Tissue Pathways for Bone and Soft Tissue Pathology
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Health Sciences Center
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences Handbook: 2020-2021 KUWAIT UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE 1 | P a g e KUWAIT UNIVERSITY HEALTH SCIENCES CENTRE FACULTY OF ALLIED HEALTH SCIENCES Established: 1982 HANDBOOK 2020-2021 2 | P a g e Department of MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES [MLS] 3 | P a g e DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL LABORATORY SCIENCES Medical Laboratory Sciences offers opportunities for those interested in biological and chemical sciences, leading to a career in the health service or in research. Medical laboratory scientists are professionals who perform laboratory tests and analyses that assist physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of patients. They also assist in research and the development of new laboratory tests. The various studies include chemical and physical analysis of body fluids (clinical chemistry and urinalysis); examination of blood and its component cells (haematology); isolation and identification of bacteria, fungi, viruses and parasites (clinical microbiology and parasitology); testing of blood serum for antibodies indicative of specific diseases (immunology and serology) and collection, storage of blood, pretransfusion testing and other immunohaematological procedures (blood banking). In addition, medical laboratory scientists prepare tissues for histopathological, cytological and cytogenetic examination. They must know the theory and scientific fundamentals as well as the procedures for testing. Medical laboratory scientists work in hospital clinical laboratories, medical schools, research institutions, public health agencies and related organizations. MISSION AND OBJECTIVES Mission The mission of the Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences is to educate and train skillful, knowledgeable and committed Medical Laboratory Scientists who have breadth of knowledge and competence in the various aspects of Medical Laboratory Sciences, who shall adhere to professional ethics, and who can contribute successfully as Medical Laboratory Scientists in the health care team. -
A Comparison of Imaging Modalities for the Diagnosis of Osteomyelitis
A comparison of imaging modalities for the diagnosis of osteomyelitis Brandon J. Smith1, Grant S. Buchanan2, Franklin D. Shuler2 Author Affiliations: 1. Joan C Edwards School of Medicine, Marshall University, Huntington, West Virginia 2. Marshall University The authors have no financial disclosures to declare and no conflicts of interest to report. Corresponding Author: Brandon J. Smith Marshall University Joan C. Edwards School of Medicine Huntington, West Virginia Email: [email protected] Abstract Osteomyelitis is an increasingly common pathology that often poses a diagnostic challenge to clinicians. Accurate and timely diagnosis is critical to preventing complications that can result in the loss of life or limb. In addition to history, physical exam, and laboratory studies, diagnostic imaging plays an essential role in the diagnostic process. This narrative review article discusses various imaging modalities employed to diagnose osteomyelitis: plain films, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), ultrasound, bone scintigraphy, and positron emission tomography (PET). Articles were obtained from PubMed and screened for relevance to the topic of diagnostic imaging for osteomyelitis. The authors conclude that plain films are an appropriate first step, as they may reveal osteolytic changes and can help rule out alternative pathology. MRI is often the most appropriate second study, as it is highly sensitive and can detect bone marrow changes within days of an infection. Other studies such as CT, ultrasound, and bone scintigraphy may be useful in patients who cannot undergo MRI. CT is useful for identifying necrotic bone in chronic infections. Ultrasound may be useful in children or those with sickle-cell disease. Bone scintigraphy is particularly useful for vertebral osteomyelitis. -
Soft Tissue Tumor Pathology: New Diagnostic Immunohistochemical Markers Leona A
S EMINARS IN D IAGNOSTIC P ATHOLOGY ] (2015) ]]]– ]]] Available online at www.sciencedirect.com www.elsevier.com/locate/semdp Soft tissue tumor pathology: New diagnostic immunohistochemical markers Leona A. Doyle, MD Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, 75 Francis St, Boston, Massachusetts article info abstract Keywords: Recent insights into the pathogenesis of various soft tissue tumors, along with the Soft tissue identification of recurrent molecular alterations characteristic of specific tumor types, Tumor have resulted in the development of many diagnostically useful immunohistochemical Sarcoma markers. In some cases, expression of these markers is significantly associated with Immunohistochemistry distinctive clinical and histologic features, which may impart prognostic or predictive Molecular genetics information. This review outlines new diagnostic immunohistochemical markers in soft tissue tumor pathology, emphasizing their utility in clinical practice and potential pitfalls, molecular correlates and clinical associations. & 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Introduction shows MYC amplification. Finally, so-called lineage specific markers, which tend to show nuclear staining and in general fi Over the last 10 years, many novel immunohistochemical are not strictly speci c to a given lineage, have also emerged markers for use in the evaluation of soft tissue tumors have as useful markers, not only in soft tissue pathology but also been described. This has largely been due to new insights -
