I AM ALIVE - from Eggs to Electrolux

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

I AM ALIVE - from Eggs to Electrolux I AM ALIVE - from eggs to electrolux An adaption of Margaret's Preston's autobiographical essays- Why I became a Convert to Modern Art, The Home, Vol.4, June 1923 From Eggs to Electrolux, Art in Australia, 3rd series, No 22, December 1927 Margaret Preston in the gallery amongst her paintings- a monologue for two performers MARGARET PRESTON - A vociferous firebrand of twenty and a quiet watchful little girl devised, designed and directed by SUZANNE SPUNNER Performers - JULIA HARARI as Margaret Preston and ZOE STOCK as the little red haired girl commissioned by the National Gallery of Victoria for the Public Programs, presented at MARGARET PRESTON ART and LIFE, NGVA, January 15-18, 2006 dedicated to our dear friend, BRIDGET WHITELAW (1950-2004) Curator Prints & Drawings, Australian Art at the NGV ________________________________________________ PROPS- one tall wooden artists stool, a dinner plate, a glass bowl of fresh eggs COSTUMES- MP the little girl- striped ticking pinafore, dark dress, green hair ribbon MP the young woman - long striped ticking skirt, white blouse, green tie ___________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________ MP - The woman whose paintings you see all around you - is alive, and so is the girl who was that woman, before she knew who she was, even what her name was…. Once upon a time when I was a little girl - just twelve years old - like that little girl - I borrowed my mother's best dinner plates and covered them all over with stove black. And onto the blacking I painted flannel flowers. The result so impressed my mother that she determined to have me properly trained. Her justification was that as the flowers were the image of the natural ones, I must have talent. Then, when the little girl - that little girl - was taken to the gallery - the National Gallery of Sydney - to see the pictures there, she remembers quite well her excitement at going through the turnstile to be let at large in a big quiet nice-smelling place with a lot of pictures hanging on the walls, and here and there students sitting on high stools copying at easels. Her first impression was not of beauty or wonder at the pictures , but how nice it must be to sit on a high stool with admiring people giving you "looks" as they went by, also she liked the smell of the place . She thinks now it must have been a kind of floor polish they used on the linoleum. This visit led her to decide to be an artist. Was it the paintings, the high stools, the admiring looks or the smell? Her mother knew no artists, so she asked a schoolteacher who reccomended a needy friend. This friend belonged to the school of art that could be best described as painting without tears, the process was so simple and the results so convincing. A piece of frosted glass was placed over a copy of water lilies or swans, and then traced with pencil and afterwards the colours filled in. The needy lady did, however, teach her to paint on china and bake the colours herself, and at thirteen she won a prize for china painting but it still wasn't sitting on a stool at the National Gallery - they did not very much care for painting on frosted glass. If she wanted a work of hers on their walls, and to sit on a high stool it would be necessary to paint direct from Nature. Then an inspiration came - why not go back to the Art Gallery and ask the man at the turnstile. He ought surely to know something, being with those pictures all day long. The man with the buttons on his jacket at the turnstile recommended "a promising young feller". He was very nice and helpful and promised that everything she did was to be from life, and it was. After some months of careful teaching, the promising young man who was really a very thoughtful person suggested that it would be wiser if she were sent to Melbourne to learn in a big school with other students, how to draw from the antique - to begin from the beginning. As it made no difference to her family where they lived- they went to Melbourne The Victorian National Gallery had acquired a new master and it was to this great man she was sent. And so she began her drawing lessons with one of the kindest cleverest of artists - Fred Mc Cubbin. He didn't really teach - the students would wait and when the lesson came, it was only to hear that still more could be done. Yet he was the best teacher she could have had. He allowed her to feel that there was someone to help but not to influence. However life was not always so peaceful - at intervals another Master appeared- Bernard Hall - austere, biting and immaculate, where Mc Cubbin was gentle, generous and disheveled. At various times in the year the new Master demanded that victims of a certain standard in drawing should be