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Geochemistry

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Editor

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J and Table of Contents

News from the Association

Message from the Editor 1

Renewal of Memberships in 2002 1

News from the Solar System Mission to Pluto 2 A Primer on Pluto 2 Successful Odyssey 2 Fate of the Pioneers 3

Working Groups of the IAGC in 2002 Working Group on the Geochemistry of the Earth’s Surface (GES-6) International Ingerson Lecture - Blair F. Jones, GES-6, Honolulu Working Group on Meteortics and Cosmochemistry Working Groups on Global Geochemical Baselines Working Group on Geochemistry and Disease Working Group on Applied Isotope Geochemistry (AIG-5) Medical Geochemistry of Arsenic

Conhing Ivents . . . * . . . * . * . . * . . . . . * . . . * ...... * * * . * . 6

New Books in Print . . . . * ...... 8

Sixth International Symposium on Environmental Geochemistry .... 9

Century-Old Diamond Hoax Re-examined by Henry Faul .. 10 cEfficers of the I.C * . . * . * . * . * . * ...... 12

ouncillors ...... * * * ...... * . . . * . . . . 13

4..dvertisenient, Rock ‘Vare ...... • ...... * .14

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APPLIED Barry

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Medical Geochemistry of Arsenic

Thousands of people in Guizhou Province of China display the effects of arsenic poisoning with Coming Events symptoms that range widely from freckled skin to squamous cell carcinoma. The source of the arsenic April 29 - May 1, 2002. Third International is the coal which is being burned in order to dry corn, Conference on Applications of Stable Isotope chili peppers, and other crops. Many houses in which Techniques to Ecological Studies, Flagstaff, coal ovens are in use have no chimneys causing the Arizona, USA. Contact: Dr. Joseph Shannon, arsenic to accumulate indoors. NorthernArizona University, Dept. ofBiological Sciences, P.O. Box 3040, Beaver St., Building The arsenic concentration of the coal in Guizhou 21, Flagstaff, AZ. Phone: +1-928-523-1740; Province ranges up to 35,000 ppm compared to only Fax: + 1-928-523-7500, e-mail: . poor ventilation, the arsenic concentration of chili peppers increases from about 1.0ppm in freshpeppers May 8, 2002. th100 Anniversary of the Eruption of to more than 500 ppm after drying over coal-burning Mt. Pelee, International Association of stoves. Volcanology and Chemistry of the Earth’s Interior (IAVCEI) workshop, Martinique. The regional distribution of arsenic in the coal . deposits is being mapped by geologists and geochemists of the U.S. Geological Survey and by May 28 - June 1, 2002. AGU Spring Meeting, their Chinese colleagues. The objective of the joint Washington, DC, USA. or e-mail: . solutions. To this end Robert B. Finkelman (Chair of our Working Group on the Geochemistry of Disease) June 8-13, 2002. 39th Annual Meeting of the Clay and Harvey F. Belkin are working with Dan Kroll of Mineral Society. University of Boulder, CO. the Hach Company who has developed a field tct for Contact: Dr. Kathryn Nagy, Tel. 303-492-6137, arsenic in coal. e-mail: .

The test kits are being sent to Bangladesh where July 14-17, 2002. Fifth International Conference the drinkingwater used by millions ofpeople contains on arsenic exposure and health effects, San high poncentrations of arsenic. If these test kits are Diego, California, USA. Society for Environ found to be effective, Finkelman and Belkin hope to mental Geochemistry and Health. . people of Guizhou Province free of charge. The availability of accurate geochemical maps combined July 21-15, 2002. 9th International Platinum with the test kits will enable the people to avoid Symposium, Holiday Inn - Grand Montana, mining and burning arsenic-rich coal and will reduce Billings, MT, USA. By the IGCP 427/SEG/ the severity of arsenic poisoning. SGA. Contact: Roger Cooper, Dept. of Geology, Lamar University, P.O. Box 10031, Beaumont, Simpson, S., 2002. Coal control: tackling the healthS TX 77710, USA; Phone: +1-409-880-8239; dangers of China’s “dirty” coal. Scientific e-mail: - , American, 161:20-21. .

