DOCSLIB.ORG

A Geospatial Web Approach to Exploring Online Epidemiological

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Geospatial Web Approach to Exploring Online Epidemiological A Geospatial Web Approach to Exploring Online Epidemiological Information Thesis Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Arts in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Qian Hao, M.A. Graduate Program in Geography The Ohio State University 2011 Thesis Committee: Ningchuan Xiao, Advisor Mei-Po Kwan Ola Ahlqvist Copyright by Qian Hao 2011 Abstract The World Wide Web provides a tremendous amount of information about diseases and their environments, and much of the information has its geographic contexts. Effectively exploring such information, however, presents a significant challenge to GIScience research because the data is often ill-organized on the web. Commonly used search engines such as Google can only provide a list of raw web pages which often do not contribute to discovering knowledge about the diseases. In this thesis, a geospatial web approach will be developed to efficiently exploring online epidemiological information. A geospatial web organizes information based on the geographic and ontological relationships rather than merely key words. We will focus on news articles about the foot and mouth disease and construct an ontology that specifies the relationship between relevant diseases, geographical terms, social and economical concepts, and cultural contexts. A prototype of this geospatial web approach will contain several components, such as a list of a few foot and mouth disease news, a map showing where these news articles are reported or happened, an ontology graph of this domain, a list of news with topics related to the term we are searching and a list of news happened nearby. This prototype not only allows people to explore closely related information in terms of semantics and locations but provides an effective way to visualize and analyze such information. ii Key words: geospatial web, ontology, epidemiology, knowledge, foot-and-mouth disease iii Dedication Dedicated this thesis to my parents iv Acknowledgments I would like to give many thanks to my advisor, Dr. Ningchuan Xiao, for his great help on my thesis and spending a lot of time on discussing and advising me on this research. Also I want to thank Dr. Mei-Po Kwan and Dr. Ola Ahlqvist for their comments and suggestions on my thesis. Special thanks to the Dr. Rebecca Garabed, Dr. Laura Pomero and Dr. Mark Moritz for their helpful inputs for the foot and mouth disease ontology used in this research. I also give my gratitude to my friend, Yanfei Yin and Rong Cong, for their support and help. And my department colleagues, Wei Chen, for his help on some technical issues. Especially thank to my mother, without her support and love, I cannot finish my thesis and study. v Vita Jul. 2009.................................................. B.S. Geography, Central South University Jan. 2011 to Aug. 2011........................... Graduate Research Associate, Department of Geography, The Ohio State University Fields of Study Major Field: Geography vi Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ ii Dedication ................................................................................................................... iv Acknowledgments........................................................................................................ v Vita............................................................................................................................... vi Table of Contents ....................................................................................................... vii List of Tables .............................................................................................................viii List of Figures ............................................................................................................. ix CHAPTER 1: Introduction ........................................................................................... 1 CHAPTER 2: Methodology and Framework.............................................................. 10 CHAPTER 3: Implementation of the Geospatial Web Application………………….22 CHAPTER 4: Application Interface and Results ....................................................... 44 CHAPTER 5: Conclusions.......................................................................................... 53 REFERENCE ..............................................................................................................57 Appendix A: User‟s Manual………………………………………………………….61 Appendix B: Sample saved news………………………………………………….....63 vii List of Tables Table 1. The results of locations extraction methods‟ precision ................................ 34 Table 2. The summary of main location detection method .........................................36 Table 3. Thesaurus for concepts in the ontology ........................................................ 39 viii List of Figures Figure 1. A simple communication between client and server……………………... 12 Figure 2. An example of using CGI technique…………………………………...… 12 Figure 3. A common communication between client and server……………………13 Figure 4. An example of how Ajax technique works………………………………. 17 Figure 5. A framework of a geospatial web application……………………………. 20 Figure 6. Workflow of developing a geospatial web application for exploring online epidemiological information………………………………………………………... 21 Figure 7. Code snippet of using Perl to make a news search request……………..... 23 Figure 8. Code snippet of saving the news as a text file…………...……………….. 24 Figure 9. Code snippet of encoding process…………...