724 CONGRESSIONAL REOORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 5, sylv-ama, favoring restriction of immigration-to the Committee . cia1ty Company, of Zeeland, Mich.,. in favor of bili H. R. 7079- on Immigration and Naturalization. to the -Qommittee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of Subdivision No. :673, Brotherhood -of Loco- Also, petition of the Hart Mirror Plate Company, of Grand motive Engineers, of Pittston, Pa.-to the 'Committee on Inter- 1 Rapids, Mich., in favor of bill H. R. 7079-to the Committee on state and Foreign Commerce. Ways and Means. By Mr. PATTERSON of Tennessee: Petition of the Cigar Also, petition of the Wolverine Motor Works, of . Grand Makers' Union of America. .against reduction of the duty on . Rapids, Mich., in favor of bill (H. R. -'707"9) for removal of tax cigars from the Philippines-to the Committee on Ways and on alcohol used in the arts-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Means. By Mr. RAINEY; Papers to accompany resolution -:for relief By Mr. SMITH oi Arizona: Protest of the Arizona Miners' of WBliam R. Payne-to the Committee on Clalms. . Association and the Arizona Cattle Growers' Association, By Mr. RHINOCK; Papm- to .accompany bill for relief of against the joint statehood bill-to the Committee on the Ter- Stepben Cundiff-to the Committee on Pensions. ritorjes. By 1\fr. RIVES: Pa,per to accompany bill for relief of Jacob By Mr. SMITH of Illinois: Petition of Local Union No. 944 P. Mountz-to the Committee on Military Affairs. and Local Union No. 986, of Herrin, 111., United Mine Workers By Mr. RIXEY: Paper to -accompany bill for relief of Jared . of America, favoring restriction of immigration-to the Com­ Chamblin, Loudoun County, Va.-to the Committee on War mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. Claims: · By Mr. SPERRY : Resolution of the Cigar Makers' Union of Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Catherine E. Ansonia, Conn., against the Philippine tariff bill-to the Com- Heishley-to the Committee on Invaliu Pensions. mittee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of citizens of Virginia, for an appropriation to Also, resolution of several divisions of Brotherhood of Loco- improve navigation of Aquia Creek-to the Committee on Rivers motive Engineers, employed on New York, New Haven and and Harbors. Hartford Railroad~ against the Esch-Townsend bill-to the By Mr. ROBERTS: Petitions of the American Humane Edu- Committee on Interstate and l!'oreign Commerce. cation Society and the Massachusetts Society for the Prevention Also, petition of manufacturers of the Second district of Con­ of Cru-elty to Animals, against any alteration of transportation necticut, favoring passage of bill H. R. 7079-to the Committee law relative to Jive stock-to the Committee on the Judiciary. on Ways and Means. By Mr. RUCKER: Petition of John L. Beveridge and -otherE~, 1 By Mr. STEVENS of Minnesota: Paper to accompany bill for for a volunteer retired list for volunteer generals of the Army relief of Lizzie Bremmer-to the Committ-ee on Invalid Pen- of the Umted States-to the Committee on Military .Affairs. sions. By Mr. RYAN: Paper to accompany bill (H. R. 2270) to grant Also, petition of the North St. Paul Casket Company, for re- an increase of pensjon to John Lehn-to the Committee on movnl of rev-enue tax on domestic alcohol-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . Ways and 1\fea.nB. - Also, paper to ·accompany bill (H. R. 2262) to grant increa~e Also, petition of the Anlerican Alliance of 1\finnesota, for of pension to John Seymour-to the Committee on Invallu ratification of a favorable commercial treaty with the German Pensions. . Empire-to the Commjttee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. SCHNE.EBELI: Resolution of Brotherhood of Loco- By 1\lr. SULZER: Petition of Rev. C. H. Kni..,.ht, of Goshen, motive Engineers, No. 259, of Easton, Pa., protesting against N. Y., against the Army canteen-to the .Committee -on Military the Esch-Townsend bill-to the Committee on Interstate and Affairs. Foreign Commerce. Also, petition of Simon Kraussman & Co., the Central Fed- Also, resolution of the Central Labor Union, of Easton, Pa., erated Union, and the Manhattan Island Cigar Factory, against protesting against the employment of Chinese and Koreans on bill H. R. 3, relative to the Philippine tariff-to the Committee the isthmian canal-to the Committee on Labor. on Ways and Means. Also, petition of George B. Datsman and 25 others; the - By Mr. TAWNEY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Japanese and Korean Exclusion League of San Francisco, Cal.; Lewis F. Davis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the National Council, Junior Order United American Mechanics, Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Elizabeth Moore­ of Jamestown, Ohio; Cherry Council, No. 243, Junior Order to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. " Unlted AmeTican Mechanics, of Cherryville, Pa., and Stroh Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of John B. Gerard­ Council, No. 731, of Weissport, Pa., favoring extension of immi- to the Committee on Invalid Penmons. gration law-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturali- By l\1r. TOWNSEND: Paper to accompany bill for relief of zation. Henry Good-to the Committee on Military Affairs. AlM, petition of Drake & Co., of Easton, Pa.; .J. A. Eberto & Co., of Bethlehem, Pa.; the Knickerbocker Brace Company, of Easton, ;pa. ; Bush & Bull, of Easton, Pa. ; C. K. Williams & Co. ; HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. F. S. Bixbee & Co. ; Moger Brothers, and R. & H. Simon, of Easton. P.a.; the Bethlehem Foundry and Machine Company, Weston FRIDAY, Janua:ry 5, 1906. Dodson & Co., and Fechter & Martin, of Bethlehem, Pa., favoring The House met at 12 o'clock m. the parcels post-to the Committee on the Post-Office and Post­ Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. CoUDEN, D. D. Roads. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and ap­ Also, letter inclosing resolutions ·relating to visiting Chinese proved. students to the United States-to the Committee on Immigra­ PHILIPPINE TARIFF. tion and Naturalization. By l\fr~ SCO'I'T: Petition of citizens of Kansas, for survey Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move that the House re oh-e of the Neosho River-to the Committee on Agriculture. itself into Commitee of the Whole House on the state of the Also, petition of citizens of Kansas, favoring restriction of Union for the further consideration of House bill No. 3, to immigration-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturali­ amend an act entitled "An act temporarily to provide rev-enue zation. for the Philippine Islands, and for other purposes/' approv-ed By 1\fr. SHARTEL: Petition of Cigar Makers' Local Union M-arch 8, 1902. of Joplin, Mo., urging defeat of bill H. R. 3, for a reduction Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, will the gentleman from New of tariff on cigars-to the Committee on Ways and Means. York permit me to move to discharge the Committee on Im­ Also, resoluton of citizens of Missouri, urging passage of a migration from the consideration of a privileged resolution bill to restrict immigration-to the Committee on Immigration which I send to the Clerk's desk, and ask that the same be now and Naturalization. adopted? · By Mr. SHERMAN: Paper to accompany bill for relief of The SPEAKER. Does the gentleman from New York [Mr. Robert Bothrick-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PAYNE] yield? Bv Mr. SLAYDEN: Petition and affidavit of Elizabeth A. Mr. PAYNE. I do not yield. Magill, for Indian depredations-to the Committee on Claims. Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, it will only take a minute or so By 'Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH : Petition of the Oentm·y Fur­ to do this. niture Company, of Grand Rapids, Mich., in favor of bill H. R. Mr. PAYNE. I understand that it is a resolution reported 7079--to the Committee on Ways and Means. adversely by the Committee on Ways and Means. Al o, petition of the Widdicomb Furniture Company, of Grand Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, the gentleman is mistaken. It Rapids, 1\fich., in favor of bill H. R. 7079-to the Committee on is not that resolution. This resolution I now ask to have con­ .Ways and Means. sidered is a privileged inquiry ca.lling on the Secretary of Com­ Also, petition of the Zeeland Furniture Manufacturing Com­ merce and Labor to send to this House copies of three reports pany, the Star Furniture Company, and the Wolverine Spe- heretofore made by Special Immigrant Inspector Marcus Brau111, 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD:--HOUSE~ ,•; I 725

of New York City, in 1904 and 1905, regarding immigration be­ the Ways and_Means Committee, under the lead of the chairman, tween Austria-Hungary and the United: States. who introduced the bill, propose to reduce the Dingley tariff :Mr. PAYNE. Has it been reported by any committee? rates on tobacco and sugar imported into the Uhited States Mr. SULZER. This resolution is now privileged under -the from the Philippine Islands-wholly the product thereof, from rules, because it was introduced more than a week ago, and 75 per cent, where they now stand, to 25 per cent of the same, the committee bas not reported it or acted upon it. It was and we are to have the same provision for our products into the introduced by me on the 13th day of December. Philippine Islands until the 11th day of April, 1909. That is Mr. DALZELL. What committee? the day of the expiration of the treaty with Spain. But after Mr. SULZER. The Committee on Immigration and Natu- the 11th of April, 1909, the Ways and 1\Ieans Committee bill, ralization. the majority bill, provides there shall be free trade with those :Mr. PAYNE. I think I will insist on my motion. islands. The gentleman from Mississippi [Mr. WILLIAMS], the Mr. SULZER. Very well, I will callit up again. Democratic leader and ranldng Democratic member of the Ways The SPEAKER. The gentleman from New York [Mr. and Means Committee, inttoduced a substitute providing for PAYNE] declines to yield. The question is on the motion that immediate free trade with the Philippine Islands. I do not tile House resolve itself into the Committee of the Whole think I am violating any of the secrets of the committee when House on the state of the Union for the further consideration I say that that substitute was voted down. Then we voted of House bill No. 3. against reporting this bill simply because they would not vote The motion was agreed to. for our substitute. We filed a minority report, a very short The House accordingly resolved itself into Committee of one, of which I will read every word, and which seem·s to cover tile Whole House on the state of the Union, Mr. OLMSTED in the entire subject: the chail·. The undersigned members of the minority of the committee believe that the anomalous and preposterous status of the Philippine Islands, The CHAIRMAN. The House is in Committee of the Whole by which they are treated as American territory for certain purposes House on the state of the Union for the further consideration and as foreign or semiforeign territory for certain other purposes, can of the bill H. R. 3-the Philippine tariff bill. not be long maintained and should be immediately terminated. At present, according to the whim of Congress or the Executive, they Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, we all listened yes­ aJ,"e considered as American or foreign, or as both American and foreign, terday with a ,great deal of interest, pleasure, and instruction or as neither Amel'ican nor foreign. · to the very elaborate speech of the gentleman from New York In justice to both the Filipinos and ourselves they should be consid· ered as altogether American or altogether foreign. [Mr. PAYNE], chairman of the Committee on Ways and Means. So long as we retain them we favor the establishment and mainte­ If I were certain that every Member of the House had either nance of free trade betwixt them and the United States. heard that speech or had read it, I would feel that any remarks 'l'he party, which we in part represent, desires to get rid of them at the earliest practicable moment, and we welcome the dissatisfaction o:f at all explaining this Philippine tariff bill would be superfluous: the hitherto legislatively :favored classes, ~rowing out of the competi­ Since this House developed from a deliberative assembly into a tion of the products of Pbilippine labor wrth our own products in our own market as a possible moving cause to governmental divorce between business body, what the :Members want is facts more than rhe­ the Philippine Archipelago and the balance of the United States. toric. '.rbat speech of the chairman of the Ways and Means For these reasons we otfer as a substitute for H. R. 3 H. R. 406, Committee was replete from end to end with instructive facts. which is in words and figures as follows : Shakespeare says: "A bill to secure to the Philippine Islands free trade with the bal­ ance of the domain of the United States. To gild refined gold, to paint the lily, aBe it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the To throw a perfume on the violet, United States ot Amer·ica in Congress asse1nblea, That from and after To smooth the ice, or add another hue the date of the passage of this act all goods, wares, merchandise, or Unto the rainbow, or with taper-light other articles, being the growth or product of any of the islands form­ To seek the beauteous eye of heaven to garnish, ing a part o:f the archipelago called the Philippines, or of the island o:f Is wasteful and ridiculous excess. Guam, when shipped to any port of Hawaii, Porto Rico, or to any other port of the United States, shall enter any said port free of import duty. I say in perfect soberness that so far as information is con­ " SEC. 2. That from and after the passage of this act all goods, wares, cerned in favor of the bill it is almost impossible to improve it. merchandise, and other articles, being the growth or product of Porto In thinking of his speech I am reminded of the incident wherein Rico, Hawaii, or any other appurtenance, Territory, or State of the do­ main of the United States, when shipped to any port of the Philippines a man offered a prize to two negroes, each one to name the three or Guam shall enter any said port free of import duty. best things on earth to eat. They went into the contest, and tile " SEc. 3. That all existing provisions of law enacted by the Congress, first one named "Watermelons, possum, and sweet potatoes." by the Philippine Commission, or by any other authority whatsoever, civil or military, which are in conflict with the provisions of this act The other one said: " Gosh, boss, I won't play, 'cause he has ere hereby repealed: Providf:d, h01vever, 'rhat nothing herein contained named all there is." [Laughter.] shall be construed to repeal the provisions of a treaty of peace entered But for fear some Member did not hear or read it, I shall into at Paris, France, on the lOth day of December, 1898, by and be­ tween the United States of America and His Majesty the King of Spain, state a few pertinent facts here to-day. and confirmed by the Senate of the United States on the 6th day of Feb­ 'l'here bas been a vast amount of talk about the productive ruary, 1899." capacity of the Philippine Islands; also about their area. I If the substitute herein proposed is voted down we will support II. R. 3, being the bill reported by the majority, on the principle that it is a will confess I never was more astonished in my life, except long step in the logical and right direction. when a Republican beat me for Congress in 1894 [laughter], .TOHN SHARP WILLIAMS. than I was when I found out how small the area of the Philip­ CHA!IIP CLARK. W111. BOURKE COCKRAN. pine Islands really is. Probably eyery Member of the House 0SCAll W. UNDERWOOD. that bas not inv-estigated the matter will be surprised. Accord­ D. L. D. GRANGER. ing to the figures of the Philippine agricultural bureau, the total There is no subject that I ev-er have had anything to do with area of the archipelago is 73,000,000 acres, of which 50,000,000 on which there has been so much exaggeration, both up and are forests and mountain lands practically worthless for agricul­ down, to magnify and minify the value of the Philippine tural purposes, and of the remaining 23,000,000 only 3,200,000 Isl:mds. According to those ambitious to exploit them, they acres are cultiv-ated in crops, as follows : Sugar, 180,000; rice, constitute a regular paradise; to listen to other people, a rrian 1,600,000; tobacco, 80,000; sweet potatoes, 60,000 ; plantains, should be very much disposed to go to his grave rather than to 85,000; hemp, 550,000 ; cocoanuts, 375,000; corn, 267,000. liv-e in them. As usual, the truth is in medias 1·es. Here is an In this counhy we are in the habit of talking about

Philippine Islands. [Laughter.] I will tell you when was the can c1tizen can not make up his mind to ever divorce a single time to raise this question about the importation of sugar into foot of land to which we have even the color of title. Land lust the United States from tropical countries free of duties. They is in the breed. It is one of our master passions. That l'ugar are just seven years too late. They are performing the con- could have been got rid of by treaty. As a Democrat, in favor demned caper of locking the barn after the horse is gone. The of tariff for revenue only, I say there never was any sense in let­ time to have set their thinkers to operating rapidly was in the ting the Hawaiian sugar in here free, for, as we shall see further summer ·of 1898, when we were annexing the Sandwich Islands, on, letting it in free of duty never Teduced the price of refined when some of us stood up here and fought the Hawaiian grab sugar to the American consumer even in the smallest degree. tooth and nail-fought it, among other reasons, because it would In addithm to letting in the Hawaiian sugar free we are also bring American labor into direct competition with the cheap letting in Porto Rican sugar free. Last year Porto Rico pro­ Cl1inese and Japanese cooly labor of those islands; fought it I duced 100,000 tons. What her maximum production will be no courageously, wisely, patriotically, amid the ceaseless villifica- man knows. tion of hundreds of newspapers subsidized for that very purpose. Cuba raised a million tons of sugn.r last year and it is esti­ But in spite of all we could do, Hawaii was annexed, and our mated that this coming year she will -raise 1,300,000 tons, and labor has been brought into competition with Chinese and Japa- that sugar comes in .h&·e at 20 per cent off the Dingley rates; nese cheap labor-more's the pity. It gives me no pleasure to and the reason of that is apparent to everybody. We might as say,'' I told you so." On the contrary, it gives me much sorrow. well be candid. We are fixing to perform the great anaconda Where were the beet-sugar patriots then? How fought they on act of swallowing the Cuban Republic at the proper time. that occasion, which was the Quatre Bras preceding Waterloo? I have made these remarks as to Hawaiian, Porto Rican, Every mau jack of them lined up for annexation. Did they Cuban, and Philippine sugars not because I love our cane-sugar think that they could eat their cake and keep it, too? . Did they raisers and beet-sugar raisers less, but because I love the corn not realize the possibHities of sugar production in Hawaii then? raisers, wheat raisers, and live-stock raisers more. They are If they did know, nre they not estopped from complaining now, my people. They have six times honored me with their commis­ when they think that the evil of which they were forwarned is sion to represent them here. No witness appeared before the upon them? Surely they can not set up the poor plea of lgno- Committee on Ways and Means to speak for them and other ranee, because it is writen, "Ignorantia neminem ea:cusat," and consumers of sugar. They seem to rely implicitly on the fidelity because they were told over and over again what would happen. of their Representatives on this floor, and so far as in me lies That was the golden opportunity of the beet-sugar men. They they shall not be diimppointed. ~et it pa s ~proved;. ay~, more, the;r aided. mig~tily to force No human ingenuity can protect them by a tariff, for the all­ It to pass by. The mill w1ll never grmd agam With the water sufficient reason that they are essentially and necessarily ex­ that has passed." porters. The world is their market. What they want-all If the beet-sugar men bad lined up with us then against they ask-is that "square deal" of which we hear so much and Hawaiian annexation there would have been no Hawaiian ques- see so little. tion .about sugar; no Porto Rican question; no Philippine Notwithstanding this immense largess which we have paid questiOn abo"';It sugar to vex them now. That w~s the root of and are still paying to the Hawaiian sugar kings, they had the the 'Yhole ev1l. If they want to find out w~at th1~ count~ bas infinite gall to send their agent before the committee to protest lost m revenues and what they have l?st .m profi~ I will tell against this bill. That certainly is the most stupendous exhi­ tbem very sudd~nly, all because. of this rmportat10n of sugar bition of cheek seen on this earth since the devil took the Savior from the S~ndwiCh Islan?s. It .Is enough to make you fall off to the top of a high mountain and offered Him the dominion of you!· seats ~ an ~poplecti~ fit, you sugar people. From 1875 to the world to fall down and worship him. 1905, both mclus1ve, we Impo;·ted fro~ the Hawaiian Islands At this point I desire to give you some deductions I made 4,2~5,061 tons of SUf?ar. Thmk of that; In round numbers the from all this investigation and if these figures are not substan­ tariff o~ raw sugar IS $35 a ton. As a matter of fact it is $1.685 tially right I shall be obliged to any gentleman who will correct a hu!idred ?:r;t sugar 96 per ~ent P~. and ,then the sugar trust me. Here is the first deduction from all the evidence: It costs has m add1t10n to that a differential rake-off on refined sugar . . · . f · · · of the difference between $1.68! and $l.95 per hundred and in llttle,. if any, mor~ to ratse an acre o . sugar cane. m. Lomsia~a flddition to that one-eighth of 1 cent per pound flat, makin the . tha~. It does to .~atse ~n aere of corn m Iowa, IllmOis. or 1\Il~- total differentigl on refined 8 ar $5.30 t g sour1. I am bormg for blood. If I can not get votes out of this '-t ug . per on. . House, I want to go to the place where they can be had, and that At $35 a ton the Trea~ury.of t~e Umted States bas lost $150,- is among the corn growers of the Mississippi Valley. The cane 327..135. of reyenue that It ~%ht JUSt as well have had from the seed to plant an acre costs $12. Seed corn for an acre costs Sandwich Is}ands. In add1t1.on to that, as ~n absolute gratuity much less, $1 or so, though there is a man up in the district of under ~~ Newlands resol~~ton of an;nexati?n, ~e squandered Imy friend the gentleman from Iowa, Oolonel HEPBURN, at Shen­ four milliOns more. Hawanan sugar .1s comm~ m here now at andoab, who sells seed corn an over the country at $2 a bushel. the rate of,400:0?0 tons a year. That ts a g~:atmty of $1~,000,000 Second, the sugar land costs no more in Louisiana than corn t~at we_ are g1vmg annually to ~e Hawauan sugar kings, be- . land costs in Illinois, Iowa, or Missouri. I take these three side~ this $154,000,000 already pmd; and, sad to say, we will States simply because they are in a group and constitute the pay It annually- heart of the corn belt. Third, the average crop of sugar cane Forever and forever, so long as the river flows, . on an acre is 20 tons, worth $3 a ton, maki~g $60 an acre, which, So long as the heart has passion, so long as life has woes. with $12 off for the seed, leaves $48. Fourth, the sugar beets That is what you are paying for your Hawaiian whistle. produced upon an acre are sometimes worth as much as $50 an Don't you think that the Hawaiians come rather high? A:.wfully acre. Beet-sugar land costs no more per acre than good corn high-too high? That is what we paid and are paying to coddle land. That was stated in the committee. To be fair, I take them into a condition of mind to permit us to swallow them. In t hat to be above the average. Fifth, 40 bushels of corn to the addition to that, Porto Rico produces 100,000 tons of sugar a acre would be a large average for the corn crop all over the year. country. Forty cents a. bushel would be a. high pi-ice in the Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, will the gentleman permit field; it will not average it. That make~ $16 an acre for corn. an interruption? With perhaps $1 for seed, that leaves $15 an acre. There is one The CHAIRMA....~. Does the gentleman yield? man in my district this year who raised 115 bushels an aere, Mr. _CLARK of Missouri.. Certainly. I always gladly yield and corn. is selling at about 46 cen.ts in St Louis. Of course ·to my friepd from Ohio. that is an extraordinary crop per acre. Five or six years ago Mr. GROSVENOR. Perhaps it woul-d be well in the making one man in my district, on 11 acres, raised 133 bushels and a of history of the very important character that the gentleman is fraction to the acre. That is extraordinary in any country. I speaking of making to insert at that particular point that" the will undertake to sell every acre of corn. on the _average, that sug1Lr of Hawaii was coming into this country free since 1875, will be raised in the United States this year for $15 an acre, and and that no attempt has been made by either party, when in grow independently rich in the transaction. Sixth, so that the power, to change that situation, so that in point of fact when we beet-sugar farmer or cane-sugar former receiv~s twice or thrice annexed the islands we annexed them with the running agree- as much pe1~ acre as the corn farmer. I would like to see any ment and treaty binding upon us to continue a condition that living man face an audience of corn raisers advocating a tariff was b1nding before. · of 1i cents per pound on raw sugar and at tbe same time tell 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. That. is exactly tru'e. It is entirely · them truthfully that the price of their corn is the world's price. _ pertin~nt. The, difference in tb~ situation then and 'now is this: It seems to me that Republican eorn raisers would wake up Prior to annexation Hawaiian sugar was coming into the United very suddeniy and that the "stand patters'' would hear some­ States free of tariff duty, under a treaty which either party to it thing drop with a dull, sickening thud. might denounce at any time that it chose. Now, we are married Seventh. If the Republican stock raisers, wheat raisers, and to Hawaii by an irrevocable decree, because the average Ameri- eorn raisers in this country voted their interests as assiduously · 728 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 5,