Bone & Soft Tissue Pathology Fellowship
Bone & Soft Tissue Pathology Fellowship The Department of Pathology at Memorial Availability: July 2023 Sloan Kettering Cancer Center offers a one- year fellowship training program in bone and Number of Positions: One soft tissue pathology. The fellowship begins on Length of Program: One Year July 1st and ends on June 30th the following year. All fellows should have completed Deadline: August 1, for appoint- residency training in anatomic pathology and ments beginning 2 years later (ie. be certified (or eligible for certification) by 8/1/2021 for start date 7/1/2023). the American Board of Pathology. Early application is acceptable because completed applications may be During the sub-specialty fellowship year, the considered on a rolling basis. fellow will have the opportunity to study our large volume of quality in-house and submitted How to Apply: Apply Online material, departmental consultation case Only complete applications will material, as well as recommended reading of be reviewed. Once applicants have literature to achieve adequate competence submitted their applications, they will in the pathologic diagnosis, staging, and need to send the following documents: prognostication of a wide variety of bone and • Three letters of recommendation from soft tissue tumors. In addition, the fellow an institution in which the applicant will have the opportunity to perform clinico- has trained. Letters should be pathologic and molecular correlations. addressed to Dr. Ronald Ghossein, the The fellow will serve as a consultant to the program director. Please request letter oncologic pathology fellows in the orientation, writers add the following line after gross dissection and morphologic evaluation the heading (RE: Candidate’s Name, of bone and soft tissue specimens. -
Brain – Necrosis
Brain – Necrosis 1 Brain – Necrosis 2 Brain – Necrosis Figure Legend: Figure 1 Appearance of a thalamic infarct at low magnification, identified by pallor within the zone of the black arrows, in an F344/N rat. The dentate gyrus of the hippocampus is identified by a white arrow. This infarct was the result of an arterial embolus (arrowhead), shown at higher magnification in Figure 2. Figure 2 Arterial embolus from Figure 1 at higher magnification, in an F344/N rat. Figure 3 Acute necrosis of the posterior colliculus, a bilaterally symmetrical lesion (arrows), in the whole mount of a section in a male F344/N rat from an acute study. This resulted from the selective vulnerability of this brain region to toxin- induced impaired energy metabolism. The arrowhead identifies necrosis of the nucleus of the lateral lemniscus. Figure 4 Similar regionally selective bilateral brain necrosis of the parietal cortex area 1 (blue arrow), thalamus (arrowhead), and retrosplenial cortex (white arrow) in a treated male F344/N rat from an acute study, all resulting from the same toxic compound as used in Figure 3. Figure 5 Unusual form of malacia (total regional necrosis) of the spinal cord in the dorsal spinal funiculi (arrow) in a female F344/N rat from a chronic study. Figure 6 A cortical infarct with gliosis and capillary hyperplasia (arrow) from a male B6C3F1 mouse in a chronic study. Figure 7 A more advanced stage of cortical infarction (arrows) in a treated female B6C3F1 mouse from a chronic chronic inhalation study. Figure 8 Morphology of an infarct of known duration (arrow) in an F344/N rat with experimental infarction. -
Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone
bb5_1.qxd 13.9.2006 14:05 Page 3 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours WHO OMS International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone Edited by Christopher D.M. Fletcher K. Krishnan Unni Fredrik Mertens IARCPress Lyon, 2002 bb5_1.qxd 13.9.2006 14:05 Page 4 World Health Organization Classification of Tumours Series Editors Paul Kleihues, M.D. Leslie H. Sobin, M.D. Pathology and Genetics of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone Editors Christopher D.M. Fletcher, M.D. K. Krishnan Unni, M.D. Fredrik Mertens, M.D. Coordinating Editor Wojciech Biernat, M.D. Layout Lauren A. Hunter Illustrations Lauren A. Hunter Georges Mollon Printed by LIPS 69009 Lyon, France Publisher IARCPress International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) 69008 Lyon, France bb5_1.qxd 13.9.2006 14:05 Page 5 This volume was produced in collaboration with the International Academy of Pathology (IAP) The WHO Classification of Tumours of Soft Tissue and Bone presented in this book reflects the views of a Working Group that convened for an Editorial and Consensus Conference in Lyon, France, April 24-28, 2002. Members of the Working Group are indicated in the List of Contributors on page 369. bb5_1.qxd 22.9.2006 9:03 Page 6 Published by IARC Press, International Agency for Research on Cancer, 150 cours Albert Thomas, F-69008 Lyon, France © International Agency for Research on Cancer, 2002, reprinted 2006 Publications of the World Health Organization enjoy copyright protection in accordance with the provisions of Protocol 2 of the Universal Copyright Convention. -
Role of Histopathological Examination in Medicolegal Autopsies in Unravelling Pathology Section Precise Causes of Mortality