Aug.

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Nov. 2-5, 2003. Annual Meeting GSA, Seattle, Ehien, 3. and R.S. Harmon*, eds., 2001. The Washington. . Geol. Soc. Amer., Reviews in Engineering Geology, 14. ISBN 0-8137-41149-9. Dec. 8-12, 2003. AGU Fall Meeting, San Francisco, California, USA. . Ferris, T., 2001. Life beyond Earth. Simon and Schuster, 222 p., $40.00. Aug. 20-28, 2004. 32m1International Geological *Koeberl, Congress, Florence, Italy. Web address: C. and K.G. MacLeod, eds., 2002: . Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: impacts and beyond. Geol. Soc. Amer., Special Papers, 356 (in preparation). F Twelfth Annual V. M. Goldschmidt Leverington, D., 2000. New cosmic horizons: space Conference, August 18 to 23, 2002. Davos, astronomy from V2 to the Hubble Space Switzerland. Contact: [email protected] Telescope. Cambridge Un. Press, $85.00. and at http://www.goldsclmiidt-conference.eom/gold 2002.

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UK 9 10

Century-OldDiamond Hoax mastemiinded the outfitting of a Confederateprivateer Re-examined in San Francisco harbor, right under the noses of the authorities. He was caught and got 10 years for treason but was released under a general amnesty. by Henry Faul’ Then he beat it into the hills to try his hand at mining. He did it well, returned to San Francisco, andbecame Pioneer of geochronometry,the history of the Earth, prominent in the investment business. It may be and of many other topics. equally fairto say that he always remained a pirate.

Reprint permission courtesy of The American The prospectors were also from western Geological Institute Kentucky andHarpending knew them well. They had worked for him from time to time and so it wasn’t In the fall of 1871, as Asbury Harpending tells long before the whole company took the train to New the story, 2 grizzledprospectors appeared at the Bank York to hire a lawyer, consummate an agreement, and of Californiain SanFrancisco, carrying a little leather to launch the stock promotion. The bag of diamonds pouch and asking to have it put in the vault for went with them. safekeeping. The tellerwasn’t impressed, but the men insisted. After a lot of roundabout talk they let him The lawyers thoughtfully arranged a public peek into the bag and by that time they had dropped appraisal of the diamonds by Charles L. Tiffany in the enough hints for him to have no trouble noticing that presence of distinguished witnesses. Tiffany was the the bag was full of raw diamonds. That made a biggest name injewelry, but his success wasbased on difference! The prospectors gave their names as his talent for business and his perception of the taste Philip Arnold and John B. Slack, he gave them a of his public. Technical details he left to others. receipt, and they were gone. When he was ceremoniously handed the little bag of diamonds, he acted his part with conviction and After some weeks, the prospectors let the bank correctly declared the stones genuine even though find them. Where did they get the diamonds? They chances are that it was the first time in his life he had had a mine. Where was the mine? They wouldn’t held raw diamondsin his hand. Wisely, he postponed say. Would they sell a few shares in the mine? evaluation untIl he had conferred with his technical WelL., perhaps. Would they let the mine be appraised staff, but 2 days later he issued a statement appraising by a geologist? Not until their rights were protected. the lot at $150,000. That’s how it went, over and over again, but the diamonds were there sure enough. All the while the location of the diamond field was a secret presumably known only to Arnold and The money men were not exactly ignorant of Slack, and they—properlyacting the simple, greedy that game. George Dodge and William Lent were prospectors awedby all the attention—appearedafraid partners andhad made their pile selling gold mines on to tell. How could they be sure, they kept asking, that the Comstock Lode. George Roberts had also one of these gentlemen wouldn’t beat them out of pr.emoted several big mine deals, and Harpending, a their discovery? Southern Gentleman with an unforgettable name, was the boldest sharper of them all. He was from Finally they agreed to form a company with a Hopkinsville, Ky., and during the Civil War he had capital of $10 million, one quarter of the stock to go to Arnold, one quarterjointly to Dodge andLent, and one sixth each to Harpending, Ralston, and Roberts. ‘Geotimes, 17(10):23-26, 1972 Arnold received $100,000 in cash right there and a

business.

back

Harpending, privateering brand-new

was reconnoiter trip bankruptcies who newfound pack

miles the Francisco Rawlins, but

hard, the Englishman promise

command, party occupation America cash

Colorado observer?

of time

obvious guest.