as do the beet-sugar men, instead of voting their prejudices, it has to pay the world's pi·ice of sugar as fixed at Hamburg there would never be another Republican Congress or another first. Then it has to pay this tariff of $35 a ton, together with Republican President in the United States, a consummation freight and insurance, whenever it gets it anywhere. If there . devoutedly to be wished. [Applause on the Democratic side.] was not any differential on sugar the sugar trust would go to But I will tell you how it is worked. The Republican grain and smash before this time next year. stock raisers vote their prejudices directly against their own Mr. BROUSSARD. The gentleman is right. interests, while the .beet-sugar raisers vote their interests. . 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. I am going to finisll up this differ­ Eighth. There is a tariff of 15 cents a bushel on corn, ostensi­ ential business while I am at it. bly for the benefit of the corn raiser, but really to catch suckers. "' 1\Ir. BROUSSARD. I am with you on that. A tariff of $15 or $15,000 a bushel would do him no good, for his 1\fr. CLARK of Missouri. The differential is the difference market-the market that fixes inexorably the _price of his corn­ between $1.95 a hundred and $1.68! for 96° raw sugar; is Europn. You could raise on one good section of land all the and then when the sugar goes down in degrees the differential corn imported into this country last year. goes down. That differential of 26t cents on the nverage on re­ The tariff of 25 cents per bushel on wheat does the farmer no fined sugar gives the sugar trust an nbsolute monopoly of the good whatever, for tl1ere is little wheat imported and that little American sugar market, except as to the beet-sugar men. In is impurted principally for seed wheat. The result is that the addition, there is another differential of one-eighth of a cent per American farmel'·s seed wheat costs him more than it otherwise pop.nd, making the whole differential 39 cents per hundredweight would. of refined sugar. Ninth. The American raw-sugar producer is protected to the "1\Jr. BROUSSARD. Except as to the beet-sugar men? extent of $1.681 per hundred, or $35 per ton-a tariff protection Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Except that. Now, wait a minute. of about 75 per cent. . _ The__ ~ugar. men are the beneficiaries in this differential, because 1n addition to tlmt, the sugar manufacturer has protection to the beet-sugar man always furnishes his .sug.ar in the shape of the extent of $5.30 per ton of refined sugar, which makes him refined sugar and thus far competes with the trust unless it monarch of all he surveys from the center all around to the sea. has an agreement with the trust. One of the most intelligent 'l'enth. And in this differential the sugar-beet men share, for witnesses I have ever seen in my life was that gentleman from they sell only refined sugar. Michigan, 1\Ir. Humphrey. I think a great deal of him, too. I Eleventh. To be candid and fair to all concerned, it ought to asked him this question: "What is the reason you beet-sugar be stated that it costs more to raise an acre of beets than an men do not fight the sugar trust?" He said, "If we had acre of either corn or sugar cane. · '.rhat grows out of the fact $90,000,000 of capital we would go in and fight them to a finish; tllat one beet sends up many shoots, necessitating much band but the difference is that, when we begin making sugar, we have work. to go on and complete it and make refined sugar, as we have not I am happy to state that Mr. Secretary of Agriculture James sufficient money with which to store the raw sugar, whereas Wilson is e:<...-perimenting on a single-shoot beet, which, if he the sugar trust stores this raw cane sugar and refines it when­ succeeds, will greatly diminish cost of raising sugar beets. All e>er it pleases during any part of the year. The beet-sugar good citizens bid him a hearty Godspeed in his undertaking. men have to make their sugar and refine it in two or three l\Ir. BROUSSARD. The average yield OE· the cane ·per acre months after the beets reach the factory." in the State of Louisiana· and the State of 'l'exas is 16 tons. If the beet-sugar makers and the trust combine or divide ter­ l\1r. CLA..H.K of Missouri. That will be $48. ritory, the only check on their absolute monopoly of our market 1\lr. BROUSSARD. Then the next year there fs an average is this: They can not put the price of refined sugar much above yield of, say, 9 tons on the stubble, the ratoon. The third year the world's price of raw sugar, plus freight and insurance on there is no crop raised at all, while the average yield of corn is raw sugar from the place where it is bought, plus-the tariff on year after year, so th.at the average yield of cane is 16 plus 9 or raw sugar of $1.68! per hundred, plus the cost of storage and 25 tons for three years, and not 20 tons a year, or 60 tons. refining, plus the differential of 39 cents per hundred on refined Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Gentlemen, do you know what n sugar, withoul letting in foreign refined sugar. "ratoon " crop of sugar cane is? It is the second crop that If the beet-sugar men of this House will vote to take that dif­ grows from the original planting---:-without any planting at all ferential off refined sugar, I will >ote against this bill or any except the original planting. other bill on the subject which may be brought into this House. l\!r. BROUSSARD. ·wm the gentleman state that the cost of 1\Ir. FORDNEY. I am with you on that. . growing a ratoon crop; which can not be eradicated from the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. All right; bring it on, but you will soil, but grows without replanting, as he has stated-that the have to carry it through. [Laughter.] It won't go in on a cost of cultivating that crop is just as much as the first crop, bluff. [R~newed laughter.] though producing scarcely one-half the result? 1\Ir. BROUSSARD. I hope the gentleman will pardon ~~ fo~· Mr. CLARK of Missouri. According to the gentleman's own a moment. statement, you have 16 tons of cane the first year, $48; 9 tons ~Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Wait half a minute; after I finish the second year, $27; 48 plus 27 is 75. this differential I will yield to you. Mr. BROUSSARD. Will the gentleman state the third year? Mr. BROUSSARD. I am with you on the differential. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. With $12 off for seed, that leaves 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. I want to refresh the memory of $63 for two years, which is $31.50 per acre for sugar cane for some of you gentlemen upon what was done here some two or each of the two crops. There is not one farmer in 10,000 who three years ago. They bad up a Cuban reciprocity bill here, gets that much for his corn. It is $21 per acre per annum for and we added to it an amendment repealing the differential -each of the three crops raised from one planting-which is on sugar. One of the grandest sights I have witnessed since more, far more-than one farmer out of 5,000 the country over I have been in Congress was to see enough beet-sugar Repub­ recei>es for his corn or wheat or oats or bay. licans, led by the Marshal Ney of the beet-sugar forces, 11Ir. 1\fr. BROUSSARD. Is it not a fact that the bill which he is WM: ALDEN SMITH, of Michigan [laughter], walk down this supporting now, either the majority or minority proposition-it aisle and walk between the tellers with the Democrats to kill makes no difference to me; I know he signed the minority re­ the sugar trust as dead as a smelt. · port as a member of the Ways and Means Committee-is it not Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman-- a fact that there is not one pound of refined sugar produced in The CHAIRUAN. Does the gentleman from Missouri yield the Philippine Islands? to the gentleman from Ohio? Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is true. Sugar, it appears, 1\fr. CLARK of 1\lissotiri. In a minute. Let me tell you what can not be refined successfully in the Tropics. else occurred on that occasion. I think the gentleman from Ir. BROUSSARD. Does not the gentleman know it to be a New York [Mr. SHERMAN] was in the chair. I would not do fact, that the sugar trust-the American Sugar Refining Com­ him an injustice on this or any other occasion. When that pany-thrives exclusively upon the proposition that they get amendment repealing the differential was offered he ruled it raw sugar such as is produced in the Philippine Islands as a was not germane to that bill, and the Republican beet-sugar feeder for their refineries in this country? men rose in their might, joined hands with us, and overruled 1\lr. CLARK of Missouri. The price of raw sugar has nothing the decision of the Chair. Now, if a proposition is made here to do with the sugar trust within certain limits. It is a very on this bill to repeaf the differential on sugar, the que tion of intricate mathematical busine s. I will explain it briefly. The whether it is germane or not is res adjudicata. We have them world's price on raw sugar is $2 a hundred or $40 a ton, in nailed up on that proposition between heaven and earth, where round numbers. I do nof''mean it is always that, but that is they ought to be. [Laughter.] about it--the average price. Hamburg is the sugar market of Mr. DALZELL. I will ask the gentleman if instead of being the wG::::-Id, just as Liverpool is the world's market for corn and res adjudicata it was not overruled within fifteen minutes of wheat. The tariff on raw sugar is $35 a ton. Now, when the that time? li!Ugar trust, which is the chief buyer here, wants sugar, -namely, Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Who overruled it? 1906. CONGRESSiONAL· RECORD-· HOUSE: 729

Mr. DALZELL. The same force. sug{u: and not the difference between $1.68-! and $1.95 on sugars Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Let me ask my friend from Penn­ classing above 96 per cent polariscope. · sylvania a question. Wasn't it the Republican machine that 1\11~. ·.GAINES of Tennessee. If the gentleman will allow me, did it? And did not the Democrats and beet-sugar Republicans what per cent of sugar is controlled by the sugar trust? 1 run over the House Republican machine roughshod? Mr. CLARK of ·Missouri. Practically the sugar trust controls Mr. DALZELL. Ob, they did it. [Laughter.] · But I would the entire American sugar market. · like to ask my friend to tell us what became of Marshal Ney? Mr. BROUSSARD. All of it except the sugar produced by [Renewed laughter.] ·' . the beet-sugar people; in fact, all that comes into this country; Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is a perfectly pertinent ques­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I believe that rais"ers of Arilerican tion. cane sugar when it is developed to its full extent and the Ameri­ Mr. GRQSVENOR. Now, if the. gentlep1an will permit me? can beet-sugar raisers can raise every pound of sugar that the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Wait a minute until I get through American people will ever consume and export sugar besides~ with the gentleman from Pennsylv.ania. I do not know whether and I will hail that day with a great deal of pleasure. In the the Marshal Ney of Michigan is going to make a cha_rge on meantime I do not want to be paying two prices for sugar. this occasion or not, or whether be will be like King Joachim There is another· element which enters into this controversy­ Murat, of Na,ples, during the Waterl()o campaign, remain away the question of labor. Our beet-sugar and cane-sugar friends from the field of his glory, thereby losing his crown. Now, the are scared to death for fear that the Filipinos will go to ·work gentleman from Ohio. [Great laughter.] like we work in the United States. Why, gentlemen, there is no Mr. GROSVENOR. I will ask the gentleman from Missouri, .more possibility of that than there is that the sun will rise· in who is always interesting, and just now is peculiarly and spe-: the west to-morrow morning instead of the east. You can not cially so, if be can give the proportion of the sugar product of induce the inhabitants of those islands or any other tropical the world as between the refined sugar of all foreign countries country to work like we work here. It is not in them. · Life other than Cuba and the entire product of the whole world? is easy. They do not need any clothing hardly, and they pick Mr. CLARK of Missouri. No; I could not do that without theii· living off the trees.· There isn't a man in this House- who sitting down and figuring it out, and I haven't leisure for that would work if he didn't have to work. I have been searching all just now. my life for the man who would rather work than eat, and I Mr. GROSVENOR. Is it not a fact that it would be beet haven't found'him yet. He is a myth-an ignis fatuus. sugar-about two-thirds? The CHAIRMAN. The time of the gentleman from Missouri 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. That is true, I think. lHls ·expired. · Mr. GROSVENOR. Your proposition is to repeal the differ- ; Mr. DALZELL. l\lr. Chairman, I ask unanimous consent ential between refined and raw sugars? that the gentleman be allowed to continue until he concludes. · Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes, sir. The CH~URMAN. The gentleman from Pennsylvania asks unanimous consent that the gentleman from .Missouri may con­ Mr. GROSVTh~OR. For what purpose? Mr. CLARK of Missouri. For the pm,pose of killing the tinue until he shall have concluded. Is there objection? [After sugar trust as dead as a doornail. [Laughter and loud ap:. a pause.] The Chair bears none. plause.] Mr. CLARK of Missouri. · I am very much obliged to the gentleman from Pennsylvania and the House. If you could . Mr. GROSVENOR. Suppose that that being so, you first take the :H'iHpinos by the nape of the neck, every one of them, killed the cane producer of Louisiana and, secondly, this force and throw them into the sea, and then send 7,000,000 American beaded by Marshal Ney-tbe beet-sugar interests in the United citizens over there, and if the climate did not debilitate them, States-and whether you will br~ng the . world in competition I grant you that the product M sugar from these islands would with the refined sugar of the beet producers of the United be large compared with what it is now. But the climate takes States. the stamina out of our breed when they go over there. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. . I do, not believe it will hurt the There are very few fields there that are big enough to plow cane-sugar .grower of Louisiana or the beet-sugar grower. with a gang or steam plow. You ·can not use horses or mules Mr. GROSVENOR. If that be true, now tlien what benefit over there beeause they die. I am very sorry for that, because would it be to anybody to repeal the differential? · Missouri is the greatest producer of mules on the face of the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. It will benefit the American sugar earth. [Laughter.] I inquired particularly about what it was consumer, for whom I stand, because he would get his refined that killed. mules and horses, and some ca11ed it the surra; sugar cheaper. I don't know whether that is a kind of glanders or not, but it .l\Ir. GROSVENOR. That is probably true now. But in the doesn't make any difference; it kills them. Our cattle won't end the sugar-beet interest of the United States must inevitably live over there. They imported Jerseys and shorthorns, and be destroyed. At the present time you would repeal the _differ­ they all died in a short time. You can not import our kind of enial and you would do that in the interest of the American poultry anu make it live. The only work animal that seems to people, as I understand. flourish there is the carabao; I never saw one of them and I Mr. CLARK or Missouri. Let me make a suggestion. Cut never want to. I was invited to go over there by Secretary down the differential on refined sugar to 50 per cent of what it is Taft, but I could not go, though I would have enjoyed a trip in now, then what do you do? I will tell you what you do. such good company. According to all the evidence in the case Mr. GROSVENOR. You cut down the price of beet sugar, the carabao .is the slowest moving of all four-footed animals. of course. - He stays half of his time in a mud hole, and when the time 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Well, suppose you •do. It will in­ comes for him to take his mud bath, he simply lights out, as crease the market. It would cheapen sugar to the consumer we say in this country ; and my opinion is, after hearing all and at the same time protect the American producer of raw the evidence, that, if we should take the most energetic man we sugar sufficiently. Cut the differential on refined sugar down have in our country and put him to plowing with a carabao, in 50 per cent. It will not lose. the American sugar market to the~ two years he would be as slow moving as a Filipino or a carabao. American sugar grower, but will merely cut down the profits of We got a "gold brick" of huge proportions when we bought the trust 50 per ce~t, making refined suga.r cheaper to the Ameri­ the Philippi!les. can consumer. You can not get out of that proposition. . I believe that they can raise sugar in the Philippines a little Mr. BROUSSARD. I am thoroughly in accord with the gen­ cheaper than we can raise it in this country, but not much; tleman on the question of the differential. There are two differ­ and even if they did, they could not raise enough to interfere entials on sugar coming to this country. There is the one-eighth with our sugar product. - • of a cent per pound on all sugar imported into this country rank­ You beet-sugar men fear the competition of Philippine sugar. ing above 96 polariscope. Really the differential on sugars com­ I am teetotally opposed to. keeping them. You bring in a sub­ ing into this country is the difference between 96 sugars and 100 stitute for this bill providing that we recognize the independence sugars, which is the difference between $1.68! per hundred pounds of the\ Philippine Islands and let them go, and I will vote for and $1.95 per hundred pounds. That is one differential which it as cheerfully as I ever took a drink of water or of anything is concealed. Then there is another differential, of which I else. [Laughter.] We can agree on that. You will get what have already spoken, the one-eighth of 1 cent fiat per pound. So you want, and I will get what I want. That is the proposition there are two differentials. I am opposed to both of them. that we ought to be debating here this good hour instead ot The beet-sugar people, as I understand, may . or may not be fooling away time about this tariff bill. What are you going opposed to one-eighth of a cent differential ; and when the gen­ to do with ·them? You beet-sugar men ought to rise up here tleman from .Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] comes at the gentleman unanimously and say," Let them go." · from Missouri [Mr. CLARK], the gentleman ft;om Missouri can Mr. DALZELL. I understood the gentleman to say about properly say to him that when he is talking of differentials he fifteen minutes ago that our breed never let anything go. Has is talking of the one-eighth of . a cent per pound for refined the gentleman changed his mind r 730 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE. · JANUARY 5,

. · 1\lr. CLARK of Missouri. No, I have not; but I am trying to that would enable the sugar trust to get advantage over the persuade you to change your minds. [Laughter.] beet-sugar people of the 'Country and the sugar producers in the Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Knowing that they won't change South? · tlleir minds. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Mr. Chairman, the question as to Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I don't know anything of the sort. the status of the Philippine Islands with reference to the United Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. The gentleman said only a few States, if we are going to hang on to them, ri es immeasurably mii:mtes ago that our breed-! suppose he means the Anglo- superior to this small question about the tariff on sugar from the Saxon-- Pllilippine Islands. I did not want the Philippines. I did not Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Don't say the Anglo-Saxon; say want the Sandwich I lands. The Earl of Sandwich gave his . the Teutonic race or the Germanic race. name to them, and he is famous forever in the invention of an Mr. COOPER of Wisconsin. He said our breed never relin- indige tible article of diet and for giving his name to the Snnd­ quisbes a foot of land to which they once bad title. That was wich Islands-and the latter is the greater curse of the hTo. an unqualified assertion? [Laughter and applause.] Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes. 1\fy skirts are clear. ~ fought the Sandwich Island grab. I · 1\fr. COOPER of Wisconsin. Why does the gentleman from have been opposed to the Philippine propaganda from the be· Missouri ask for what is impossible? ginning, and I am now. I believe it is dangerou to the country, Mr. CLARK of Mis ouri. Because wise men change tbelr if not ruinous. I would let them go this minute. I , wi h to minds and fools never do. [Laughter and applause.] heaven they were gone. I voted again t paying the $20,000,000 1\Ir. COOPER of Wisconsin. The gentleman bas put himself to Spain for the Philippines even after the Senate bad ratified in somewhat of a dilemma there, because he said, not as a the treaty. I want that carved on my tombstone when I am matter of opinion, but as a matter of fact, that historically- dead. Now, I say, gentlemen, that we can not have this anoma­ and I presume ~e meant always for. the. future--it was a fact llous condition of affairs existing any longer; that the Philippine that the Teutomc race never had relmqmshed and never would Islands must be con idered a part of the United States or they relinquish its title to a foot of soil. Now, because he has must be considered as foreign territory-one or the other. For changed his mind within fifteen minutes, and thinks that perhaps our own sakes we ought to. put an instant end to this monsh·ous he is a wise man, therefore does be think that all the rest of the anomaly of their being half in and half out. That is the para­ Anglo-Saxon or Teutonic race who are not going to do it- mount question. What disheartens me about tWs whole busi­ and he said they would not-are fools? ness is what leading Republicans say. Four or five years ago a Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Oh, Mr. Chairman, the gentleman whole day was devoted here once to a debate between the pre .~ ent ~an fight that out in his own mind. I am not going to try to Speaker of the House, Mr. CANNON; the gentleman from Ollio, enlighten him. [Prolonged laughter and applause.] Mr. GROSVENOR; the gentleman from Missouri. Judge DE ARMOND, There is one other historical fact pertinent in this beet-sugar and myself. We took it turn and turn about, thirty minutes at di cussion. There is an old saying that we sometimes build a clip, that day. The Philippine problem was our theme. more wisely than we know. Napoleon, despising the crimson Finally, in a bm·st of exuberance and enthusiasm, the pre ent glories of a hundred bloody fields, proudly declared that be Speaker of the House said we intended to bold on to the Philip­ would descend to posterity with the code in his band. I will pine Islands forever and a · day. A year ago in the Committee tell you what else be will descend with in his hand-the sugar on Ways and Means, Secretary Taft said that we would bold on beet. He is the man who discovered it, though the Germans to them only till such date as we could educate them into a have developed it. So that Napoleon and the Germans share the measurable fitness for self-government. When asked bow long honor in this matter of being joint benefactors of the world. If that would be be said it might outlast this o-eneration. That the mighty Corsican bad looked forward to this day with pro- was more encouragement than what the Speaker said. That phetic ken be would have put the theory of producing sugar from filled my heart with gladness; but the other day the chairman beets alongside of the code as his clearest titles to imperisba- of the Ways and Means Committee, in a dialogue with Senator ble renown. In his case, as in many others, necessity was the NEWLANDS, of Nevada, in the committee room declared that the mother of invention. The English blockade droye him into the que tion of what we are going to do with the Philippine IslandS effort to find a substitute for cane sugar. That's about the only is a question for the next century. So he goe back prac­ good that came to the human race generally from the Napo- tically to what the Speaker said. I disliked exceedingly to bear Ieonie wars. him make that declaration, but be did make it seriously. To Now, about that Anglo-Saxon businQss-I have beard of that hold the Philippine Islands for a hundred year , 5'\..S the cllair­ as long as I want to. It is a misnomer. We are not Anglo- man of the Ways and Means Committee says we will, is to do Saxons. Most of us-such men as I am, tall of stature, with big what the Speaker of the Hou e said, bold them "forever and a bodies, blue eyes, fair skins, and flaxen hair (that's the way day," because in that length of time every dollar's worth of Tacitus describes the Germans of the days when Christ walked property in the Philippine I lands will be owned by American , the earth)-are descended from the great Teutonic or Ger- and then if we undertake to get rid of them every bles ed one of manic stock, the imp~rial race of the world, which for two them will be over here with his cousins and his uncles and his thou and years has gone forth conquering and to conquer, and aunts bedeviling Congress not to turn them adrift. not from that little band of Angles and Saxons that went over Mr. SLAYDEN. 1\fr. Chairman, I want to ask my friend to ravage England. [Applause and laughter.] They were sim- from Missouri if be bas observed the repeated cbano-es of posi­ ply offshoots of the great Germanic or Teutonic people--small tion in this game of progre ive euchre, tile Philippines being offshoots at that. euchred? In the report of the Fifty-eighth Congre s, with ref- Mr. BROUSSARD. The. gentleman said, or !J.nswered, that erence to the American tenure of the Philippine , the report not a pound of sugar grown in the Philippine Islands coming says : " It is distinctly settled we retain them until the people into this country would go into consum_ption, but that all of it are prepared for self-government." Further along, in that part would have to be remanufactured in order to be used. The of the report written this year, the report says: "It i quite gentleman urged sub equently-and I agreed with him-that the certain that, regardless of any opinion we may entertain with differential ought to be taken_off sugar entirely in order to reference to our enn·ance into the Philippine Islands, we are destroy the sugar n·ust. Now, it is a fact that there is no there to stay." Now, I would like to ask the gentleman from purchaser of sugars that are not refined in this counn-y except Missouri, admitting this represents the opinion of the di tin­ the sugar trust How can the gentleman argue that be wants to gui hed chairman of the Ways and Mean Committee, if in his desn·oy the trust by ta1.'ing off the differential and then re- judgment that repre ents the opinion of a majority of the duce the rate on raw sugar in order that the sugar trust American people, and if they have changed from last yenr to • might get additional advantage in purchasing sugar from the this year to the same degree that characterizes the movements Philippines, as they do from Cuba, Porto Rica, and Hawaii, to of the chairman of that committee? come into this country and go into competition with the· beet- Mr. CLARK of Mi. souri. I do not believe they have. I will sugar people in the West and with the sugar people in the tell you what I do believe. Notwithstanding what my friend _from South? , Wisconsin [Mr. CooPER] suggests-and what I said, too, as far 1\fr. CLAnK of Mis ouri. What I say about that, Mr. Chair- as that is concerned-! believe if the Members of this House man, is that the sugar that comes in from the Philippine Islands and Senate could vote to-day a secret ballot, so that no mortal is a mere bagatelle compared with the immense quantity of man would be ever able to find out bow they did vote, that the sugar that we import from other sources. Congress would vote almost unanimously to turn those i lands Mr. BROUSSARD. I know, but the drop ih the bucket busl- loose, and the reason you will not stand up here and vote it is on ness does not answer anything. Is it a. fact that the gentle- account of pride. You said the horse is 17 feet high and you man wants to take oft' the differential; and if that be true why are going to stick to it, I suppose. [Laughter.] · does the gentleman desire to reduce the tariff on r aw sugar the Mr. BROUSSARD. If it be true that the only consumer of only purchaser of which in this country is the sugar trust, when raw sugar, such as will come from t he Philippine Islands under 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD--HOUSE. 73L this bill, is the sugar trust, and the gentleman wants to take off tlle differential in order to cripple and kill the sugar trust, Aver~§~Jl!8~~~!~~~~e~-~=~~~------~~~~~to~~ with which I agree, bow can tht- gentleman justify his position 1885-86------2G now in voting to reduce the raw material which is going to feed additionally the ugar trust? 1888-89------1880-90______~~~~~~======~======1918~! l\Ir. CLARK of Mis ouri. I say in the first place it does not 1890-91------27 amount to a bill of beans-- 1891-92------1892-93______1516 Mr. BROUSSARD. I beg the gentleman's pardon, but that 1893-94______20 is not answering my question. 1894-95------20 l\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. I can not answer it any other way 1895-96------1896-97 ______20 except as I know how to answer it. It is no doubt my stu­ 1897-98------23 pidity that prevents my making myself intelligible to my friend, 1809-1900______1898-99------2116 wllich I regret. - 1900-1901------22 1\lr. BROUSSARD. Well, the gentleman may agree or may 1901-2------19 not agree with the gentleman that it does not amount to any­ Which shows that for eighteen years the average was 18~ thing. If it does not amount to anything, why does the gentle­ tons per acre. For the ten years from 1892-93 to 1901-2, both man support the proposition to permit these people to come into inclusive~ the average was 19.6 tons per acre per annum, which competition with American people with the view of benefiting is within 0.4 -of a ton of 20, which I stated in the beginning them, if, in the gentleman's opinion, it does not amount to a was the average per acre. For 1902-3, 1903-4, 1904-5, and bill of beans? 1905-6 it is perhaps fully 20, which fully establishes my conten­ l\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. It is this : This anomomalous con­ tion that cane-sugar raising is thrice as profitable as corn rais­ dition in the Philippine Islands, they being half in the United ing. States and half out-foreign territory when we want to con­ 1\fr. Chairman and gentlemen, there is a question in the sider it that way, and domestic territory wllen we want to con­ American public mind that rises in importance above this little sider it that way-is absolutely in contravention of any idea the Philippine sugar bill as Pikes Peak towers above "the foothills American people ever had on the subject of government. at its base, and it is pressing for solution. You may try to Mr. BROUSSARD. I agree with the gentleman on that. dodge it and escape it here, but it is certain to be on the tapis 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Well, that is all the answer I can until it is settled. I refer to the revision or the readjustment make. I do not wish to be impolite, but that is the best I can of the exorbitant rates in the Dingley tariff bill. If there were do with the gentleman from Louisiana. [Laughter.] nobody asking for that except Democrats I would be almost 1\fr. GAINES of Tennessee. The gentleman from Louisiana hopeless, in the present posture of affairs, of any revision; but said a moment ago, in answer to my question, that the sugar the demand is widespread; it is insistent. It extends from trust conh·olled all the sugar except the beet sugar. Marthas Vineyard to Sioux City, Iowa, if no farther. [Laugh­ l\Ir. BROUSSARD. That is right. ter.] It will finally become loud enough to penetrate even the 1\lr. GAINES of Tennessee. Now be says that the sugar trust thick walls of tl}.is Capitol. I will tell you what Hon. Albert B. conh·ols all, practically. Cummins said the other day. All of you-especially the mem­ - Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I will tell you how that is. The bers of the Hawkeye delegation-know who Albert B. Cum­ fact is this, that the beet-sugar people can not sell their sugar mins is. He is one of the foremost citizens of Iowa, a magnifi­ h1gber than the trust sells its sugar. It has got to sell it for cent Commonwealth, rich in statesmen, unfortunately chiefly of less. the Republican school. He is a Republican, filling his second If they do not sell it for less, the trust, using its immense term as governor, and, as I understand it, a candidate for the power, will run them out of business. That is the whole thing. Republican Presidential nomination, or a candidate for a third In that way they control the whole output of American sugar term in the gubernatorial chair; if neither of these, then a can­ factories. didate against Senator Dolliver for his seat; if none of these, Mr. BROUSSARD. And, of course, as a logical sequence, if a candidate against Governor HULL for his seat in this House. they could get additional supply of raw sugar, they could ad­ In a speech not long since he said, inter alia : ditionally injure the beet-sugar people. The total life insurance grafts for all time had not been one-fifth of Mr. CLARK of Missouri. You cipher out this proposition, my the annual amount of which the people have been despoiled by the brother, of the relation that 25,000 tons bears to 2,768,000 tons, excessive tariii rates. and then you have got the influence of the Philippine sugar in The annual amount of tariff extortions, mark you ! this market. This language is so plain that it needs no diagram to explain Mr. BROUSSARD. That is .an easy matter to calculate if a it. Here is ail editorial comment on it from the Creston, Iowa, man will sit down with a pencil, but the gentleman is here not Advertiser, a Republican paper: legislating against the people who are engaged in industry in Who said that? Bryan? Guess again. BOURKE CoCKRAN or JoHN this country in favor of a people who are not a part of this coun­ SHARP WILLIAMS or Grover Cleveland or ex-Congressman Wade or CH..U.tP try. If that be true, then it follows as a natural sequence that CLAnK? You still have a guess coming. Better give it up. Well, those are the words of Governor Cummins. Is it any wonder that he is he would not h·y to benefit those who are trying to injure the patted on the back by every Democrat who speaks of him? Nor should people engaged in that business, with a view of helping some­ it be !ot·gotten in this connection that Governor Cummins, who thus body that is foreign to this Government under the decision he attacks a law that was enacted by the Republican party and which was balled with joy by the whole Re\)ubllcan party, puts in a great deal of just quoted. his time questioning the Republicanism of those who will not accept Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I do not desire to vote against any­ his leadership. Governor Cummins no doubt believes that he is a Re­ body's interest. I want all Americans and all American indus­ publican and a protectionist or he would not say so. From the stand­ point of morals he is an honest man. But it seems to us that · he is tries to ha-ve an equal chance-no more, no less. That's all my mtellectually dishonest; that a perfervid imagination which finds ex­ constituents desire. But I do not propose for them to be gouged pression in extravagant language and an egotism which causes him to all the time-not if I can prevent it. regard all opposition to his views as a personal aiiront have rendered him incapable of properly estimating the trend and eiiect of some of Mr. GAINES of 'l'ennessee. How many acres of land- are in his utterances. One shudders to think what he would say of a Repub­ sugar in Louisiana? lican protective tarifr law if he were not a Republican and a protec­ 1\Ir. BROUSSARD. They raised this year 300,000 tons of tionist. sugar. This editorial comment of the Creston, Iowa, Advertiser, is Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. How many acres? approvingly quoted by the American Economist, organ in chief . 1\Ir. BROUSSARD. I do not know. of the stand-patters. I read the Economist very closely, be­ Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Does the gentleman not think cause it is very ably edited and because it is the highest author­ that it would be a good idea to go down and buy these sugar ity on stand-patism. As you let that extract from Governor plantations and turn them out, rather than tax the sugar-using Cummins percolate through your brains remember that he is people of all the States to keep up the sugar farms of Louisi­ one of the strongest Republicans in the United States, a power ana? in his party. By reading it in connection with the Advertiser's 1\lr. CLARK of Missouri. While this debate has been in comment, as quoted approvingly by the Economist, one may progress a ·friend sent me a public document entitled " Interna­ accurately measure the quantity and quality of harmony now tional Sugar Situation," by Mr. Frank R. Rutter, Assistant existing in the Republican party. It is Kilkenny-cat harmony Chief of Foreign Markets for the Agricultural Department. intensified and aggravated. This document was issued from the Government Printing Office Mr. LACEY. I would ask my friend if that statement- is in 1D04. On page 93 is a table giving the average production per Republican, was not there a stronger Democratic symptom in it? acre per annum of sugar cane in Louisiana from 1884-85 to Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes [laughter]; a Democratic 1901~2. both inclusive. Here it is: symptom that in all human probability will land somewhere I

