The Berkshire Mentoring Programme

The Journey of a new Mason

Stage 1 - part A

Before Initiation

Getting to know about

Published by

The Provincial of Berkshire

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 1 THE JOURNEY OF A NEW MASON

STAGE 1 BEFORE INITIATION

Part 1A - Getting to know about Freemasonry

Section 1 Foreword To many non-masons the mention of ‘The Freemasons’ conjures up a certain amount of mystery and curiosity as to what it is all about and why are so many people part of it. For the non-mason to find out more about what it stands for what it does, why is it popular amongst all classes of the population (even including Royalty); the moral lessons and the rituals performed is a somewhat difficult task for him to undertake. Much has been written about masonry and its activities, but for the non-mason, where does he start? Usually he makes contact with a friend who is known to be a mason, who will then assist him to start his journey into Freemasonry. But even that friend or a future proposer and seconder may find it difficult to give a full explanation of what is needed to be known. The purpose of the introduction of this booklet “Part A - Getting to know about Freemasonry”, is to give the interested non-mason, a “one stop” source of information, to enable him to better understand the qualification and commitment needed for his future Masonic journey, therefore hopefully ensuring that he will be better informed to decide whether or not he wishes to join the . The subject manner contained within this booklet is derived from many sources, from the United Grand Lodge of England (Grand Lodge), to the many publications and websites which abound these days. The second part of this Stage 1, Before Initiation; named “Part B - Preparing a Candidate to Join Freemasonry”, is about how to prepare a candidate for his first important step into masonry. It should be a useful guide to any proposer or seconder who may be considering introducing a new candidate into Freemasonry.

Provincial Grand Mentor (Berkshire)

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 2 THE JOURNEY OF A NEW MASON

STAGE 1 BEFORE INITIATON

Part A GETTING TO KNOW ABOUT FREEMASONRY

Contents – Section 1 page

Foreword 2

An introduction to Freemasonry 4

Who can become a Freemason 6

All about Masonry - What is Freemasonry? 8

Freemasonry - An approach to Life 11

Your Questions answered 15

Freemasonry in Berkshire 22

Still interested? 24

Contents – Section 2

Freemasonry and Society 25

Freemasonry and Religion 27

Freemasonry and External Relations 29

Regular Freemasonry and Public Affairs 31

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 3 Section 1 AN INTRODUCTION TO FREEMASONRY

Freemasonry is one of the world's oldest secular fraternal societies. Its members develop moral and spiritual values by a series of ritual dramas, which follow ancient forms and use stonemasons tools and practices as symbolic and allegorical guides. Its members believe that these values represent a way of enabling Freemasons to make a better contribution to the ethics and welfare of the community. Freemasonry therefore, offers intellectual and social challenges. It brings people together and creates lasting friendships among those who might otherwise have remained apart. Its key focus is charity, which enables it to care for its own, as well as for the wider community. Freemasonry demands a respect for the law of any country in which its members live and work. In ordinary conversation there is very little about Freemasonry which may not be discussed. Freemasonry extends across the world. A mason can be a member of more than one lodge, in more than one country. Every member has the opportunity to take office in his Lodge and become its Master.

English Freemasonry’s home is at Freemasons Hall (United Grand Lodge of England- UGLE) in London. The library, museum and permanent exhibition are all open to the public and receive about 50,000 visitors annually. More information on the Grand Lodge website; www.ugle.org.uk

Lodges generally meet five or six times a year, some more, some less. Most meet on a weekday evening but some are held during the day. A lodge meeting is usually followed by a formal lunch or dinner.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 4 At meetings, members of the fraternity call each other ‘brother’. The title of ‘Worshipful Brother’ denotes that a member has been the Master of a lodge. The title ‘Grand’ denotes an officer of Grand Lodge or Provincial Grand Lodge. An important aspect of Freemasonry is its support for Charities – both Masonic and non-Masonic. The annual sum raised is about £25m. Charitable giving operates at three levels;  from individual lodges;  at Provincial level, where Berkshire has established a special fund to support local charities;  and at national level operated by Grand Lodge. Masonic funds are generated by masons alone. Freemasonry does not raise money by public appeal and only a small proportion comes from fund raising activities.