Slack enough.

a appraisal.

appraisals

1,000

month,

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West.

diamondiferous

that

wooded to

June

was

fee

was

train

coarse,

About

The

The to

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from

shares

to

was

America

Dodge

his

reason.

didn’t

of$

of

Henry

in

Wyo.,

where His

Territory,

top

a

Birmingham

party all

buddy.

and

for

16,

After

first

Janin

Arnold

$2,500,

Rawlins

Union

mine

could

Member

and

quest

named

10

150,000

ferruginous

there

venture,

of

10

to

peak

consulting

expenses Lent

playing

contract

started

1872.

disturb

his

the

and

Janin,

exploring

headed

a

years

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years

on

about also

Who

next

‘for

town

Through

of

there

and Pacific

still

the

met

credit

the

to

company

Alfred

that

one

area.

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had

of adventure

southward.

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was

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Harpending

earlier,

anybody.

help

guide,

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the the

a

later

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showed

topped

paid,

then

into

of

very

Parliament,

be

sandstone, geologist

and

week,

and

never

represented

It

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he after

got

Railroad.

crow health’. that

expedition

the

the

than

part

had

was

the

only

Arnold,

at

he

was

afternoon

plus job

decided

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the

most

influence

Rubery

10

with

Englishman?

Arnold

he

$10

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of

to

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years

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on

years

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snow.

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he

What found

had

a

a

to share,

imagination:

They

the

option

and

taken

two

the

raw

less

assembled

that

rode

had

they

disinterested

just

was

take

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of

capped

along

to

made

along

north

old,

him

investors,

his

hardware

diamond,

was

corner

than

make

healthier

a

it

The

or

less

come

ahead rented

honored

a

reached

parts like

spirited

another

to

in

was survey

young on

uncle,

for

in

at

slope

three

mine

good

with

by

than

date

buy

San

100

the

the the

his

the

no

of

of

to

to

in

in

a

a

a

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prospecting

planted

In

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Mining

Golconda. dollars understood. market.

whole

Sentinel,

South

additional a headed

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running

And low Rubery

seems with

the

decided

could

notice.

all

diamond

and Arnold

effect of incongruities

over

cracks,

glowing

the

an

organized,

public. the

diamondiferous

on

Amidst

staking

how

the

The

claim

Why

After

Now

Diamonds,

establish this

interview

Africa.

‘rubies’

West that

provisions,

was

land

for

rumors

to

and

led

After

to

& low.

place.

mine

he market

That could

report

stay

stupendous

go

hubbub

was

the

payment

All

him

Commercial

about

they

made

Janin

on

stakes

placed

all out

parties

would

They

was

back

There

seem

Janin

the

consisting

flurries

railroad.

was

behind

through anthills.

2

the

were

giving

a

it

They

from

claims

The

and

stayed

lightly

and

monopoly

sapphires,

that

necessary

a

to

first

talking

have got

hocus-pocus,

to

and

the

week

to

area.

be

were

something

bad

searched

that

Arnold

was

set

actually

were

debated

of Rawlins.

anthill

San

have

clues

look

mine

Arnold

to

few

prospect

claimed

busy

the

he

armed,

accomplished

the

only

out

not

Co.

of

guard several

He

the

followed

actually

skillfully

became

diamonds

on

Francisco

days

summer

like

been

to

to

16 would

and but party’s

to

and

finished

wanted

to

landscape

was

earning

a

the

the

gamets,

top

the

determine

gave

men

guard

inexperienced

the

He

the

anthill.

day

kid

no so

in

control

rubies

of

another

lost

effect

hundred

of

wilds

supposed

organized

Arizona.

a

ordered

have

worried

prospect.

that

picking

money

stock

stuff.

with

and

or

made provisions

to

the

to

misdirected

minor

but

on

the

and

&

his such

but

make

two

were

was

the

The

on

the

sandstone,

production.

early

on

for

Janin.