laid on the altar of pain under his supervision. The teaching was magnificent,but wasn't he vitriolic! Nerves of iron and talent were necessary to withstand his onslaughts, especially to one such as she, who did not appreciate his liking for hideous models. Fate intervened to help her - it was necessary to choose numbers to get a place at the model and as she often got the worst place, she was allowed because of the crowded classes to work quietly at still life in the adjoining studio. Here she would work day in and day out at her precious eggs! Many days would she spend painting at a small high light, such perfection of detail being demanded. And the next year was a happy one for the Still Life Scholarship was hers. It would seem that a liking for inanimate objects was born in her. Then comes a domestic upset and she must return to Adelaide. Her art work was really begun at this time. As a young girl not yet in her twenties, she made up her mind to teach art for a living from Monday until Saturday and paint her own pictures the rest of the time. To choose her own subjects and do them in her own way, leaving all thought of selling out of her mind. Against all opposition of friends and relatives she painted eggs, onions and dead rabbits - just everything she liked. It was no use explaining to people that the other more "beautiful" subjects - landscapes, sunsets and ladies - did not interest her - not at all. Every weekend found her painting away at her eggs; her ideal at the time was to paint them with such fidelity to nature that they could almost be used in the kitchen If you could cook - I can't - you could make an omelette or bake a cake - with my eggs! But then a disturbing thought came to her as they were wont to do. If she really painted as well as that, surely she would be the very best painter of Still Life in the world! The doing of it was so easy. It worried her, there must be more if she could become famous just for that. She must take a trip abroad to see really where she stood. She began to save and soon the pence had become sufficient pounds to go away. Her art tour began in Venice, but as nothing impresses the ignorant - Titian and the rest did not impress - in fact her feeling was one of sympathy with an irate American lady whom she heard saying - "Rubbens - Rubbenns - if I see any more of that man's paint I'll go mad!" It took Munich and modern German Art to awaken here, but it took a while. There were two very strong elements in Munich at the time - the dead Realists and the lively Moderns. Naturally being who she was then, she condemned the Moderns and went willingly with the deads. At the Secessionist Exhibition, she overheard - they were speaking German- apparently sane artists and students talking about a picture that had a large pink dragon, with a lady victim clad in yellow being rescued by a gentleman in black clothes- even with her Australian German she understood they were actually admiring it - she felt sick. She wrote home - - "half German art is mad and vicious and a good deal of it is dull: I am glad to say my work stands up with the best of them" To the pure all is pure, to the blank all is blank She had to leave such a mad country and risk her morals in Paris. There she found Realism triumphant - myriads of canvases - but again its very multitudiniousness-ness made her think that if painting is as easy as this, why is it regarded as art? So again she paid her door money to a Modern show and this time, she tried to think. But it was more outrageous than the German stuff. There was only one thing to do - get a teacher to explain what these people thought they were doing . The wise man realized that our little Australian was really worried and wanted to learn. So he sent her to study Japanese art in the Musee Guimet , to let her learn slowly that there is more than one vision in art - - that a picture that is meant to fill a certain space should decorate that space. She found at last that the eggs could appear different and suggest something more than being merely edible.
Recommended publications
  • Helen Lempriere Mid-20Th Century Representations of Aboriginal Themes Gloria Gamboz
