDS.

GOALS/OBJECTIVES, STRATEGIES AND ACTIVITIES

The goal is to strengthen the rights, citizenship and participation of women in San Salvador and Guatemala City, in order to reduce public and private violence against them. The strategic lines are:

1. Production of knowledge on gender and urban security. This includes analysis of criminal trends to effectively incorporate a gender perspective into urban safety policies, as well as developing gender-disaggregated data and statistics on gender-based violence to provide inputs for criminal trends as a tool to influence public policy.

2. Public outreach and campaigns regarding women’s security situation and their human rights through the web and media.

3. Implementation and adaptation of the program’s participatory model to incorporate a gender perspective in security policies of Guatemala City and El Salvador.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 91 4. Empowerment of women’s networks and organizations to influence authorities and security policies, forming coalitions and building capacity to advocate for urban security and safe cities for women.

5. Disseminate knowledge and best practices of the program at international and regional levels, through seminars, publications, the media and electronic platforms. This includes systematization and dissemination of methodological tools to influence urban policy- making.

6. Revision of penal codes and discriminatory legislation. This includes: addressing sexual violence through the criminalization of men’s attitudes and behaviors that are offensive to women in public spaces and which are not typified as violence against women.

STRATEGIES AND OUTCOMES

The project will be based on the following strategies:

1. Documentation and production of knowledge and information on gender and urban security to be used by networks, organizations, governments and international agencies. This includes:

• Analysis of criminal trends to effectively incorporate a gender perspective into urban safety policies, as well as developing gender-disaggregated data and statistics on gender-based violence to provide inputs for criminal trends.

• Systematization and dissemination of methodological tools to influence urban policy-making.

2. Launch public sensitization campaigns about women’s rights and the gender and security situation in the most violent districts of Guatemala City and San Salvador.

3. Empowerment of networks and women organizations to form coalitions, use information, assess security in neighbourhoods (walk through assessments) and build skills to influence governments and the institutions in charge of public policies on security.

4. Revision of penal codes and discriminatory legislation. This includes: addressing sexual violence through the criminalization of men’s attitudes and behaviors that are offensive to women in public spaces and which are not typified as violence against women.

Outcomes of this project are:

1. Increased knowledge on the link between urban violence and gender to inform ongoing debates on violence and urban security.

92 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 2. Gender-based violence is included in the agendas of stakeholders from social organizations and governments in Guatemala City and San Salvador

3. Urban development plans are formulated with the active participation of women’s organizations, civil society and local authorities, and include a gender perspective.

4. Women’s networks and organizations have the capacity to influence local governments to include gender issues and women’s safety in public policies.

SUSTAINABILITY AND REPLICATION

This proposal is part of the aforementioned Regional “Safe Cit- ies for Women” Program implemented by UNIFEM and its local and regional partners in Rosario, Argentina; Santiago, Chile and Bogotá, Colombia and Brazil. The coordination of this program sits in UNIFEM’s Subregional Office for Brazil and the Southern Cone. The Regional Program is supported by the Spanish Development Cooperation (AECI).

PRIMARY PARTNERSHIPS

The project works with women’s organizations and networks to strengthen their coalitions and advocacy skills. Partnerships have been established with key municipal authorities (mayor, planning and security offices, police, etc.) responsible for planning, implementing and monitoring urban security policies and programs and key national authorities. Communications media are important partners for public outreach and awareness-raising about gender discrimination and security risks in urban areas, as well as for promoting safe neighborhoods in Guatemala City and San Salvador. UNIFEM will also continue and strengthen its collaboration with other UN and international development agencies.

POPULATION SERVED BY PROJECT

The project will be implemented in areas of poorest neighborhoods of these capital cities, including some 600 families in each or a total population of approximately 3,000 to 3,500 people in each city neighborhood. Women and NGOs in the inner cities and surrounding areas will directly benefit from capacity-building efforts, and entire neighborhoods of women, men and their families will benefit from improved urban planning and policies.

UNIFEM ADMINISTRATION FEE

The UNIFEM administration fee is 7 percent.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 93 ZONTA INTERNATIONAL STRATEGIES TO END VIOLENCE AGAINST WOMEN (ZISWAV)

The Zonta International Strategies to End Violence Against Wom- en (ZISVAW) Program seeks to reduce the incidence of violence against women and girls by changing personal and/or political knowledge, attitudes and behaviors contributing to violence against women. Projects must be focused on preventing and ending violence against women.

In its Resolution 50/166 the UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women of 22 December 1995, the General Assembly gave the United Nations Development Fund for Women (UNIFEM) the mandate to strengthen its activities to eliminate violence against women in order to accelerate the implementation of recommendations set out in the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action. The resolution also established the Trust Fund to End Violence against Women as a key inter-agency mechanism to advance actions to address violence against women. The Trust Fund was set up in 1996 and be- came operational in 1997, with UNIFEM as the Fund’s administrator (Source: A Life Free of Violence is Our Right! UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women: 10 Years of Investment, 2007 UNIFEM).

The objectives of the ZISVAW Fund, UNIFEM and UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women match each other.

Total biennium 2010-2012 ZISVAW funding of 630,000 USD is apportioned as follows:

• 430,000 USD towards a comprehensive strategy to end burns violence against women in Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda, a project in cooperation with the United Nations De- velopment Fund for Women (UNIFEM) (administrator of the UN Trust Fund to End Violence against Women)

• 200,000 USD to Security and Empowerment for Women and their Families: Ensuring a Gender-Responsive Humanitar- ian and Early Recovery Response in Haiti, a project in cooperation with UNIFEM

94 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Towards a Comprehensive Strategy to End Burns Violence against Women in Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda, a project in cooperation with UNIFEM (administrator of the UN Trust Fund to End Violence Against Women) 2010–2012 Funding: US$430,000

BACKGROUND

Acid violence and other forms of burning are prevalent forms of violence against women and girls, especially in countries where regulatory monitoring and controls are weak, and where the judiciary, lawyers and the police have limited knowledge on the appropriate laws to prosecute perpetrators. Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI), the only organization working internationally on this issue, will collaborate with national Acid Survivor Foundations (ASF) in Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda to pilot an innovative and holistic community-based approach to address these forms of violence.