7!~2 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 5, from 25 to 50 per cent of the Republican voters of Iowa· in the think the Republican party held " a · bobtailed flush " on the Democratic columns. God be praised! [Great laughter.] tariff question. [Loud laughter.] I am not going to re t on what Governor Cummins said, for Last summer there was a reciprocity convention out in Chicago. there is an old saying that " one swallow does not make a sum­ It was attended by a great many eminent Republicans, among mer." Here is the testimony, clear and strong, of another emi­ them Uncle SHELBY 1\1. CuLLOM, senior and perpetual Senator nent Republican witness. In November the Republicans of from Illinois, who prides himself on his physical resemblance to Massachusetts got their second wind and elected a Republicru! Abraham Lincoln. [Laughter.] IIe made about as good a governor in the person of Hon. Curtis Guild, jr. When he was reciprocity speech on that occasion as a "tariff ripper" could elected he was so tickled by his success that he took his pen in have made. Since that he seems to haye returned to his stand­ hand and wrote a very affectionate epistle to the President of tllc pat wallow. The cause of his apparent change of base was, I United States. It is one that Horace Greeley would have char­ apprehend, that when the reciprocity convention was in session acterized as "mighty interesting reading." Here it is, some he was hard pressed about his reelection to the Senate. Having of it: got all the opposition out of the way he falls in again with the MY DEAn PRESIDENT: We have had a hard-fought election in Massa­ dominant wing of his party. chusetts. The devil was sick, the devil a monk would be ; Notwithstanding the fact that Roosevelt carried the State by The devil was well. the devil a monk was he. 170,000 in 1904. Now, listen: That convention declared in favor of one of the most beautiful The Republican ticket, in my judgment, would have been over­ theories I have ever heard of, "a maximum and minimum whelmingly defeated if our platform, on which both Mr. Drap-er and I stood- tariff." That is the great panacea which is to cure all the ills that American human flesh is heir to, and its supporters were Draper was the candidate for lieutenant-governor- from Massachusetts to California. 1 Now, that cheme worked all had not contained a plank indorsing the position taken last spring by right until Senator HE rnY CABoT LonoE introduced a bill in the our delegation in Congt·ess favoring an immediate tariff revision. United States Senate fixing a minimum and a maximum tariff Bless your soul, "immediate tariff revision!" Light is break­ rate with the Dingley rate for the "steady-tariff company," so ing in the East at last. These Old Bay State Republicans can't to speak, with a sliding scale favoring the nations below us in wait ; they demand " immediate tariff revision "-:-yes, " im­ tariff rates and a sliding scale to punish other nations abo\e us mediate." in tariff rates. Clearly the Senator strives to plea e. That is Now, if Massachusetts, which Charles Sumner claimed cradled such an elastic proposition that it might please anybody, the Republican party, although the .Michiganders claim . that it because nobody can tell precisely what it means. Therefore was born out in Jackson under the oaks-if Massachusetts is jn e\erybody can construe it to suit himself. To stand-patters it danger of going with the Democrats on tariff revision, it is means to "let well enough alone." 'l'o "tariff rippers" it means high time the solons of this House were turning their most tariff "readjustment." To advocates of reciprocity it means careful attention to the subject. "reciprocity." The moving cause of the Senator's activity is · The Governor continues : the awful scare Massachu etts Republicans received last fall. Both parties in this State desire it. He is decidedly in favor of free hides for Massachusetts fac­ That is, immediate tariff revision. tories, for he says so himself. But, priding himself on his Republicanism, be rashly declared that he wanted no help from We recognize, as Republicans, the magnificent prosperity that bas come to us so largely tbrough your own personal work. Democrats in tariff revision. It must be done by its friends, the Republicans, so he says. If he lives till the stand-patters give He means President Roosevelt's work. Massachusetts what she seeks in the way of ta.ritr revision, they The opinion of Governor Guild, when he wrote that letter, will have to substitute the name of HENRY CABOT LODGE for evidently was that President Roosevelt makes the seasons come that of Methuselah as "the oldest man that ever lived." The and go, makes the sun shine and the rains from heaven descenu. illustrious Senator is mistaken. He will change his mind and After handing that taffy to the President. Governor Guild, accept the help of Democrats, for Massachusetts factories must still declaring himself a protectionist, referring to the Dingley have free raw materials or they will peri h from the earth. bill, says: In\leed, he misstates the case, for he and his con tituents will In that tariff, however, there are certain duties that we must all ad­ be forced to help the Democrats instead of the Democrats help­ mit are no longer needed. Nothing was said in the campaign here in regard to the iron schedule, as a whole. ing him and his. A reasonable revision of th<> exorbitant I think you will find, however, that even the iron manufacturers Dingley rates is a Democratic proposition, not Republican. It themselves will admit that a duty on iron ore is no longer necessary is well to have an understanding on that point now. We wel­ and that a reduction on such iron products as we are exporting so beavily could be made without injuring our domestic industry. come Senator LoDGE and his Republican constituents as allies Here in Massachusetts the duty on hides is an anathema. It is in this sane and pleasing movement for the general welfare. known that only 23 per cent of the hides and skins that come into the What do the :Massachu etts Republicans want in the way of United States are subject to duty, and it seems perfectly illogical that calfskins, sheepskins, and goatskins should come in free as a by­ tariff reform? They want free bides, free coal, free lumber, product not needing protection, while a duty is assessed on the skins free raw materials for their factories; but the Massachusetts of full-grown cattle. tariff reformers need not conclude suddenly and prematurely I have the honor to inclose a canvass of New England on the sub­ ject of such hides. It will show you that the sboe manufacturers of that all the rest of the tariff reformers in this country are this section are clamoring merely for tariff revision on the products idiots. They can get free hides provided they wi11 cut down of other States, but that they themselves are willing to submit to a re­ the tariff on boots and shoes and harness and leather suffi­ duction of the duties on boots and shoes if the last remnant of this needless duty can be removed from their material. ciently, but they will not get_ free hides unless they do that. There can be no question of the desire of the ovei·whelming majority [Applause.] of the people of this State for attention to such matters as this in the 1\Ir. GARDNER of Massachusetts. Mr. Chairman-- immediate revision of the tariff. Nor can there be any question of their urgent desires that you should The CHAIRl\.IAN. Does the gentleman from Missouri yield &ee your way clear to incorporate some suggestion of the kind, which, to the gentleman from Massachusetts? of course, I should not for a moment presume to dictate in your Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes; with pleasure. message. I am sure you know, sir, the deep loving affection of the people of Mr. GARDNER of Massachusetts. Will the gentleman from this Commonwealth for you. They trust you. slr, more absolutely than Missouri support a proposition for free hides coupled with a any other man in public life. I am sur{) you will understand that I proposition to take the duty off the products of leather? have not the slightest intention of forestalling any action o:t yours; nor is tllis letter given to the press although I have not the slightest l\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. So quick that it would make your objection to your quoting it or using it in any way you desire. I do head swim. [Laughter.] d£>em it, however, my duty with the trust that has just been placed in Mr. GARDNER of Massachusetts. At all events, then, we my hands to inform you o:t the real condition o:t public feeling in this Commonwealth, us your every act shows that no Commonwealth is have a valuable ally. dearer to you than the Bay State, and that not even her own repre­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. You have got me right now on that. sentatives are more earnest tban yon in wishing her welfare. Senntor LoDGE, as I understand it, advocates repealing th~ tariff That pathetic and eloquent appeal seems to have fallen on on hides, because " it is such a little one," nvo million and some­ deaf ears. th ~n('l' . Now, if they will go the whole hog up there and remove Let us see what the situation is. Here is Massachusetts the tariff on boots, shoes, and leather, we can come to an agree­ "kn eling with the rest," to l>m·row a phrase from one of her ment and pass it through this Honse. most illustrious on , joining hands with Iowa. clear across the But there are "stand-patters "-and I ha\e one in my eye continent nearly, in fa\or of tariff revision, Cummins and right now-who never yield an inch. My di tinguisbed friend Guild-par nobile fratrum-and that crowd are, ~n the parlance from Minnesota [Mr. McCLEARY] heads the list-like Abou of the present day, called "tariff rippers; " the rest of you gen­ Ben Adhem's," his name leads all the rest." He has introduced tlemen are called "tariff stand-patters." That is a phrase into this Honse " a maximum and minimum tariff bill " that Sanator Hanna borrowed from ihe poker table. [Laughter.] makes the cold chills creep up and down the spinal columns of If he were living to-day and read the newspapers he would the reciprocity shouters. His maximum and minimum tariff

. l906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 733 bill is to make the Dingley rates the mrn1mum and only ful raconteur. If the stand~patteTs conh·ol the next Republican Omniscience can tell what the ·maximum would be. [Laugh­ national convention-and it is a ten to one shot that they will­ ter.] I admire his courage. He is consistent in wrongdoing. and if they do not nominate him for President of the United When the Republican reciprocity brethren read the McCleary States, they will demonstrate that not only republics, but stand­ bill they must have been in a frame of mind to exclaim with pat Republicans as well, are ungrateful. If they control that ~ruthful James on a celebrated oceasion: convention, he is destined to be the Republican standard bearer, unless there rides into the Presidential lists that grim and griz­ Do I sleep, do I dream ? Do I wonder and doubt? zled warrior, JosEPH G. CANNON, of Illinois. [Great applause.] Are things what they seem? What is the trouble about the tariff here now? 'Vbat is the Or is visions about? pressing necessity of the case? I will tell you what it is. Is our civilization a failure"? Is the Caucasi~ played out? Germany has passed a new tariff bill, raising its rates on im­ ports from this. country sky-high. That bill goes into effect Somewhere in the Bible there is an account given of a man next Mru_·ch. out of whom the devils were cast, and he seemed to be in good Every American citizen is or should be interested in the sub­ condition, -like a .bouse swept and garnished. Then the devils ject. in increased numbers got into him again, and the verdict of the In the calendar year 1904-the last for which I have seen the Bible on that man is that "his last state was worse than his figures~we bought from Germany about one hundred -and fix first." And that will be precisely the in which the reci­ twenty~four millions of dollars• worth of hei· products and sold procity reformers will find themselves when Brother McCLEARY's to her about two hundred and thirty-six million dollars' worth bill is enacted into law. of our produets--constituting about one-sixth of our total ex­ There is another remarkable statement in the papers. I do ports. Of our two hundred and thirty-six millions of dollars' not vouch for the truth of it at aU. I give it as I read it. worth of exports to Germany, $53,877,500 were food products, as That is, that the President of the United States entered into a modus vivendi with the Speaker of this House [laughter] by follows: which the Speaker is to permit or facilitate-whichever is the Fresh apples ------~------$625,000 011 cake ------5,525,000 proper word-railroad-rate regulation during this session, pro­ Sausage casings, etc ______.______2,625,000 vided the President will not send in any message in favor of Clover seed------­ 832,500 tariff revision. Linseed ------­ i!75,000 Bran ------­ 186,000 Mr. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, I would like to ask my ~fait germs------417,750 friend a most important question. ~heat------­ 6,675,000 Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes. Wheat tlout"------­ 291, 000 Maize ------4,825,000 Mr. GROSVENOR. Does he believe one word of that story? Cotton-seed oiL------2,8:25,000 Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I run not on the witness stand. Tallow ______. ______1,425,000 [Laughter.] Modus vivendi! John G. Saxe says that Sancho Lard ------16,300,000 OleomargarineBeef______,.. ______------_ 4,475,000 Panza said: "God bless the man who first invented sleep." 525,000 Divers other persons must say: " God bless the man who first Pork ------­ 25,000 invented that convenient phrase 'modus vivendi.'" Like the Hams------25,000 Bacon ------­ 375,000 mantle of charity, it covers a multitude of sins. The President Salt fish --~------~------­ 600,000 of the United States entered into a modus vivendi with his Butter ------­ 125,250 great and good friend President Morales, of Santo Domingo, Dried fruit ------.------4,800,000 and Morales has taken to the woods, carrying his Government Total ------53, 877, 500 and the modus vivendi with him. Now the papers say that During the calendar year of 1904 Germany bought of us raw the Administration is trying to cook up a modus vivendi with materials to the value of $160,262,000, as follows : Germany. We are likely to have a surplus lot of modus vivendi on hand. [Laughter.] I saw the other day in a newspaper that Mr. Secretary of State Root is engaged in tutoring Mr. Secretary Shaw, of the s~i~~~~~~~======$:~:&Ig:&&&1 Treasury, on the subject of the tariff with Germany I That is • xr~~infum-======Zinc ore ------g3~58,g: ~gg250 the most astounding statement that has been made since "the Resin, etc ------'------2, 975, 000 stars fell." I am not certain but it is the most amazing state­ Turpentine~ etc ------4, 200, 000 Acetate of Jime, etC------775. 000 ment that has been made since the morning stars first sang to· Phosphate of lime, etc______3. 800, 000 gether for joy. Tutor Mr. Secretary Shaw in the art Qf tariff Wood spirit______$342, 750 making? It's a thing incredible! Does he not stand at the India rubber______~65, 250 Hides______1, 200, 000 very head of the "stand-pat" element in this counh·y? The Fur skins, etc______1, 675, 000 chief among 10,000, if not altogether lovely! [Laughter.] Does Petroleum and mineral lubricants______17, 42.5, 000 he not, with hand on his heart, solemnly reiterate the declara­ Stearic and palmitic acid.------~7:1, 000 tion of the Republican platform that "A Democratic tariff hn.s Lumber------6,675,000 always been followed by business adversity; a Republican tariff TobaccO------1, 950, 000 by business prosperity?" Total------160,262,000 Does he not religiously believe that a man can lift himself These two tables show : over the fence by tugging at his own boot straps? Is he not Food products------$53,877,500 firm in the faith that a people can make themselves rich beyond Raw materials------160, ~6:!, 000 the dreams of avarice by taxing themselves within an inch of their lives? And, last of all, did he not a little while ago dis­ Grand total------2~4, 139, 500 cover the remarl{_able fact that a high protective tariff increases The rest of the $236,000,000 worth of products which we sold imports into this country, when the doctrine had always been, to Germany in 1904 'Consisted of manufactured articles. and the very reason that the law was passed was, that a high Let each Representative here from the great agricultural or protective tariff diminishes imports and if high enough -Sbuts mining section scan those tables closely and decide whether his them out altogether, thereby giving the American manufacturer constituents will be benefited by a tariff war with Germany­ the control of the American market? That discovery certainly to say nothing of a tariff war with combined Europe, of which entitles Secretary Shaw to rank with Copernicus, Galileo, Sir the tariff war with Germany is only the forerunner. Isaac Newton, Lord Bacon, and Christopher Columbus. I represent one of the richest agricultural districts in the Now, if Secretary Root should undertake to tutor him on any world, and my constituents are interested in selling to Germany subject under heaven other than the tariff there would be some nearly ever article in the foregoing t able of exports of fo od sense in it. I would like to be where I could hear and see that products to Germany and in several of the articles in the tablo performance of tutoring him on the tariff. Certain as you live of our raw materials which Germany buys from us. the Secretary of State will lead a strenuous life when he essays I want to read to the Members just a few of the things that that stunt. Under his administration of the Treasury it has this German tariff is going to do for us. been solemnly decided that frogs' legs imported into this country The memorial I am about to read was sent to Congress by the must come in as poultry. [Laughter.] Under his administra­ American Reciprocal Tariff League. Does this league consist tion of the Treasury it has been decided that a pony shipped of a batch of "hare-brained free-traders? " No. On the con­ into this country must come in as household goods. Under his trary, this memorial is headed up with a fine portrait of Presi­ administration of the Treasury it has been decided that a dent McKinley, flanked by quotations from his farewell speech rooster is not a breeding animal! Governor Shaw is a very at Buffalo. It is signed by eastern and western Republicans, amiable man. He is possessed of a brillia:r;tt intellect He is New England manufacturers, Iowa farmers, editors of farm &>ae of the best public speakers in this country. He is a delight- journals, and men from all walks of life. It is a great protest 734 CONGRESSIO~JAL RECORD-HOUSE. .. JANUARY 5, against the Dingley tariff bill, whiGJ:l bas brought upon us· al­ the wolf, to his own great grief and to much laceration of his ready the beginnings of a tariff war in which most of the na­ own flesh. tions of the earth will probably join. unless something is speed­ Commerce is not a one-sided or jug-handled affair. It must ily done to prevent it. Germany, Argentina, and China are al­ be arranged and maintained on a basis of fair exchange. If ready getting into the band wagon-the latter countries doing we could run the world's commerce, if we were the only pro­ so doubtless because of the influence of Germany, paramount in ducers of food products and raw materials, we would be in both cases. . position to dictate terms to all the peoples of the earth and to 'l'his memorial is one of the results of the Chicago conference, assume the position which the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GRos­ and the league is formed of. delegates to that remarkable meet­ VE NOR] seems to assume. But " there are others "-several ing. Among tlle influential Republicans signing the memorial other nations engaged in creating food products and raw mate­ no names carry greater weight to the thoughtful mind than rials-and we would be more courageous than wise to slap those of Alvin H. Saunders, of the Breeders' Gazette, and Harry Germany squarely in the face, for she, next to Great Britain, is C. Wallace, of Wallace's Farmer, the greatest farm journals in the largest customer for our 'food products and raw materials. America, one published in Chicago, the other in Des Moines. Our farmers have a vast surplus of products to sell, and they No one can estimate too high the influence of these great jour­ desire more to secure profitable markets for their surplus thiui nals with the farmers of the beef and pork producing regions. to maintain at a dead loss-a great loss, a ruinous loss-the There is scarcely a farmer in Iowa who does not read one or stand-pat tariff theory. both of them. From them they get the world's best thought on Mr. GROSVENOR. Is there now or was there ever in the topics of direct interest to the farmer and stock raiser. Here history of commercial intercourse between two nations a time is a fair sample of the argument contained in the J]lemorial to when a nation that was compelled to buy $500,000,000 worth of which these men's names are signed. Will such arguments bread-using the term for foodstuff--can dictate to a natjon make Republican or Democratic votes in the West? that produces enormous quantities to sell the terms upon whicll international exchanges shall be made! Suppose, now, that '!'his convention was preeminently and at base an agrarian d emon- they bar· our bre.adstuffs and everytht"ng else of the k-t"nd, 1.ow · stratton. The farmers and stockmen of the corn belt and the range ~ u are not shttring In any fair degree in the undoubted pt·osperity that has long ·would it be until Germany would be on its knees begging come to the chief beneficiaries of the law as mutilated by a Senatorial f tu •ty t b b d t ff ? It h b t ted minority. They are being robbed of markets for their sm·plus products or an oppor m o uy our rea S U S · as een s a which could be opened to them throu&"b the medium of reciprocal taritr to me by an authority which I llave no doubt about that if concessions. For example: there was a cordon of ships drawn around the Britisll islands GE:'rmany is the second largest buyer of food products in the world. so that tllere could be no import of food products, in ninety She would probably take from $50,000,000 to $75,000,000 worth of American fat·m products nnnuaUy under any !air scheme of reciprocity. days there would be enormous sutrering for food by the British France would buy perhaps one-half as much under reasonable trading people. Does that proposition not apply to e\ery other nation arrangements. The American farmer has a $4,500,000,000 crop of f th ld th t d t d •ts f d d t ? cerE:'als this year. The application of scientific methods is vastly en- o e wor a oes no pro uce 1 own 00 pro uc S · lan~·ing our soil production. There is ordinarily an enormous surplus Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That proposition applies partially of farm products in excess of domestic wants. Heavy buying by Ger- to every nation on earth that does not produce its own food many in anticipation of the closing ot the ports of the Empire agninst supply. If this were the only nation that produced a surplus us March 1, 1906, is helping our grain markets some just now, but what of the future? Let us quote from the Department of Commerce of food supplies, then the gentleman's question would be deci- and Labor on the conditions to be met a.tter the date mentioned: sive of this contest. "The rates on provisions have been greatly advanced by the new 'I GROSVENOR W"ll1 th tl t t t• th t German taritr. Bacon, which hitherto paid the highest ad valot·em in D r. ~ · e gen eman S a e a na lOll a the list of provisions coming from the United States-viz, 23 per cent- is able to do it-in actual figures. I have such a great admira­ ls ndvnnced 80 per cent in the new general taritr, while no rate is pro- tion for the gentleman's imagination that I must ask him to deal vided tor in the conventional taritr. The duty on pork, which amounted in !acts on this question. I want to know what nation now can to 21 per cent ad valorem in 1903, is advanced 176 per cent. " The duty on bee!, amounting to 15 per cent ad valorem in 1903, supply its own demand first and then supply the German poo­ ls raised 200 per cent under the new general and 80 per cent under the pie if they bar the American producer out of their market? conventional tariJT. Lard, with a duty o! 11 per cent ad valorem In Mr. CLARK of Missouri. 1'he South American republics can 1903. wlll be subject to a rate 25 per cent higher in the new general taritr, while in the new conventional the rate remains unchanged. furnish Germany and England all of the food supplies that they Agl"lcultural machinery, which pays on the average about 4 per· cent need. One deplorable result of our high-tariff policy is that it ad valorem, wlll be subject to rates !rom 20 per cent to 88 per cent bas set South America, Australia, India, and Russia to raising higher, according to the weight." ~ Indian corn is king in the agriculture of the Middle West. It can in large and ever-increasing quantities the identical food prod­ be best marketed in the form of meats, in the production of which we nets which our farmers produce. And now the stand-patters lead the world. It Is all well enough to point to the enormous divi- are recklessly for a taritr war with combined Europe. dends and surplus of the iron masterl!l and sugar refiners and to cite thnt as a good and sufficient reason !or "letting well enough alone," Mr. GROSVENOR. And at clleaper rates, I presume, than but the prospects of thousands of hardworking farmers in the great we can? feeding and grazing States are not so alluring. Receipts of cattle at 'I CLAR.K f M" · 'r Chicago this fall have run from 10,000 to 30,000 head weekly in excess .L> r. 0 ISSOUrl. .Les. of the known home requirements, the result being heavy losses to Mr. GROSVENOR. Then, may I ask my friend why we have growers. A mnrket that can care for, say, 60,000 cattle per week at had the enormous traffic In these commodities up to tlle very prices profit.'lble to the producer can not digest 100,000. While this date of the assembling o! this Congress-traffic with those two glut is seen at home, n meat famine exists in Europe. \Vith trnin loads of bullocks selling as low as $3.50 per hundredweight in Chicago nations! Do they buy where they can buy the cheapest, or and with dressed beet wholesaled there at 6 cents per pound, live cattle wllere they have to pay the dearest price! :md swine nre worth In Germany 15 cents per pound. Surely there is Mr. CLARK o! Missouri. The reason they have been buying something out of joint economically }"hen such a state of ntrairs exists. from us more than they have been buying from the South Amer- Tlwse are a few of the things that that German tariff is ican republics is that we have bougllt more from them. Pre­ going to do for us, unless we enter into rational reciprocal cisely. They, as well as we, made money by trading with each relations with her. I have not time to go over the entire list. other. I want to say, and I say it in all earnestness, that if the Ger- I thought I had here the exact figures about the Argentine man taritr goes into effect next March the price of cattle will go Republic's production of foodstuffs, but I find I have misplaced down, the price of bogs will go down, the price of wheat will go them; but here is an editorial from the St. Louis Globe-Democrat down, the price of corn will go down, the price of lard, butter, bearing directly on the subject. The gentleman from Ohio dried fruits, and every product of the farm will go down. ought to believe the Globe-Democrat, for it is high Republican Mr. GROSVENOR. Does the gentleman from Missouri there- authority. It says: fore advocate that the American people shall be dictated to by The United States exports of wheat and flour are increasing, but every foreign nation that undertakes to fix our tariff rate for thE:'y are far below the figures for some of the recent years at tbls time. us or shall we have some independent character of our own, For the fiscal year 1905, which ended on .June 30, tbe exports of wbeat as we always ha\e had, and let these people take care o! them- and of flour counted as wheat were only 4~,000,000 bushels, which were below the shipments of any previous year !or a third of a century. selves as they have always tried to do! '.rhere is likely to be a ~ain !or the twelve months ending with next Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is a pertinent question fairly .June, but the exports w1ll be small compared with those of 1902 or 19 asked, and I will answer it with as much can~or as it is asked. ~te wheat crop of 1905 will figure up about 700,000,000 bushels. It I hope I am fully as good and true an AmeriCan as he or any is the largest crop ever grown in this country except in 1901, when it other man is While I am always willing to fight, if there is was 748,000,000. While we exforted 216,000,000 bushels of wheat in · · f . · I b hank · a ft fiuht 1901, we will not send out hal that quantity this year. Our balance any sufficient reason or It, ave no. .erm., a er a ';' ot trade will have to be created by the exports of cotton, of mining merely for the sake of a fight. I beheve m the .Teffersoman 1 and forestry products, and of manufactures. Happily our salefa of doctrine: " Peace commerce and honest friendship with all manufactures abroad are increasing with great speed. · 1·' 11· ' "tb " Th tl · We still lead all the countries of the world in wheat production, nabons---entang mg a mnces WI none. e ge~ eman lll and raise more than a fitth of the world's aggregate yield, but Russia this tariff matter seems to be in the frame of mind of the 1 and Argentina are furnishing more wheat now to the great importing fellow that Edmund Burke told. about, who was bent on shearing Imarke~s of Europe tha~ the United States. We pro?uce more than Kind friends explained to him the hazard futility and two-thirds of the worlds corn, but Arge~tina is gettmg ahead of us a W Olf • . • · • • ' ' • in corn exports. She consumes compa'l·atively little of her wheat and profitlessness of the undertakmg, but he mststed on shearmg corn at home, while we use the greater part of ours. 1906. CONGRESSION.At REEJORD-HOUSE~ 735