    Helen Lempriere Mid-20th century representations of Aboriginal themes Gloria Gamboz The best-known legacy of the While living in Paris and London in half of the 20th century has created Australian painter, sculptor and the 1950s, Lempriere was influenced some contention, and these works are printmaker Helen Lempriere by anthropological descriptions of now being reinvestigated as part of (1907–1991) is the sculpture prize Australian Indigenous cultures, and a broader examination of emerging and travelling scholarship awarded in developed a highly personal and Australian nationhood. A study of her name. Less well known, however, expressive mode of interpretation Lempriere’s life, influences and key are her post–World War II works that blended Aboriginal themes with works provides an insight into the exploring Aboriginal myths, legends her own vision. The appropriation cultural climate of post–World War II and iconography. Twelve of these of Aboriginal themes by non- Australia, and the understanding of are held by the Grainger Museum Indigenous Australian women Aboriginal culture by non-Indigenous at the University of Melbourne, and artists like Lempriere in the first women artists. have recently been made available on the museum’s online catalogue.1 They form part of a wider collection of works both by, and depicting, Helen Lempriere, bequeathed by Lempriere’s husband, Keith Wood, in 1996.2 The collection is likely to have come to the Grainger Museum through a mutual contact, the Sydney- based curator, collector and gallery director Elinor
    [Show full text]
  • Imagery of Arnhem Land Bark Paintings Informs Australian Messaging to the Post-War USA
    arts Article Cultural Tourism: Imagery of Arnhem Land Bark Paintings Informs Australian Messaging to the Post-War USA Marie Geissler Faculty of Law Humanities and the Arts, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia; [email protected] Received: 19 February 2019; Accepted: 28 April 2019; Published: 20 May 2019 Abstract: This paper explores how the appeal of the imagery of the Arnhem Land bark painting and its powerful connection to land provided critical, though subtle messaging, during the post-war Australian government’s tourism promotions in the USA. Keywords: Aboriginal art; bark painting; Smithsonian; Baldwin Spencer; Tony Tuckson; Charles Mountford; ANTA To post-war tourist audiences in the USA, the imagery of Australian Aboriginal culture and, within this, the Arnhem Land bark painting was a subtle but persistent current in tourism promotions, which established the identity and destination appeal of Australia. This paper investigates how the Australian Government attempted to increase American tourism in Australia during the post-war period, until the early 1970s, by drawing on the appeal of the Aboriginal art imagery. This is set against a background that explores the political agendas "of the nation, with regards to developing tourism policies and its geopolitical interests with regards to the region, and its alliance with the US. One thread of this paper will review how Aboriginal art was used in Australian tourist designs, which were applied to the items used to market Australia in the US. Another will explore the early history of developing an Aboriginal art industry, which was based on the Arnhem Land bark painting, and this will set a context for understanding the medium and its deep interconnectedness to the land.
    [Show full text]
  • Emu Island: Modernism in Place 26 August — 19 November 2017
    PenrithIan Milliss: Regional Gallery & Modernism in Sydney and InternationalThe Lewers Trends Bequest Emu Island: Modernism in Place 26 August — 19 November 2017 Emu Island: Modernism in Place Penrith Regional Gallery & The Lewers Bequest 1 Spring Exhibition Suite 26 August — 19 November 2017 Introduction 75 Years. A celebration of life, art and exhibition This year Penrith Regional Gallery & The Lewers Bequest celebrates 75 years of art practice and exhibition on this site. In 1942, Gerald Lewers purchased this property to use as an occasional residence while working nearby as manager of quarrying company Farley and Lewers. A decade later, the property became the family home of Gerald and Margo Lewers and their two daughters, Darani and Tanya. It was here the family pursued their individual practices as artists and welcomed many Sydney artists, architects, writers and intellectuals. At this site in Western Sydney, modernist thinking and art practice was nurtured and flourished. Upon the passing of Margo Lewers in 1978, the daughters of Margo and Gerald Lewers sought to honour their mother’s wish that the house and garden at Emu Plains be gifted to the people of Penrith along with artworks which today form the basis of the Gallery’s collection. Received by Penrith City Council in 1980, the Neville Wran led state government supported the gift with additional funds to create a purpose built gallery on site. Opened in 1981, the gallery supports a seasonal exhibition, education and public program. Please see our website for details penrithregionalgallery.org Cover: Frank Hinder Untitled c1945 pencil on paper 24.5 x 17.2 Gift of Frank Hinder, 1983 Penrith Regional Gallery & The Lewers Bequest Collection Copyright courtesy of the Estate of Frank Hinder Penrith Regional Gallery & The Lewers Bequest 2 Spring Exhibition Suite 26 August — 19 November 2017 Introduction Welcome to Penrith Regional Gallery & The of ten early career artists displays the on-going Lewers Bequest Spring Exhibition Program.