…………………………… 25 Figure 10. Encoded html file on the server…………………...…………………….. 25 Figure 11. Webpage table for storing attributes for every news……………………..26 Figure 12. Html table for storing html source code of each news………………….. 27 Figure 13. Code snippet of saving news into database using Perl………………….. 28 Figure 14.Code snippet for saving location information into database….................. 29 Figure 15. Code snippet for locations extraction……………………...……………. 30 Figure 16. Locations extraction results for one particular news…………...……….. 31 Figure 17. Example of equal search criteria and sub-string search criteria……...…..32 Figure 18. Records contains “Columbus”………………………………...………… 33 ix Figure 19. Location table for storing locations in each news……………...……….. .34 Figure 20. A tentative ontology system for foot-and-mouth disease domain…..........38 Figure 21. Ontology graph drawn by HMTL canvas element…………...…………. .41 Figure 22. Logical process for the implementation of the web application……...…. .43 Figure 23. The overview of the semantic geospatial web application for exploring epidemiological information………………………………………………………... .44 Figure 24. The section for active news……………………………...……………… .45 Figure 25. The section for showing map with locations………………...………….. .46 Figure 26. Example of exploring information by clicking the map…………...……. .48 Figure 27. The section for list five geographic related news to the active news…..... 48 Figure 28. Example of before clicking on the geographic related news……………. 49 Figure 29. Example of after clicking on the geographic related news……………….50 Figure 30. Sections for showing ontologically related news and the ontology graph.50 Figure 31. Example of before clicking on the ontology graph……………………….52 Figure 32. Example of after clicking on the ontology graph…………………………52 x Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Background The World Wide Web (WWW) has evolved to be an enormous data repository for all kinds of purposes and it has become increasingly difficult to retrieve desirable information from the web efficiently. The traditional information retrieval methods, typically built around Internet search engines such as Google and Yahoo!, often do not satisfy users‟ information needs, because they do not capture the syntactic and semantic aspects of words. The current information searching and presenting methods are limited to key-word searches and present the results in lists of web pages many of which are irrelevant to the searched concepts. With the growth and development of the Internet, more efficient information retrieval techniques and presentation methods are needed. The problem with the current information searching and presenting methods is that it only considers the searched terms as strings without meanings so that the computers cannot filter out the irrelevant information. To fill this gap, Tim Berners-Lee introduced the concept of the “semantic web” as the next generation of the current web and as an environment which enables computers and human cooperate based on well-defined meanings (Berners-Lee et al. 2001). In this way, the web will become a knowledge-based web which will provide qualitative services with a consideration of the underlying semantics for the data, web pages, and other web sources (Ding et al. 1 2002). The semantic web will be able to understand, identify, integrate, and filter different kinds of information from various sources and to return more relevant results than the current web searching method. For example, in a semantic web, when users purchase their flight tickets or book a hotel, the system could compare their calendars and schedules and return those results without a time conflict. A geospatial semantic web is one kind of semantic web with particular attention on geospatial context (Egenhofer, 2002). The spatial properties of objects can be considered an important
Load more

Recommended publications
  • An Introduction to AJAX
    An Introduction to AJAX By : I. Moamin Abughazaleh Page 2 /25 How HTTP works? Classical HTTP Process 1. The visitor requests a page Page 3 /25 2. The server send the entire HTML, CSS and Javascript code at once to the client 3. So, the communication is synchronious Page 4 /25 What is Javascript programming actually? What is Javascript programming? It is programming the browsers. So, we are limited to the objects that the Page 5 /25 browser presents us An Alternative for Managing requests - AJAX AJAX stands for Asynchronous JavaScript And XML. AJAX is based on XMLHttpRequest object of Page 6 /25 Javascript - so the browser and XMLHttpRequest is a standard http://www.w3.org/TR/XMLHttpRequest/ It was introduced with IE-5.0 as an ActiveX object (1999) Later all the major browsers added XMLHttpRequest into their object bases. AJAX = Asynchronous JavaScript and XML It is a technique for creating better, faster, and more interactive web applications With XMLHttpRequest object JavaScript can trade data with a web server, without reloading Page 7 /25 the page AJAX uses “asynchronous data transfer” => allowing web pages to request small bits of information from the server instead of whole pages We can create desktop application like web applications using AJAX, this paradigm is also called “WEB 2.0” programming AJAX - Based on Web Standards AJAX is based on the following web standards: XHTML and CSS Presentation DOM Dynamic display of and interaction with data XML and XSLT Tranfering data back and forth Page 8 /25 XMLHttpRequest Asynchronous transfer of data Javascript Bring these technologies together AJAX applications are browser and platform independent The XMLHttpRequest object is supported in Internet Explorer 5.0+, Safari 1.2, Mozilla 1.0 / Firefox, Opera 8+, and Netscape 7.