The current of the United Grand Lodge of England is his Royal Highness the Duke of Kent.

There are about 300,000 Freemasons in England who belong to one or more of nearly 8000 lodges.

The Aims of Freemasonry While Freemasonry is to be enjoyed, its objectives are serious and its members are ordinary individuals who share the following aims:  To foster high moral standards  To practise universal charity  To build friendships  To develop values such as  Integrity,  Respect,  Self-discipline,  Discretion,  Virtue,  Responsibility.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 5 WHO CAN BECOME A FREEMASON?

Membership of Freemasonry is open to men of all walks of life and of any race or religion who believe in a Supreme Being (by whatever name He is known to them).

It is usual for candidates to be "mature men of 21 years and over", but in some circumstances candidates between the ages of 18 and 21 can be admitted, and a candidate will need a proposer and seconder before an application for membership may be submitted to a Lodge.

People might think that to become a Freemason is quite difficult. It's actually straightforward. We will happily tell people about our society. Anyone who is interested in joining needs to ask ..... you can ask a friend whom you know to be a Freemason, or if you don't know any Freemasons, then please refer to the 'Information' contact details’ in Freemasonry in Berkshire to enquire about membership.

The proposal form requires a candidate not to expect, anticipate or seek any preferment or financial benefit as a consequence of becoming a member. There should be no conflict between a candidate’s family, business or professional interests and membership, nor can the candidate have a criminal record. There is a process for expulsion for members who commit a criminal offence.

Suggested steps After reading the various information sections within this booklet, starting at 'All About Masonry' in the menu listings, and if you are still interested in becoming a Freemason, we advise that you first talk to a family member, friend or colleague whom you already know to be a member.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 6 They will be able to explain to you what they can about the fraternity and help you find a suitable Lodge. If you don't know anyone at all who is a member, then get in touch with a Masonic Office in your area, and see ‘Information contact details’ in “Freemasonry in Berkshire” Write to that office, telling them a little bit about yourself and your reasons for wishing to join. Arrangements will be made to meet you socially to find out more about you, and to give you a chance to find out more about us.

You would then in due course be invited to meet a committee of members from a Lodge you might be joining, to being balloted for membership of that Lodge. All being well, a date would then be fixed for your admission.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 7 ALL ABOUT MASONRY

What is Freemasonry? An Introduction Freemasonry is one of the world's oldest secular fraternal societies. The following information is intended to explain Freemasonry as it is practised under the United Grand Lodge of England, which administers Lodges of Freemasons in England and Wales and in many places overseas. The explanation may correct some misconceptions. Freemasonry is a society of men concerned with moral and spiritual values. Its members are taught its precepts by a series of ritual dramas, which follow ancient forms, and use stonemasons' customs and tools as allegorical guides.

The Essential Qualification for Membership The essential qualification for admission into and continuing membership is a belief in a Supreme Being. Membership is open to men of any race or religion who can fulfil this essential qualification and who are of good repute.

Freemasonry and Religion Freemasonry is not a religion, nor is it a substitute for religion. Its essential qualification opens it to men of many religions and it expects them to continue to follow their own faith. It does not allow religion (or politics) to be discussed at its meeting.

The Three Great Principles For many years Freemasons have followed three great principles: Brotherly Love - Every true Freemason will show tolerance and respect for the opinions of others and behave with kindness and understanding to his creatures. Relief - Freemasons are taught to practise charity and to care, not only for their own, but also for the community as a whole, both by charitable giving, and by voluntary efforts and works as individuals.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 8 Truth - Freemasons strive for truth, requiring high moral standards and aiming to achieve them in their own lives. Freemasons believe that these principles represent a way of achieving higher standards in life.