    [Show full text]
  • Gordon Bennettcv
    Gordon BENNETT: Curriculum Vitae 1955-2014 Born Monto, Queensland, lived and worked in Brisbane 1986-88 Bachelor of Arts (Fine Arts), Queensland College of Art, Brisbane 1990 Winner of Aberdare Art Prize, Ipswich City Council Regional Gallery, Ipswich 1991 Winner of the Moet & Chandon Australian Art Fellowship 1993 Artist in Residence, University of Melbourne, MacGeorge Fellowship 1994 Winner of the Contemporary Art Excellence Award, Nudgee College, Brisbane 1995 Australian Network for Art and Technology Summer School, Brisbane 1995 Winner of the Pine Rivers Art Prize Winner of the Logan City Painting Prize 1996 Anniversary Creative Arts Fellow, Australian National University, Canberra 1997 Winner of the SCEGGS Redlands/ Westpac Art Award, Sydney 1997 Winner of the John McCaughey Memorial Art Prize, National Gallery of Victoria, Melbourne 1998 Winner of the Jacaranda Acquisitive Drawing Award, Grafton Regional Gallery, Grafton 2014 Awarded Griffith University Arts, Education and Law Outstanding Alumnus of the Year and Queensland College of Art Outstanding Alumnus of the Year 2016 Recipient of Tate Modern and the Museum of Contemporary Art inaugural Acquisition Program purchased jointly through the Qantas Foundation Solo Exhibitions 2016 Gordon Bennett: Home Décor (after Margaret Preston), Sutton Gallery, Melbourne Gordon Bennett: Moving Images Part I, Centre for Contemporary Photography, Melbourne Gordon Bennett: Moving Images Part II, Sutton Gallery, Melbourne Gordon Bennett: Home Décor / Ancestor Figures, Milani Gallery, Brisbane 2015-18
    [Show full text]
  • Making Modernism Student Resource
    STUDENT RESOURCE INTRODUCTION The time of Georgia O’Keeffe, Margaret Preston and Grace Cossington Smith was characterised by scientific discovery, war, rapid urbanisation, engineering and industrialisation. Rather than working toward tonal modelling and ‘imitative drawing’ techniques, these women artists were driven toward abstraction by theories about colour and distortion initiated by the Fauvists in Europe, as well as by their own fascination with the depiction of light. Arthur Wesley Dow’s design exercises — influenced by Japanese aesthetics (Orientalism) that aimed to achieve harmony using notan, or ‘dark and light’ — were being taught around the world, including to O’Keeffe at a Georgia O’Keeffe / Ram’s Head, Blue Morning Glory (detail) 1938 / Gift of The Burnett Foundation 2007 / University of Virginia summer school; here in Australia, Collection: Georgia O’Keeffe Museum, Santa Fe / © Georgia O’Keeffe Museum Preston was reading about them. 1, 2 BEFORE VISIT ‘ Do not go where the path may RESEARCH – What is Modernism? Write a definition lead, go instead where there that considers the following terms: rapid change, is no path and leave a trail.’ world view, transportation, industrialisation, innovation, experimentation, rejecting tradition, realism, abstraction. Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–82), North American essayist and poet Locate on maps the cities, regions and other places significant to O’Keeffe, Preston and Cossington Smith, including New Mexico, Sydney Harbour and England. DEVELOP – Use Google Earth to find and take screen ‘ Lasting art is endlessly interesting shots of these locations and the vehicles in use at the time. because its meaning is constantly remade by each generation, by each REFLECT – Consider the impact of travel on artists, individual viewer.’ seeing new countries and landscapes for the first time.
    [Show full text]
  • PRIMARY Education Resource
    A break away! painted at Corowa, New South Wales, and Melbourne, 1891 oil on canvas 137.3 x 167.8 cm Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide, Elder Bequest Fund, 1899 PRIMARY Education resource Primary Education Resource 1 For teachers How to use this learning resource for primary students Tom Roberts is a major INTRODUCTION exhibition of works from the National Gallery of Australia’s ‘All Australian paintings are in some way a homage to Tom Roberts.’ Arthur Boyd collection as well as private and Tom Roberts (1856–1931) is arguably one of Australia’s public collections from around best-known and most loved artists, standing high among his talented associates at a vital moment in local painting. Australia. His output was broad-ranging, and includes landscapes, figures in the landscape, industrial landscapes and This extraordinary exhibition brings together Roberts’ cityscapes. He was also Australia’s leading portrait most famous paintings loved by all Australians. Paintings painter of the late nineteenth and early twentieth such as Shearing the rams 1888–90 and A break away! centuries. In addition he made a small number of etchings 1891 are among the nation’s best-known works of art. and sculptures and in his later years he painted a few nudes and still lifes. This primary school resource for the Tom Roberts exhibition explores the themes of the 9 by 5 Impression Roberts was born in Dorchester, Dorset, in the south of exhibition, Australia and the landscape, Portraiture, England and spent his first 12 years there. However he Making a nation, and Working abroad.