    [Show full text]
  • Progressive Imagery with Scalable Vector Graphics -..:: VCG Rostock
    Progressive imagery with scalable vector graphics Georg Fuchsa, Heidrun Schumanna, and Ren´eRosenbaumb aUniversity of Rostock, Institute for Computer Science, 18051 Rostock, Germany; bUC Davis, Institute of Data Analysis & Visualization, Davis, CA 95616 U.S.A. ABSTRACT Vector graphics can be scaled without loss of quality, making them suitable for mobile image communication where a given graphics must be typically represented in high quality for a wide range of screen resolutions. One problem is that file size increases rapidly as content becomes more detailed, which can reduce response times and efficiency in mobile settings. Analog issues for large raster imagery have been overcome using progressive refinement schemes. Similar ideas have already been applied to vector graphics, but an implementation that is compliant to a major and widely adopted standard is still missing. In this publication we show how to provide progressive refinement schemes based on the extendable Scalable Vector Graphics (SVG) standard. We propose two strategies: decomposition of the original SVG and incremental transmission using (1) several linked files and (2) element-wise streaming of a single file. The publication discusses how both strategies are employed in mobile image communication scenarios where the user can interactively define RoIs for prioritized image communication, and reports initial results we obtained from a prototypically implemented client/server setup. Keywords: Progression, Progressive refinement, Scalable Vector Graphics, SVG, Mobile image communication 1. INTRODUCTION Vector graphics use graphic primitives such as points, lines, curves, and polygons to represent image contents. As those primitives are defined by means of geometric coordinates that are independent of actual pixel resolutions, vector graphics can be scaled without loss of quality.
    [Show full text]
  • SVG Exploiting Browsers Without Image Parsing Bugs
    SVG Exploiting Browsers without Image Parsing Bugs Rennie deGraaf iSEC Partners 07 August 2014 Rennie deGraaf (iSEC Partners) SVG Security BH USA 2014 1 / 55 Outline 1 A brief introduction to SVG What is SVG? Using SVG with HTML SVG features 2 Attacking SVG Attack surface Security model Security model violations 3 Content Security Policy A brief introduction CSP Violations 4 Conclusion Rennie deGraaf (iSEC Partners) SVG Security BH USA 2014 2 / 55 A brief introduction to SVG What is SVG? What is SVG? Scalable Vector Graphics XML-based W3C (http://www.w3.org/TR/SVG/) Development started in 1999 Current version is 1.1, published in 2011 Version 2.0 is in development First browser with native support was Konqueror in 2004; IE was the last major browser to add native SVG support (in 2011) Rennie deGraaf (iSEC Partners) SVG Security BH USA 2014 3 / 55 A brief introduction to SVG What is SVG? A simple example Source code <? xml v e r s i o n = ” 1 . 0 ” encoding = ”UTF-8” standalone = ” no ” ? > <svg xmlns = ” h t t p : // www. w3 . org / 2 0 0 0 / svg ” width = ” 68 ” h e i g h t = ” 68 ” viewBox = ”-34 -34 68 68 ” v e r s i o n = ” 1 . 1 ” > < c i r c l e cx = ” 0 ” cy = ” 0 ” r = ” 24 ” f i l l = ”#c8c8c8 ” / > < / svg > Rennie deGraaf (iSEC Partners) SVG Security BH USA 2014 4 / 55 A brief introduction to SVG What is SVG? A simple example As rendered Rennie deGraaf (iSEC Partners) SVG Security BH USA 2014 5 / 55 A brief introduction to SVG What is SVG? A simple example I am not an artist.