DOI: 10.7860/NJLM/2021/48233:2522 Original Article Role of Histopathological Examination in Medicolegal Autopsies in Unravelling Pathology Section Precise Causes of Mortality DIVYA SHARMA1, ANSHU GUPTA2, KHUSHBOO DEWAN3, KARSING PATIRI4, KUSUM GUPTA5, USHA RANI SINGH6 ABSTRACT Histopathological examination was performed in 96 cases out of Introduction: Medicolegal autopsies are performed to determine which 10 were excluded due to autolysis (n=86). Haemotoxilin the cause and manner of death. Histopathological examination and Eosin (H&E)-stained slides were examined and special is reserved for only those cases where Cause Of Death (COD) is stains and Immunohistochemistry (IHC) applied wherever not readily apparent on autopsy. However, there are conflicting required. Gross and histopathological findings were recorded views regarding the utility of histopathological examination in along with autopsy findings and clinical history. The results were medicolegal cases. tabulated and statistical analysis was done using the Chi-square and Fischer’s test to look for any significance and association Aim: To examine the role of histopathological examination in between gross and microscopic findings in various organs. The unravelling specific causes of mortality in two settings: 1) where p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. collaborative clinical history and gross autopsy findings were available; 2) where definitive cause could be discovered only Results: Histopathological examination was conclusive in at the time of microscopic examination, thus altering its legal ascertaining the specific COD in 30/86 cases (35%). These were implications. categorised as pulmonary causes (27) including one case each Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective observational of fat embolism and Amniotic Fluid Embolism (AFE) and cardiac study including all medicolegal autopsy cases, in which causes (3). -
Histopathology
INTERNATIONAL CLINICAL FELLOWSHIP TRAINING IN HISTOPATHOLOGY © Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 2019 1 This curriculum of training in Histopathology was developed in 2015 and undergoes an annual review by Prof Cecily Quinn, Clinical Lead, Leah O’Toole, Head of Postgraduate Training and Education , and by the Histopathology Training Committee. The curriculum is approved by the Faculty of Pathology. Version Date Published Last Edited By Version Comments 5.0 01 July 2019 Keith Farrington None © Royal College of Physicians of Ireland, 2019 2 Histopathology International Table of Contents Table of Contents INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................................................... 4 GENERIC COMPONENTS ................................................................................................................................... 7 GOOD PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE ................................................................................................................................. 8 INFECTION CONTROL .............................................................................................................................................. 10 SELF-CARE AND MAINTAINING WELL-BEING ............................................................................................................... 12 COMMUNICATION IN CLINICAL AND PROFESSIONAL SETTING .......................................................................................... 14 LEADERSHIP ......................................................................................................................................................... -
Cytopathology Pathology
New York State Department of Health Clinical Laboratory Standards of Practice Specialty Requirements by Category Cytopathology Pathology Cytopathology Standard Guidance Cytopathology Standard of Practice 1 (CY S1): Staining of While the actual staining technique may vary depending on the Gynecologic Slides type of stain used and the modification of the method, any modification must include the four main steps of the standard The laboratory must use a Papanicolaou or modified Papanicolaou method: fixation, nuclear staining, cytoplasmic Papanicolaou staining method for gynecologic cytology slides. staining, and clearing. Cytopathology Standard of Practice 2 (CY S2): Prevention 10 NYCRR Subparagraph 58-1.13(b)(3)(iii) requires separate of Cross Contamination Between Specimens During the staining of gynecologic and non-gynecologic slides. Staining Process In general, all stains and solutions should be filtered or The laboratory must ensure that: changed at intervals appropriate to the laboratory’s workload to a) gynecologic and non-gynecologic cytology slides are ensure staining quality meets the laboratory’s pre-established stained separately; and criteria. Stain quality should be verified every eight (8) hours for laboratories that operate twenty-four (24) hours a day. b) non-gynecologic cytology slides that have high potential for cross-contamination are stained separately from b) A toluidine blue stain may be used to determine the other non-gynecologic slides, and the stains and cellularity of non-gynecologic specimens. solutions are filtered or changed following staining. Cytopathology Standard of Practice 3 (CY S3): Targeted Slides reviewed as part of ten (10) percent re-examination must Re-examination be included in the workload limit of the cytology supervisor or the cytotechnologist performing the re-examination. -
Soft Tissue Pathology