    [Show full text]
  • Material Pleasures: the Still Life in the Fiction of AS Byatt
    University of Wollongong Research Online University of Wollongong Thesis Collection University of Wollongong Thesis Collections 2009 Material pleasures: the still life in the fiction of A. S. Byatt Elizabeth Hicks University of Wollongong Recommended Citation Hicks, Elizabeth, Material pleasures: the still life in the fiction of A. S. Byatt, Doctor of Philosophy thesis, , University of Wollongong, 2009. http://ro.uow.edu.au/theses/3546 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact Manager Repository Services: [email protected]. MATERIAL PLEASURES: The Still Life in the Fiction of A. S. Byatt There are . things made with hands . that live a life different from ours, that live longer than we do, and cross our lives in stories . (Byatt, A. S. “The Djinn in the Nightingale’s Eye” 277) Elizabeth Hicks ABSTRACT This thesis explores the ways in which English writer A. S. (Antonia) Byatt’s veneration of both realism and writing informs her use of ekphrasis, investigating the prominence of the still life in her fictional output to 2009. In doing so it distinguishes between visual still lifes (descriptions of real or imagined artworks) and what are termed for the purposes of the study ‘verbal still lifes’ (scenes such as laid tables, rooms and market stalls). This is the first full-length examination of Byatt’s adoption of the Barthesian concept of textual pleasure, demonstrating how her ekphrastic descriptions involve consumption and take time to unfold for the reader, thereby elevating domesticity and highlighting the limitations of painting. In locating what may be termed a ‘Byattian’ aesthetic, this study combines several areas of scholarship, particularly literary criticism of Byatt and others, food writing, and feminist and postmodernist criticism.
    [Show full text]
  • Grace Cossington Smith
    Grace Cossington Smith A RETROSPECTIVE EXHIBITION Proudly sponsored by This exhibition has been curated by Deborah Hart, Senior Curator, Australian Paintings and Sculpture at the National Gallery of Australia. Booking details Entry $12 Members and concessions $8 Entry for booked school groups and students under 16 is free Online teachers’ resources Visit nga.gov.au to download study sheets that can be used with on-line images – key works have been selected and are accompanied by additional text. Other resources available The catalogue to the exhibition: Grace Cossington Smith (a 10% discount is offered for schools’ purchases) Available from the NGA shop. Phone 1800 808 337 (free call) or 02 6240 6420, email [email protected], or shop online at ngashop.com.au Audio tour Free children’s trail Postcards, cards, bookmarks and posters Venues and dates National Gallery of Australia, Canberra 4 March – 13 June 2005 Art Gallery of South Australia, Adelaide 29 July – 9 October 2005 Art Gallery of New South Wales, Sydney 29 October 2005 – 15 January 2006 Queensland Art Gallery, Brisbane 11 February – 30 April 2006 nga.gov.au/CossingtonSmith The National Gallery of Australia is an Australian Government Agency GRACE COSSINGTON SMITH EDUCATION RESOURCE Teachers’ notes Grace Cossington Smith (1892–1984) is one of Australia’s most important artists; a brilliant colourist, she was one of this country’s first Post-Impressionsts. She is renowned for her iconic urban images and radiant interiors. Although Cossington Smith was keenly attentive to the modern urban environment, she also brought a deeply personal, intimate response to the subjects of her art.
    [Show full text]
  • Financial Returns and Price Determinants in the Australian Art Market, 1973-2003
    University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Commerce - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Business and Law 1-6-2005 Financial returns and price determinants in the Australian art market, 1973-2003 H. Higgs Queensland University of Technology A. C. Worthington University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers Part of the Business Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Higgs, H. and Worthington, A. C.: Financial returns and price determinants in the Australian art market, 1973-2003 2005. https://ro.uow.edu.au/commpapers/15 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Financial returns and price determinants in the Australian art market, 1973-2003 Abstract In this study, 37,605 paintings by sixty well-known Australian artists sold at auction over the period 1973-2003 are used to construct a hedonic price index. The attributes included in the hedonic regression model include the name and living status of the artist, the size and medium of the painting, and the auction house and year in which the painting was sold. The resulting index indicates that returns on Australian fine-art averaged seven percent over the period with a standard deviation of sixteen percent. The hedonic regression model also captures the willingness to pay for perceived attributes in the artwork, and this shows that works by McCubbin, Gascoigne, Thomas and Preston and other artists deceased at the time of auction, works executed in oils or acrylic, and those auctioned by Sotheby’s or Christie’s are associated with higher prices.