    [Show full text]
  • Mastering Ajax, Part 4: Exploiting DOM for Web Response Convert HTML Into an Object Model to Make Web Pages Responsive and Interactive
    Mastering Ajax, Part 4: Exploiting DOM for Web response Convert HTML into an object model to make Web pages responsive and interactive Skill Level: Introductory Brett McLaughlin Author and Editor O'Reilly Media Inc. 14 Mar 2006 The great divide between programmers (who work with back-end applications) and Web programmers (who spend their time writing HTML, CSS, and JavaScript) is long standing. However, the Document Object Model (DOM) bridges the chasm and makes working with both XML on the back end and HTML on the front end possible and an effective tool. In this article, Brett McLaughlin introduces the Document Object Model, explains its use in Web pages, and starts to explore its usage from JavaScript. Like many Web programmers, you have probably worked with HTML. HTML is how programmers start to work on a Web page; HTML is often the last thing they do as they finish up an application or site, and tweak that last bit of placement, color, or style. And, just as common as using HTML is the misconception about what exactly happens to that HTML once it goes to a browser to render to the screen. Before I dive into what you might think happens -- and why it is probably wrong -- I want you need to be clear on the process involved in designing and serving Web pages: 1. Someone (usually you!) creates HTML in a text editor or IDE. 2. You then upload the HTML to a Web server, like Apache HTTPD, and make it public on the Internet or an intranet. Exploiting DOM for Web response Trademarks © Copyright IBM Corporation 2006 Page 1 of 19 developerWorks® ibm.com/developerWorks 3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Implementation of Large Video File Upload System Based on the HTML5 API and Ajax Yungeng Xu , Sanxing
    Joint International Mechanical, Electronic and Information Technology Conference (JIMET 2015) The Implementation of Large Video File Upload System Based on the HTML5 API and Ajax Yungeng Xu1, a, Sanxing Cao2, b 1 Department of Science and Engineering, Communication University of China, Beijing 2 New Media Institute, Communication University of China, Beijing a b [email protected], [email protected] Keywords: HTML5; File upload; Shell; XMLHttpRequest Abstract. The function of upload file is an important web page designs. Traditional file upload function for file upload function by HTML form and $_FILES system function, has the advantages of convenience, can cope with a relatively small file upload. The traditional HTML way has been difficult to meet the upload of the oversized file. Service not only to open a link waiting for this file is uploaded, but also to allocate the same size of memory to save this file. In the case of large concurrency may cause a great pressure on the server. This article is the use of HTML5 File API to upload video files in the original form on the basis of form, use the function of slice inside the HTML5 file API for the split file upload, to achieve the result of no refresh upload files. Have a valid practical significance. Introduction With the development of web technology, watch videos on the website has become an important forms of entertainment in the people's daily life. Internet video give people a great deal of freedom to choose the way of entertainment, not limited to the live TV mode. People can watch the video on the webpage.
    [Show full text]
  • Framework for Developing Offline HTML5 Applications
    MASARYK UNIVERSITY FACULTY}w¡¢£¤¥¦§¨ OF I !"#$%&'()+,-./012345<yA|NFORMATICS Framework for Developing Offline HTML5 Applications DIPLOMA THESIS Petr Kunc Brno, 2013 Declaration Hereby I declare, that this paper is my original authorial work, which I have worked out by my own. All sources, references and literature used or excerpted during elaboration of this work are properly cited and listed in complete reference to the due source. Advisor: doc. RNDr. Tomás Pitner, PhD. ii Acknowledgement Above all, I would like to thank my advisor doc. RNDr. Tomáš Pitner, PhD. for leading not only this diploma thesis but also for leading me during my studies. I would also like to thank my colleagues in Laboratory of Software Architectures and Information Systems, especially Mgr. Filip Nguyen and Mgr. Daniel Tovarˇnákfor priceless advice on implementation and for providing their knowledge. Nevertheless, I would like to thank my colleagues in Celebrio Software company. iii Abstract The aim of this thesis is to provide detailed information about developing offline web ap- plications. The thesis presents important technologies in the development and mostly deals with Application cache technology. It summarizes advantages and also disadvantages and problems of the technology. Then, it offers solutions to some of the problems and introduces framework for build- ing offline web applications more sophisticatedly. At last, demonstration application is pre- sented which shows the benefits of proposed technology. iv Keywords HTML5, offline, web applications, application