Acid violence and other forms of burning are premeditated acts that involve throwing corrosive acid at victims, a large majority of whom are women and girls. These forms of violence rarely kill but always destroy lives. In addition to the physical pain and psychological trauma, survivors face social isolation and ostracism, further damaging self-esteem and well-being, and seriously undermining their professional, economic and personal future.

It is known that acid and burns violence are widespread in Cambo- dia and tolerated by society. Cambodia’s penal code contains provisions against “torture and barbarous acts”, but these provisions do not extend to specific penalties for acid and burns violence. In Nepal, a 2005 study conducted by the Family Planning Association in eight selected districts revealed that 35 percent of women experienced burns violence. While the Nepalese Civil Code (Muluki Ain) does contain provisions related to gender-based violence, they are subject to interpretation and have shown to be ineffective in con- victing perpetrators. In Uganda, existing legal provisions to arrest, prosecute and convict those who use corrosive substances to harm others are either little known or inconsistently applied in courts of law or by police.

In this context, ASTI will pilot an intervention to reduce acid and other forms of burns violence against women and girls by improving response from the justice, police and health sectors; mobilizing communities to monitor implementation of legislation and advocate for legislation reform; and encouraging individual responsibility to end this form of gender-based violence. The pilot is based on earlier initiatives of ASTI and ASFs in Bangladesh and Pakistan that have

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 95 demonstrated the effectiveness of a holistic approach to address acid and burns violence.

The proposed intervention will commence with a comprehensive situational analysis, supported by the Leeds Metropolitan University, to verify the occurrence of burns related to gender-based violence and identify potential partners in up to nine selected communities. This research will also be used to foster debate and collaboration among a wide range of stakeholders, including international and national non-governmental organizations, national and local authorities (police, judiciary, health officials and elected representatives, including women councilors and local leaders), and community members (survivors, neighbors of victims, local community-based organizations, acid vendors, journalists etc.). Working with these partners, ASTI will engage community members, focusing on empowering women to represent and take leadership in this process. Community regulatory committees will be set up to monitor the effectiveness of existing legislation and to advocate for legislation reform. Capacity of relevant sectors for improved legal aid and referral systems for survivors at community level will be strengthened.

Through its network of international professionals, ASTI is well- positioned to enhance knowledge and capacity of ASFs, as well as of other national and local stakeholders in Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda, thus enabling each country to manage and provide its own responses to acid and other forms of burns violence against women and girls. ASTI shall also provide an information sharing platform to enhance learning experience and facilitate dissemination of lessons learned and successful efforts, along with any emerging medical, legal or social knowledge, across its entire network of ASFs. Once the project is evaluated, it is intended for adaptation and replication in other countries such as India and the Democratic Republic of Congo where burns violence is rampant.

SUMMARY

ASTI and its partners—Acid Survivors Foundations (ASFs) in Pa- kistan and Bangladesh—have been instrumental in reducing the incidence of acid attacks, changing laws and societal attitudes, and treating survivors. In Uganda, Cambodia and Nepal, burns violence is widespread and tolerated by society so ASFs there wish to have similar success by learning from and adapting some of the successful strategies used by their sister organizations.

The overall goal is to reduce acid and other forms of burns violence against women and girls.

Other anticipated outcomes are:

• Collection of reliable statistics on the regional distribution of

96 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS the incidence of acid and other forms of burns violence and a greater understanding of its causes;

• Increased awareness of the incidence and repercussion of burns violence;

• Attitude changes within local communities leading to adoption of strategies to reducing incidence;

• National recognition of the problem leading to full implementation of existing legislation and development of specific legislation where needed;

• Continuation of multi-pronged approach to reduce incidence of burns violence and to deal with its repercussions;

• Provide a framework to allow implementation of model communities in other countries where acid and other forms of burns violence are prevalent or for further implementations in the focus countries of Nepal, Cambodia and Uganda;

Taking place over a period of two years consecutively in Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda, the project will include piloting new approaches as well as the scaling up and adoption of successful strategies already undertaken in Pakistan and Bangladesh. It will involve:

• A situational analysis on a regional basis of the magnitude of incidence

• Exploring root-causes of burns violence against women and girls using trained facilitators through consultation with community members—survivors of acid burns, family members and neighbors of victims, local government representatives, village leaders;

• Use of a research methodology that actively involves all stakeholders not only in preventing acid burn behavior and associated violence, but also in empowering and re-integrating the victims into the society;

• Piloting the methodology in ‘model’ village neighborhoods where burns violence is known to be high, with a total sample of 3,000 villagers for each country;

• Involving local NGOs as well as INGOs and their local counterparts;

• On-going discussions and liaison with all key line ministries, as well as with the police and the judiciary, where relevant;

• Training and awareness sessions with key personnel in ministries, police, judiciary, media and others

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 97 • Working closely with the media to improve publicity given to burns violence, thereby spreading awareness of its incidence, causes and repercussions, and publicizing successful pros- ecutions of perpetrators;

• Greater understanding by women and girls of their rights and access to justice made easier for them.

PROJECT CONTEXT, OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

Burns violence is a global phenomenon, but is more prevalent in countries where regulatory monitoring and control processes are weak. This is the case in many South and Southeast Asian countries. Acid violence is premeditated and while it rarely kills it always destroys lives. In addition to psychological trauma, survivors can face social isolation and ostracism, further damaging self-esteem and seriously undermining their professional, economic and personal futures. Burns violence requires in depth research to determine common issues that can be resolved by concerted action to change or introduce legislation and implementation of international conventions such as CEDAW, to give women effective protection against discrimination and all forms of violence. The focus of this project is the prevention of burns violence against women and girls.