Harpending the

expedition

Roberts

place

was

New

Janin

dozens

he

money

managers

the Slack

all

the

up

a

thousand

about

company

and

location.

panic

the

Laramie

bristling

geologic

sure

limits

lying

task?

guards,

and

did

fall

sold

stones

world

world

now?

York

other

Most

were

gave

then

new

that

and

the

not

in

the

by

an

of all

to

in

of

as

in

It 11 12

charge andRubery as guide. They started from Green Officersofthe IAGC River, Utah, and spent a month in the wilds before they reachedthe diamond mesa. They were still there President,Eric M. Gallinov when things began to go wrong. Director,VemadskyInstituteof GeocheaiisuyandAnalyticalChemistry First the Virginia City (Nev.) Territorial RussianAcademyof Sciences Enterprise published an article on Aug. 3, 1872, Kosyginat 19 stating flatly that there were no diamonds in Arizona Moscow117975,GSP-1 or New Mexico and hinting that the diamond scheme Fax: 7-095-9382054 e-mail:galimov©geokhi.msk.su was a fraud. The conclusion seems to have been based more on general principles than on hard fact, Secretary, Mel Gascoyne Gascoync but in 1872it was a safe bet that any Western mining GeoProjectsInc. 6 TupperPlace,Box 141 promotion was a humbug. Whatever the merit of the Pinawa,Manitoba story, it did not escape the attention of the New York CanadaR.OE1L0. Times or The Timesof London. Tel 1-204-753-8879 Fax:1-204-753-2292 On Aug. 11, the New York Times published a e-mail:gascoynegranite.mb.ca curt denunciation of the diamond promotion and indicated that further news of it would not be fit to 1ace President,JohnLudden Directeur print. The Times London a different view of took of Cente deRecherchesP&ographiques its responsibilities and published a series of articles by etGeochimiques Marmaduke Sampson, the city editor. One of 15,rueNoue-Dame-dcs-Pauvres Sampson’s friends was Baron Grant, a specialist in BP2O dubious promotions on the London stock exchange 54501Vandoeuvre-Lês-Nancy France and a former partner—butno great a1mirer.—ofAsbuiy Tel:33.(a)3.83-59-42.13 Harpending. Fax:33-(0)3-83-51-17-98 e-mail:luddencrpg.cnrs-nancy.fr On Aug. 27, 28, and 29 Sampson ran brief stories of the diamond discovery and on Aug. 30 he Treasurer, DavidT. Long dropped a bomb in the form of a letter from Pittar, Departmentof GeologicalSciences Leverson & Co., diamond brokers, relating that about MichiganStateUniversity East Lansing,Michigan,USA48824 a year before aprominent London dealer had talked of Fax:1-517-3534787 American bumpkins who came to his establishment e-mail:long©piotmsu.edu with a very large bankroll, asked for raw diamonds and rubies, and bought most of what he had without ExecutiveEditorofAppliedGeochemistry, regard for size or quality. The letter concluded: ‘That RonPage InstituteofEarthStudies mysterious purchase has never been cleared up to this Universityof Wales day but now we think we have a clue tQit.’ AberystwythSY233DB Wales,U.K. The news reached San Francisco as fast as Tel:44(0)1970622642 telegraph keys could tap it out, but The Timesdid not Fax:44(0)1970622659 e-mail: carry that much weight in the West and the effect on [email protected] the diamond hysteria was surprisingly small. The company did not appear shaken at least for a month or Fifth World Acid Sulfate Soils Conference, so. August 25-30, 2002. Twin Towns Services Club, Tweed Heads, NSW, Australia. Website: .

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