    [Show full text]
  • AJAX Xmlhttprequest
    AAJJAAXX -- XXMMLLHHTTTTPPRREEQQUUEESSTT http://www.tutorialspoint.com/ajax/what_is_xmlhttprequest.htm Copyright © tutorialspoint.com The XMLHttpRequest object is the key to AJAX. It has been available ever since Internet Explorer 5.5 was released in July 2000, but was not fully discovered until AJAX and Web 2.0 in 2005 became popular. XMLHttpRequest XHR is an API that can be used by JavaScript, JScript, VBScript, and other web browser scripting languages to transfer and manipulate XML data to and from a webserver using HTTP, establishing an independent connection channel between a webpage's Client-Side and Server-Side. The data returned from XMLHttpRequest calls will often be provided by back-end databases. Besides XML, XMLHttpRequest can be used to fetch data in other formats, e.g. JSON or even plain text. You already have seen a couple of examples on how to create an XMLHttpRequest object. Listed below is listed are some of the methods and properties that you have to get familiar with. XMLHttpRequest Methods abort Cancels the current request. getAllResponseHeaders Returns the complete set of HTTP headers as a string. getResponseHeaderheaderName Returns the value of the specified HTTP header. openmethod, URL openmethod, URL, async openmethod, URL, async, userName openmethod, URL, async, userName, password Specifies the method, URL, and other optional attributes of a request. The method parameter can have a value of "GET", "POST", or "HEAD". Other HTTP methods, such as "PUT" and "DELETE" primarilyusedinRESTapplications may be possible. The "async" parameter specifies whether the request should be handled asynchronously or not. "true" means that the script processing carries on after the send method without waiting for a response, and "false" means that the script waits for a response before continuing script processing.
    [Show full text]
  • Document Object Model
    Document Object Model Copyright © 1999 - 2020 Ellis Horowitz DOM 1 What is DOM • The Document Object Model (DOM) is a programming interface for XML documents. – It defines the way an XML document can be accessed and manipulated – this includes HTML documents • The XML DOM is designed to be used with any programming language and any operating system. • The DOM represents an XML file as a tree – The documentElement is the top-level of the tree. This element has one or many childNodes that represent the branches of the tree. Copyright © 1999 - 2020 Ellis Horowitz DOM 2 Version History • DOM Level 1 concentrates on HTML and XML document models. It contains functionality for document navigation and manipulation. See: – http://www.w3.org/DOM/ • DOM Level 2 adds a stylesheet object model to DOM Level 1, defines functionality for manipulating the style information attached to a document, and defines an event model and provides support for XML namespaces. The DOM Level 2 specification is a set of 6 released W3C Recommendations, see: – https://www.w3.org/DOM/DOMTR#dom2 • DOM Level 3 consists of 3 different specifications (Recommendations) – DOM Level 3 Core, Load and Save, Validation, http://www.w3.org/TR/DOM-Level-3/ • DOM Level 4 (aka DOM4) consists of 1 specification (Recommendation) – W3C DOM4, http://www.w3.org/TR/domcore/ • Consolidates previous specifications, and moves some to HTML5 • See All DOM Technical Reports at: – https://www.w3.org/DOM/DOMTR • Now DOM specification is DOM Living Standard (WHATWG), see: – https://dom.spec.whatwg.org
    [Show full text]
  • AJAX: Coming to an Application Near
    Introduction to AJAX Bringing Interactivity & Intuitiveness Into Web Applications By : Bhanwar Gupta SD-Team-Member Jsoft Solutions Applications today • You have two basic choices: Desktop applications and Web applications DesktopDesktop applicationsapplications It usually come on a CD and install completely on your computer. The code that runs these applications resides on your desktop. It is usually pretty fast, has great user interfaces and is incredibly dynamic. WebWeb applicationsapplications It runs on a Web server and you access the application with your Web browser It provides services you could never get on your desktop (think about Amazon.com and eBay). waiting for a server to respond, waiting for a screen to refresh, waiting for a request to come back and generate a new page. ☺☺ AjaxAjax attemptsattempts toto bridgebridge thethe gapgap betwbetweeneen thethe functionalityfunctionality andand interactivityinteractivity What is AJAX ? • A Web development technique for creating interactive web applications IntensionIntension Shift a great deal of interaction to the Web surfer's computer Used to retrieve data and update selected parts of the page without refreshing the entire page Example: Google Suggest, Google Maps ☺☺ IncreaseIncrease thethe WebWeb page'spage's interactivity,interactivity, speespeed,d, andand usability;usability; betterbetter useruser experienceexperience The “birth” of Ajax 3/31/05: Google Pioneers Use of Old Microsoft Tools in New Web Programs “Ajax” “a big step toward the Holy Grail of having the kinds