That Globe-Democrat· editorial fits the case like a glove and iff by business adversity. We ought never to hear that fable Cully answers the question of the gentleman from Ohio. again so long as t~e ea:rth spins around on. its axis or slides- 1\-Ir. GROSVENOR. If the gentleman w.ill allow me, I would down the elliptic. supplement that statement with the following statement: That Mr. GROSVENOR. Now, if the gentleman will allow an inter­ during good times-a synonymous term for Republican times- r:uption, I know it will not disconcert him, because nothing I can. the average American citizen consumes 25 per cent more of the say will disturb the peaee of mind in which he constantly moves­ products of the earth than he does during hard times-the upon this question. The tariff of 1846, the Walker tariff, -was­ synonymous term being Democratic times-and in that. way the immediately followed by the Mexican war, and that by the gentleman will understand the reason why we have not shipped great discovery of gold in California. our food stuffs abroad. [Applause on the Republican side.] Mr. CLARK of Mi souri. Yes, ' Mr. CLARK of Mis <>uri. Very well; we shall see about that Mr. GROSVENOR. And Mr. Blaine wrote of that period o~. You are entitled to all the applause you will receive on that 1852 in which an abnormal condition existed. statement when we are through discussing it. Now, the gentle- Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes. man from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] is a very distinguished man. Mr. GROSVENOR. Butl\1r. Blaine has pointed out that ~u 1857 I think a great deal of him personally. I have tried my ever- the hardest times that ever came to the American people came lasting- best to enlighten his intellect in a great many debates when· the Democratic party destroyed the Walker tariff bill and we have had, but his mind seems to be as impervious to a fact substituted another one that finally precipitated the country into· of llistory as a duck's back is to a gentle April shower. As a practically general bankruptcy; so that in order to read l\fr. complete reply to and refutation of what he has just said about Blaine correctly and get the full benefit of his opinion you must Republican times being synonymous with good times and Demo- not stop at a single period, but you must carry out the illustra­ crntic times being synonymous with hard times, I will now read tion tllat the gentleman himself draws so graphically and you the evidence of a most distinguished Republican. I would eloquently. not think of quoting a Democrat to Republicans. James Gillespie Mr. CLARK of Missouri Is the gentleman willing to stnnd Blaine assuredly bad some standing in the Republican party. on that st..'ltement? He was fondly called "the Plumed Knight." He was its well- Mr. GROSVENOR. I do, most undoubtedly. I have stood on beloved leader-it chosen chieftain-one of the most brilliant it a great many times. men that ever figured· in American politics. I will not run a Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Now, it is true, gentlemen, that the parallel between hiin and the gentleman from Ohio. Wh~n Mexican war intervened, and tha.t undoubtedly helped prosper­ Blaine came to write a book-mind you, not making a stump ity. It is true that the great discoveries of gold in California speecll-not even in the heat and excitement of a debate in intervened, as well as those in Australia. The gentleman fl:om Congress, where any man might be mistaken as to his facts, but Ohio [l\fr. GROSVENOR] left out that part of his case. But that. when be· sat down calmly in the quiet of his library with all uf discovery helped. It is true that there was a panic. the facilities and the leisure for investigation to write a book 1\Ir. CHARLES B. LANDIS. Is it not true,. too, that during on which he proposed to rest his- fame with posterity, he wrote that period tlle Crimean war came? what I am going to read, and I will give it as my literary Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is also true; that was an opinion-you can take it for what it is worth-that Blaine's element in the prosperity of those years. I want to be fair. book is the be t historical work ever written in America: that We can all be honest if we can not be g1·eat. [Laughter.] I rs, the first vofume, which was composed before he was embit- will state the whole case, and I will, state it so that nobody tered by his defeat for the Presidency. There has been constant who hears can evel' forget it. That those events helped the iteration and reiteration by Republicans of the statement in the prosperity that Blaine speaks of as extending from 1846 to Republican platform, which the gentleman from Ohio has paro- 1857 is beyond all cavil. In the fall of 1857 there was a spell died, that a Republican tariff is always followed by business of hard times. prosperity and a Democratic tariff by business adversity. There l\lr. GROSVENOR. It lasted two years. is not a syllable of truth in it ReTe is what Blaine said, and l\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Yes; it lasted two years. The if I had my way about it every Republican in the United States Globe-Democrat, in an unguarded moment, when some ~eat should commit this passage to memory and recite it every morn- banks broke recently, said editorially, in comparing the present ing regularly, when he got up, as part of his prayers. [Laugh- situation with that of 1857: "The wild speculation in western ter.] lands and in constructing railways. beyond the immediate nee9..<;· The Whig victory of 1848 was not sufficiently decisive to warrant of the country, which were tlie chief causes of the wrec;k in any attempt, even had there been desire, to change the tarill'. General , 1857, are conspicuously absent now." That is the truth, and Taylor bad been elected without subscribing to a platform or pledging was st..'lted to help reassure the people last summer when there himself to a specific measure, and he was therefore in a position to resist and reject appeals of the ordinary partisan character. Moreover was a decidedly panicky feeling abroad in the land. Surely the the tarill' of 1846- ' ' gentleman, who has a great reputation at stake in all he says and that is the only genuinely Democratic tariff bill ever passed or does, will not claim for one moment that the Democratic by the American Congress_. It is called the "Walker tariff," Administrations of Pierce and Polk oc the Whig Administra~ and was so thoroughly Democratic that it was only gotten tions of Taylor and Fillmore were in any way responsible for through the Senate by the casting vote of the Vice-President, that wild speculation in western land and in railway construe­ George M. Dallas. Usually the Vice-President's chief function tion, for that would be preposterous, too preposterous even for is to wait for a dead man's shoes-truly a most grewsome posi- him to assert or for even Republicans to believe. Neither is it tion-but two or three times in our history the Vice-Presidents, true that in 1857, or at any other time, the Democrats destroyed acting in their capacity as Presidents of the Senate, have given the Walker tariff bill and substituted another which precipi­ casting votes which have made history, and Dallas did it. tated the country into general bankruptcy. That is where the Now, llere is what Blaine said about that tariff: distinguished gentleman from Ohio fell down. I will give you Moreover, the tarill' of 1846 was yielding abundant revenue, and the a history of that transaction. business of the country was in a flourishing condition at the time his l\lr. GROSVENOR. Will the gentleman state whether the administration was organized. Money became very abunditnt after the · year 1849; large enterprises were undertaken; speculation was preva- tariff of 185·7, which was a Democratic tariff, did not· reduce lent, and for a considerable ~eriod the prosperity of the country was the schedules of the Walker tariff bill? general and apparently genume. After 1852 the Democrats had al- Mr. CLARK of Missouri. If you will let me alone for ten most undisputed control of the Government, and had gradually become t a free-trade party. The principles embodied in the tarill' of 1 46 consecutive minutes I will state it exac ly as it is. seemed for the time to be so entirely vindicated and approved that re- 1\fr. GROSVENOR. I am SUTe I have no right to interrupt sistance to it ceased, not only among the people but among the protec- the gentleman. tion economists, and even among the manufacturers to a large · y th tl h f t extent. So general was the acquiescence that in 1856 a protective Mr. CLARK of l\Iissouri. es ; e gen eman as a per ec tariff was not even suggested or even hinted by any one of the three right to do so. I am always glad that he does it. It may be parties which presented Presidential candidates. said of him what Doctor Johnson said of Oliver Goldsmith · ~ And· that is the only period in our history when such unan- " He touches nothing which he does not adorn." imity existed on the subject of the tariff-the only one. I defy The tariff bill of 1857, which the gentleman says precipitated any mortal man to point out another period concerning which universal bankruptcy, was not a Democratic measure, as I will :Blaine's statement would be true. _ presently demonstrate. That's fact No. 1 in the chapter of our With all due respect to the gentleman from Ohio, with all due legislative and. political history which. I am now stating. respect to the majority, with all d~e respect to every politician The Walker tariff bill, which I repeat was the only thor­ or statesman now living, tlie extract I have just read is a com~ oughly Democratic tariff bill ever placed upon our statute books, plete and overwhelming answer to the declaration of the Repub- and for which Democrats not only cheerfully but proudly and lican platform that was repeated by General GROSVENOR in sub- enthusiastically assumed all the responsibility and claim all the stance, that is repeated by Secretary Shaw every time he makes honors fo~: it wrought gloriously for our country's prosperity, a speech and thinks of it, to the effect that the Republican tariff was in force from .July 30, 1846, when. James K. Polk signed it, is always followed by business prosperity and a Democratic tar- till 1\.farch a; 1857, when Franklin Pierce signed the tariff bill ....=::;:::;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;;~ 736 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~ . JANUARY 5, ·· of 1857, modifying the Walker tariff bill. Please bear these Fifty-eighth Congress, we passed a large river and harbor .bill. dates carefully in mind, as they are absolutely decisive of the Under our new system of contracting we shall not need a new controversy between the gentleman from Ohio [Mr. GROSVENOR] river and harbor bill except for new or comparatively new and myself here to-day and betwixt all Democrats and all Re- projects, so that the sundry civil bill will carry the amount of publicans at all times, at all places, and under all circumstances. appropriation for the rivers and harbors -far in advance of any If plain, unvarnished, undisputed, and incontrovertible facts of that the Democrats have ever passed. history can proye anything in this world, I will suddenly and ?d:r. CLARK of Missouri. Now,_gentlemen, I want you to bear for all time establish the Democratic contention on the eternal witness to that testimony. That statement is made ex cathedra. rock of truth and prove beyond even the shadow of a doubt that 'l'lle gentleman well speaks as " one having authority." the Republican platfoqn declaration of 1904 that "A Democratic Mr. GROSVENOR. But not as a scribe. tariff bas always been followed by business adversity, a Re- Mr. CLARK of Missouri. He belongs to the great triumvirate publican tariff by business prosperity," is a glittering,' trans- in this House that runs things, composed of the Speaker and the parent, and stupendous fable. I use the word fable instead of gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. DALZELL] and the gentleman a shorter and llarsller synonym bec;,ause I desire to observe all from Ohio. He is one of the " Three Czars," and you men wllo the parliamentary proprieties. I confidently place the well- want anything done ·for the rivers and harbors in your districts establislled trutlls of history ngainst bald assertions. I am so hearken unto his voice, for according to his statement just made certain tllat the tariff bill of 1857 was not a Democratic tariff tllere is not going to be ap.ything done except on work that has measure that I most lleartily thank the gentleman from Ohio already been started. [Mr. GROSVENOR] for his interruption. Mr. GROSVENOR. I hope the gentleman will not misrepre- Tbat bill became a law of the land on tile last day of the sent the organization of the House. The river and harbor bill life of the Thirty-fourth Congress, the 3d day of March, 1857. is a privileged bill, and does not require the action of the Com- The House of Representatives of that Congress wa.s not Dem- mittee on Rules. I hope the gentleman will remember tllat in ocratic. It was composed of 83 Democrats, 108 Republicans, and all the future of his life. 43 Americans, popularly dubbed "Knownothings," making 234 Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I will; and I will tell you what Members all told, 118 constituting a majority of the House. The else I will remember-that whenever they get up a bill of any combined oppositivn to the Democrats had a majority of 68. importance and get it through the House without the consent of · The Senate was Democratic; so was the President, Franklin tile Committee on Rules I will be willing to exclaim with one of Pierce. .After a long and bitter contest Gen. Nathaniel Prentiss old: "Now, Lord, lettest Thou Thy servant depart in peace." Banks, of Massachusetts, was elected Speaker, the first Repub- [Great laughter and applause.] I do not want you kinder­ lican Speaker. garten Congressmen here, especially, to labor under any misap- It is known to every intelligent person that tariff bills, called prehension as to what is going to happen to you, because the revenue bills, must originate in the House. Consequently the gentleman from Ohio has told you. If there is any work going tariff bill of 1857, of whose effect the gentleman from Ohio com- on in your district that has to be continued to keep it from going plains, and which supplanted the Walker Democratic tariff bill, to ruin you will get a little money; but if there is any new work, originated in and was passed by an anti-Democratic House, no matter bow important or pressing, you are not going to get a therefore it is clearly ·a non-Democratic measure. Its character cent for it, because they have not got the money to give. 'l'his was not changed into a Democratic mea~ure by being agrE>ed to blessed Dingley bill, the fount of every blessing, has produced a by a Democratic Senate and signed by a Democratic President. deficiency in the revenues to the amount of sixty or seventy mil- Truth to tel1, it may be said to have been passed by common lions of dol1ars. Now, I will ask the gentleman from Ohio-- consent of all parties, and it was so passed, because on the 3d Mr. P .AYNE. Now, the gentleman wants to be fair. day of March, 1857, the country was enjoying unboundeu pros- Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Certainly. perity and there was an overflowing Treasury. Among hands Mr. PAYNE. Which bill do you refer to? they cut the rates too low for a good revenue measure, and when Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Dingley bill. If you had a good the evil days came in the fall of 1857, produced, as the Globe- tariff bill you would have had enough money to carry on these Democrat says, by wild speculation in western lands and in improvements. building superfluous railroads, it did not bring in enough money Mr. p .AYNE. Such a one as the Wilson bill? to run the Government. Mr. CLARK of Missouri A revenue-producing bill, sucll as How any well-informed or.candid person can claim that that I would draw if I had the power to pass it. · bill of 1857, non-Democratic though it was, produced the panic Mr. P.A.YNE. The Wilson bill, under which we were running in the autumn of 1857 is a puzzle; for hard times extended at behind every year. , that period over the face of the entire civilized globe, and cer- Mr. CLARK of Missouri. If the Supreme Court had not held tninly no man who has any reputation for wisdom or vei"acity to tile income-tax provision unconstitutional we would have got lose will jeopardize it by asserting that any tariff law passed by plenty of revenue from the Wilson bill. us can create llard times all over the world. Mr. PAYNE. I want to say to the gentleman that the income- The only difficulty about the tariff bill of 1857 was that, hard tax provision would have not produced money enough to make times coming on unexpectedly, it did not raise revenue enough to a grease spot under the Wilson bill. · pay the expenses of the Government. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The only rea on why it would not Mr. GROSVENOR. Is not that the gentleman's present po- was stated by Mr. CocKRAN, of New York, who said that it sition? would have made the wealthy men of New York get into the 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. No, sir; most assuredly I am al- habit of committing perjury to keep the taxes from being col- \Ynys in fayor of revenue enough to run the G_overnment, econorn- lected on their incomes...... ical1y administered-which is the Democratic theory. You are Mr. PAYNE. The gentleman IS quotmg from a distingmshed runninO' behind now at the rate of about a half million dollars Democrat upon that. 'l'o return to what I was just saying, as a day, ~re you not? tc;> there not being an:r deficit this year becaus~ there w~ll 1Je no Mr. GROSVENOR. Oh, no. The gentleman's prognostication Inver and harbor b1ll. It would not make any difference upon that ·subject is not good. In the last Congress, it will be wllether there was a river and harbor bill this year o~ not. All remembered, he predicted that at this time we would be hunting that money would not come out o~ the Treas~ry UD:bl the end around for some source of revenue, and talked about increased 1 of the fiscal year. In the last sess1on we provided llberally for taxation. Where is that ghost of increased taxation now? rivers and harbors, and that money is now being paid out of I\lr. CLARK of Missouri. You will be bunting around for it t11e money in tile Treasury. before you get away from here. . . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Now, let me ask you whether there Mr. GROSVENOR. Not at all. We are able to meet every is going to be any public-building bill reported this year? Now, demand of the time and leave a surplus at the end of the year. answer that-yes or no. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Let me ask the gentleman n. ques- Mr. PAYNE. I am not a member of that committee. tion now, while be is on his feet. Turn about is fair play. Mr. CLARK of l\fissouri. But you are the floor leader in this Mr. GROSVENOR. That is right. House. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Are we going to have any river an

l906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD~HOUSE. 737

Mr. PAYNE. I do not know. frontier, and I know tLat those were not times of prosperity for Mr. CLARK of 1\lissouri. ·why don't y:ou know? [Laughter.] that part of the country. There was penury and want, but 1\fr. PAYNE. Because, like the gentleman from Missouri, I probably it was only that which was incidental to a new .have not been consulted on that subject. country. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Why do you not consult the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I leave Colonel HEPBURN's state­ Speaker and those gentlemen on the Committee on Rules? ment and Blaine's statement together, as far as that is con­ Mr. PAYNE. So far as I am concerned, I am.not interested cerned. You gentlemen can take your choice. Now, the ques­ in public buildings. tion that you ask is in the main fair. When it is boiled down it Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Oh, yes; that's it; you have got is this: Do balances of trade indicate prosperity or not? That yours. [Great laughter.] depends entirely upon circumstances. A nation may be very Mr. PAYNE. The gentleman is right about that. I com· prosperous with a balance of trade against it. It may be very menced in a Democratic Congress many years ago. prosperous with a balance of trade in favor of it. Adam Smith 1\lr. CLARK of Missouri. You have been here a long time. stated that many years ago, anq he is recognized as one of the When these kindergarten statesmen have sat here as long as leading authorities on political economy. you have they will get some too. Mr. HEPBURN. You say that the business of the country Mr. PAYNID. On that I had little experience, and if I were may be prosperous and there may be general prosperity with a commencing with the "kindergarten class" I would not intro­ balance of trade against us. Now, during this period and for duce a bill for a public building in my district. two or three years preceding, but during the time that that Mr. CLARK of Missouri. What does the gentleman from tariff was in force, eight hundred millions of gold were ex· Ohio say about a public-building bill? I want to get at the tracted from the mines of California. facts. [Laughter.] 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. That may be the amount. I do not Mr. GROSVENOR. On that question I am a single Member remember the figures. of the House of Representatives. Mr. HEPBURN. or- that eight hundred millions of gold we Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes, you are; and much more. sent out of the country four hundred and twenty-six millions to You are one of the governing trio--one of the ruling elders. make good the balance of trade against us. Would you think Mr. GROSVENOR. I shall pass upon a public-building bill that it would be possible for this country to have been pros.­ exactly as I pass upon other questions that come before this perous at that period but for the accidental discovery of gold in House. California, with which the Democratic tarlfr had nothing to do? Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I will ask you a leading question: Mr. CLARK of .Missouri. A part of that is true and· a part is Do you know whether it is the intention of the managers of this not. Holland has been one of the most prosperous countries Congress that there shall not be any river and harbor bill, tor years, with the general balance of trade against it. So has except as · you have described, and there shall be no public­ Germany. So has England. Buying stuff does not impoverish building bill at this session, in order to make buckle and tongue a man if he needs the stuff and makes good use of it. So with a meet? nation. While we were a feeble people and did not have any Mr. GROSVENOR. I do not understand either branch of great factories of our own, while we were purely an agricultural that question in the affirmative. I have a suspicion on the river people, the balance of trade was against us as a general thing, and harbor question, because of an interview given out by the no matter what party was in power. chairman of the committee. As to the public-building question The balance of trade may or may not be a test of prosperity. I have no knowledge, no information, and no belief. I wlll put Mr. Blaine's statement as to prosperity of these years Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I want to state to you that unless as a .fact that can ·not be contradicted. There are two univer­ you gentlemen who w.ant public buildings in your districts and sally accepted standards of prosi:>e.rity, increase of population improvements of your rivers and harbors break away from and and increase of wealth-not in aggregate, but by percentages­ overthrow this Republican machine in the House, which domi­ and the statistics show that, judged by percentages of increase nates in an things, you are not going to get any at this session of wealth and population, any one of the eleven years of the of Congress. You can write that on the tablets of your memory \Valker tariff bill was more prosperous than any one of the nine now. This is an argumentum ad hominem. I have seen that years of the Dingley tariff bill. In no one of the eleven years of game played two or three times since I have been here. the Walker tari.tf did we increase in population as much in the But I have been distracted somewhat from the propositions I aggregate as we have in any one of nine ye.ars of the Dingley was stating. While the Walker tariff bill was law there was bill, simply because 30,000,000 of people do not propagate as many great growth and prosperity, but the gentle~an from Ohio says children as 80,000,000 of people. In no one of the eleven years of truly that while it was in force there came a war and there the Walker bill did we pile up as much increase of wealth in the were great discoveries of gold; therefore the gentleman from aggregate as in any one of the nine years of the Dingley bill, - Ohio concludes, or rather he wants this House to conclude, that because 30,000,000 of people can not make as much wealth as the great prosperity described by Mr. Blaine as existing from 83,000,000 of people; and we now have all of these labor-saving 1846 to 1857 was produced by the Mexican war, the Crimean devices which so much multiply the wealth-producing capacity war, and the gold discoveries in California and Australia. of a people. But, judged by percentage in increase of wealth, Mr. HEPBURN. I suppose you would say that the prosperity we increased as much in any one year of the Walker bill as of a country might somewhat be measured by its foreign trade? in any one year of the Dingley bill. . Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Possibly to some extent, but not But what I started to say was that, granted the Mexican war very much. and the Crimean war and the discovery of gold helped along Mr. HEPBURN. You have extolled the tariff of 1846, and the prosperity-and I do not desire to deny it-how does that have said that that tariff, continuing up to 1857, was the model apply to the present situation? Now, the gentleman from Iowa Democratic tariff. I have here a statement showing the balances [Mr. HEPBURN] is no ordinary Congressman. He is a veteran of foreign trade, from 1851, for eleven years ; and during ten of statesman. He is one of the three or four great Republican those eleven years the balance of trade under that tariff was debaters in this House. He claims that there has been greater against the United States. prosperity under the Dingley bill than there ever was before. In the aggregate in the years when the balance was against Every Republican claims that and that the Dingley bill pro· us, the total balance against us was $442,000,000. In one year, duced it. But if the Mexican war and the Crimean war the year 1858, the balance was $8,000,000 and some odd thou­ helped to increase the prosperity in 1846 and for the eleven sands in our favor. Now, under a Republican tariff, with the succeeding years, how does it happen that the Spanish war exception of the period when the. Wilson tariff was in force, and the Philippine war and the Boer war and the Russo-.Jap· during eleven years including 1891 and following years, the anese war and the greatly increased production of gold in balance of foreign trade in our favor was $2,692,000 000. So recent years should not be credited with a part of the great that under the Democratic tariff balances were against us to the prosperity that· has come to the American people under the aggregate of $442,000,000, while for the same period of time Dingley tariff bill? Why, as a sample, when the Spanish war under a Republican tariff the balances were in our favor to the began the very best mules in Missouri were selling for $75 to amount of $2,692,000,000. Is not that an indication that this $100 apiece. These wars consumed the world's supply of mules. ·latter system is the better system for the foreign trade? The consequence is that a good pair of mules in Missouri now 1\fr. CLARK of Missouri. Wait a minute before you sit down. sells for $300 to $500, and yet that, according to the Republican I want to ask you a question, and then I will answer yours as logic, is credited up to the blessings of the Dingley bill, which ful1y as I can with the material at band. Do you deny that didn't have a bit more to do with it than had the ten command­ statement of Blaine's that the years from 1846 to 1857 were ments. [Laughter and applause.] Every man from the South years of great prosperity? · who raises sugar and cotton knows that mules have gone up Mr. HEPBURN. Well, I would say this: I lived in this from the days when the Spanish war began; and if we had country at that time, but I lived upon what might be called the that great European war that they are talking about, the price XL--47 .