Charity From its earliest days, Freemasonry has been concerned with the care of orphans, the sick and the aged who have a Masonic connection. This work continues today. In addition, large sums are given to national and local charities.

Freemasonry and Society Freemasonry demands from its members a respect for the law of the country in which a man works and lives. Its principles do not in any way conflict with its members' duties as citizens, but should strengthen them in fulfilling their public and private responsibilities. The use by a Freemason of his membership to promote his own or anyone else's business, professional or personal interests is condemned, and is contrary to the conditions on which he sought admission to Freemasonry. His duty as a citizen must always prevail over any obligation to other Freemasons, and any attempt to shield a Freemason who has acted dishonourably or unlawfully is contrary to this prime duty.

Secrecy The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. It is not a , since all members are free to acknowledge their membership and will do so in response to enquiries for respectable reasons. Its constitutions and rules are available to the public. There is no secret about any of its aims and principles. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 9 Freemasonry and Politics Freemasonry is non-political, and the discussion of politics at Masonic meetings is forbidden.

Other Freemasonry is practised under many independent Grand Lodges with standards similar to those set by the United Grand Lodge of England.

There are some Grand Lodges and other apparently Masonic bodies that do not meet these standards, e.g. that do not require a belief in a Supreme Being, or that allow or encourage their members as such to participate in political matters.

These Grand Lodges and bodies are not recognised by the United Grand Lodge of England as being Masonically regular, and Masonic contact with them is forbidden.

Conclusion A Freemason is encouraged to do his duty first to his God (by whatever name he is known) through his faith and religious practice; and then, without detriment to his family and those dependent on him, to his neighbour through charity and service.

None of these ideas is exclusively Masonic, but all should be universally acceptable. Freemasons are expected to follow them.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 10 FREEMASONRY: AN APPROACH TO LIFE

What is Freemasonry? Freemasonry teaches moral lessons and self-knowledge through participation in a progression of allegorical two-part plays, which are learnt by heart and performed within each lodge. Freemasonry offers its members an approach to life which seeks to reinforce thoughtfulness for others, kindness in the community, honesty in business, courtesy in society and fairness in all things. Members are urged to regard the interests of the family as paramount but importantly Freemasonry also teaches and practices concern for people, care for the less fortunate and help for those in need.

Why do people join and remain members? People become Freemasons for a variety of reasons, some as the result of family tradition, others upon the introduction of a friend or out of a curiosity to know what it is all about. Those who become active members and who grow in Freemasonry do so principally because they enjoy it. They enjoy the challenges and fellowship that Freemasonry offers. There is more to it, however, than just enjoyment. Participation in the dramatic presentation of moral lessons and in the working of a lodge provides a member with a unique opportunity to learn more about himself and encourages him to live in such a way that he will always be in search of becoming a better man, not better than someone else but better than he himself would otherwise be and therefore an exemplary member of society. Each Freemason is required to learn and show humility through initiation. Then, by progression through a series of degrees he gains insight into increasingly complex moral and philosophical concepts, and accepts a variety of challenges and responsibilities which are both stimulating and rewarding. The structure and working of the lodge and the sequence of ceremonial events, which are usually followed by social gatherings, offer members a

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 11 framework for companionship, teamwork, character development and enjoyment of shared experiences.

What promises do Freemasons take? New members make solemn promises concerning their conduct in the lodge and society. These promises are similar to those taken in court or upon entering the armed services or many other organisations. Each member also promises to keep confidential the traditional methods of proving he is a Freemason which he would use when visiting a lodge where he is not known. The much publicised 'traditional penalties' for failure to observe these undertakings were removed from the promises in 1986. They were always symbolic not literal and refer only to the pain any decent man should feel at the thought of violating his word. Members also undertake not to make use of their membership for personal gain or advancement; failure to observe this principle or otherwise to fall below the standards expected of a Freemason can lead to expulsion.