CAMBODIA

According to a government spokesperson in 2009, up to 40% of women in Cambodia are affected by domestic violence. Burns violence is widespread and tolerated by society. Available statistics only reflect the number of registered incidents, yet many cases are not reported to the authorities, medical agencies or to the media due to fear of reprisals and abuse. An estimated 100 cases of acid- related burns violence cases occur per year. A total of 40.7% of all acid burn survivors recorded by CASC were the victims of violent attacks or ‘unfortunate accidents’ within Kampong Cham Province. 16% of the survivors on the CASC register were burnt in Phnom Penh, and while cities such as Phnom Penh and Siem Riep have a high incidence of attacks, CASC’s findings indicate a higher incidence of attacks in rural communities, especially among people who work in the rubber trade (where acid is in common use).

The Cambodian government has enacted the following legislation following ratification of CEDAW:

Prevention of Domestic Violence Against Women Law, 2005; Bill on the Suppression of Human Trafficking and Sexual Exploitation 2007; Law on Commune Election – which has a general provision on the rights of women and men to be elected but no specific provisions enabling greater women’s participation. There is penal code provision against ‘Torture and barbarous acts’, but it lacks penalties for acid

98 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS violence. CASC has addressed this issue but needs more leverage for actual success. However, there is no gender equality legislation.

The Cambodian Women Report 2004vi describes the women’s situation in the country, and the Ministry of Women’s Affairs commis- sioned a study on violence against women in Cambodia. Recently, a new government committee has been established in response to growing public outrage about acid attacks. Its mandate is to draft a legal framework to regulate the sale and distribution of acid and to make acts of acid violence a criminal offence. It is hoped that the Committee’s findings and proposals will be used to guide the Cam- bodian Government’s response.

NEPAL

Burns violence cases in Nepal include suicides, which is the leading cause of death among women in Nepal aged 15-49, outranking other causes such as accidents and diseases. 16% of all women’s deaths are suicide - half following burns violence. A study of 150 suicide burns cases at Kathmandu Hospital (2004-08) found that 83% were of women of low socio-economic status; 50% just literate; 96% had suffered kerosene burns.

A UNFPA gender equality report stated that despite some improve- ments for women, there have been no specific attempts to address gender inequalities and violence; victims of domestic violence have little legal recourse. Despite having ratified international and regional conventions including CEDAW, the government has not introduced national or local measures to protect women from violence, and no specific law criminalizes perpetrators. The National Civil Code (Muluki Ain) does address the issue directly, but being subject to interpretation, it has proved insufficient in most cases to convict perpetrators.

UGANDA

Acid attacks form a substantial and neglected proportion of burn injuries. 17% of all burns requiring admission over an 18-month period to New Mulago Hospital, Kampala resulted from acid assault; just over 50% of victims were women. Two common patterns of assault were noted: attacks during robberies (46.7%) and attacks associated with domestic disputes (33.3%). ASFU registered 35 new acid attacks annually, 57% affecting women. Of these victims, 16% have died, 52.3% have severe injuries, and the rest had either consid- erable or mild injuries. Recent data from radio phone-in program indicates that many cases are not reported.

Causes of acid attacks include: relationship conflict (35.5%), business and property conflicts (14.2%), innocent bystander (10.5%), theft (2.3%), mistaken identity (2%), other (7.7%) and unknown

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 99 (29%). In acid attacks related to domestic violence, women suffer economic hardship when they are abandoned by their husbands but left with the children to support alone. Although acid violence is a criminal offence and the penal code is clear on punishment for perpetrators, the law is not applied consistently by judges or by police. The judiciary, police and lawyers need training in the laws relating to acid violence to ensure that perpetrators are punished. Research as to the underlying causes of relationship conflicts is needed; some evidence indicates that women also instigate the crime. Systems are needed to prevent women from committing the crime, as well rehabilitation systems to reduce the effect of attacks.

Grantee organization: Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI), the only organization working internationally on this issue, in collaboration with national Acid Survivor Foundations (ASF) in Nepal, Uganda and Cambodia.

Acid violence and other forms of burning are prevalent forms of violence against women in countries where regulatory monitoring and controls are weak, and where the judiciary, police and lawyers lack sensitization on the appropriate laws to prosecute perpetrators. Acid Survivors Trust International (ASTI), the only organization working internationally on this issue, will pilot an innovative community-based approach in Cambodia, Nepal and Uganda to promote individual responsibility to end gender-based violence. In selected communities, ASTI, through its national counterparts, will set up regulatory committees to monitor the effectiveness of existing legislation and to advocate for legislation reform. ASTI shall also provide an information sharing platform to enhance learning experience and facilitate dissemination of lessons learned and successful efforts, along with any emerging medical, legal or social knowledge, across its entire network. Capacity of relevant sectors for improved legal aid and referral systems will be strengthened. Once the project is evaluated, it is intended for adaptation and replication in other countries such as India and the Democratic Republic of Congo.

100 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Security and Empowerment for Women and their Families: Ensuring a Gender-Responsive Humanitarian and Early Recovery Response in Haiti, a project in cooperation with UNIFEM 2010–2012 Funding: US$200,000

SUMMARY

This program responds to the urgent humanitarian and early recovery imperatives in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake in Haiti. It also builds on the foundation of the current UNIFEM programming around gender responsive governance, economic security and advancing women’s rights. The scope of programming proposed is informed by the:

1. Emergency plan of action agreed to between the Ministry of Wom- en’s Condition and Rights and UNIFEM; and

2. UNIFEM component of the UN Flash Appeal which was launched on the 15th January 2010.

The most affected cities are Port-au-Prince, Léogane, Petite Goave and Jacmel because the epicenter of the earthquake was 15 km from Port-au-Prince. According to preliminary estimates, a million people had been affected; 250,000 needing urgent assistance. The authorities estimate that more than 50,000 people died, and more than 3 million people live in the most affected zones. Port au Prince and the other affected areas are characterized by widespread destruction of the infrastructure and the consequential disruption of already limited basic services. The population is mainly without shelter, electricity, water, food, health care, and means of transport and security services. The most affected populations, in districts most physically damaged, lost all their tangible properties including their papers of civil identification. In addition, survivors can barely access financial resources and many sectors are paralyzed—health, education, energy, or being reactivated too slowly—banking and markets.