-738 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-· HOUSE. JANUARY lS, i ·of mules would go soaring out-of sight. ·A man lives in tny effort, as there would have been, to have bimetalism estab4 district who imports large nllll1bers of Spanish jacks. He had lisbed all over the world, everywhere on the civilized globe ninety-seven left on hand in the spring of 1898, simply because to-day a silver dollar would be worth a gold dollar. The Re­ he could not sell them at any price. He kept them over from publicans in 1896 did not declare honestly, squarely, and courage­ necessity. One fine morning he awoke and found himself worth ously in favor of the gold standard. The gentleman from Ohio $100,000 in these ninety-seven jacks. · The wars did it, not the [Mr. GROSVENOR] had, I think, a great deal to do with the writ­ Dingley bill. ing of the money plank ·and of the Republican platform of Ohio Another thing about it: Suppose the gold production did help in 1896. He was there or thereabouts when that remarkable to bolster up prosperity from 1846. to 1847-and a man would and ridiculous document was prepared. They went to St. Louis be an idiot to deny it-what has helped to bolster up. this pros­ with that platform to nominate McKinley on it. I will give any perity but the new discoveries of gold that have brought man in this House the best hat that Stetson can make if be will $800,000,000 of gold into this country? That is how much more take the money plank of the Ohio platform of 1896 which they, you have now than in 1896. Also a discovery of a pew and carried to St. Louis with them and tell me what it means. You cheap process of extracting gold out of the ore, which brought in can read it right side up and wrong side up and catawampus, another third of it in round numbers. When that process was like somebody said be read Blaine's letter from Genoa, and you discovered, it did not pay to work gold that did not run ten or can not tell to save your life what it means. But when they, fifteen dollars a ton; now you can work it with profit where it reached St Louis ·Senator HENRY CABOT LoooE and the eastern produces less than a dollar a ton. Where does the other third gold bugs got bold of the trimmers down there and rammed part come froin? I will tell you. In 1897 and 1898 and 1899 and of the gold standard down th-eir throats; but they did not 1900 we had the finest crops that ever grew out of the ground, declare unequivocally in-favor of the gold standard. They were .and they bad a crop famine in Europe and Australia, and those too smart for that. They said, "We are in favor of the mainte­ hungry people had to pay our farmers practically what they · nance of.the present gold standard until "-until what?-" until ·wanted for their products ; so that it sent a stream of gold like bimetalism, the coinage of gold and silver, can be secured bY, the river Pactolus flowing into this country, into the arteries of international·agreeme.nt." .commerce, quickening and fructifying the whole American com­ Mr. GROSVENOR. Do you not·tfiink that :was a pretty gOod merce; and it is a poor rule that does not work both ways. ram? · Mr. HEPBURN. Has the gentleman taken this into account? Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I think that is one of· the most There is no extraordinary production of gold in the United skillful devices of American politics-a most successful bunko States, nor has there been during the past eleven years-! mean. game. I will tell you what that enabled the Republicans to do, the domestic production-in relation to the population and tile and I heard them do it with success. They went to the countrYt business of this country as compared with the period that I on a· proposition that they were actually better silver men than name, from 1849 on. The production of gold then, in proportion we were. Brother 1\IcC!..EA.R-Y shakes his bead. 1\!aybe he did to population and in proportion to business, was vastly greater not do it, but they did it all over the country, and they rot1ed than it is to-day; and then if the gentl~man takes into account the in ·enougn free-silver votes to elect William McKinley President production of gold outside of the United States will be explain of the United States, and then, when they had elected him, he .to us how the United States would have benefited by that if the appointed an international commission, composed of Senator: balance of trade all the time were against us? That foreign Wolcott, Adlai E. Stevenson, and some statesman from Boston .production of gold is valuable when · customers of ours must whose name I do not recall, to go to Europe and effect this in­ send their gold here to liquidate or pay the balance that is ternational agreement; and those three men came very near per4 against them in foreign trade. forming a miracle over there. They persuaded England to agree Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The gentleman labors under the to go into the coinage of silver again, and just the very minute misapprehension all the time that if we send a ·dollar anywhere the news reached this country that England was about to agree to buy anything we lose that dollar, and that if a man send,s to it, Lyman. J. Gage, who ratted to the Republican party in us a dollar over here for any purpose,-no difference what we give order to get office, the Secretary of the Treasury, had himself for it, we gain a dollar. That is not true at all. On the con­ interviewed (or interviewed himself), in which interview he trary, if we give two dollars' worth of products for the for- stated that that commission did not represent the Administra­ eigner's one dollar, we lose a dollar in the transaction. . tion and did not represent the people of the United States, and 1\!r. HEPBURN. If the gentleman will allow me to correct that was the last of that great confidence game. [Laughter and him, I do not have that idea at all; but I have this i~e.a, that if applause on the Democratic side.] That wns just exactly it. we send a dollar abroad to buy something that we do not make, If . the gentleman from Ohio has any lurking suspicion in his we get the article tha.t we want and the exchange is equal. head that I have any apologies to offer for supporting William There is no advantage to us save that which comes from that J. Bryan in the campaig.us of 1896 and 1900 he might as well commercial transaction. But if we make that thing here at. disabuse his mind of it now. [Applause on the Democratic home, we not only have it but we save the dollar that otherwise side.] . · · we should hay-e to send abroad, and that is · what makes Mr. GROSVENOR. ' Mr. Chairman, I have no doubt about it, prosperity. and I have no doubt about the gentleman's willingness to foi .. Mr. CLARK of Missouri. That is not true e~ther. low him in 1908. 1\!r. GROSVENOR. Mr. Chairman, I just want to ask the Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I will if be is nominated, sm·e as gentleman another question. you are living. [Applause-on the Democratic side.] 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Oh, one at a time. Mr. ·GROSVENOR. And I think you will follow him to the Mr. GROSVENOR. I know it is hardly fair to double tean1 on same result. But will you not kindly answer the question put the gentleman, but the difference between the man on the :tl.oor to you? speaking to an entertained audience and an interloper is about Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Well, I am answering. e¥en, two to one. I desire the gentleman to state now, in fur­ 1\.fr. GROSVENOR. Well, I did not know it. ther .illustration of conditions, he having spoken of the vast Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I can not answer it in a sentence. accumulation of gold which is now in circulation in the United When I · think of Bryan and think of the men who pulled him .states, supposing that a law had been passed in 1897 making free down, I recall the splendid lines of Shakespeare- and unlimited coinage of silver at the ratio of 16 to 1, how much An eagle, tow"ring in his pride of place. of the gold coin that has come from these extraordinary produc­ ~as by mousing owls hawked at and killed. tions-which I by no means admit-would, in his judgment, be circulating to-day in the United States? And in that -connection [Applause.] will be tell me what would have made any difference in the cir­ Mr. WATSON. 1\fr. Chairman, I would like to ask the gen.. cUlating medium of the United States and that of China, where tleman a question. there is no gold coin, and in Mexico, where there is no gold coin? l\Ir. CLARK of 1\fissouri. One at a time. I will get through ·Is it not a fact beyond the PQSsibility of discussion that as with the two veterans before I tackle the juniors. [Laugh­ rapidly as that gold was produced in the United States it would ter.] My further answer to the gentleman from Ohio is .have sought occupation in gold-standard countries to the utter this : If there had been an honest effort made to secure inter.. exclusion of the circulation of gold in the United States, and national bimetalism there would never have been any gold ex.. is not that the inevitable and irrepealable law of this proposi­ ported out of this country, unless somebody had peculiar neces· tion? sity for the gold in the arts and sciences; that it wQuld have Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I will answer first the question of put the gold and silver absolutely on the same basis the world the gentleman _from Ohio [1\Ir. GROSVENOB]. It is true that it over. ~ is entirely foreign to a tariff discussion, but he has done me the Mr. GROSVENOR. There is no doubt about that, but has honor to ask it, and I shall do him the honor to reply to it. If the gentleman from Missouri e-ver in the last twelve years William J. Bryan- bad been elected President of the Unite.d noticed any tendency among the nations of the world to agree States in 1896, ·and there liad been an honest and persistent to bimetallism? 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. ~ 7-39

Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Never heard the slightest whispe~ substantially the · same as a tariff upon coffee or tea would be about it since that international commission was hamstrung by now. And therefore Mr. Benton could very well be a protec­ Lyman J. Gage. [Applause on the Democratic side.] The tionist, which he was not, and oppose a tariff on salt, as I have condition of affairs right now demonstrates that we were always, although a protectionist, opposed a tariff on tea and right in our contention in 1896--that is, in the main conten­ coffee. That answers the whole of my friend's very adroit and tion. What was the main contention? Democrats said that very forcible proposition-until it is answered. [Applause on the more money you had the more prosperity you had. We the Republican side.] say it now. Sixteen to one was a mere incident to the main Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Well, now, General, I want to say proposition. Republicans said that you had money enough. something to you. I am not authorized to speak for President Now, if you did have money enough, what did you want with Roosevelt. any more? And why go around exploiting :rourselves?-because Mr. GROSVENOR. Neither am I. you have $800,000,000 more gold in the United States than you Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I am certainly glad to hear it. had then? You have also more prosperity than you had then, [Laughter.] Colonel Roosevelt is my personal friend, and I a.m and the prosperity of the country keeps pace with the volume his. I wish him well. The gentleman from Ohio comes in here of the currency in the country. Now, to answer, as far as the and undertakes to do b:r proxy for Colonel Roosevelt what Colonel contention of the gentleman from Iowa is concerned. Our out­ Roosevelt will never do for himself, and that is to plead the put of gold has increased. Of course I could not bring all the baby act. Cowardice is not among his sins. He wrote this documents and statistics in the country here to-day, and never paragraph about Thomas H. Benton, into which trap my friend expected to be asked that question in a debate on the tarifr, but from Pennsylvania walked, when he declared that to be a free I affirm, without any fear of successful contradiction, that our trader in this country is to be a criminal. Therefore, according output of gold has increased in the United States since 1896. to the logic of my friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. MAHON], 'Ve are also the chief beneficiaries of all the gold that is dug President Roosevelt is a criminal. [Lau~hter.] There is no out of the Klondike region. So much for that. Republican in this House who will dare to stand up here in the 1\Ir. WATSON. The gentleman has described the great joy face of this assembly and categorically declare that Colonel with which be followed Mr. Bryan in 1896 and in 1900, and I Roosevelt is a criminal, because if he does, P~:esident Roosevelt wanted to ask him whether or not he did not with equal joy will cut oft his supply of " pap," and a Republican Congressman follow Grover Cleveland in three Presidential campaigns? without "pap" is lost in the world. [Renewed lau~hter.] And with which one now does the gentleman stand? And The gentleman from Ohio got himself into a hole before he what is the particular brand of Democracy that the gentleman sat down. He says that he is a double-back-acting "etand­ now has in the bottle out of which-- . patter." I deny it. He voted for the Cuban reciprocity busi­ Mr. CLARK of Missouri. The Champ Clark Democracy. ness. He is going to vote for this bill, which is free trade [Great laughter.] The very best brand that there is in the piecemeal. I congratulate the gentleman from New York [1\IJ~. country. [Laughter.] PAYNE] and the rest of them on getting a part of the way to a 1\Ir. WATSON. I want to ask this question: In 1897 tlle reasonable tariff bill. The gentleman from Ohio said that he g<.•ntleman from Missouri made a speech on the floor of this was like Colonel Benton when Benton fought the tari.tr on House in which he said that if he had his way about it he salt-that he was against the tariff on tea and coffee. Why, would destroy every custom-house in the United States. there is no parallel between the two cases. We make salt in Mr. CLARK of Missouri. Yes; I think I said that. this country in abundance. All we have to do is to go to work Mr. WATSON. On the 28th-- and boil it, or dig it out of the ground in train-load lots. There Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I am not going to have that 9-year­ is no tea or coffee grown in the United States for commercial old speech of mine incorporated in this speech. [Laughter.] purposes, and there is no parallel between the two cases. Assuming for the sake of argument that I was a free trader Mr. GROSVEN~R. Why, the gentleman ought to be fa~r. in 1897, aurl am one yet, for that is what the gentleman's and he has been very successful in that respect, but thi~ act of questions mean, I want to ask this entire Republican side if it Benton's was prior to the manufacture of salt commercially il! is a crime to be a free trader? the United States. Mr. MAHON. Yes; in this country. It was even prior to the production of Turk Island salt, and Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I will pump something into the we were compelled to import our salt from Liverpool and other gentleman from Pennsylvania [Mr. MAHON] very suddenly. points of that character. There is no dispute about that. [Laughter.] He is the very man I have been looking for. , Is there no difference between the tari.tr upon tea or a tariff Now listen. I will read this paragraph, without telling the upon any article that is produced mostly in a foreign counh-y gentieman from Pennsylvania who wrote it: and another article that is produced in this country? 'l'he· repe;tl of the salt tax was an especial favorite of his. He was Mr. CLARK of Missom·i. God made salt nearly as plentiful perfectly right in attacking the tax, and deserves the greatest credit as the air we breathe and the water we drink; and man. has for the persistency which finally won him the vidory. wickedly levied a tariff tax upon it. Even the pagan Romans The man who wrote that paragraph is a free trader pro knew better than that. A standing order to the Roman army tanto, is he not? was that they should never levy a tribute of salt on a conquered l\Ir. GROSVENOR. No, sir. people. I wish I had time to make a speech on Thomas H. l\lr. CLARK of Missouri. Oh, the gentleman from Ohio knows Benton and the work he did in putting salt on the free list. For who wrote it. [Laughter.] The gentleman from Pennsyl­ years in the Roman senate Cato, no matter what was the sub­ ·v:mia [Mr. MAHON] answers that the man who wrote that para­ ject of his speech, wound up with "Carthago delenda est"­ graph is a fre-e trader. The gentleman from Ohio is too smart "Carthage must be desh·oyed." And no difference what the to be caught in the trap. Who wrote that paragraph? subject of debate in the American Senate Colonel Benton lugged Mr. MAHON. I did not. in the subject of protected salt. He was one of the greatest Mr. CLARK of Missouri. I know the gentleman did not; Democrats that ever lived, and the speeches which he delivered but a much greater man did Theodore Roosevelt, President of in the United States Senate upon this subject will amply repay the United States. perusal, even at this late day, for the learning they contain and Mr. GROSVENOR. Now, the gentleman will-- which at last put salt on the free list. When he had accom­ 1\Ir. CLARK of Missouri. Wait until I get through with this plished his purpose so pleased was he that he said, in his pom­ Pennsylvania brother and I will yield to the gentleman from pous way, that he imagined he heard the flocks and herds on a Ohio. thousand hills bellowing out their love and gratitude to him l\1r. GROSVENOR. I want to add something to the hilarity for it. No doubt they would have done so could they have under­ of the occasion before I go, and I must go in half an hour. stood his splendid labor in their behalf. Mr. CLARK of Missom·i. Well, I am glad of it. [Laughter.] In conclusion, I want to ask you all a question. If Thomas H. Mr. GROSVENOR. Just yield to me for one moment. Benton deserves the highest credit for putting salt upon the free Mr. CLARK of Missouri. All right. list, as Colonel Roosevelt said he did, would not I deserve the 1\Ir. GROSVENOR. The gentleman who wrote that para­ highest credit for putting salt back on the free list? I have graph in his youthful days is the ·present President of the introduced a bill in five or six Congresses to do it, and I intend United States, and the statement appears in the Statesmen Se­ to. introduce it into every Congress as long as I stay here, so ries of the Life of Thomas H. Benton. Benton made a great help me God, until I triumph as did " The Great Missourian," reputation at one time by attacking the tarifr on salt, and the whose high career constitutes one of the priceless heritages of President indorses his conduct and gives him great credit for it. the imperial Commonwealth which he loved so well and served I, as a stand-patter of the most intense character, indorse what so nobly. If Benton deserved the highest credit for doing that, the President says in that writing, and extend it over as an as President Roosevelt says he did, why would not Mr. WIL­ ndditional testimonial in favor of Thomas H. Benton. Why? LIAMS, or Judge DE ARMOND, or any other man in this House, ~he production of salt in the United States-at that time was so deserve the highest credit for putting any other prime necessity small that a tariff upon salt then would have ·been, and was of life upon the free list? · 740 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. J ANU.A..RY 5,

These gentlemen have lured me far afield by their numerous, ot labor maintained at high rates-higher now th:m ever before, and ingenious, and interesting questions. Let us return a moment always distinguishing our working people in their better condition::; of life from those of any competing countr·y. Enjoying the blessings of to the conside1·ation of the present crisis in our tariff affairs. the American common school, secure in the right of self-governme-nt, What sort of a modus vivendi is it that Secretary .Root is n.nd protected in the occupancy of their own markets, their constantly endeavoring to induce Secretary Shaw to enter into with Ger­ Increasing knowledge and skill have enabled them to finally enter the many? Why, if the papers are to be believed, it is to be nothing markets of the world. more than a systematic juggling with invoices of German prod­ Further on in that platform let me read to you what was said ucts imported into this country from Germany-a sleight of about reciprocity. I believe that this measure is claimed by its hand performance by which invoices from that country are to friends to be a reciprocity measure. Oh, I have become so dis­ be rated lower than they should be in order to placate Germany gusted with the term reciprocity, as used by the Republican temporarily and tide the Republican party over the rocks during party-not the Democratic party-since I have been a Member this session. In the meantime, we are to be amused with this of thls House that I can not believe for an instant that the maximum and minimum toy. Then Congress having done noth­ friends of this measure and the friends of Cuban reciprocity ing, absolutely nothing, to permanently improve the situation ever knew what reciprocity meant as referred to by James G. and :having adjourned, the Republicans will play another stu­ Blaine and William McKinley. pendous confidence game by going to the country with gorgeou._ We favor the associated policy of reciprocity, so dit·ected as to open promises of what they will do by way of taritf revision at the our markets on favorable terms- short session-in which great game they will be all things to all Now, listen, please, and then compare 1t with the effects of men, hoping thereby to carry the Congressional elections. This this bill-_ trick may prove successful, but I do not believe that it will. for what we do not ourselves produce-- 'rhe people are not all fools. 'l'hat is reciprocity; that is what was meant by the Repub­ Gentlemen, I have exceeded by very much the time that I lican party at that time when they mentioned reciprocity- expected to occupy. I thank the House profoundly for its in return for the forei&-n markets. courtesy and its kindness. This speech is somewhat disjointed, That is reciprocity as I understand it, gentlemen. Reciproc­ because it was not written out beforehand and because there ity does not mean that we propose to open our markets to the have been ceaseless interruptions. I have tried to be fair about goods of foreign countries to come in here without duty on com­ it. I have denied no Member a chance to interrogate me. I petitive articles. Thnt is not what was meant by the term hope that this day's work will open up a discussion that will be "reciprocity." By opening our markets to -the raw sugars of the cause and beginning of a wider discussion in the country, the world, produced by the cheapest laboc on earth-is that which will do one of two things-it will either drive the Repub­ reciprocity, when we can produce that product on American licans of the agricultural districts into electing outspoken Re­ soil? I say "No." publican tariff revisionists here, or else the next House will be Let me read to you what our President, Theodore Roosevelt, a Democratic House. Truth is mighty and will prevail. If I said in his letter of acceptance in 1904, and then, if you please, have contributed even "the widow's mite"-to the approaching I will ask the friends of this measure to reconcile it with the triumph of a righteous cause, the three hours which I have principles in this bill, if they can. consumed have been profitably spent. I have an abiding faith Here is what the President said in his letter of acceptance that when the eyes of the taxpayers of the land are opened to in the last campaign: the situation they will not longer stand for the monstrosities of The one consideration which must never be omitted in a tarll'l' change the Dingley tariff bill. [Prolonged applause on the Democratic -is the imperative need of preserving the American standard of living side.] for the American workingman. · Mr. FORDNEY rose and was recognized. I will sho-w you later on what tbis bill proposes to do in the Mr. BISHOP. Mr. Chairman, I ask unmmous consent that standard of wages for the American laboring mnn : the gentleman from Michigan may be allowed to conclude his The taril'l' rate must never fall below that which will protect the . remarks without limit. American work.ln.gman by allowing for the dil'l'erence between the Tbe CHAIRMAN. The gentleman from Michigan [Mr. BISHOP] general labor cost here and abroad, so_ as at least to equalize the con­ ditions arising from the ditierence in the standard of labor here and asks unanimous consent that his colleague, who has been recog­ abroad-a difference which it should not be our aim to foster in so· far ·nized by the Chair, may be permitted to speak until he shall as it represents the needs of better educated, better paid, better fed, and have concluded his remarks. Is there objection? better clothed work:lngm.en of a higher type than any to be found in a foreign country. At all hazards and no matter what else is sought · There was no objection. , for or accomplished by changes of the taril'l' the American working­ Mr. FORDNEY. Mr. Chairman, I am in this matter placed man must be protected in his standard of wages-that isl in his stnnd­ be ard of living-and must be secured the fullest opportun ty of employ­ in a rather peculiar position. I wish it to under tood at the ment. Our laws should in no event afford advantage to foreign indus­ beginning where I stand on this measure. I will try to make tries over American industries. Tbey should in no event do less than myself clear in what I bave to say about it, so that there will be equalize the difference in conditions at home and abroad. no misunderstanding as to what my views are. I am opposed That is what our President srud in his letter of acceptance to this bill for many reasons. In the time given me I will try before entering upon the campaign that elected him President of in a plain, businesslike way to explain why I oppose this bill. the United States, the position he now holds. Let me read you In the first place let me say I understand the measure is what he further said: ' called a Republican measure. From the wording of the biii It is- a matter of regret that the protective tarll'l' policy, which dur­ and the effects which may arise from it no human being, in my ing the last forty-odd years has become part of the very fiber of the opinion, could understand whether it is a Republican or aDem­ country, is not now accepted as definitely established. Surely we have a right to say that it has passed beyond the domain of theory, and a ocratic measure. I have always understood that the Repub­ right to expect that not only its original advocates, but those who at lican party, to which I belong, stood for protection to American one time distrusted it on theoretical grounds, should now acquiesce in industries. I believe that the President of the United States is t he results that have been proved over and over again by actual ex­ perience. These forty-odd years have been the most prosperous years a protectionist, and that many Republican Presidents before him this nation has ever seen, more prosperous years than other nations have were protectionists. I believe that the platforms adopted in ever seen. national conventions by the Republican party have declared for Again he says : protection to American industries. To bear me out in that Every class of our people is benefited by the protective tari.!f. Dm·ing statement, I want to ask the time of the House while I re~d a the last few years a merchant has seen the export trade of this country portion of the Republican platform adopted in the national con­ grow faster than ever in our previous history. The manufacturer could not keep his factory running if it were not for the protective vention in St. Louis in 1896. It is the plank in that platform tariff. The wage-worker would do well to remember that if protection that refers particularly to sugar. is " robbet·y " and is to be punished accordingly, he will be the first to pay the penalty. We condemn the present Adminlstratlon for not keeping faith with the sugar producers of this country. The Republican party favors · Taking all in all what I have read from our Republican plat4 such protection as will lead to the production on American soil of all form and what I have read from the letter of acceptance by the sugar which the American people use, and for which they pay other Theodore Roosevelt, I still, my friends, cling to the high pro~ countries more than $100,000,000 annually. tective tariff as the safeguard of American liberty, and I be­ I believe that the Republicans in convention that framed that lieve the President of the United States stands with me on that plank in this platform meant what they said, meant that if the principle. people of this country would return that party to power tlfey Now, let us see it thiB bill becomes a law, whether or not we -would carry out their pledge. Have they done it? Let me ar-e carrying out the pledges that we made to the people of this read you just a little of the platform adopted in 1900 by the country upon wbich every Republican in this House stood and Republican party in convention assembled : pledged himself to the letter of the law. When I accepted the We renew our faith In the policy of protection to American labor_ nomination in my district, my friends, I pledged myself to the e In that policy our industries have been established, diversified, and platforms, and I propose to stand there until the last ditch, maintained. By protecting the home market competition has been stimulated and production cheapened. Opportunity to the inventive if I am the only man ~n this side of the House to stand in that &enius of our people has been secured and w~es iu every department line~ · 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 741

It is my opinion and my belief-and I am candid and firm in the sound of my voice who would support such a measure? If that belief-that we .can not tear down this protective. wall so, he is not a friend of mine. But, thank God, gentlemen here which the Republican party has put around American institu- have the right to think as they please and act as their good tions and let in the product of foreign cheap labor without judgment dictaws. If they differ with me, it is their privilege. injuring that industry, if it is a competitive article. Let us But if there are .any gentlemen iri the House of Representatives, see whether or not the sugar from the Philippine Islands and or in either end of this Capitol, who would support a measure the sugar from Cuba is a competitive article with something that will drive out of existence one single industry in the United made in this country. Tbe year of 1883 was about the time the States to the benefit of the trusts, I would like to know who he sugar industry in this country began to grow. It ran :along is. Is there a man here who would do it? I believe not. But gradually and slowly until 1897, when William McKinley called let us see whether or not this bill -does that, in ·effect. I have together Congress in extra session for the purpo-se of repealing stated to you before that when Cuban reciprocity became a law the Wilson bill, and put in its place a high-protection tariff the sugar trust, if they should receive the benefits of the 20 per measure. The Dingley bill provided that sugar coming from (!ent reduction, could put upon our markets raw ·sugars imported foreign countries, 16 Dutch standar.d, -or "96 per cent pure, should 1 from Cuba at a third of a cent per pound less than sugar could pay a duty of 1.G8~ cents per hundred pounds. By the provi- be produced from beets. Mr. Willetts, of Willetts & Gray, sugar 'Sions of that bill the American sugar manufacturers of the statisticians, of New York, one of the greatest experts among United States had that much .advantage over the cheap-made the statisticians and mathematicians of this country, stated last sugar in foreign countries. That tariff stood there as a stone- spring before the Committee on Ways .and Means that at that wall against the foreign nations of the earth. That stimulated time the sugar trust was purchasing raw sugar from Cuba at 13 the sugar industry in the United States, .and right in the State cents a hundred pounds below the Hambm·g or London prices, of .Michignn, which I have the honor to represent in part in and the refined sugar produced by the American Sugar Refining Congress, the first sugar factory began to make sugar !rom Company and the .A.rbuckles was at that time being sold and put beets grown in the fields of .Michigan. upon onr markets for 11 or 12 cents a hundred pounds above In 1898 the .first factory in that State turned -out some sugar. the price obtained for refined sugar in Hamburg and in London. Under the belief that the Republican party meant just what it If that is so, my friends, the 20 per cent reduction given to said in its platform, and that that party so long as it remained Cubans for their sugar in that Ouban reeiprocity measure in power was going to carry out its pledge, capital became confi- amounted to 33.7 cents per :hundred pounds. Then Mr. Willetts dent and sugar factories began to spring up all -over Dnr State, shows conclusively that the sugar trust had absorbed 24 cents 11lld by 1900 we had 17 magnificent sugar factories in that State. of the 34 cents, while nt the same time every man, woman, and That industry kept going on so rapidly that the average man child within my hearing or. out of my bearing in this {!ountry could not keep pace with it, but the very instant the Republican knows that the consumer paid f and 2 cents a pound more for party intl'oduced lnto Congress a so-called " Cuban reciprocity his sugar than he did before the enactment of the Cuban bill. measure," immediately the hope Df every business man. in the How do you reconcile those differences, my friends? I can not State of Michigan who had a single dollar invested 1n that do it other than by the fact that the sugar trust absorbed, as I industry vanished. They hesitated, and said: " What does our stated, two-thirds of that reduction and the poor devil of a party propose to do! It has given encouragement to this indus- Cuban got but one-third. Now, to bear out the statement that try. We have invested our money-all we had, in many in- this is possible, that Mr. Wil1etts was ~orrect, a public announce­ sauces-and now by the adoption of Cuban reciprocity and the ment was made in the newspapers of this c-ountry on or about removal of 20 pe1· cent of the :$1.68! -duty that stood there as a January or February, 1905, that the sugar trust had -declared a stone wall we can readily see that the g1·eat sugar trusts of this dividend-an annual dividend, mind you-of 26 per cent on their country are going to have an advantage over us, and with $90,000,000 of capital, and that 26 per cent did not include the their $90,000,000 and not -one drop -of warm human blood flowing pro-fits on coffee and in the banking business, in both of which in their veins we know that the inevitable must come unless the they are heavily engaged. Is that any good excuse? Why, the Republican party will stand by its pledges made in 1896 and gentleman from New York [Mr. PAYNE] yesterday lightly spok-e again in 1900." .And imagine their surprise·! When Cuban of the correctness of Mr. Will~tts's statement the other day before reciprocity was introduced, and the Committee on Ways and the Committee on Ways and Means, giving him credit for ·being Means gave notice that the hearings would be given, from all .a very fine and scholarly gentleman, but doubting his figures. over the United States came delegations representing the beet- Let me say to you, if you read the hearings before the Committee sugar industry and representing the cane-sugar industry in the on Ways and 1\Ieans that took place just before the holidays, South, and earnestly registered their protest agaimt the passage and then listened to the gentleman's remarks frolll the State ()f of that measure. But what was the :nse7 It was a packed jury, New York made yesterday, or read his remarks, and you will and a conclusion bad been reached before the bill was introduced. find that he discredits, or .attempts to discredit, the statements They pleaded for mercy. They said they had their money in- made by every man who appeared in.opposition to this measure. vested. They sn.id that the sugar trust could · import into the The gentleman referred to Mr. Hathaway, a gentleman employed United States from Cuba raw sugar, pay the Dingley rate of by several 'SUgar factories in the State of !tii(!higan to go to the duty, pay the prevailing price for the raw sugars in the markets · Philippine Islands and investigate the sugar situation, so that of the world, pay the cost of refining, and put refined sugar upon ru: the beginning of this Congress, knowing that this bill would the market for just about what the manufacturer could produce again be broug)l.t up for consideration, :they might be in posses­ sugar from beets for and put it on the market. sion of some fac-ts to meet the tCOmmittee's :recommendations. Ever since the first pound of sugar was produced in this coun- Mr. Hathaway is a resident of my home town, an estimable gen­ try from beets and cane the s"ug.ar trust has fixed a standard of tleman. Not one wo:rd in the ·hearings before the Ways and prices, and it receives for ·sugar made from .cane 10 cents a bun- Means Committee appears to discredit the honesty and integrity dred pounds more than the sugar.. beet manufacturer can get for of that gentleman, yet Mr. PAYNE yesterday in his remarks on his sugar; and no matter whether the price ·in the market is the floor of this House referred to him as representing $5,000,­ bigh or whether it is low the manufacturer of beet sugar dare 000 of {!apitai going to the Philippines to pm·chase sugar land. not undersell or oversell the sugar trust in -any market of the Mr. Gove, another gentleman who happened to be in the Philip­ United States. No merchant-no wholesale grocery merchant . pines ·at the same time Mr. Hathaway was there, gave his testi­ in the United .States-can buy from the sugar-beet manufac- mony or statement, and the question was asked him by Mr. turers in this country his supply of sugar for the twelve months SMITH -of Michigan, a member of the Committee .on Ways and in the year. There is a time during the twelve months when Means, "What did you hear as to w.bat Mr. Hathaway repre­ ·every merchant in the United States must go to the sugar trust sented b.imse1f to be in the Philippine Isla.ndsr Did you hear for his sugar, and the sugar trust has laid down this rule, and him claim that lie was a representative of millions of dollars 4 "they have carried out this rule to the letter: ' If you buy and that he was over there for the purpose of buying sugar m~e than so much sugar from the beet-sugar manufacturer, plantations and building fa<:tories? u His answer was, .. I trav­ by the gods, you can not have a pound of sugar from us when eled for days and days and weeks with that gentleman -and never beet sugn.r is exhausted.~' I know a ease in the State of A-Iich- beard such a statement until I beard it here in the committee lgan where a wholesale grocery man in the city -of Detroit Imd :room."" I ·take Mr. Hathaway's statement as being .abso-iutely an interest in a sugar factory in the Eighth district, at a honest and fair. I believe what he has to say. I would believe town called Caro. The sugar trust served notice upon him that ·him :as .quick as -any other honorable g-entleman whom I know:. he must not use over a certain amount of sugar coming from I know {)f no instance where Mr. Hathaway, .either in speaking bis own factory, and if he did, not a pound could be get .from of the Philippine Islands or of the sugar industry of this conn­ them when his sugar was gone. Oh, what kind of

, CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE . • j was introduc~, in 1900, there were 52 sugar factories in the ber of factories controlled by what is called the .. ~ugar trust," as United States, and they were springing up so fast, as I have well as the number of factories that are not so controlled. In stated before, that the average business man could not keep other words, I want to find out how many factories are owned track of the progress of that industry. Fi:{ty-two factories by what is known as the "sugar trust." After the gentleman produced sugar from beets in 1900, and the report of the Ag­ tells me that, will he tell me to what extent the sugar trust ricultural Department shows that there were 34 more fac­ dominates the beet sugar? tories either under consh·uction or contemplated in the United Mr. FORDNEY. I thank the gentleman for the inquiry. I States at that time; but upon the agitation of Cuban reciproc­ can give him that information only as applied to the State in ity what happened, my friends? To-day we have but 54 in the which I reside. I am not acquainted with the fact as to how United States, and I will give their location to you and their many factories they are interested in in the United States. · slicing capacity. I want to call your attention to this for the Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Are they . interested in beet- reason that I want to show you how much money the American sugar factories? · - people put in that industry upon their faith in the Republican Mr. FORDNEY. Yes, sir; in beet-sugar factories. I am talk­ party, pledged by their platforms, to which I have referred. ·ing about beet-sugar factories. Does the gentleman ask me what California bas 7 factories . to-day in operation, as. shown by they control? statistics. Their slicing capacity daily is 9,100 tons. Colorado Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. I want to find out how many has 12, with a daily slicing capacity of 9,300 tons of beets. factories they own. Do they own any beet-sugar factories, and Idaho has 3, with a slicing capacity of 3,000 tons. Illinois has to what extent does the sugar trust dominate beet sugar? 1, with a slicing capacity of 350 tons per day. Michigan bas 17 Mr. FORDNEY. I know of no factQry they own absolutely factories, with a slicing capacity of 11,150 tons daily; Nebraska, in the United States. I will give you the names of the fac­ 2, with a slicing capacity of 1,450 tons per day; New York, 1, tories in which they have an interest in the State in which I slicing 600 tons daily ; Ohio, 1, slicing 400 tons daily; Oregon, live; some other gentleman may be able to answer your ques­ 1, slicing 400 tons daily; Utah, 7, slicing 4,000 tons daily ; tion as to other States later on. Now, as to the factories in 'Vashington, 1, slicing 500 tons daily; Wisconsin, 3, slicing which they are interested. They are interested in the follow­ 1,700 tons daily. The total number of factories running in ing factories in the State of Michigan: The Saginaw Sugar the United States, year 1905, 56; total slicing capacity, 42,000 Company, the Caro Sugar Company, the Bay State Sugar Fac­ tons of beets; total investment of capital in these factories now tory, the Alma Factory, a factory at Croswell, another factory at in operation, about $42,000,000. Sebewaing, and a third interest in a factory at Menominee. When Cuban reciprocity was introduced in the House, Mich­ Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. What is the output of the fac­ igan factories sent such a delegation down here to oppose tr1at tories? measure, composed of such representative and honorable busi­ Mr. FORDNEY. I will give 7ou the whole annual output of ness men that the sugar trust was simply awed. They imme­ the beet factories. The · factories in Michigan have a slicing diately sent a representative to the State of Michigan and pur­ capacity of 11,150 tons of beets per day. In other words, to chased an interest in some of the best factories in that State in build a sugar factory in this country it costs $1,000 a ton for order to hush up that opposition. And one man from Bay the slicing capacity of that factory. A factory that would slice City, Mich., came down here, and I had the pleasure of accom­ 600 tons of beets per day costs $600,000. I will read the com­ panying him to the White House to appeal to Theodore Roose­ plete list a little later. Let me go on with my remarks in refer­ velt to urge Congress to withdraw Cuban reciprocity. He ence to the conditions. appealed to the President most. earnestly, but got no relief. Mr. GAINES of 'l'ennessee. I thank the gentleman for this In a few days the trusts got bold of him and purchased a information. half interest in his factory. In the course of a week or ten Mr. FORDNEY. What would you say that the av~rage Amer­ days afterwards be came back here, sent in his card, asking me ican citizen, capitalist, laboring man, and farmer would nat­ to meet him in the hall and go to lunch with him. He begged urally expect from the Republican party after he had read me to accept the 20 per cent . reduction. Why? Because he their platform, which I have put in my remarks here? Would bad been purchased by Haven;~.eyer, :;ttid jt was to Havemeyer's he not naturally suppose, as I have said, that they meant it and interest to have that bill become a law. When I found what that ·be could with confidence go on with his business industry he wanted of me, I begged to be excused. I could not turn and be protected against foreign manufacturers and the foreign my coat as qukkly as all that. To-day, my friends, let me cheap labor of the world? Certainly that would be the natural say to you the sugar trust lias purchased, th~·ough a representa­ conclusion he would arrive at. I never had a dollar invested tive, a truste~, in order that they might not be known in the in a sugar factory. I would not want it to-day. I would not transaction, an interest _in eight or nine of the best factories take sugar stock in !illY factory within the State in which I in the State. One, at Kalamazoo, has, I understand, been live at 50 cents on the dollar of its actual par value unless my torn to the ground. If I am wrong in that, I hope my col­ friends of the Republican party would awaken from this sleeep, league [Mr. GARDNER] will correct me. They became "interested from this forgetfulness, that they are going through and say to ln another factory, at Oscoda. After that factory. had been · tl:\e public, " We meant what we said. · We will repeal the Cu­ built it was found that there were not enough farmers in. that ban reciprocity and we will shut out from American markets immediate vicinity to raise beets for the factory and that the every pound of raw sugar made by foreign clileap labor and land was not the best adapted for the raising of beets in the foster that home industry in the United States until we produce State; and the consequence is that factory bas heen torn down on American soil every pound of sugar that the American peo- or is now being demolished. They purchased another factory, ple consume." [Applause.] · ·known as the "Michigan Sugar Factory," at Bay City. Its For the benefit of some of you gentlemen let me show you doors are closed and nailed up, never to run again. bow that industry went with leaps and bounds on the supposi­ They purchased an interest in the Saginaw Sugar Company, in tion that they were going to receive protection from the Repub­ my own town-a magnificent sh·ucture, a mo:oument to our lican party. I have gone back as far as ten years in statistics, .town or to any city in the land, that cost something like seven and I find that in the United States in 1895 there were 20,092 or ·eight hundred thousand (lollars. To that factory they ob­ tons of sugar produced from beets; one year later, 29,220 tons; tained absolute control or title, and within ninety days' time in 1897, 37,536 tons. In 1898-watch, now-from the time the they put upon its roof 150 men, tore it to the ground, and noth­ Dingley bill became a law, in which bill there was a provision ing but the smokestack remains. God forbid, gentlemen, that placing a high tariff on foreign cheap sugar coming into our ~ar­ you and I or any other set of men should ever pass a· measure ·kets and protected that home industry to the extent that Ameri­ to help such a hydra-headed, damnable corporation as that! can capital could make an investment and feel secure in their Why do they not want .American beet-sugar factories to run? protection and that they were guing to make a profit in the busi­ I will tell you why. They have sufficient capacity in their ness-in 1898 there were produced 40,398 tons. In 1899, for refineries to-day to refine all of the,sugat that all of the people some unknown reason-a bad year, I presume, for the raising in the United States consume and 20;000,000 of people more of beets-the crop dropped oft' to 32,407 tons; but in 1900 it without adding one dollar's worth of machinery to their present jumped up to 73,000 tons ; in 1901, 77,000 tons; in 1902, 163,000 plants; and with this beet-sugar competition out of the way tons ; in 1903, 195,000 tons ; in 1904, 208,000 tons ; in 1005, they can buy the raw sugar in the markets of the world, bring 209,000 tons; and this year, 1905-6, 285,000.long tons, or 300,000 it into the United States, refine it, and hand it out to tbe· short tons, in round numbers; and this, my friends, with about consumer at just what price they see fit to charge for it. the same number of factories we had in commission in 1901. 1 Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. Will my friend from Michigan Some criticism has been made about the figures given by the yield" for a question. I want to get some information on this manufacturers of beet sugar in the State of Micpigan · and subject. throughout the United States. The chairman of the Committee Mr. FORDNEY. Certainly. on Ways and Means yesterday referred to the profit made Mr. GAINES of Tennessee. I wish he would tell !De the nuni- from a by-product, -pulp. He said that one institution-! kno'Y the 0~ he bad. in )llind; .it .is lOcated at Alma~. in. the adjoin-. .· ~f~, FORDNEY. ri do not care what the Navy D.ei>artment · ing, county. to my home county-had exper?mented with beet --said. I belie~e Mr. Smith, for I know he-is an honorable man. pulp, and h~ hooted at the idea tJJ.at it-wa.s an e~eriment. He .- ·Mr. PAYNE. T do not c~e what ·Mr. Smith says. I" believe is mist~~n {l.bout this, not being an experimenL Th.~re are . ~nly .tl,:le Navy Department...... four such institutions in the United States.. That company sp~t .. Mr: FQRDNEY. All right My colleague [Mr. Loun] offers $9,800-in getting rid of that pulp. . They were obliged under· our ·a -suggestion. Was. t~t the price p.t the factory or the price State laws to in some way dispose of. it so that it would not be. a: laid. .down tG ,the Government at some point w.ith freight added? detriment to the sanitary .conditions, and th~y erected a , plant, M-r. PAYNE. -· ~ r.eally do not know. · - - ~. , a dry_ kiln, at an· _eX-pense of:$65,000, if r' remember rightly, to )\fr• .FPRDNEY. I did not believi3 that yorr did know. . dry this {lulp and put it upon the market as, a t'opd for stock;· . ,Mr. ~AY~. . The freight would be so infinitesimal that it and one ·of the proprietors of that factory · told. me yesterday .would make very little- differen~e. The-:.freig:Qt on 6.76"· pounds, that they about broke even last year on that instifu:t~on; .: . whlcp. is the weight of a gallon, would be very small. . Some criticism has.. been made as to~ the amount of. molasses' ·. 1\Ir. FORDNl!;JY. I leave it to gentlemen to judge for them­ sold for the production of alcohol. J\fr. PAYNE referred to a Mr. selves~ . . . . · Humphrey,. who appeared before the Committee on ~ Ways and . Mr. ·PAYNE. I do not.know where it was delivered, but I ~eans, .and. be spoke lightly of the answers that Mr. Humi:>h:rey will say to. the gentleman that I presume· it was delivered to the -gave w.ben he was asked what they received for molasses . . His G.ov:ernrp.enf at the. .plac,e. where the .smokeless-powder f~ctory answer ·was that they receive~ about .$2.50 per·i9n, a:oout what it is located. ·· , ·. c()st to. run the molasses- into cars and dispose of it : . . Mr. FORDNEY. I bave no r~as~ri to.disi;>ute the ffgure~ given There are but three institutions in the whole United S}a.tes by !he- , -g~ntl~m~ ,_ froll?- N¢!f York, if tl!os~ .f!gures: represe.nt the making alcohol from the sir\]:ps from sugar extracted from be~ts. ~ q.eliv~red . P~Ice. . _ .: ,~ . . ·: _. . ~ _. Two of them are il).. the_.. State of Michigan, and i,t is a g()dsend , ~r. P~YNJp. ' I presume~ that)s_ tlre · fa~t, and I giv~ the gen- to tlie manufacturers ,in that !$tate to find a market for t}lat bit- tlema,n the benefit of my assumpt~pn in the C3$e. ter sirup. The gentleman from N~w Yc;>rk saig.. that the su~ar -.. .M~. FORDNEY; -All ·right. As the liisliman said when: the factories were interested in. that alcohol plant.- I want . to .cor-· otb~r fello~ called him a.I}ar, "!Ve wi11 lave it so/' [~aughter.] rect hiiP. That is.' a JDistake. There ·is not a ·sugar factoi-y ·. in He. 9Jd not.. want ,to have _any fUrtJier -dispute, and neither do . I, the State pf.. .~ichigan that has any interest iri ~hat alcohQl.pJant. because the gentleman's last statement explaJns 'the . ~'f?~repancy . It is. owned-by a , separate corporation, which pays to this-Gov- in ,flis figures. , . - ...... e'rnment· ahout a million and a qmirter of dollars a ' year· in ...1\fr. _P.A.YNE .... i. do nqt \0dersfan:w, J .b~ be· had ever received above the tax· was 2(} cen~ per~ gallon, .ap.d h~ve I a_m _g;amg ~o conteD:d m .this ca~e that I and IJ.lY constLtu- it often sold as low., as 12 cents per: gallon. .:·. . l· . ~nts are t1ie def~n.dants. _ ~La.ughte~.] .Mr. . HILL of Connecticut .Do . the beet-sugar factqries ·-. seU . , MJ:· P~YNE. ~ I fh4lk ,mY frtend from, ~ichigan _ J?-USt be. in- their refuse at a ~ed price? . ~ . .. _dUlgJ.ng ~n som~ of the poetry that hangs arounQ. this questiOn. . Mr. FORDNEY. Tqe beet, factories sell to th~ .aicohol.manp.- Where did he get the story? ·~· .· . facturing . institution . their sirup after extracting .all tb.~ .sugar _1\Ir. JJ'ORDNEY. From :1. ~torybook. .[Laughter.] they can from it. T:Pey sell the re.s'id uum-wh.:,l.:!; . i~ callro; the lfi; ~ P AYNN. I never hearo it before. , . "bitter sirup "-:-to the alGohol factories. . , . . · , .Mr. FORD~Y. I don't-know but that the gentleman from ~.fJ;. HILL of Connecticut , And: that aicoJiol when produced ~ew York :wrote it Now, let me sh_ow you wp.at 'this. industry .f!.!ld refitled is ,good fpr fuel and light and power;_jus1: the same amounts ~o iii this COUJ?-trY and particularly the. St.ate in 'Yhlch I as grain alcohol would be'!' have . the .honor to .reside. . In the State of Michigan this year Mr. FORDNEJY. 'While I -am not an expert~ on . alcoho( I thei:E! were · s~mewhere from seventy-":five to eighty thousand acr~ think that is the case. o( land planted to sugar_ beets, from which we1:e sold by the Mr. IDLL ot Conn~cticut. And it can ·be, p~oduced . a.t a cost · farmers 640,000 tons ot.J:>eets - delivered _to the beet-sugar f.ac- .of 12 cents. a gallon?.- , . . . _ tories in that State. .. , . .Mf. FORDNEY. . That was not what I s!lld. r· said they had Mr... CJ;IARLES B. LANDIS. Will the gentl~man allow me a sold it for 12 cents a gallon above the $1.10 tax upon it quesbon? 1\fr. HILL of Connecticut. I meant aside from the tax on it Mr. FORDNEY. Certainly. . . 1\!r • ..FORDNEY. :Yes·; in otber words, .at a .total wholesale Mr. - CHAR~Es · B. LANDIS. Is it not a fact th:i.t most o·r . pr'ic.e. Qf fr,om $:1,.22 to . $1.30 . per_proof gallop.. They have sold these factorf~s , now rent the land direct from .the !armer. a:t;~.d ~t .a& .row· as ,12 Cei\ts and as higb as 20 cents above tlie $1.10 cUltivate ~e !)op themselves? · , . . . revenue ta~ per prQof g~lon. . . . Mr. .FORDNEY. . No. I know ·of but one factory in the State M.rz PAYNE. ._Did. the gentleman say they sold the alcohol fo.r of Michigan that o"Wns any Ian~ on which beets are raise!). 20 cents? • They are all contracting for planting except a portion of the !\fr.. FORDNElr. . Above the t~ . _ . beets raised- by one concern-at: Owosso, Mich. It· may .be the M:r~ - PAYNE. ,The records of the Navy· Department show that case in otber States, but ·.not in Michigan. From those beet.3 they sold it at 5 cents a pound, and; th~ are 6. 76 net pounds- ii;t this year there was produced: about . 67.200 long tons of sugar, a gallon of alcohol, which would be about 34 cents a .gallon. w.bich, at four and a h,;tlf . cents a pound, :would amoUnt .to The re~ords s~ow. t~at that was the. price. at which it was $6,175,000. ~.-That is in the State.of Michigan. for that crep,this bought from this distillery up there.- · . .. .. year. We only consume some ten o.r fifteen thousand tons in ., l\1r: FORDNEY. I · tear _the gentleman confuses. the proof the State more than we {lroduced this year. gaiiQn ~ with. the · win~ gallQn. The di1I~rence b.etween,.them wUl - Let me show you what :was produced. . In the U'llited State~ make the difference 1n the :figures, !think.· -: ,. . ·~ . . . this yeat _there -were ..from 280,9()0 _to, 300,,000 . aeres . o.f Jan~ ' ·Mr"' P ~~- Why, the gentleman- the 1 month· ot , ·.1\f~'- ; J!A~N;EJ~ .. _I P!J.Ye .:.~t. ~rom. ·tl}.e NaVY, - ,Pepaptm~_t• . -t!J,at ..J:Ul)t, .:whiG!! retarded · t~ crop very~ J}!nq.h~ ~ ~P,at-;280,_0QO 11c.res bought It. produced 2,800,000 tons of beets, anUnited Kingdom Mr. PAYNE. I did not state it was a compiete success. 01:\ consumes about 90 pounds per capita; Switzerland, ()3. pounds; the contrary, I -stated it was not, but I said it was not such a Denmark; 5.2 pounds ; Russia, 11 pounds; .Austria,· 18 pounds; failure as ypur people were representing, and then I gave figures Belgium, 22; France, 24; Germany, 28 pounds ; the Nether­ and did not characterize it. That is very different from your lands~ 31 pounds; Spain, 11 pounds, and Italy, 7. So that it is statement. - - · shown there is only one country on the face ot the eartl,l that Mr. FORDNEY. I do ~ot want to misquote you, and that consumes more sugar per capita than do the people of the was my recollection, and if I have misquoted you I beg your United States, and with American vim and Yankee push and pardon and wish to correct it. But let me tell you I want to plenty of capital and an abundance of soil why not foster that show to you it was an absolute failure and in no way a success, industry on American soil and produce all of the sugar that all and I can prove 'it to you·, and if not I will yield. Before pro­ of the people of the United States consume and keep that ceeding further, a gentleman sends me a note-from the gal­ one hundred to one hundred and twenty-five millions of dollars lery, !'believe, or from the hall-who is interested in an alcoho! that we ·send annually abroad for foreign sugar? Why not do factory at Bay City, about which we were talking, as to the it? I am ready and willing to lend my helping hand. cost or price received for his alcohol, and I will read what he .All I ask is sufficient support here, and I believe time and time states: again it has been proven to us that tliis c~n be done if we will The contract with Navy Department, referred to by Mr. PAYNE, was only give as much protection to this· industry as has been given 5 cents per pound. This is about 29 cents per wine gallon, or 16 cents to the iron and steel industry in this country and to the tin and per proof gallon, tree of tax. to every other principal industry in the United States. [Ap­ Mr. PAYNE. WelJ, the gentleman will remember in the hear­ plause.] We imported last year about the following amounts, ings that his friend, Mr. Humphrey, stated they received for and I will give you the different countries from which we the alcohol from 30 to 40 cents a gallon. That was his state­ brought it. We imported about 100,000 tons from Porto Rico, ment. and the statistics show that they produced 145,000 tons there. Mr. FORDNEY. Let me say to you Mr. Humphrey is in no From the Hawaiian Islands we imported from 350,000 to way . interest¢ __ in that institution. This information comes 370,000 tohs. .... From Cuba and ali other countries, 1, 750,000 tons. from its proprietor. We produced from cane in this country .about 300,000 tons and 1\Ir. PAYNE. He pretended to know about it. from sugar beets· 300,000 tons, or in the neighborhood of a total Mr. FORDNEY. Oh, yes; that might be, but he might have of all of about 2,800;000 tons, and of. this 1,750,000. tons :which been a little. off in h}s figures. ~ I _ < I •o l • • ~ • • • • 0 190~~ CON-G-RES_siONA~ -:RECORD-~HOUSE; _ 745