    [Show full text]
  • Art Deco from the National Collection
    Secondary school education resource National Collecting Institutions Touring & Outreach Program 1 Curriculum connections This resource may be used to: • complement an experience of Art Deco through activities and ideas to assist with preparation for This Art Deco education resource invites students to the gallery visit explore the vitality and innovation of Art Deco art and design in early twentieth-century Australia through • as a reference when students are viewing the work responding and making. It explores the influence of technological advancements and urbanisation across • deepen understanding and engagement post-visit a diverse range of artforms in the aftermath of World War I. • support in-depth research into Art Deco art and design, its wider historical context and the work of Art Deco is perfectly suited to foster students’ critical individual artists associated with Art Deco. and creative thinking skills. By applying a sequence of exercises, students will develop an increasingly The resource includes the following learning activities, sophisticated understanding of problem-solving paired with major themes of the exhibition: processes and interpretation. Through the creation of their own works of art, students are required to • Speak your mind: Talking points or provocations identify, explore and organise information and ideas. to facilitate contemplation and discussion as well as offer opportunities for students to engage with This resource is directly linked to the Australian art history and theory through exploratory research Curriculum and is designed to develop successful tasks learners, confident and creative individuals and active, informed citizens. Students are encouraged to reflect • Get to work: Creative art making suggestions that on Art Deco from a contemporary perspective and to explore key concepts consider and question values, attitudes, perspectives and assumptions.
    [Show full text]
  • Margaret Preston and Margaret Olley
    Two Margarets Margaret Preston Margaret Olley Garry Law Margaret Preston 1875 – 1963 Margaret Olley 1923 – 2011 Both Australian Both primarily representational - particularly still life Both were content to live in Australia though much travelled Output of both much loved, lauded and well represented in Australian public galleries Margaret Preston Born Port Adelaide • Painter (oil, egg tempera, gouache) • Printmaker (wood block, wood engraving, linocut, screenprint stencil, lithograph, monotype) • Potter • Teacher Born Margaret Rose MacPhearson. Father was a ship’s engineer – died young – syphilis. Close relationship with her mother who encouraged her art – and paid for study to the disbenefit of her other daughter. Went by the name of Rose MacPhearson until her marriage. Formal realist academic training – while life class outputs were well regarded and did some landscapes she chose to concentrate on still life. Some teachers were attempting to create an Australian art – but this little influenced her then. Mother moved to Melbourne so Margaret could attend the National Gallery School. Gold wealth had left Melbourne with a well stocked gallery of European work to use as models. Some prominent artists who taught her were Frederick McCubbin and Hans Heysen Returned to Adelaide to the Adelaide School of Design Taught in Adelaide – to help family finances. Held life classes First European Trip 1904-1906 Shortly after death of her mother Wishing to advance her formal academic training. Companion was Bessie Davidson - former student of Preston younger and wealthier – supplied financial support. Davidson’s parents forbad Paris as a destination so they went to Munich but later reverted to Paris. Exposed to Fauves, Secessionists - confused by them.
    [Show full text]
  • Margaret Preston (1875-1963)
    1 The Asian Modern © John Clark, 2013 Margaret Preston (1875-1963) Precursor discourses domestic According to Bean[ in the Official History of Australia in the War of 1914-18 (1921)] The expected evolution [of British race and culture] had advanced more rapidly in Australia than in any other British dominion. Climate and an active outdoor life had already differentiated a new type in this embryonic great nation, ‘the body wiry and the face clean, easily lined, thin-lipped’. The new types spoke with a distinctive accent and subscribed to the creed inherited from the gold miner and the bushman, ‘ of which the chief article was that a man should at all times, and at any cost stand by his mates’. Bean’s Anzac [of the Australian expeditionary forces during the Great War] marked what Russell Ward, towards the end of the period here under survey [1915-1965], called ‘the apotheosis of the nomad tribe’: he was the embodiment of those traits that historical and literary imagination had perceived in the experience of convicts and settlers, gold-diggers and shearers. Even though Bean knew that, statistically, his digger was just as likely to come from the cities as the bush. (Kiernan, 1988, 269-70) The war consolidated a growing sense of nationhood, though still nationhood within the Empire; patriotism and imperial loyalty were comfortably compatible. Until well after World War II, probably most Australians, and they were overwhelmingly of British descent, saw themselves as W.K. Hancock described them to an English readership in 1930 , as ‘independent Australian Britons’. (Kiernan, 1988, 270) D.H.
    [Show full text]