Who can join? Membership is open to men of all faiths who are law-abiding, of good character and who acknowledge a belief in a Supreme being. Freemasonry is a multi-racial and multi-cultural organisation. It has attracted men of goodwill from all sectors of the community into membership. There are similar Masonic organisations for women.

Is Freemasonry a religion? Freemasonry is not a religion. It has no theology and does not teach any route to salvation. A belief in a Supreme being, however, is an essential requirement for membership and Freemasonry encourages its members to be active in their own religions as well as in society at large. Although every lodge meeting is opened and closed with a prayer and its ceremonies reflect the essential truths and moral teachings common to many of the world's great religions, no discussion of religion is permitted in lodge meetings.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 12

Is Freemasonry a secret society? Freemasonry is not a secret society, but lodge meetings, like meetings of many other social and professional associations, are private occasions open only to members. Freemasons are encouraged to speak openly about their membership, while remembering that they undertake not to use it for their own or anyone else's advancement. As members are sometimes the subject of discrimination which may adversely affect their employment or other aspects of their lives, some Freemasons are understandably reticent about discussing their membership. In common with many other national organisations, Grand Lodge maintains a list of members but will not disclose names or member's details without their permission. In circumstances where a conflict of interest might arise or be perceived to exist or when Freemasonry becomes an issue, a Freemason must declare an interest. The rules and aims of Freemasonry are available to the public. The Masonic Year Book, also available to the public, contains the names of all national office-holders and lists of all lodges with details of their meeting dates and places. The meeting places and halls used by Freemasons are readily identifiable, are listed in telephone directories and in many areas are used by the local community for activities other than Freemasonry. Freemason's Hall in London is open to the public and 'open days' are held in many provincial centres. The rituals and ceremonies used by Freemasons to pass on the principles of Freemasonry to new members were first revealed publicly in 1723. They include the traditional forms of recognition used by Freemasons essentially to prove their identity and qualifications when entering a Masonic meeting. These include handshakes which have been much written about and can scarcely be regarded as truly secret today; for medieval Freemasons, they were the equivalent of a 'pin number' restricting access only to qualified members.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 13 Many thousands of books have been written on the subject of Freemasonry and are readily available to the general public. Freemasonry offers spokesmen and briefings for the media and provides talks to interested groups on request. Freemasons are proud of their heritage and happy to share it.

Is Freemasonry involved in politics? Freemasonry is definitely not a political organisation, it has no political agenda, and discussion of politics is not permitted at lodge meetings. Freemasonry naturally tends to attract those with a concern for people and a sense of social responsibility and purpose. There are members, therefore, who are involved in politics at local, national and international level. Equally there are members who take an active interest in non-Masonic charitable organisations and other community groups

Is Freemasonry involved in the community? From its earliest days, Freemasonry has been involved in charitable activities, and since its inception it has provided support for many widows and orphans of Freemasons as well as for others within the community. All monies raised for charity are drawn from amongst Freemasons, their families and friends, while grants and donations are made to Masonic and non-Masonic charities alike. Over the past five years alone Freemasonry has raised more than £75m for a wide range of charitable purposes including those involved in medical research, community care, education and work with young people. Freemasonry has an enviable record of providing regular and consistent financial support to individual charities over long periods while at the same time making thousands of grants to local charities, appeals and projects throughout England and Wales each year. For the future, opportunities to obtain or provide matched funding are periodically examined with a view to enhancing the impact of the support Freemasonry can give to

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 14 specific projects. The personal generosity of Freemasons and the collective fundraising efforts of almost 8,000 lodges, however, will continue to determine the contribution Freemasonry makes within the community.

FREEMASONRY: YOUR QUESTIONS ANSWERED

Q What is Freemasonry? A Freemasonry is the UK’s largest secular, fraternal and charitable organisation. It teaches moral lessons and self-knowledge through participation in a progression of allegorical two-part plays.

Q How many Freemasons are there? A Under the United Grand Lodge of England, there are over 300,000 Freemasons, meeting in over 8,000 lodges. There are separate Grand Lodges for Ireland (which covers north and south) and Scotland, with a combined membership of 150,000. Worldwide, there are probably 5 million members.