A CME Teaching Activity 2021 Classic Lectures in Pathology: What You Need to Know: Soft Tissue Pathology Release Date: January 15, 2021 | 19.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM About This CME Teaching Activity Educational Objectives This CME Activity offers a practical review of soft tissue and bone At the completion of this CME teaching activity, you should be pathology combining basic to advanced techniques, pearls and pitfalls able to: to pathologic diagnosis and case reviews. • Develop an approach to common morphologic patterns seen in Target Audience soft tissue tumors. This CME activity is intended and designed to educate pathologists. • Discuss the ancillary diagnostic approach to difficult soft tissue Scientific Sponsor tumors including immunohistochemistry, molecular, and genetic diagnostic tests. Educational Symposia • Discuss bone-forming and cartilage-forming soft tissue tumors, as Accreditation well as sarcomas that may occasionally produce matrix. Physicians: Educational Symposia is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical Education (ACCME) to provide • Discuss the differential diagnosis of a spindle cell sarcoma with continuing medical education for physicians. herringbone/fascicular growth. Educational Symposia designates this enduring material for a maximum • Develop an integrated approach to the most common bone of 19.75 AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM. Physicians should claim only tumors seen by practicing pathologists. the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in the activity. • Explain ancillary diagnostic techniques including All activity participants are required to take a written or online test in immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnostics in the order to be awarded credit. (Exam materials, if ordered, will be sent approach to difficult soft tissue tumors. -
Soft Tissue Pathology: a One-On-One Tutorial with Purchase of Entire Set Soft Tissue Pathology: a One-On-One Tutorial ENTIRE SERIES
About This CME Teaching Activity Target Audience CME This seminar is designed to provide a practical yet This CME activity is primarily intended and comprehensive review of soft tissue tumor pathology. designed to educate pathologists. Anytime, Anywhere A pattern-based approach to diagnosis, including an emphasis on differential diagnosis, as well as the use of ancillary diagnostic methods (especially docmedED.com immunohistochemistry) will be discussed. 5% ACCESS YOUR CME Better & Faster Than Ever Before! Faster Site Speed Scientific Sponsor Order Online & Save Order Educational Symposia Improved Searchability code above the promo by providing ONE edusymp.com | Accreditation Preview Lectures FREE HOUR Physicians: Educational Symposia is accredited by the Accreditation Council for Continuing Medical $20 Education (ACCME) to provide continuing medical education for physicians. • Lectures presented by Expert Series with top educators and speakers Educational Symposia designates this enduring material for a maximum of 16.0 AMA PRA Category 1 in their specialty. Credit(s)TM. Physicians should claim only the credit commensurate with the extent of their participation in • Professionally produced Jason L. Hornick, M.D., Ph.D. the activity. and developed All activity participants are required to take a written or online test in order to be awarded credit. (Exam • Over 1,300 CME hours, materials, if ordered, will be sent with your order.) All course participants will also have the opportunity to with more added every day! critically evaluate the program as it relates to practice relevance and educational objectives. AMA PRA Category 1 Credit(s)TM for this activity may be claimed until May 14, 2022. docmedED.com EXPERIENCE TODAY! This CME activity was planned and produced by Educational Symposia, Soft Tissue a leader in continuing medical education since 1975. -
Histopathology and Cytopathology of Cervical Cancer
Disease Markers 23 (2007) 199–212 199 IOS Press Histopathology and cytopathology of cervical cancer David Jenkins Glaxo Smith Kline Biologicals, Rixensart, Belgium University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK E-mail: [email protected] 1. Introduction 30–34 y. Despite this, because of the difficulties and costs of this approach, globally, there are almost half a Histopathology and cytopathology form the scientif- million cases of cervical cancer each year. ic and clinical basis for current prevention and treat- Concurrently with the enormous success of cytolog- ment of cervical cancer. Histopathology determines ical screening, there has been increasing knowledge of treatment of cancer and precancer through classifying the challenges of the limited reproducibility of the di- into a diagnosis the patterns of microscopic organiza- agnoses, of the complex relationships between cytolog- tion of cells in tissue sections from biopsy or surgical ical and histological diagnosis and the natural history specimens. Although morphological concepts of cer- of cervical precancer, particularly the driving role of vical cancer and precancer evolution are giving way infection with genital human papillomavirus (HPV). to viral and molecular knowledge, histopathology al- This review focuses on the concepts and terminology so remains important as the most widely used clinical used in classifying morphological changes of cervical endpoints by which the performance of new techniques precancer and HPV infection, how this links to natu- for cervical cancer prevention are currently evaluated. ral history through information from cervical screening Cervical cytopathology studies exfoliated cells taken and more recent cohort studies of HPV infection. It from the surface of the cervix and is the main method addresses the issues around the performance character- of cervical screening in successful cervical cancer pre- istics (reproducibility and accuracy) of cytopathology vention programmes.