Survivors of the disaster without shelter have gathered spontane- ously in the public places or all other spaces in the open air. They are trying to survive without means, structures, in generally unhy- gienic conditions. These concentrations of population if not attended to, increase; moreover, the risk of panic responses and other risks, including violence over limited resources despite the remarkable courage and the widespread grass root solidarity observed so far.

Women of Haiti carry the disproportionate burden of care for children and other family dependents. They do so, despite lower educational and labor force participation rates. These two factors also

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 101 explain the high levels of poverty of women’s households. Yet still communities depend on women’s social and reproductive work as a central component of wellbeing. Apart from their differential experience of poverty, rigid gender roles and inequalities make women vulnerable to gender-based violence and to exclusion from political decision making. In time of emergencies, whether political or natural disaster-related, Haitian women and girls have experienced heightened exposure to acts of violence and in particular sexual violence.

In this context, Haitian women are demanding the end of impunity for gender-based violence and for an equal voice and influence over political and economic governance processes. Some significant progress has been made towards these goals since 2004. And, so in the midst of the earthquake tragedy, UNIFEM with its partners have prioritized processes that will ensure that women both contribute to and benefit from in equitable measure the humanitarian response and that the gains that have been made to eliminate the culture of acceptance of harm against women are not reversed.

The principles which guide the UNIFEM program include:

1. The imperative of a gender-responsive humanitarian response that takes into account gender differentials in need, responsibilities, vulnerabilities and strengths;

2. The need for women, women’s organizations and civil society to participate in decision-making over priority areas of action and in the allocation of resources;

3. The importance of strengthening the Ministry of Women’s Condi- tion and Rights and women’s organizations/civil society institutions through capacity support for ownership of the humanitarian and early recovery efforts;

4. The link between immediate humanitarian response and the consequential early recovery actions in order to strengthen the fabric of democratic governance, participation and equality

UNIFEM’s input into the Flash Appeal, prepared by the UN system, will focus on the need for immediate relief for basic physical needs such as shelter, for protection against gender-based violence and for ensuring gender-responsive humanitarian planning and recovery to restore self-reliance and reduce dependence. In this context, the Ministry and UNIFEM have agreed to work along three main axes:

• Strengthened capacity of the Ministry to ensure gender-responsive humanitarian interventions

• Increased resources and tools to provide services for women and their families, especially shelter

102 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS • Improved means and structures to work on prevention of violence against women

UNIFEM is well-placed to contribute to the implementation of the pri- orities of the Ministry and of women in Haiti given its active cooperation framework with key partners and its ongoing program with the NGO sector in some of the most affected regions. More particularly, in 2008-2009, UNIFEM developed a gender tool for responding to crises: “Towards Early Recovery in Haiti: Gender Aware, Multi-Sec- toral Tool”. The primary expected outcomes are:

• Strengthened capacity of Ministry staff to ensure transparent and effective delivery of humanitarian assistance to people living in temporary camps

• The prevention of any escalation of gender-based violence

• Strengthened capacity of state and civil society organizations in techniques to provide psychosocial support and the management of stress particularly for those dislocated to temporary camps

• Strengthened capacity of state and civil society organizations to deliver services and support to women who are victims of violence

• Resource mobilization for the assistance of victims and survivors during the immediate aftermath and early recovery stages.

All activities to be undertaken will meet immediate needs of the affected population, directly or indirectly, or will contribute directly to the preservation of life, health or safety. In the early recovery stage, UNIFEM will work with partners to focus on ensuring attention to meeting women’s economic livelihood needs. Haitian wellbeing, of families and communities, is in great measure dependent on women. Roughly 35% of households are headed by women who carry the burden and joy of caring for children and for other family dependents. In the aftermath of the earthquake, this responsibility will increase as women seek out the most basic of services to keep their families intact and to assist their communities in making the hardest of adjustments, to the loss of loved ones, to the loss of the security of the known. In both the humanitarian and early recovery efforts, attention must be given to ensuring that those who carry the responsibility of the care for others are given the needed resources and opportunities. UNIFEM will establish a basket fund to ensure the flow of resources to civil society organizations and/ or women’s groups who are working with women producers. This fund will be complemented by capacity building of women for restor- ing, strengthening or imparting new livelihood/entrepreneurial skills

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 103 linked to market access. Workshops, trainings and seminars will be provided on management, small business administration, community organizing and networking, as well as trainings on non-traditional skills which will be needed during reconstruction process.

CONTEXT ANALYSIS AND JUSTIFICATION

Since 2004, UNIFEM has prioritized programming in Haiti in response to the demands of both state and non state actors to address the challenges of gender equality and women’s empowerment. In collaboration with key national partners, including the Ministry on the Status of Women and Women’s Rights (MCFDF) and key organizations within the women’s movement, UNIFEM is contributing to building institutional capacity around gender mainstreaming and the promotion of women’s human rights as well as supporting processes which focus on women’s political participation. However, the main thrust of the work to date has been in the area of gender justice and security given the importance of addressing systematic violations of women’s security rights as well as the prevalence of gender-based violence exacerbated in times of crisis.

All these programmatic approaches take on heightened urgency in the aftermath of the earthquake because of the expected economic, social and psychological dislocations which are being faced by the population. There is a need to ensure an equitable and transparent distribution of the humanitarian resources and later on, an effective, responsive and equitable early recovery action. Haitian women have the dual roles of reproduction and production. Their daily efforts are therefore central to rebuilding both the population’s resilience given that some 42% of households are headed by women. Yet, as previous crises have shown, post-catastrophe specific risks increase for women. They are more likely to become victims of various types of violence and/or discrimination especially in the context of resource limitations. Given their centrality to community well-being, it is important that women, through community structures, decentralized governance processes or women’s organizations, can have a strong voice in the planning and implementation of short-term relief efforts as well as in the processes of rebuilding. UNIFEM’s actions will con- centrate on four areas in collaboration with the Ministry of Women’s Condition and the Women’s Rights (MCFDF), women’s organizations and civil society organizations

1. Ensuring gender responsive planning and implementation of humanitarian and early recovery efforts.

2. Ensuring the participation of women in the development, implementation and follow-up of work of rebuilding of the country and the recapitalization of the economic activities of women.