Mr:PAYNE. I think be is usually a liti;le off, ,and b~ mig~t P!ised. But ·if be could ~ave been here yesterday f\lld beard have been iil that: He was the -sugar e:;p~rt who . w~s testify- that·ge:ptleman assail our protectiy~ policy .and defend his free­ ing, aild be may· have been a little 'off. . , · . · ~ _ . _ ftade measure, be would say, " You . young scoundrel, SERENO, Mr. FORDNEY. -But not- an alcohol expert ue-}Vas ·really what bas co:tile· over you?'.' [Great laughter.] not a sugar expert. My friend Humpb.rey is a lawyer-one_of . ,Now, let' me go · further . and show you .what we gained by the hest in the State-an estimable gen'tlenian, and an able Ih:lll, Cuban reciprocity, my friend. We passed that measure as a who· would like to come to Congress/ and that is _the only _. tbing re'ciprocicy· measure. That bill provided that Cuban imports on which we differ.- [Applause · a~d laughter.] . _No~, · ~fter _our coming into_:this country should receive admission at a rate o·f dealings· with Cuba, let me show 'you whether or 'not thrs Cuban, duty 20 per cent below that fixed by the Dingley law, provided reciprocity was a success· or a failure. In the staJ;t 1et me say that ,goods coming from the United States into Cuba should be to you I was opposed to that measure. I fought it' bitt~rly. ~ adihitted into Cuba at 20 per cent less than that on any other was ready and willing, -because I · thought the interests of . my goods of any otlier country_ in the worlq. That was reciprocity constituents were at stake, to believe that I cQuld afford _to as it appeared and as it· said, but it was reciprocity oh competi­ override the decision of the gentleman ·in the chair when the tive· articles generally,_which is only an abortion for reciprocity, amendment was offered· to that bill, which the Cbair:rllan de­ a, subterfuge for reciprocity. . . . - clared ·was not germane. I was ·one of the forty~two or forty­ - Let us' see bow much benefit the farmer gets. My friends, I se'\;en insurgents who have been_referred to _who j9ined with have taken from the Cuban tariff some. items that would affect our Democratic friends· on 1bat side of the House_in overruling the ~erican farmer. , Let us see b_ow muc,h the American farmer the decision of the Chair, adding an amendment to Cuban reci­ has been benefited by that_ measur~. Poultry and American procity that· sent it to its fate. It failed. The v_alu·~ of our game going into Cuba from this country paid before reciprocity exports to and imports from Cuba for the calendar year of 1895 8.81 cents per_ kilogram. · _ . were as follows. The imports from Cuba for 1905 were $51,- Six weeks after the passage of our Cuban reciprocity meas­ 718,880. Our exports ·for that year were $9,498,000. -I will not ure and its acceptance by Cuba the Cuban Congress revised give the odd dollars, as it· does 'not amount to anything. In their tarii'r law, and, if I have the dates correctly, on the 14th 1896 we imported $24,703,000 worth and sold them '$7;296,000 _day of February, 1904, they ·raised the duty on all imports going worth. In 1897 ·we took $16,233,000 worth from 'them and sold into that island. So that when they gave us the benefit of the to tllem $9,308,000. In 1898 we took $18,321,000 a'n'd sold them 20 per cent reduction here is what we pay compared with what $10,750,000. In 1899 we took from them $29,668,000 and sold we paid before the Cuban reciprocity became a -law, and I as~ them $24,861,000. In 1900 we took $31,747,000 and ·sold them you if it is a square and fair deal? - , $26,934,000. Remember these two last dates, becauseT want to As I have said, _poultry pays 8.01_or Rl-I have confused the refer to them. In 1901 our imports from Cuba jumped up to figures there, but it is 8.1 or .8.01 as -against 8.32. That first $46,633,000 and our exports amounted to -' $27,007,000. That was item was_a misprint. , Meat in brine, 100 kilos, paid $2.80 before, in 1901. - In 1902 we took from them $48,619,000 worth and sold and pays $2.912 now. Beef and pork, $2.80 before; $2.912 now. them but $23,061,000 worth. The last year befo_re Cuban reci­ Lard paid $2.80, and it pays $2.912 now. Tallow paid $2. and procity, 1903, we took from _them $57,228,000 worth -and sold pays $2.08 now. Baco;n paid $4, and pays $4.16 now. Hams them $23,504,000, or $3,500,000 less than we sold· them ill 1901. and shoulders paid $5.50, and pay $5.70 now. Beef, fresh, paid Tllis is the year referred to by the g~ntleman · from New, York $5, and it pays $5.20 now. . Mutton paid $4.50 then,. and pays [Mr. PAYNE]. -- $4.68 now. Ob, an excellent deal for the American farmer! Mr. PAYNE. Was not 1901 the year we were occupying Goodness, liow proud be is of it, eh? . j Cuba? · · Pork·paid $4 then, pays $4.16 now; eggs, $5 then, $5.20 now. Mr. FORDNEY. I think it was. Rice-now, remember rice was something they wanted. The Mr. PAYNE. Of course, that made a great deal_ la1~ger sa-le southern people were raising rice; the Cubans were obliged to :tor American goods. · have rice, because their labor gets but little else than rice and Mr. FORDNEY. I agree with the gentleman. _I think that wind and atmospbere--J;iCe; $1, now 72 cents. They gave the_ is right. - Now, let me go further. The first year TI.nder. Duban benefit of 20 per cent and some more, but when it comes to rice reciprocity we took from them $74,950,000 worth and sold them :fiour~•· No,' sir," ·they said, " we . are not going to let you put $32,644,000 worth. The gentleman from New .YorJi [Mr. PAYNEl in· the finished product on that article;" and where jt paid $2 last spring, in referring to that, showed those figures, in. order before, it pays $2.08 now. Great help to American farm labor! to demonstrate that it was at least a partial success, as be say~. Ob, yes. Flour of oats, $1.20 before Cuban reciprocity; $1.248 In 1905,' the :first ten months o:t the yeart we took from Cuba now. Beans and peas, $1.10 before. now $1.144. , $87,001,000 worth and sold them $36,276,000 worth, or a little ·I may tire you.. I -know: the friends-of this measure are get­ over $2,000,000 more than we sold them last year, only a natural ting awfully tired.· Eggs, 70 cents before; 72 cents now. Po­ increase ·o:t our foreign trade that we should expect ~ with tlu!m, tatoes, 50 cents before; 52 cents now. Oh, what a lovely deal which would be a natural increase with any hation o1;1 ·tbe face for the Irish! [Laughter.] Clover, $3.60 before; $3.60 now. of the earth with our increase of exports all the time. Flax, 82 before; 82 now. Timothy, $2 then; $2 now. All farm Now, let us say that Cuban reciprocity did increase our sales products, mind you. Swine, $1 then, ~d $1 now ; sheep, $1 with Cuba from $23,000,000 ·to $32,000,000 last year~ while then, and $1 now; goats, $1 then, and $1 now. Various other our imports ran up frQm $48,619,000 in 190~ to $87,001,000' for animals the same. Petroleum oils, $3.50 then, and, $3.50 now. the first ten mop.tbs of 1905. Let us see what happened in the Horses, $2 to $1_5,. according to the quality and value; $2 to $15 way of loss of revenues to us. I have here- the. figures ~ The now. Agricultural machinery they were obliged to have, and sugar that we purchased last year, during the calendar _year, they gave us the benefit of 20 per cent on agricultural machinery. from Cuba was 1,232,589 tons. That 20 per cent benefit we We actually did get the benefit of the provision of that measure gave them as a · reduction of the duty, 20 per cent below the on agricultural machinery. It was $10 then, and · $8 now, Dingley rate of duty, amounted on that sugar alone to $9,304,- Wheat, 25 per cent-they were almighty hungry there and 567.84. And for the sugar imported into the United States for wanted wheat ·and they gave us a little more than the 20 per the first ten months of the calendar year of 1905, 1,100,000 tons. cent. Corn, 30 before, 27.3 now. Rye, 40, as against 41.6 now. That loss of duty to us amounted to $8,303,680, or in the Barley, 50, as against 52 now. Oats, 40, as against _41:6, and twenty-two months, $17,608,247.84. . All this for the measly bran, 25, as against 26 cents. An excellent deal for the American seven to ten or twelve millions dollars' worth of business with farmer! It is true our farm products-all tbe!:ie articles I have the Cubans. named-go into the islands at 20 per cent less than articles of Ob, great Scott! If I bad a boy 10 years old. at a 10-cent the same kind froin iny other country in the world. But they department counter that could not make a better trade than bought these articles before Cupan reciprocity, and they would that I would spank him so that he would have to eat his meals buy them now if that measure bad never passed. from the mantel for a week. [Laughter.] The gentleman from Mr. PAYNE. That being the case, and we get a reduction New York [Mr. PAYNE], when talking for the Cuban reciprocity over any other country, the more they raise the duty ·the more measure, and when his republicanism or his devotion to the the differential, is it not? For instance, they double the duty taritr measure \vas questioned, said: " I am a protectionist. I and the·amount of differential would be doUbled? have been taught protection from my father's knee." I do not Mr. FORDNEY. Yes. doubt it. He got started all right. How is be going? How is he Mr. PAYNE. You get in that _much cheaper than anybody running? If that father could come back to-day ·and I:ead the ~e? . speecll made by his son on the Dingley bill, he would pat bim on Ur. 'FORDNEY. We get in under 20 per cent less duty than the back and say " Well done, my son." Wben be would read anybody ~lse. . · , . bis speech on the Porto Rican bill, again be would say, ... 'Veil Mr. PAYNE. If they raise the duty to· the people then tbere done, my son." ·But if be could rise up and bear his speech is a greater dJ,1Ierence between tQe duty Rn,d ~he 20 per. cent? · · made on Cuban reciprocity, he would hesitate and iook sur- Mr. FORDNEY~ - Concede that you are absolutely right-and i 'wiri do it fo.r the ~ake ofthe .ar~e'~t-;-wliy, ln ·the ' n~~e of profit . ~nd yo~--~liave 3.1 cents. ~ Make the -difference as shown God, did not Theodore Roosevelt ask Congress to ..~ct at on~e and there of half a cent a pound, that would be 3i.' Now, if the sugar raise their _duties · in proportion? Would ,not .this be .a square trust absorbs that product, . which there is no doubt in my deal, .and tax the C~ban s~ga:r an equal arp.ount. after. giving · min~ they·_ will d<>;. b:cause they never let' anYthing get away them 20 per cent .reduction) and m:,llie.· them pay just wha,..tthey that they can get their claws on; they_can get sugar from · the paid before? And you would see how quick they would get- off Philippine: Islands under modern improved methods f..or sugar their perch. . . _ . _ , production and: put it upon our market at a quarter of a cent 1\Ir. PAYNE. I think that the Senate, under-the lead of the per pound ·less than it can be produced from sugar beats.: geJ!tle~en whq were advocati~g the same side .of the · qu~stion This testimony has been given ovei· and over again. I have as the gentleman is now. advocating, put into the treaty or into 'rui abundaooe of it here to show that the labor in ·the cane the law a ·provision whereby we were to keep the ·same duty fields, the maximum price, is 16 cents a day in money and food on sugar, so far as C,uba. was conc.erned. · · combined. Ur. Welbom. states _that he has found the Filipino Tllen, I wanLto .remind .the _gentreman,of, another tliing. - He an_ efficient employee, ap.d as good a teamster, as,good. a -man -was hoastllg about helping beat the bil1 we had be~ore the . tO plow in the field, ras. any Amerfcan he has ever . employed. House., The bill before the .Honse ~ve the differential iri: favor Time. .an([ j::ime .again, through the heari.pgs it has been stated :of our people of .20 pe.r cent ad. valorem. 'upon the .value tlie 'by tJie gentlemen who went there fo~ the purpose of obtaining 0 ot goods, which would: have been a inuch greater ,difference than information that the wages paid in the. Philippi.x;te ~ane 1ields I what tfi~ tr~aty gave. So, lt- anybody is respoh~ible for the were 15, .16-, and 17 cents a day, and in many i:ustances, not­

.; smal~· gro)V:tp ·of .vliic?, the geirtleniah 0 . cqmpla~ -iri) mr trade withsf:inding the statement niade _by Mr. Taft, wllo said tnat 1 with Cubat and the amount we ro:e selling down tnere, it seen"'s there was no such thing as peonage in the islands, it has been ' to ~e . it. i& not_th~ map. who !iJ.trod.uced t)le_bi.IJ . int

after .trampling on the . rul~s of the Hous~. ·. ~- _ .' · . relieved from bondage, who 0 ha~ ,. t

Mr. FORD.NEY. 0 FQr GOd's sake, .do not conn~ct .me With any of her own, who was gLven to her master when she was. 7 Stich proposition, or charge 1p.e witJ;l ~dvocating: any ~P!oposi_tion years old to pay a debt of 75 peso~ ($3,7.50); which. these people that eyer , reduced one penny the ·duty ,on sugar. .. .Smce I have. advanced to bury her parents. -. . . _ been a_ Member of this House I ,Pave opposed ,all of tqem, :;u;td' _, . ~r. Gove. said that. he call-ed uppn another Filipino,•. a mag- , I ain: going to ·continue to oppose· them, ap._d oi regr~f. exceedingly. nificent SP«?C4:nen of humanity, and he said.to. him: · ~ Wfi~t- -3..¥ th~t the gentleman from- York ~tat.e .[Mr. . PAYNET: (Joes> not· yoU; doj.ng .h,ere? ·~ , ~~]Lam · working tor thi$ planter." , "How ~~·e~ Wit!i :ne that iri-s om~ p1~in _du_cy , to prof~,ct QUr ow:~ peo- ,long hav~ you WOJ;'ked here?" "All my .life."· "How. much, do pie. He- said_ yeSterday_ it was our plain d:'qfy: t.6 protect the th~e people pay y.ou?" "r don't o_know; I .never had a._ny little' brown people over in_qte Ppilippines, wh9, . h~ ~~ys, ~re as mo~ey -in all ,my-life ; .he gives me- all the rice .and sp.gar I want innocen£-and inefficient as 12 ~ year-old children· in tJ:lis -countcy, and all my.,family .wants, -and.I am satisfied. . La~ happy .and Opr plain Q.~ty is first to the America,n. laboring· man and;· ~ the I don't want any more." . His clothing_.. consisted simply of a Ameri~an f~mer, as. J _upder~d it: . I am trying to do what shirt &nd nqthing else.. That ·is the kind of )abor, these people I ' fhi~).r'is my pl:iin duty at ho!Ile. ,, :- · ...... pave ·there to:-day in-the .cane fields of the Philippine -I~an4s, · · Now, let ·me go back for a· ,mip.ut~ to c.Qmpli~e~t . om:- P.re-si- and tb.l;;; bijl proposes tO . bring down. the American labor .to den.t for the position that l:).e takes i'il ~~s letter,of accept:;u;J,ce ·on. that level. Oh, in the naJ;D.e of _. God, do not think of. it for a the· question of the dift'erence between ·American and (oreign minute, gentlemen; do not sl.a,ughter the rights and privileges

labor, maintainini a price tha,t1 will f~sl;I to the . Ameri~n of. your neighbors at home for such .miserable, contemptible laboie.r a fair living. -, . ., . , ·. .. ·rabor as thaU. W~ never want to associate with them. You dp ): have talked, longer. than r ip.tended ~o, but .I will }!Oncfude .not w:ant them in your family.; I do not want them in my family. ·wnat I have to say in a few minu,fes. - They say this is American territory, and the only; claim t~e Several MEMBERS. Go on...... friends. of this. measure are making. for this bill is. that it is Mr. FORDNEY. TJ:le · gentleman ·from . York· Stat~ ·. fMr. An:1-~rican · territo_iY ~d we ~st hem· the little brown fellows. PAYNE] said yesterday that there was- a difference. of .1. cent a That. is a~l. . I , beg ot, you,. gentlemen-.-I .beg of you in the n~me pound on sugar ,coming in from .the P,hilippin~~ •. as: COIDJ}~red .of all ttiatot,S. , re~nable to. come ..forward and carry out ·YO}.lr with tp~ sugar from _other ~quntries~uJ>~ ,~uga1:, ·we will say'7""" pledges as set forth fn. our platforms, and crush out sucl.J of 16 Dutch standard~ I read an artic1e ·from lhe Weekly Stn- m~asures ., as ... this, that. would bring. degradation to ~r~can tistical Sugar Trade. Journal, prepare~ by . Willett~ & .. Gray, of 'labor tP,~ · Ain~e.~;~ ..far:mer, .and_ American caJ}ital . . I thap.k

New York; . ~ated l)eceJ;IIber 28 last: _ ...... 0 you. [Great,1}.pplause.] . . , . . .. · Muscovadoes in New York, $3~12i per hundred pounds; _other sugars.,. M~.. P 4~ .. ·¥I'· . Gha1rma.p, I move that . the COIDllllttee do

$3.62~. . , . . . , . now rise.... ~ • . . "- 0 This shqws that there is~ difference of but one-half .cent i)er The m~twn was agree

exposition at Milan~ italy, from the Committee on Appropria-­ conferred by the Emperor of Russia-to the Committee on For~ tions to the Committee on Industrial Arts and Expositions. eign Affairs, and ordered to be printed. A l~tter from the Secretary of State, requesting that Capt. WITHDRAWAL OF P Al'ER,S. T. Bentley Mott, United States Army, be permitted to accept . By unanimous consent, Mr. FLETCHER was given leave to the decoration of the Order of the Legion of Honor-to the Com­ withdraw from the files of the House, without leaving copies, mittee on Foreign Affairs, and ordered to be printed. papers in the case of Eli Pettijohn, Fifty-eighth Congress, sec­ ond session, no adverse report having been made thereon. By unanimous consent, Mr. MooN of Tennessee was given PUBLIC BILLS, RESOLUTIONS, AND MEMORIALS. leave to withdraw from the files of the House, without leaving Under clause 3 of Rule XXII, bills, resolutions, and memo­ copies, papers in the case of Abraham Clever, Fifty-eighth Con­ rials of the following titles were introduced and severally gress, no adverse report having been made thereon. referred as follows : LEAVE OF ABSENCE. By .Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington: A bill (H. R. 10498) By unanimous consent, leave of absence was granted to Mr. to construct, maintain, and operate a bridge and approaches SHABTEL, for ten days, on account of important business. thereto over and across the Columbia River, at a point at or Mr. PAYNE. Mr. Speaker, I move that the Bouse do now near Wenatchee, in. the county of Chelon, State of Washington­ adjourn. to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. The motion was agreed to. By Mr. CUSHMAN: A bill (H. R. 10499) authorizing the Accordingly (at 5 o'clock p. m.) the House adjourned until accounting officers of the Treasury to readjust the accounts of to-morrow, at 12 o'clock noon. the Pacific Railway and other companies fo~ transportation of enlisted men of the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps since July 1, 1896, and for other purposes-to the Committee on Pacific EXECUTIVE COMMUNICATIONS. Railroads. Under clause 2 of Rule XXIV, the following executive com­ By Mr. ·BURKE of South Dakota: A bill (H. R. 10500) to munications were taken from the ~peaker's table and referred amend an act entitled "An act to provide for the adjudication as follows: and payment of claims arising from Indian depredations," ap­ A letter from the Secretary of War, transmitting, with a let­ proved March 3, 1891-to the Committee on Indian Affairs. ter from the Chief of Engineers, report of examination and sur­ By Mr. SOUTHWICK: A bill (H. R. 10501) to incorporate vey of Ilwaco Harbor, Washington-to the Committee on Rivers the National Educational .Association of the United States-to and Harbors, and ordered to be printed,_with illustrations. the Committee on Education. • . A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a By Mr. STEENERSON: A bill _(H. R. 10502) appropriating copy of a communication from the Secretary of Commerce· and the receipts from the sale of public lands in the State of Min­ Labor submitting an estimate of appropriation for establishing nesota to the construction of drainage works for the reclama­ the Bellevue Range light station-to the Committee on Inter­ tion of swamp and overflowed lands-to the Committee on the state and Foreign Commerce, and ordered to be printed. Public Lands. A letter from the Secretary of the ·Treasury, transmitting a By Mr. KAHN : A bill (H. R. 10503) to provide for the copy of a communication from the Secretary of Comme,rce and erection of fireproof buildings at the Presidio of San Francisco, Labor submitting an estimate of appropriation for light-bouse State of California, to be used as storehouses for military sup­ off Greenville, N. J.-to the Committee on Interstate and For­ plies-to the Committee on Appropriations. eign Commerce, and ordered to be printed. Also, a bill (H. R. 10504) for the erection and equipment of A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a a general hospital on or near the shores of Bristol Bay, Alaska, copy of a communication from the Secretary of \Var submitting and for other purposes-to the Committee on the Territories. an estimate of appropriation for the post cemetery at- Old Camp By Mr. PALMER: A bill (H. R. 10505) to provide a site Floyd, Utah-to the Committee on Appropriations, and Ol'dered and erect a public building at Plymouth, Pa.-to the Committee to be printed. _ · on Public Buildings and Grounds. A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting Also, a bill (H. R. 10506) to provide a site and erect a public report from the accounting officers of the Department as to building at Nanticoke, Pa.-to the Committee on Public Build­ delinquencies in rendering accounts-to the Committee on Ex­ ings and Grounds. penditures in the Treasury Department, and ordered to be Also, a bill (H. R. 10507) to provide a site and erect a public printed. · building in Pittston, Pa.-to the Committee on Public Buildings A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a and Grounds. · list of judgments rendered by the Court of Claims-to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10508) to provide for a site and erect a mittee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. public building at Hazleton, Pa.-to the Committee on Public A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a Buildings and Grounds. copy of a communication from the Secretary of State submitting· By Mr. CURTIS: A bill (H. R. 10509) to authorize the Sec­ an estimate of appropriation for impro\ement of the legation retary of the Interior to lease certain lands for grazing pur­ grounds at Peking, China-to the Committee on Appropriations, poses-to the Committee on the Public Lands. and ordered to be printed. By Mr. ALLEN of Maine: A bill (H. R. 10510) to further pro­ A letter from the Secretary of .the Treasury, transmitting a tect the first day of the week as a day of rest in the District of copy of a communication from the Secretary of Agriculture sub­ Columbia-to the Committee on the District of Columbia. mitting an estimate .of appropriation for continuing the construc­ By Mr. McGIDRE: A bill (H. R. 10511) to provide for an tion of the new building for the Department of Agriculture-to equal division of the lands and moneys of the Osage h·ibe of the Committee on Appropriations, and ordered to be printed. Indians, and for other purposes-to the Committee on Indian A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a Affairs. copy of a communication from the Secretary of War submitting By Mr. KALANIANAOLE: A bill (H. R. 10512) to provide an estimate of appropriation for payment ·of the claim of Felipe for additions to the Light-House Establishment in the Territory Zamora, of Manila, P. I.-to the Committee on Claims, and of Hawaii-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Com- ordered to be printed. ·inerce. · - A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting a Also, a bill (H. R. 10513) to provide for the purchase of a copy of a communication from the Secretary of War snbmitting site and the erection of a public building thereon at Hilo, Island an estimate of appropriation for enlargement of Fort Sill Milf­ of Hawaii, ·Territory of Hawaii-to the Committee on Public tary Reservation-to the Committee on Appropriations, and Buildings and Grounds. ordered to be printed. By Mr. FULLER: A bill (H. R. 10514) for the erection of a A letter from the Secretary of the Treasury, transmitting the public building at Lasalle, Ill.-to the Committee on Public report of the Surgeon-General of the Public Health and Marine­ Buildings and Grounds. Hospital Service-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign By Mr. LEE: A bill (H. R. 10515) to distribute the surplus Commerce, and ordered to be printed. in the Treasury of the United States to the several States, Ter­ A letter from the :Secretary of State, requesting that Brig. Gen. ritories, and the District of Columbia for the sole purpose of J. F. Bell and Capt. Grote Hutcheson be permitted to a~cept improving the roads therein-to - the Committee on the Post­ decorations conferred by the French Government-to the Com­ Office and Post-Roads. mittee on Foreign Affairs, and ordered to be printed. By Mr. GILLETT of California: A bill (H. R. 10516) to A letter from the Secretary of State, requesting that Brig. Gen. amend an act to create the California Debris Commission and Thomas H. Barry, Col. John Van R. Hoff, Lieut. Col. Walter S. regulate hydraulic mining in ·the State of California-to the Schuyler, Maj. Montgomery M. Macomb, and Capts. Carl Reich­ Committee on Mines and Mining. mann and Sydney Cloman be permitt~ to accept decorations; By ·Mr. GARDNER of Massachusetts: A bill (H. R. 10517) 748 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-. HOUSE. JANUARY 5,

to purchase a collection of original essays, designs, drawings, Also, a bill (H. R. 10543) to :refund legacy taxes illegally col­ and die and plate proofs of the revenue ·stamps and private lected from the estate of Josiah A. Wait-to the Committee on proprietary stamps of the United States, known as the Deats Claims. collection-to the Committee on the Library. Also, a bill_ (H. R. 10544) to refund the taxes illegally col­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10518) authorizing the Secretary of the lected from the estate of Cordelia E. Paris-to the Committee Treasury to sell a portion of the sUe of the post-o-ffire site at on Claims. Marblehead, Mass.-to the Committee on Public Buildings and Also, a bill (H. R. 10545) to refund legacy taxes illegally col­ Grounds. lected from the estate of John I. Thompson-to the Committee By Mr. CAPRON: A bi11 (H. R. 10519) to increase the limit on Claims. of eost of public building at Woonsocket, R. I.-to the Commit­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10546) referring to the Court of Claims tee on Public Buildings and Grounds. for adjudication and determination the claims of the widow By Mr. MAHON: A joint resolution (H. J. Res. 64) proposing and family of Marcus P. Norton and the heirs at law of others­ .an amendment to the Constitution to authorize the United States to the Committee on Patents. to regulate .the insurance of the lives .and property of citizens By Mr. DWIGHT: A bill (H. R. 10547) granting a :pension thereof, and for other purpo.ses-to the Committee on the to Jesse A. Hines-to-the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Judiciary. Also, a bill (H. R. 10548) granting an inet·ease of pensi-on to By Mr. GAINES of West Virginia: A resolution (H. Res.124) Chauncy A. Bradley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. that w_ P. Seott be appointed a special employee in the Clerk's Also, a bill (H. R. 10549) to correct the military reeot·d of document room-to the Committee on A~counts. James Orton-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. RAiNEY: A resolution {H. Res.126) for the relief of By Mr. FASSETT: A bill (H~ R. 10550) granting ...an in­ William B. Payne-to the Committee .on War Claims. crease of pension to William F. Snow-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIOJS'S. By 1\fr. FIELD: A bill (H. R. 10551) _granting an increase of pension to Ezeldal Polk-to the Committee on Pensions. Under -clause 1 of-Rule XXll, priv.ate bills and resolutions of Also, a bill ·(H. R. 105'52) granting an increase of pension to the following titles were introduced and severally referred as James Wilkerson-to the Committee on Pensions. follows: By Mr. FLETCHER: A bill (H. R. 10553) for the relief of By Mr. ACHESON: A bill (H. R. 10520) granting an increase EH Pettijohn-to the Committee on Cl-aims. of pension to John H. Henderso-n-to the Committee on Invalid By 1\!r. FOSTER of Vermont: A bill (H. R. 10554) granting Pensions. • a pension to John W. Holcomb-to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. BARTHOLDT: A bill (K R. 10521) granting an in­ Pensions. crease of pension to John F. Cluley-to the Committee on Invalid Also, a bill (H. R. 10555) granting an increase of pension to Pensi-ons. · Willard Farrington-to the Dommittee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. BRADLEY: A bill (H. R.10522) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 10556) granting an increase of pension to of pension to Charles H. Everitt-to the Committee on Invalid Marcus Haskins-to the Committee -on Invalid Pensions. Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10557) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10523) granting -an increase of pension to Nathan Dodge-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Elizabeth Gorton-to the ·Committ-ee ~n Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10058) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill, (H. R. 10524) granting an increase of pension to Edgar W. Gage-to the Commitree on Invalid Pensions. Ebenezer W. Akerley-to the Omnmittee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10559) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10525) ·granting an inerease of pension to C. W. Searl-es-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Artemas D. Many-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10560) referring to the Oourt .of Claims for By Mr.' BURKE of South Dakota: A bill (H. R. 10526) grant­ adjudication and determination the claims of E. W. Jewett and ing an .increase of pension to Mortim-er F. Root-to the Commit­ others-to the Committ-ee on -Glaims. tee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. FULLER: A bill (H. R. 10561) g1·anting an increase By Mr. BUTLER -of Pennsyba:nia: A bill (H. R. '1()527) for of pension 'to Joseph N. Piersell-to the Committee on Invalid the l"elief ,of Pay Director E . .B. Rogers, United States Navy­ Pensions. to the Committee on ·Claims. By Mr. GARNER: .A bill {H. R. 10562) granting a pension to By .Mr. BURTON of Delaware: A bill (H. R. 10528) to Alpheuis 'M. Beall-to the (Jommittee on Pensions. ·rectify the _status -of Union war officers on the retired list of the By Mr. GILBERT of Indiana: A bill (H. R. 10563) granting Navy and Marine Corps-to the Committee on Naval .Affairs. an increase of pension to Joseph D. -Cummins-to the -committee By .Mr. OA.MPBELL -of Kansas: A bill {H. R. 10529} for the -on Invalid Pensions. relief of James Anderson-to the C,omm.itt~ illl ~iilitary Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 10504) -granting an increase of pension to By Mr. CASSEL: A bill (H. R. 10530) :granting an increase Levi N. Bodley-to the Committee on Invalid P-ensions. of pension to Matthew S . .Campbell--to the Committee on Also, a bill {H. R. 105-65) granting an increase of pension to Invalid Pensions. George I. Wa1ters-to the Committee on Invali-d Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10531) granting an increase -of pension to Also, a bill {H. R. 10566) granting an increase of pension to .William G. Binkley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. James W. Hullinger-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a biB (H. R. 10532) granting an inc:rease of pensi-on to Also, a bin (H. R. 10567) granting an increase of pension to 1William Filby-to the Committee on Invalid Pensi-ons. .Tames H-askell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. CHANEY: .A !bill (H. R.l.0533) granting .a pension to Also, a bill {H. R. 1.0568) granting -an increase of pension to Martha .J. Pruitt-to the -committee on Invalid Pensions. Robert Simpson-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10534) granting a pension to H~rrison By Mr. OILBERT of Kentucky: A bill (H. R. 10569) grant­ Browning-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ing an inerease of -pension to James Duggins-to the Committee By Mr: CLARK <>f Florida; A bill {H. It. 10535) ;gr.:mting an on Invalid Pensions. increase of pension to James E. Harrison-to the Committee l}ll Also, a 'bill {H. R. 10570) granting an increase of pension to Pensions. A.M. Webber-to the Oo-mmittee -on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DAWSON: A bill (H. R. 10536) for the relief -of Also, a bill (H. R. 10571) granting an increase of pension to Hans ltL .Anderson-to the Committee .on Claims. ..Jesse Woods-to the Committee on l.nvatid Pen-sions. Also, -a bill (H. R. 10537 ~ granting an increa:re of -pensi-on to Also, a bill {H. R. 10572) granting an increase of pension to ,John G. Blessing-to the Committee on Invalid 'Pensions. Mary A. Hackley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. DRAPER: A bill (H. R. 10539) to refund the taxes Also, -a bill {H. R. 10573) granting a penswn to .Afaria Baugh­ illegally collected from the es.tate of Charles A. Brown-to the man-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Committee -on Claims. 'By Mr. GOULDEN: A bill (H. R. 10574) granting a pension Also, a bill (H. R. 10539) to refund the taxes illegally -co-1- to Edward W. Hoban-to the Committee on Pensions. Jected fram the .-estate <>f Amelia Morrison-to the Committee on Also, a bill (H. R. 10575) ·granting an increase of pension to Ciaims. Margaret F. Tyson-to the Committee -on Invalid .Pensions. Aiso, .a bill (H. R. 1.0540) to refund the taxes i-llegally -col­ By Mr. GREGG: A bill (H. R. 10576) to refund legac_y taxes lected from the estate o-f Harri-ett Thompson-to the Committee illegally c~neeted from the estate of George A. Nickerson~to on Claims. · the Committee on Clalms. .Also, a .bill (H. R. 10541_) to refund taxes illegally -collected Also, a bill (H. R. 10577) to refund l-egacy i:."lXes illegally col­ from the -estate of Mary P.eekham-to the -Committee on Claims. ~ted 'from the estate of Isabella Kopperl-to the Committee on Aiso, a bill {H. .R. 10542) to refund the taxes illegally col­ Claims. lected from the estate of William McKie-to the ·Committee on By Mr. GUDGER-: A ·bill {H. R. i:U57S) granting a pensi-on to Claims. . William McCall and others-to the Committee on Pensions. 1906. CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. 749