Q How and when did Freemasonry start? A It is not known. The earliest recorded 'making' of a Freemason in England is that of Elias Ashmole in 1646. Organised Freemasonry began with the founding of the Grand Lodge of England on 24 June 1717, the first Grand Lodge in the world. Ireland followed in 1725 and Scotland in 1736. All the regular Grand Lodges in the world trace themselves back to one or more of the Grand Lodges in the British Isles. There are two main theories of origin. According to one, the operative stonemasons who built the great cathedrals and castles had lodges in which they discussed trade affairs. They had simple initiation ceremonies and, as there were no City and certificates, dues cards or trade union membership cards, they adopted secret signs and words to demonstrate that they were trained masons when they moved from site to site.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 15 In the 1600s, these operative lodges began to accept non- operatives as "gentlemen masons". Gradually these non-operative took over the lodges and turned them from operative to 'free and accepted' or 'speculative' lodges. The other theory is that in the late 1500s and early 1600s, there was a group which was interested in the promotion of religious and political tolerance in an age of great intolerance when differences of opinion on matters of religion and politics were to lead to bloody civil war. In forming Freemasonry, they were trying to make better men and build a better world. As the means of teaching in those days was by allegory and symbolism, they took the idea of building as the central allegory on which to form their system.

The main source of allegory was the Bible, the contents of which were known to everyone even if they could not read, and the only building described in detail in the Bible was King Solomon's Temple, which became the basis of the ritual. The old trade guilds provided them with their basis administration of a Master, Wardens, Treasurer and Secretary, and the operative mason's tools provided them with a wealth of symbols with which to illustrate the moral teachings of Freemasonry.

Q How many degrees are there in Freemasonry ? A Basic Freemasonry consists of the three 'Craft' degrees (Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason) completed by the Royal Arch degree (). There are many other Masonic degrees and Orders which are called 'additional' because they add to the basis of the Craft and Royal Arch. They are not basic to Freemasonry but add to it by further expounding and illustrating the principles stated in the Craft and Royal Arch. Some of these additional degrees are numerically superior to the third degree but this does not affect the fact that they are additional to and not in anyway superior to or higher than the Craft. The ranks that these additional degrees carry have no standing with the Craft or Royal Arch.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 16 Q What happens at a lodge meeting? A The meeting is in two parts. As in any association there is a certain amount of administrative procedure - minutes of last meeting, proposing and balloting for new members, discussing and voting on financial matters, election of officers, news and correspondence. Then there are the ceremonies for admitting new Masons and the annual installation of the Master and appointment of officers. The three ceremonies for admitting a new Mason are in two parts - a slight dramatic instruction in the principles and lessons taught in the Craft followed by a lecture in which the candidate's various duties are spelled out.

Q Isn't ritual out of place in modern society? A No. The ritual is a shared experience which binds the members together. Its use of drama, allegory and symbolism impresses the principles and teachings more firmly in the mind of each candidate than if they were simply passed on to him in matter-of-fact modern language.

Q Why do grown men run around with their trousers rolled up? A It is true that candidates have to roll up their trouser legs during the three ceremonies when they are being admitted to membership. Taken out of context, this can seem amusing, but like many other aspects of Freemasonry, it has a symbolic meaning.

Q Why do you wear regalia? A Wearing regalia is historical and symbolic and, like a uniform, serves to indicate to members where they rank in the organisation.

Q How much does it cost to be a Freemason? A It varies from lodge to lodge but anyone wishing to join can find a lodge to suit his pocket. On entry, there is an initiation fee and an apron to buy. A member pays an annual subscription to his lodge which covers his membership and the administrative cost of running the lodge. It is usual to have a meal after the meeting; the

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 17 cost of this can be included either in the annual subscription or paid for at the time. It is entirely up to the individual member what he gives to Charity, but it should always be without detriment to his other responsibilities. Similarly, he may join as many lodges as his time and pocket can allow as long as it does not adversely affect his family life and responsibilities.