104 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 3. Delivery of financial and technical resources through a basket fund (Livelihood Facility Fund) to build and/or strengthen women’s economic livelihood capacity.

4. Reorientation of existing UNIFEM programs to meet the needs of the emergency/crisis not only in Port au Prince but also in other affected areas and in geographic zones that will be receiving displaced populations.

This proposed scope of work emphasizes practical support to women and their families, to women’s organizations, as well as to the Ministry as it meets its role of ensuring that women’s differential needs and responsibilities are taken into account in the humanitarian and early recovery responses. Given the massive dislocation because of the destruction of housing and the effect that this will have on all of Haiti, UNIFEM has highlighted the need for consolidation of efforts aimed at strengthening the capacity of key organizations to provide safe houses and protection for women victims of violence. Despite the widespread nature of gender-based violence, and the danger of exacerbation during this current crisis, at present only three formalized shelters in Port au Prince exist, two of them run by non-governmental organizations. It is very likely that these shelters will experience a dramatic increase in demand for their services, not only in relation to the violence response, but also just as shelters. This approach to shoring up the capacity of women’s shelters will be complementary to the provision of technical support and oversight to shelters generally through the sensitization of the imperative of special measures to protect women and children from violence and exploitation in shelters and temporary camps. The basket fund will allow for support to restore and build women’s economic livelihood/ entrepreneurial skills linked to market access. This support will include the facilitation of market access through linkages to markets, trainings on management, small business administration, community organizing and networking, as well as trainings on non-traditional skills those of which will be needed during reconstruction process.

PROGRAM STRATEGIES

The achievement of results in the area of gender equality and women’s empowerment in the context of the humanitarian and early responses requires strong institutional capacity at the level of our national partners. The program will contribute to enhanced local ca- pacities in the following areas:

• Increased capacity to assess, respond and monitor the gender differential impacts of the earthquake and humanitarian crisis and responses

• Increased capacity to provide services to victims of gender-based violence

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 105 • Increased capacity to deliver support for women’s economic livelihoods

• Increased capacity to promote, support and ensure women’s empowerment and participation to early recovery.

The overall objective is to ensure gender-responsive humanitarian and early recovery responses within the framework of three projected outcomes as follows:

Outcome 1 The coordinated humanitarian and early recovery response to the earthquake takes account of women’s differential needs and advances women’s human rights.

Output 1.1 Measures needed to respond to women’s needs and to protect women are identified and inform multi-sector humanitarian and early recovery planning and programming

Activities

1.1 Preparation of a gender-aware, multi-sector early recovery needs assessment

1.2 Development of response framework which integrates the differential needs of women and girls;

1.3 Gender expertise in humanitarian response and early recovery available to the UN system for the next 12 months

Outcome 2: Women’s centers and temporary shelters providing services to victims of gender-based violence and their families are functioning and have the capacity to respond to women’s needs and protect their safety and rights.

Output 2.1 Women’s shelters and organizations resourced and managed to ensure increase in level of services available to women victims of violence and women and their families dislocated by the earthquake

Activities

2.1.1 Infrastructural assessment, repair of existing centers, if possible, and emergency women’s shelter expansion where necessary and possible

2.1.2 Resource support, as appropriate, to existing women’s shelters to provide humanitarian response (emergency supplies, staff and counseling services)

2.1.3 Dissemination of Special Measures, development of additional communication materials as appropriate, and monitoring of application in selected temporary shelters in Port au Prince and Jacmel

106 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Output 2.2: Shelters run by women’s organizations and by agencies have the tools and resources to provide gender-responsive psychosocial counseling and stress management.

Activities

2.2.1 Training and deployment of multi-sector dedicated response teams to respond to SGBV in selected temporary shelters in Port au Prince and Jacmel and ongoing monitoring

2.2.2 Provision of technical expertise in violence prevention, psychosocial services, de-victimization and trauma counseling, including through mobile units

2.2.3 Improved management of temporary shelters.

Output 2.3 Managers of temporary shelters and camps trained to ensure the surveillance and prevention of gender-based violence and exploitation

Activities

2.3.1 Training of shelter managers in Special Measures: Prevention of gender-based violence in Humanitarian Situations

Outcome 3: Ministry of Women’s Condition and Rights actively participates in the humanitarian and early recovery efforts.

Output 3.1: Ministry of Women’s Condition and Rights has the internal mechanisms and tools to participate in the humanitarian response.

Activities

3.1.1 Creation of Emergency/Crisis Unit within the Ministry of Wom- en’s Condition and Rights

3.1.2 Formulation of a gender-responsive intervention plan by the Ministry for temporary camps to meet the specific needs of women and their families

3.1.3 Establish a communication team within the Ministry’s crisis unit.

Output 3.2: Ministry of Women’s Condition and Rights has resources and the systems in place to deliver key services to women and their families dislocated as a result of the earthquake.

Activities

3.2.1 Outreach to donors to assist the ministry in meeting the needs of victims, the injured and survivors

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 107 3.2.2. Distribution of aid for victims/injured and survivors within the camps, including those that may be run by the Ministry of Women’s Condition and Rights

3.2.3 Create support centers for survivors in Port au Prince and Jac- mel and environs

Outcome 4: Women—particularly those who are heads of households—are able to re-generate their livelihood options and economically benefit from solidarity worldwide by expand- ing opportunities and skills for economic production.

Outputs 4.1: UNIFEM has established a basket fund (Livelihood Facility Fund) to secure resources dedicated to support women’s economic security in the early recovery stages.

Activities:

4.1.1 Outreach to UN system, donor countries/agencies and to UNIFEM national committees to secure financial commitment to the creation and sustaining of a basket fund for women’s economic security

4.1.2 Establishment of a Livelihood Facility Fund, including Advi- sory Committee comprised of representatives of the Ministry, select women’s organizations, UN system and donor community

Output 4.2: Women producers and groups are resourced to strengthen the capacity of women to meet the livelihood needs of their families.