Also, a bill (H. R. 10579) granting a pension to R. B. Justice Also, a bill (B. R. 10616) granting an increase of pension to and Andrew G. Williams-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Bridget Bearn-to the Committee on Pensions. , By Mr. HITT: A bill (H. R. 10580) granting an increase of By Mr. RHODES: A bill (H. R. 10017) for the relief of pension to Samuel Fish-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. James N. Bowles-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10581) to amend the military record of Also, a bill (H. R. 10618) granting an increase of pension to Joseph S. Hurst-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Henry J. Rhodes-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. HUMPHREY of Washington: A bill (H. R. 10582) By Mr. RYAN: A bill (H. R. 10619) authorizing Maj. Thomas granting an increase of pension to Oscar B. Caswell-to the W. Symons to accept the decoration of the Order of the Double Committee on Invalid Pensions. Dragon, conferred by the Emperor of China-to the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 10583) granting a pension to -Elisha on Foreign Affairs. Painter-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. - Also, a bill (H. R. 10620) granting an increase of pension to By .Mr. KNOWLAND: A bill (B. R. 10584) for the relief of Edward Varley-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. F. H. Driscoll-to the Committee on Claims. By Mr. SCHNEE:HELI: A bill (B. R. 10621) granting an in­ By Mr. LACEY: A bill (H. R. 10585) granting a pension to crease of pension to Marshall Howell-to the Committee on John W. Terry-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Invalid Pensions. _ Also, a bill (H. R. 10586) to amend the military record of By Mr. SLEMP: A bill (H. R. 10G22) granting an increase of John W. Terry-to the Committee on Military Affairs. pension to J. H. Ward-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. LAMB: A bill (B. R. 10587) granting an increase of Also, a bill (H. R. 10623) granting an increase of pension to pension to James M. Ellett-to the Committee on Pensions. Joseph L. Bostwick-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10588) for the relief of John Parker, a Also, a bill (H. R. 10024) granting a pension to Elizabeth B. sailor in the Navy of the United States before and during the Preston-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Mexican war-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 10625) granting a pension to John M. Also, a bill (H. R. 10589) for the relief of James H. Oliver, a Hyden-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. . . commander on the retired list of the United States Navy-to By Mr. SMITH. of Illinois: A bill (H. R. 10026) granting a the Committee on Naval Affairs. pension to Mary Ann Getting-to the Committee on Invalid By Mr. LEE: A bill (B. R. 10590) for the relief of C. J. Pensions. Shelverton-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. TAWNEY: A bill (H. R. 10627) granting an increase By Mr. LILLEY of PennsylvanJ_a: A bill (H. R. 10591) grant­ of pension to Lewis L. Bingham-to the Committee on Invalid ing an increase of pension to Mable E. Scott-to the Committee Pensions. on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. TOWNSEND: _A bill (H. R. 10628) granting a pen­ By Mr. LIVINGSTON: A bill (B. R. 10592) for the relief sion to Lucetta Brown-to the Committee on Pensions. of William Sheppard-to the Committee -on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10629) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10593) for the relief of the heirs of James Frank Picard-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Freeman-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10630) granting an increase of pension to By Mr. LOUD: A bill (H. R. 10594) granting an increase of Amon R. Stevens-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. pension to James Martin-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. TYNDALL : A bill (H. R. 10631) granting a pension By Mr. McCARTHY: A bill (H. R. 10595) for the relief of to Nancy Walker-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Nye & Schneider Company-to the Committee on Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10632) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10596) granting an increase of pension to Samuel Preston-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. William Mills-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. Ul\TDERWOOD: A bill (H. R. 10633) for the relie:t Also, a bill (H. R. 10597) granting an increase of pension to of the estate of Jaeob B. Russell, deceased-to the Col11Jllittee Oscar F. Brown-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. on War Claims. _ Also, a bill (H. R. 10598) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10634) for the relief of the legal repre· Robert W. Mills-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. sentatives of the estate of A. C. Barton, deceased-to the Com­ By Mr. McCREARY of Pennsylvania: A bill (H. R. 10599) mittee on War Claims. ·grantitig an increase of pension to Henry Porter-to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R: 10635) for the relie:t of the legal repre­ mittee on Invalid Pensions. sentatives of Henry C. Sills, deceased-to the Committee on By Mr. McKINLEY of Illinois: A bill (B., R. 10600) for War Claims. the relief of Francis M. Watrous-to the Committee on Military By Mr. WEEMS: A bill (H. R. 10636) for tbe relief of John Affairs. H. Willis-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. McKINNEY: A bill (H. R. 10001) for the relief of Also, a bill (H. R. 10637) granting an increase of pension to Charles H. Stevenson-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Levi .J. Shipman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. MAHON: A bill (H. R. 10602) granting a pension to By Mr. WILLIAMS: -A bill (H. R. 10638) for the relief of Henry S. Rider-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Martha S. Carmichael-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10603) for the relief of Mary E.- Brother­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10639) for the relief of tbe estate of ton-to the Committee on War Claims. R. T. Brown, deceased, late of Warren County, Miss.-to the By Mr. MONDELL: A bill (H. R. 10604) granting an in­ Committee on War Claims. crease of pension to Martin L. Holcomb-to the Committee on Also, a b1ll (H. R. 10640) for the relief of Abner P. Bush, of Invalid Pensions. Hinds County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (~. R. 10605) for the relief of Edward F. Stahl­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10641) for the relief of the estate of W. T. to the Committee on Claims. Collins, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10606) for the relief of James I. Patten­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10642) for the relief of the estnte of to the Committee on Claims. Wesley Crisler, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. MOUSER: A bill (H. R. 10607) granting a pension Also, a bill \H. R. 10643) for the relief of the estate of Dr. to James W. Eastman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. J. P. Davis, deceased, late of Yazoo County, Miss.-to the Com­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10608) granting a pension to Mary A. Har­ mittee on War Claims. rison-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10644) for the relief of Mrs. M. M. Cham­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10609) granting ;rn increase of pension to pion-to the Committee on War Claims. Charles E. Chapman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _Also, a bill (H. R. 10645) for the relief of the estate of By Mr. OVERSTREET: A bill (H. R. 10610) for the relief George M. Coker, deceased-to the Committee on War Claims. of James N. Robinson and Sallie B. McComb-to the Committee Also, a bill (H. R. 10646) for the relief of the estate of J. J. on War Claims. Galtney, deceased, late of Yazoo County, Miss.-to the Commit­ By Mr. PADGETT: A bill (H. R. 10611) granting a pension tee on War Claims. - to John J. Brewer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10647) for the relief of the estate of Jane By Mr. PUJO: A bill (H. R. 10612) for the relief of Frank J. N. Gibson, deceased, late of Warren County, Miss.-to the Com- D'Avy-to the Committee on Claims. mittee on War Claims. · - By Mr. RAINEY : A bill (H. R. 10613) granting an increase Also, a bill (H. R. 10648) for the relief of Mrs. Virginia of pension to William Larraby-to the Committee on Invalid Grant, of Warren County, Miss.-to the Committee on wa:v · Pensions. · Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10614) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10649) for the relief of J. B. Hall, de­ Henry P. Levis-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. ceased-to the Committee on· War Claims. By Mr. RHINOCK : A bill (H. R. 10615) to correct the mili­ Also, a bill (H. R. 10650) for the relief of Jan;tes K. Hamb­ tary record of Joseph Strobel-to the Committee on Military len, of Madison County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Affairs. ~~ ' 750 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE. JANUARY 5,

Also, a bill (H. R. 10651) for the relief ot Frank Harris, of By Mr. WOODYARD: A bill (H. R. 10685) for the relief or Warren County, Miss.-to the Committee on War Claims. Hiram Stewart-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, a bill (H. R. 10652) for the relief of the heirs of blrs. Also, a biU (H. R. 10686) granting an increase of pension to H. C. Henderson, deceased, late of Warren County, Miss.-to George W. Adams-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10687) granting an increase of pension to Also, a bill (H. R. 10653) for the relief of the estate of R. H. Charles P. Leavitt-to the· Committee on Invalid Pensions. Hoffman-to the Committee on War Claims. Also, a bill (H. R. 10654) for the relief of Mattie J. and W. P. Horn, heirs of Preston A. Horn-to the Committee on War CHANGE OF REFERENCE. Claims. Under clause 2 of Rule XXII, committees were discharged Also, a bill (H. R. 10655) for the relief of Robert M. Lay, from the consideration of bills of the following titles ; which administrator of Nancy Lay, deceased-to the Committee on were thereupon referred as follows : . War Claims. . A bill (H. R. 9296) granting an increase of pension to Eliza· Also, a bill (H. R. 10656) for the relief of the estate of beth D. Hoppin-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, Tillman Loggins-to the Committee on War Claims. and referred to the Committee on Pensions. Also, a bill (H. R. 10657) for the relief of John L. McClen­ A bill (H. R. 4607) to restore to the pension roll the name of don-to the Committee on War Claims. Annie Gaebel-Committee on Invalid Pensions discharged, an

Also, petition of the-Kleber Brothers Company, for removal of By 1\Ir. · GARNER~ Paper to accompany bill for relief of the ta.x on domestic alcohol-to the Committee on Ways and Floyd L. Frisbie-to the Committee on Pensions. Means. By ;Mr. GOULDEN: Petition of the Central Federated Union Also, petition of the Reformed Presbyterian Church and the of New York City, against bill H. R. 3-to the Committee on superintendent of the First Presbyterian Sunday ~chool, of Ways and Means. Wilkinsburg, Pa., for a constitutional amendment abolishing By Mr. GRAFF: Petition of citizens of Peoria, Ill., favoring polygamy-to the Committee on the Judiciary. restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Immigration Also, petition of the Pennsylvania :Tobacco Growers' Associa­ and Naturalization. tion, of Lancaster, Pa., and the Rice Association of America, By Mr. GUDGER: An affidavit by J. H. Gagle, a recruiting against passage of the Philippine tariff bill-to the Committee officer of tl:).e_ civil war, affirming that William McCall et al.· on Ways and .Means. · - · were his recruits, and affidavits by McCall et al. attesting same Also, petition of Titus Lodge. No. 207, Knights of Pythias,. facts-to the Committee on Pensions. ' of McKeesport, Pa., and Saratoga Council, Junior Order United Also, petition of R. B. Justice and Andrew G. Williams, of Am€rican Mechanics, of Pittsburg, Pa., against religious legis­ Asheville · and Jrletcher, N. C., for special legislation placing lation in the District of Columbia-to the Committee ·on Im- them on the pension roll-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. migration and Naturalization. · By Mr.-HASKINS : Petition of the Percival Furniture Com­ By - Mr. DEEMER : Petition of Citizens of Arnot, Tioga pany, the Carpenter Company, and the Estey Organ Company, County, Pa., and Arnot Lodge, No. ·465, Knights of Pythias. of Brattleboro, Vt., and the Salisbury Brothers Furniture Com­ favoring restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Im­ pany, of Rand-olph, Vt., for removal of the ta:x from domestie migration and Naturalization. alcohol unfit for a beverage-to the Coinmittee on Ways and Also, petitions of. Stony Fork Grange, No. 1033, Patrons of Means. Husbandry; Riverside Grange, of McElhattan, Pa., and the By Mr. HINSHAW : Paper to ac-company bill for relief of legislative committee of Patrons of Husbandry, Grange No. Horace W. Young-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. 1203, of Harrison, Pa., to strike out word " knowingly " in the By :Mr. HOUSTON: Paper to accompany bill for relief of oleomargarine bill-to the Committee on Agriculture. Henry Stephens-to the Committee on War Claims. By Mr. DRAPER : Petition of the Chamber of Commerce of Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of William Clark-to New York State, favoring creation of a Federal judicial court in the Committee on War Claims. · the Orient-=-to the Cominittee on Foreign Affairs. By Mr. HOWELL of New Jersey: Petition of Western Star Also, petition of the American Bar Association and othci CouncUt No: 142, Junior Order United American Mechanics, of associations, against repeal of the present b3,nkrupt law-to the Baltimore, Md., and Rock Hall Council, No. 149, Junior Qrder Conim.ittee on the Judiciary. · United American Mechanics, of Rockhall, Md.. favoring re­ Also, petition of the Chamber of Commerce of Pittsburg, _Pa., striction of immigration-to the Com.niittee on Immigration and favoring treaties of reciprocity with certain foreign countries- Naturalization.· · · to the Committee on Ways and ·Means. - Also, petition of the General Synod of the Reformed, Church - Also, petition of the International Reform Brlreau; for certain in Amerieat. expressing alarm at growth of Mormonism-to the conservati.-e enactments in defense of law and temperance-to Committee on the Judiciary. the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. • Also, petition of the Merchants' Protective Association of Also, petition of the Eastern Oklahoma Miners" Association, Hudson County, N.J., urging a new post-office-for ·Jersey Qity­ against grant of mineral lands to Oklahoma-to the Committee to the Committee on Public Buildings and Grounds. on the Territories. Also, petitions of citizens of.Palmyra and Mount Holly, N. J.; Also, petition of Woman's Club of Staten Island, against com­ Monmouth Council, No. 25, -Junior Order United American Me­ mercial spoliation of Niagara Falls-to . the Committee on chanics, of Freehold N. J.; W~shington Camp, No. 7, Patriotic. Rivers and Harbors. Order· Sons of America, of Trenton, N. J .. ; Fieldsboro Council, Also, petition of the Woman's Christian Temperance Union No. 52, Junior Order United American Mechanics, of Borden­ of Fort Edwards1 N. Y., against sale of liquor in all Govern­ to~, N. J., and Washington Camp, No. 23, Patriotic Order Sons ment buildings-to the Committee on Alcoholic Liquor Traffic. of Americat of Palmyra, N. J., favoring restriction of immigra­ Also, petition of the Presbytery of Argyle United Presbyterian tion-to the Committee on Im.mig1·ation and Naturalization. Church, against polygamy-to the Committee on the Judiciary. Also, petition of citizens 6t New Jersey; Washington Camp, Also, petition of the Woman's Missionary Soci~ty of Argyle, No. 14, of Trenton, N. J., and Victor Camp, No. 179, of Basking­ N. Y., against seating of REED SMOOT-to the Committ~ on the ridge, N~ J., Patriotic Order Sons of America, favoring re­ Judiciary. . striction of immigration-to the Committee on Immigration and Also, petition of the Robert B. ReilJy Company, of :New York Naturalization. , City, against a tariff on tea-to the Committee on Ways and By Mr. HUNT : Petition of the Baxter Molding Company, for Means. free denaturized alcohol-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also petition of the General Synod of the Reformed Church By Mr. JENKINS:_ Petition ot 13 citizens of Hillsdale, Wis., in America, against the spread of 1\.Iormonism-to the Commit­ against removal ·of the duty on sugar from the Philippine tee on the Judiciary. Islands-to the Committee on Ways and Means. Also, petition of 60,000 Americans in Alaska, for representa­ By lli. KETCHAM: Petition of Major Weston Council, No. tion, etc., in the American Congress-to the Committee on the 129, of Fishkill, N. Y., favoring restriction of immigration-to Territories. - · · the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. Also, petition of the Phoenix and Maricopa County Board of By Mr. KLINE: Petition of Indianola Tribe, No. 384, Im­ Trade, against joint statehood-to the Committee on the Ter­ proved Order of Red Men, and citizens of Birdsboro, Pa., favor­ ritories. ing restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Immigra­ By Mr. DWIGHT: Petition of Harford Grange, No. 500, of tion and Naturalization. Hurford, N. Y., against tax on denatuJ;ized alcohol-to the Com­ By Mr. LACEY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of John mittee on Ways and Means. W. Terry-to the Committee on Military Affairs. By Mr. FASSE'l'T: Petition of Washington Camp, No. 17, of By Mr. LAFEAN: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Ida Elmira, N. Y., favoring restriction of immigration-to the Com­ L. and Clara H. Winters-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. mittee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. LEVER: Paper to accompany bill (H. R. 8122) for a By Mr. FIELD : Paper to accompany bill for relief of James public building at Sumter, S. C.-to the Committee on Public Wilkinson-to the Committee. on Pensions. Buildings and Grounds. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Ezekfel Polk-to By Mr. LILLEY: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Mabel the Committee on Pensions. E. Scott-to the COmmittee on Invalid Pensions. · By Mr. FITZGERALD: Petition of the sixteenth annual ses­ By Mr. LINDSAY: Petition of Cigar Makers' "International sion of the Trans-Mississippi Commercial Congress, urging im­ Union of America, No. 132, of Brooklyn, N. Y., and the Central provement of the Gulf of Mexico and Pacific coast harbors-to Federated Union of New York, against bill H. R. 3-to the Com­ the Committee on Rivers and Harbors. mittee on Ways and Means. By Mr. FOSS: Petition of citizens of Illinois, favoring re­ Also, petition of the Woman's Club of Staten Island, again.st striction of immigration-to the Committee on Immigration and commercial spoliation of Niagara Falls-to the Committee on Naturalization. RiveTs and Harbors. By Mr. FULLER : Paper to accompany bill for . relief of By Mr. LIVINGSTON: Paper to accompany bill for relief James N. Piersell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. of T. J~ Sheppard, of Dekalb County, Ga.-to the Committee Also, petition of Cigar Makers' Union No. 157, of Rockford, on War Claims. ·Ill., against a reduction of the duty on cigars from 'the Philip­ Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of James Free~n­ pines-to the Committee on Ways and Means. to the Committee on War Claims. 752 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD-HOUSE .. - JANUARY 6,

By Mr. LOUD : Paper to accompany bill for relief of James Also, resolution .of a mass meeting at Clifton, Ariz., against Martin-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. joint statehood-to the Committee on the Territories. By Mr. MACON: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Lewis L. Bing­ Thomas B. Davis-to the Committee on Pensions. ham-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Sarah A. Bousb­ By Mr. TOWNSEND: Petition of Beers Post, No. 140, Grand to the Committee on Pensions. Army of the Republic, of Tecumseh, Mich., for an amendment to Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Henry S. Rider­ the pension laws-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. _ to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. W .ADSWORTH: Petition of the Woman's- Christian By Mr. MOON of Tennessee: Paper to accompany bill for Temperance Union of Kendall, N. Y., against the Army can· relief of W. H. Bean-to the Committee on Claims. teen-to the Committee on Military Affairs. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of A. Joyeux-to the Also, petition of Cigar Makers' Union No. 142, of Lockport, Committee on Invalid Pensions. N. Y., against proposed Philippine tariff law-to the Committee Also, paper t() accompany bill for relief of James F. Camp­ on Ways and Means. bell-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. By Mr. WANGER: Petition of Charles F. Durner, of Quaker­ Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of McKenny Adams­ town, Pa., for passage of bill H. R. 7079, for free alcohol in the to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. arts_..:._to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. NORRIS: Petition of citizens -of Nebraska, against Also, petition of Colonel Edwin Schall Camp, No. 92, Sons of religious legislation in the District of Columbia-to the Commit­ Veterans, of Lansdale, Pa., favoring restriction of inunigra· tee on the District of Columbia tion-to the Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. PADGETT: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Also, petition of .Milton F. Brooke and others, of Lansdale, John L. Brewer-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Pa., favoring restriction of immigration-to the Committee on By Mr. RHINOCK: Paper to accompany bill for relief of Immigration and Naturalization. Bridget Hearn-to the Committee on Pensions. By Mr. WEEMS: Petition of citizens and Fremont Council, By Mr. RICHARDSON of Alabama: Paper to accompany bill No. 14, of Beallsville, Ohio; citizens of Barton, Ohio, and Perfect for relief of Zachariah Parker-to. the Committee on War Claims. Lodge, No. 737, Knights of Pythias, of Barton, Ohio, favoring By Mr. RIXEY: Resolution calling upon the Secretary of restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Immigration the Navy for information as to conditions at the Naval Acad­ and Naturalization; emy-to the Committee on Naval Atl:'airs. By Mr. WOODYARD: Petition of citizens of West Virginia; By Mr. RYAN: Petitions of citizens of Buffalo, N. Y.; Local Glenville Council, No. 50, and Freed Council, No. 105, Junior Union No. 43, Painters, Decorators, and Paper Hangera, of Order United American Mechanics, of West Virginia, favoring Bu1ralo; Wood Finishers' Union No. 515, and Onondaga Tribe of restriction of immigration-to the Committee on Immigration Red Men, No. 250, favoring restriction of immigration-to the and Naturalization. Committee on Immigration and Naturalization. By Mr. SCOTT: Petition of 1,200 members of the National Military Home, . Kans., for a law for payment of commutation HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES. and rations to members of the several military Homes when SATURDAY, January 6,1906. out on furlough-to the Committee on Military ..A.ffairs. By Mr. SHACKLEFORD: Petition of John S. Beveridge and 'I'be House met at 12 o'clock noon. 100 others, for creation of a retired list for generals of the Prayer by the Chaplain, Rev. HENRY N. CounEN, D. D. .Volunteer Army-to the Committee on Military Affairs. The Journal of yesterday's proceedings was read and ap­ By Mr. SMITH of Kentucky: Paper to accompany bill (H. R. proved. 6571) for relief of Elizabeth Morris-to the Committee on REPORT OF SPECIAL IMMIGRANT INSPECTOR MARCUS BRAUN. Invalid Pensions. Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, I move to discharge the Commit· Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 6544) for relief of Buford tee on Immigration and Naturalization from the further consid­ P. Moss-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. eration of the following privileged resolution, which I send to Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 6720) for relief of Emma the Clerk's desk, and ask for its adoption. P. Sykes-to the Committee on War Claims. The Clerk read as follows : Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 6547) for relief of Vir­ Resolution No. 76. ginia Bryant-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Resolved, That the Secretary o! the Department o! Commerce and Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 6596) for relief of Alex Labor be, and he is hereby, respectfully requested, it not incompatible 0. Huffman-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. with the public interests, to send to the House o! RepresentatiTes, at his earliest convenience, the reports, or copies o! the same, heretofore Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. G601) for relief of James made to said Department o! Commerce and Labor by Special Immigrant Drewry-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. Inspector Marcus Braun and dated on or about August -, 1904; June Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 6G13) for relief of -, 1905, and July-, 1905. Thomas J. Stevens-to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. MANN. Mr. Speaker; is that a privileged motion? Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 10026) for relief of Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, the resolution is now privileged. Mary F. Matherly-to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. It was introduced by me on the 13th of December last, and the Also, paper to accompany bill (H. R. 6674) for relief of the committee bas not acted upon it. So it is now privileged under First Presbyterian Church of Lebanon, Ky.-to the Committee the rule. on War Claims. Mr. MANN. I have no objection to the resolution; but I Also, paper t() accompany bill (H. R. 6765) for relief of make the point of order that it is not privileged. estate of Thomas Heyser-to the Committee on War Claims. The SPEAKER. It occurs to the Chair, after bearing the By Mr. WM. ALDEN SMITH : Petition of the Board of Trade resolution read, that the motion is privileged. of Grand Rapids, Mich., commending appropriation for new Mr. MANN. It is not a resolution of inquiry. Government building in Grand Rapids, Mich.-to the Committee Mr. SULZER. Mr. Speaker, it is a resolution of inquiry. It on Public Buildings and Grounds. inquires for reports by way of information. This information Also, petition of the Board of Trade of Grand Rapids, Mich., is very desirable. There should be no objection. favoring special agents for the promotion of American industry Mr. MANN. It is a resolution directing the sending in of a abroad-to the Committee on Interstate and Foreign Commerce. report. I have no objection to the consideration of the resolu· Also, petition of citizens and the Board of Trade of Smyrna, tion, but it does not seem to me that it is a resolution of inquiry. Mich., favoring restriction of immigration-to the Committee on If that practice should prevail the House might require the Immigration and Naturalization. sending in of all kinds of reports to be printed. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Cornelius De Tbe SPEAKER. It occurs to the Chair that it is in the sub­ Haas-to the Committee on Naval Affairs. stance of a respectful request that amounts to an inquiry. Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Charles M. Bowen­ Sometimes the House directs; but this is a request that, if n·ot to the Committee on Invalid Pensions. incompatible with the public interests, he send to the House of Also, paper to accompany bill for relief of Margaret Emmons­ Representatives at his earliest convenience, etc. to the Committee on Pensions. Mr. SULZER. Mr~ Speaker, Jet me say to the gentleman By :Mr. SULZER: Petition of the Woman's Christian Tem­ from Illinois that I am informed the Secretary of the Depart­ perance Union of Reeds Corners, N. Y., against restoration of ment of Commerce and Labor has no objection to the resolution. tbe Army canteen-to the Committee on Military Mairs. The immigration question is a pertinent matter, and will come By Mr. TAWNEY: Petition of citizens of Arizona, against before Congress ere long for discussion. We should have these joint statehood-to the Committee on the Territories. reports of Mr. Braun. I am told they contain niucb valuable A-lso, petitiop of the mayor and city council of Tucson, Ariz., data and information on this important question. The people against joint statehood-to the Committee on the Territories. should know their contents.