    [Show full text]
  • Elastic HTML5: Workload Offloading Using Cloud-Based Web
    Elastic HTML5: Workload Offloading Using Cloud-Based Web Workers and Storages for Mobile Devices Xinwen Zhang, Won Jeon, Simon Gibbs, and Anugeetha Kunjithapatham Computer Science Laboratory, Samsung Information Systems America 75 W. Plumeria Drive, San Jose, CA 95134 Abstract. In this position paper, we propose the concept of Elastic HTML5, which enables web applications to offload workload using cloud- based web workers and cloud-based storage for mobile devices. Elastic HTML5 is a collection of software components and functions in for a web runtime agent (e.g., web browser); this includes components and meth- ods to create and manage web workers in the cloud so as to augment the computation functionality of a browser-based application running on a device. Elastic HTML5 also includes the components and meth- ods to create and manage elastic storage between the main thread of a web application and its web workers. With these functions, a web ap- plication can run in elastic manner such that, whenever necessary, the mobile device can obtain resources from the cloud, including computa- tion and storage, and when necessary, it can run offline at the device side completely. 1 Introduction HTML5 is being proposed by W3C as the next generation of HTML. Al- though the specification has been under development since 2004, many features of HTML5 are supported by the latest builds of browsers including Firefox, Chrome, Safari and Opera. Microsoft is also starting to support HTML5 within Internet Explorer. Web workers and local storage are important concepts and features in HTML5. A web worker is a script that runs in the background within the browser.
    [Show full text]
  • Asynchronous Javascript and XML
    Asynchronous JavaScript and XML Literature study on Ajax as part of the project ‘AJAX for Content Management’. By: Teunis van Wijngaarden ( [email protected] ) Abstract [Voor dit document een aparte abstract schrijven?] 1 Contents Asynchronous JavaScript and XML ........................................................................................1 Abstract ..............................................................................................................................1 1 Contents .......................................................................................................................1 2 Introduction .................................................................................................................2 3 Ajax history .................................................................................................................2 3.1 Introduction of Javascript ......................................................................................2 3.2 Introduction of frames ...........................................................................................2 3.3 Ansynchronous requests with ‘old’ techniques ......................................................2 3.4 An easier way to perform Asynchronous requests .................................................3 3.5 The new approach: Ajax .......................................................................................3 3.6 Ajax’s context: Web 2.0 ........................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Using HTML5 Apis
    7Lesson 7: Using HTML5 APIs Objectives By the end of this lesson, you will be able to: 7.1: Define the Document Object Model (DOM). 7.2: Define application programming interface (API), and list the common HTML5 APIs. 7.3: Use the HTML5 Canvas API for advanced techniques. 7.4: Develop offline Web applications using the HTML5 AppCache API. 7.5: Use the HTML5 Geolocation API to obtain geographic information about a user. 7.6: Create drag-and-drop Web pages using the HTML5 Drag-and-Drop API. 7.7: Use the HTML5 File API to interact with files. 7.8: Use the HTML5 History API to manipulate a browser's history. 7.9: Retrieve and manipulate HTML5 data using XMLHttpRequest and jQuery. 7-2 Advanced HTML5 and CSS3 Specialist Pre-Assessment Questions 1. Which HTML5 API allows a Web program to run locally on a client system? a. Canvas b. AppCache c. Drag-and-Drop d. Geolocation 2. Which of the following is a function of the HTML5 File API? a. Create preview thumbnail images during image uploads b. Locate the position of the client system c. Move files using a drop zone d. Validate HTML5 code 3. What is the function of the HTML5 History API? © 2014 Certification Partners, LLC. — All Rights Reserved. Version 1.0 Lesson 7: Using HTML5 APIs 7-3 Introduction to HTML5 APIs As mentioned in an earlier lesson, experts in Web technology expect that the future of Web development will rely heavily on HTML5 APIs. HTML5 APIs consist of HTML5, CSS and JavaScript — the Web development trifecta.
    [Show full text]