Activities

4.2.1: Assessment of economic livelihood needs and opportunities of women most affected by the earthquake- women heads of households, especially those temporarily resident in shelters

4.2.2 Development/strengthening of livelihood/entrepreneurial skills linked to market access (e.g. workshops, trainings on management, small business administration, community organizing and networking, as well as trainings on non-traditional skills those of which will be needed during reconstruction process).

4.2.3 Livelihood Facility Fund providing grants to women’s groups to rebuild livelihoods

4.2.4 Ongoing technical support and monitoring of grantees of the Livelihood Facility Fund

108 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Output 4.3 Economic development programs prioritize involvement of women—particularly those most vulnerable—in both traditional and non-traditional skill areas

Activities

4.3.1: Technical support to efforts undertaken by the UN system, IN- GOs and multilateral and bilateral organizations to strengthen components related to the specific needs of women in the early recovery and reconstruction phases.

PROGRAM PARTNERSHIPS

This program is being implemented in the context of UNIFEM’s existing agreements with women’s organizations that manage shelters and run programs aimed at ending violence against women in Port au Prince, Jacmel and Cap Haitien. The program will also be implemented in close collaboration with the Ministry of Women’s Condition and Rights with whom UNIFEM has a memorandum of understanding on technical cooperation and with whom UNIFEM has developed an emergency plan for the current humanitarian response. UNIFEM also has an active and ongoing functional cooperation with the Ministry of Justice to strengthen state accountability in the prevention and punishment of gender-based violence. Through this cooperation, UNIFEM has provided 16 motorcycles for police which will be delivered within the coming period. In the establishment and implementation of the Livelihood Facility Fund, UNIFEM will work with women’s organizations and international organizations working in the area of women’s livelihood support. In addition, through the establishment of an Advisory Committee, UNIFEM will ensure the participation and guidance of key UN agencies such as UNDP, FAO and the donor community.

PROGRAM MANAGEMENT

The UNIFEM Caribbean office and the Haiti Country Program will ensure the overall program implementation. Based on the principles of national ownership and alignment, the implementation of the program will prioritize the participation of key national partners who are already involved in substantial activities in these areas. The key partners involved in the implementation of this program include both state and non state actors as sustainable progress requires concerted effort and collaboration between duty bearers and rights holders. The key state partners would include:

• The Ministry on the Status of Women and Women’s Rights (MCFDF)

• The Ministry of Justice; the police—PNH

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 109 MONITORING, EVALUATION AND LEARNING

Ongoing program monitoring will be provided by the UNIFEM staff in the UNIFEM Office in Haiti which is currently composed of eight staff members including a Country Program Coordinator. Monitoring will take place through regular field-based visits to partners to document program implementation, through analysis of progress reports submitted by partners and through periodic meetings between program partners to assess the progress made, identify the obstacles, and share the lessons learned.

The monitoring will be informed by the use of a monitoring tool of early recovery actions developed for UNIFEM: Towards Early Re- covery in Haiti: Gender Aware, Multi-Sector Tools. This multi-sector tool provides a means to monitor and assess the extent and ways in which emergency interventions identify and address the multi-sector humanitarian needs of women and girls, and facilitates their participation in response. A results-based framework will be used and will provide a baseline against which progress will be measured. An evaluation, informed by the ongoing monitoring assessments, will be completed at the end of the two-year period.

UNIFEM OPERATIONS

It is important to recognize that the UNIFEM presence in Haiti will have to be scaled up to give the level of technical support to partners, many of which have experienced death of leaders and members. In addition, because the UN compound has been condemned, the UNIFEM Haiti program will have to be resourced to meet reloca- tion needs- office space, equipment, supplies.

110 2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS Education and Leadership Development Programs

In the 2010-2012 Biennium, the below education programs will be funded by your contributions to the respective Fund within Zonta International Foundation.

ZIF Funds for: Funding USD

Amelia Earhart Fellowships $700,000

Jane M. Klausman Women in Business Scholarships $184,000

Young Women in Public Affairs Awards $94,000

Amelia Earhart Fellowships (AE) In total, 700,000 USD is apportioned as 35 international awards at 10,000 USD each year of the biennium. The Fund provides mon- etary Fellowships to women for graduate study in aerospace-related sciences and engineering.

Jane M. Klausman Women in Business Scholarships (JMK) In total, 184,000 USD is used to fund 12 international scholarships at 5,000 USD and district awards at 1,000 USD each year of the biennium. The Fund provides scholarships to women pursuing undergraduate or Master’s degrees in business management.

Young Women in Public Affairs Awards (YWPA) In total, 94,000 USD is used to fund five international awards at 3,000 USD and district awards at 1,000 USD each year of the biennium. The Fund provides awards to young women in secondary level or pre-university schools, ages 16-19, who demonstrate a commitment to leadership in public policy, government and volunteer organizations.

2010–2012 BIENNIAL GOALS 111 Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 Fax: +1 312-930-0951 www.zonta.org

A Course for the Future—2010 and Beyond Service and Advocacy—the Primary Focus of Zonta Revised by the ZI Board June 2008–2010

This Course for the Future is Zonta International’s strategic plan— a forward looking document setting broad goals for the future. More specific goals are included in the Biennial Goals adopted at each convention.

Districts and clubs should prepare their own strategic plans in line with this plan and the Biennial Goals, adapted to local conditions.

MISSION

Zonta International is a global organization of executives and professionals working together to advance the status of women worldwide through service and advocacy.

VISION FOR THE FUTURE

Zonta International envisions a world in which women’s rights are recognized as human rights and every woman is able to achieve her full potential.

In such a world, every woman is literate and has access to education, health care, legal and economic resources on an equal basis with men. Zonta ClubsIn such a world, no woman lives in fear of violence. Members of Zonta International

112 A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE OBJECTS

The objects of Zonta International shall be:

(a) To improve the legal, political, economic, educational, health, and professional status of women through service and advocacy.

(b) To work for the advancement of understanding, goodwill, and peace through a world fellowship of executives in business and the professions.

VALUES

Zonta International endorses the values expressed in the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Zonta International is nonpartisan and nonsectarian; it is independent and takes positions based on its own values.

As Zontians we are: • Honest • Trustworthy • Respectful of others • Committed to Zonta’s mission • Loyal to Zonta International.

GUIDING PRINCIPLES

• Women’s rights are human rights, essential for the development of all peoples. • By advancing the status of women, society as a whole is improved. • The key to change is the combination of service and advocacy. • Worldwide and local action is our strength. • International friendship encourages understanding and peace in the world. • Zontians are united through purpose, values and democratic principles.

A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE 113 GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

The following goals build on our current strengths and achievements and are inter-related. These goals address service, advocacy, membership, infrastructure, and Zonta’s credibility and visibility. The goals, objectives and indicators apply to Zonta International, its districts and its clubs except where otherwise indicated. In working to achieve these goals, Zonta International, its districts and its clubs must adhere to Zonta International’s bylaws, rules of procedure and policies.

SERVICE

Goal 1: Zonta’s service programs reflect and enhance its mission.

Objective:

1. Service programs are established in order to: • Improve women’s legal rights • Improve women’s health • Improve women’s education • Improve women’s economic status • End violence against women • Enhance women’s self esteem.

Indicators:

1. Zonta’s service programs meet their objectives. 2. Collectively, the service programs advance the status of women worldwide.

ADVOCACY

Goal 2: Zonta International is a leading advocate for the rights of women and the girl child

Objectives:

1. Use Zonta International’s consultative status with the United Nations to effectively advocate for the rights of women and girls.

2. Zonta advocates advancing the rights of women and girls either on an independent basis or in cooperation with other like-minded organizations to influence organizations, authorities, governments and the general public.

114 A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE Indicators:

1. Zonta International participates actively in the development and review of United Nations policies and programs affecting the status of women and girls.

2. Zonta International collaborates with respected organizations at the international level.

3. Service programs are linked with advocacy.

4. Zonta International, its districts and its clubs achieve their service goals and there is an increase in the number of well-executed advocacy initiatives.

MEMBERSHIP

Goal 3: Increase membership by retaining and recruiting members who are committed to and actively work towards achieving Zonta’s mission.

Objectives:

1. Achieve a net increase in the number of members each biennium.

2. The members of each club represent a wide variety of occupations.

3. Increase members’ commitment and engagement.

Indicators:

1. The biennium target of net membership increase is achieved.

2. The number of classifications within each club is increased.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Governance

Goal 4: Zonta’s governance structure facilitates the achievement of its mission.

Objectives:

1. Zonta operates within its bylaws and applicable law.

A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE 115 2. Zonta’s structure is effective and responsive as demonstrated by informed policy-making, efficient decision-making, effective communication, excellent cooperation and leadership.

3. Knowledgeable, inspirational leaders enhance the capacity of the organization to achieve its mission and to motivate its members to participate at all levels.

Indicators:

1. Members are satisfied with the caliber and performance of their leaders.

2. Biennial Governance goals are met and membership increases.

3. Improved understanding of the organization’s structures and operations is reflected at meetings at all levels and in internal communication.

4. Zonta International works effectively with the Zonta International Foundation.

Goal 5: The Zonta International Foundation governance structure facilitates the achievement of its mission.

Objectives:

1. The Zonta International Foundation operates within its bylaws and applicable law.

2. The Zonta International Foundation board structure is effective and responsive to its corporate member (Zonta International) as demonstrated by efficient decision-making, effective communication, excellent cooperation and leadership.

3. Knowledgeable, inspirational leaders are sought to enhance the capacity of the organization to achieve its mission.

Indicators:

1. Service goals are met.

2. Internal contributions and external donations increase.

3. The Zonta International Foundation works effectively with Zonta International.

116 A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE FINANCIAL RESOURCES

Goal 6: Zonta International has sustainable financial resources that support current activities and provide for long-term growth.

Objectives:

1. Revenue covers expenses.

2. Achieve a diversified income stream in which member dues are the primary, but not the only, source of income.

3. Appropriate fiduciary practices that are in accordance with applicable financial reporting standards are in place and are followed.

4. Provide appropriate, transparent and timely financial information.

Indicators:

1. Revenue targets are met.

2. The auditors consistently report that Zonta is acting in accordance with its ethical, fiduciary and legal responsibilities.

3. Members are satisfied with the standards and contents of the financial information.

Goal 7: Zonta’s districts and clubs have sustainable financial resources that support current activities and provide for long-term growth.

Objectives:

1. Revenue covers expenses.

2. Appropriate fiduciary practices that are in accordance with applicable financial reporting standards are in place and are followed.

3. Provide appropriate, transparent and timely financial information.

Indicators:

1. Revenue targets are met.

A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE 117 2. At district level the auditors or reviewers consistently report that Zonta is acting in accordance with its ethical, fiduciary and legal responsibilities. At club level the examiner consistently reports that Zonta is acting in accordance with its ethical, fiduciary and legal responsibilities.

3. Members are satisfied with the standards and contents of the financial information.

Goal 8: The Zonta International Foundation has sustainable financial resources that support current activities and provide for long-term growth.

Objectives:

1. Investments are diversified ensuring the long-term sustainability of the Zonta International Foundation.

2. Appropriate fiduciary practices that are in accordance with applicable financial reporting standards are in place and are followed.

3. Provide appropriate, transparent and timely financial information.

4. Every club provides at least one-third of its service funds annually to support the international service programs funded by the Zonta International Foundation.

5. Contributions from individual members, friends of Zonta, corporations and other external sources increase each biennium.

Indicators:

1. The auditors consistently report that the Zonta International Foundation is acting in accordance with its ethical, fiduciary and legal responsibilities.

2. Members and donors are satisfied with the standards and contents of the financial information.

3. Every club contributes to the Zonta International Foundation annually.

4. Contribution totals increase each biennium allowing Zonta to do more to improve the lives and conditions of women.

118 A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE Staff

Goal 9: Zonta International employs qualified, committed and effective staff that support the mission and goals of Zonta International and the Zonta International Foundation by providing appropriate and responsive services.

Objectives:

1. The staff delivers the required services to support the biennium goals.

2. Zonta’s employment policies and practices reinforce its mission to advance the status of women and comply with State and local laws.

Indicators:

1. Members and leadership are satisfied with the services provided.

2. Periodic review of Zonta International’s employment policies and practices confirms that they reinforce the mission.

3. Staff survey confirms that Zonta’s employment policies and practices reinforce the mission.

4. Audit review confirms that employment policies and practices comply with State and local laws as appropriate.

CREDIBILITY AND VISIBILITY

Goal 10: Zonta International is the organization of choice for those committed to advancing the status of women through service and advocacy.

Objectives:

1. Zonta International cooperates with the United Nations and other organizations that will enable Zonta to achieve its mission.

2. Zonta International’s participation is sought by key agencies and organizations like the United Nations and the Council of Europe when they are engaged in activities relating to advancing the status of women.

A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE 119 3. Zonta International promotes its successes in advancing the status of women to its members (prospective and current) and stakeholders it wishes to influence including: donors, organizations it is affiliated to, other organizations, authorities, governments, the media and the general public.

Indicators:

1. United Nations agencies, other multi-lateral organizations, governmental bodies, and non-governmental organizations seek input from the appropriate level of Zonta.

2. Zonta International cooperates with the United Nations and with other respected organizations at international level.

3. Increased visibility as a result of clubs, districts and Zonta International implementing a communication and marketing plans.

120 A COURSE FOR THE FUTURE District Maps

E A F B C D

DISTRICT 1 A Vermont USA D Connecticut USA B New Hampshire USA E Maine USA C Massachusetts USA F Nova Scotia Canada

C B

DISTRICT 2 A Quebec Canada B New York USA C Ontario Canada

DISTRICT MAPS 121 A B

C D E F

DISTRICT 3 A New York USA D Maryland USA B Pennsylvania USA E Washington, D.C. USA C New Jersey USA F Virginia USA

DISTRICT 4 A Ontario Canada B New York USA C Pennsylvania USA

122 DISTRICT MAPS B

C A

DISTRICT 5 A Kentucky USA B Ohio USA C West Virginia USA

B C

DISTRICT 6 A Wisconsin USA B Illinois USA C Indiana USA

DISTRICT MAPS 123 A B

D E

DISTRICT 7 A North Dakota USA D Kansas USA B Minnesota USA E Missouri USA C South Dakota USA

C D

DISTRICT 8 A British Columbia D Idaho USA Canada E Alaska USA B Washington USA C Oregon USA

124 DISTRICT MAPS B C

A D F

DISTRICT 9 A California USA D Arizona USA B Nevada USA E Mexico C Utah USA F Hawaii USA

B C

D A

DISTRICT 10 A Texas USA C Arkansas USA B Oklahoma USA D Louisiana USA

DISTRICT MAPS 125 A F E B C D

I J

DISTRICT 11 A Tennessee USA F North Carolina USA B Mississippi USA G Florida USA C Alabama USA H Bahamas D Georgia USA I Puerto Rico E South Carolina USA J British Virgin Islands

C B

DISTRICT 12 A Montana USA B Wyoming USA C South Dakota USA D Colorado USA

126 DISTRICT MAPS A

C D

DISTRICT 13 A Iceland B Norway C Denmark D Lithuania

A D B E C

DISTRICT 14 A Germany E Italy B Hungary F Greece C Croatia G Cyprus D Austria

DISTRICT MAPS 127 B

DISTRICT 15 A Michigan USA B Ontario Canada

DISTRICT 16 A New Zealand

128 DISTRICT MAPS A

B E

D C

DISTRICT 17 A Hong Kong D Malaysia B Thailand E Philippines C Singapore

I A E H B C D F G

DISTRICT 18 A Senegal F Togo B Sierra Leone G Benin C Côte d’Ivoire H Nigeria D Ghana I Niger E Burkina Faso

DISTRICT MAPS 129 C A

REGION 19 A Uruguay B Argentina C Chile

DISTRICT 20 A Finland B Estonia

130 DISTRICT MAPS A

DISTRICT 21 A Sweden B Latvia

DISTRICT 22 A Queensland Australia B Northern Rivers Inc. New South Wales Australia

DISTRICT MAPS 131 B

A C

F D

DISTRICT 23 A Western Australia, D Victoria, Australia Australia E Tasmania, Australia B Northern Territory, F Albury-Wodonga Inc. Australia New South Wales, C South Australia, Australia Australia

A B

DISTRICT 24 A New South Wales, Australia (except Albury-Wodonga Inc. and Northern Rivers Inc.) B Australian Capital Territory, Australia

132 DISTRICT MAPS A B

DISTRICT 25 A India B Bangladesh C Sri Lanka

DISTRICT 26 A Japan

DISTRICT MAPS 133 D B E C F

DISTRICT 27 A France D Germany B Belgium E Poland C Luxembourg F Ukraine

A E B C

DISTRICT 28 A Germany D Italy B Liechtenstein E Czech Republic C Switzerland F Turkey

134 DISTRICT MAPS A F

B D

E C

G H

DISTRICT 29 A Scotland E Germany B England F Russia C France G Guadeloupe D Netherlands H Spain

E D H C A

B F G

DISTRICT 30 A France F Bulgaria B Monaco G Macedonia, C Italy Republic of D Switzerland H Romania E Germany

DISTRICT MAPS 135 A

DISTRICT 31 A Republic of China (Taiwan)

DISTRICT 32 A South Korea

136 DISTRICT MAPS A

REGION 99 A Mongolia

DISTRICT MAPS 137 Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

557 West Randolph Street Chicago, Illinois 60661 USA Telephone: +1 312-930-5848 Fax: +1 312-930-0951 www.zonta.org

Zonta International Advancing the Status of Women Worldwide

5571211 W Westest Randolph 22nd Street, Street Suite 900 Chicago,Oak Brook, Illinois Illinois 60661 60523 US A TUSAelephone: +1 312-930-5848 FTelephone:ax: +1 312-930-0951 1-630-928-1400 wwwFax: .zonta.org 1-630-928-1559 Zonta [email protected]/ [email protected] Members of Zonta International www.zonta.org

Zonta Clubs Members of Zonta International