Q Why are you a secret society? A We are not, but lodge meetings, like those of many other groups, are private and open only to members. The rules and aims of Freemasonry are available to the public. Meeting places are known and in many areas are used by the local community for activities other than Freemasonry. Members are encouraged to speak openly about Freemasonry.

Q What are the secrets of Freemasonry? A The secrets in Freemasonry are the traditional modes of recognition which are not used indiscriminately, but solely as a test of membership, e.g. when visiting a Lodge where you are not known.

Q Why do Freemasons take oaths? A New members make solemn promises concerning their conduct in Lodge and in society. Each member also promises to keep confidential the traditional methods of proving that he is a Freemason which he would use when visiting a lodge where he is not known. Freemasons do not swear allegiances to each other or to Freemasonry. Freemasons promise to support others in times of need, but only if that support does not conflict with their duties to God, the law, their family or with their responsibilities as a Citizen.

Q Why do your 'obligations' contain hideous penalties? A They no longer do. When Masonic ritual was developing in the late 1600s and 1700s it was quite common for legal and civil oaths to include physical penalties and Freemasonry simply followed the practice of the times. In Freemasonry, however, the physical

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 18 penalties were always symbolic and were never carried out. After long discussion, they were removed from the promises in 1986.

Q Are Freemasons expected to prefer fellow Masons at the expense of others in giving jobs, promotions, contracts and the like? A Absolutely not. That would be a misuse of membership and subject to Masonic discipline. On his entry into Freemasonry each candidate states unequivocally that he expects no material gain from his membership. At various stages during the three ceremonies of his admission and when he is presented with a certificate from Grand Lodge that the admission ceremonies have been completed, he is forcefully reminded that attempts to gain preferment or material gain for himself or others is a misuse of membership which will not be tolerated. The Book of Constitutions, which every candidate receives, contains strict rules governing abuse of membership which can result in penalties varying from temporary suspension to expulsion.

Q Isn't it true that Freemasons only look after each other? A No. From its earliest days, Freemasonry has been involved in charitable activities. Since its inception, Freemasonry has provided support not only for widows and orphans of Freemasons but also for many others within the community. Whilst some Masonic charities cater specifically but not exclusively for Masons or their dependents, others make significant grants to non-Masonic organisations. On a local level, lodges give substantial support to local causes.

Q Aren't you a religion or a rival to religion? A Emphatically not. Freemasonry requires a belief in God and its principles are common to many of the world's great religions. Freemasonry does not try to replace religion or substitute for it. Every candidate is exhorted to practise his religion and to regard its holy book as the unerring standard of truth. Freemasonry does not instruct its members in what their religious beliefs should be,

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 19 nor does it offer sacraments. Freemasonry deals in relations between men; religion deals in a man's relationship with his God.

Q Why do you call it the VSL and not the Bible? A To the majority of Freemasons the Volume of the sacred Law is the Bible. There are many in Freemasonry, however, who are not Christian and to them the Bible is not their sacred book and they will make their promises on the book which is regarded as sacred to their religion. The Bible will always be present in an English lodge but as the organisation welcomes men of many different faiths, it is called the Volume of the Sacred Law. Thus, when the Volume of the Sacred Law is referred to in ceremonies, to a non- Christian it will be the holy book of his religion and to a Christian it will be the Bible.

Q Why do you call God the Great Architect? A Freemasonry embraces all men who believe in God. Its membership includes Christians, Jews, Hindus, Sikhs, Muslims, Parsees and others. The use of descriptions such as the Great Architect prevents disharmony. The Great Architect is not a specific Masonic god or an attempt to combine all gods into one. Thus, men of differing religions pray together without offence being given to any of them.

Q Why don't some churches like Freemasonry? A There are elements within certain churches who misunderstand Freemasonry and confuse secular rituals with religious liturgy. Although the Methodist Conference and the General Synod of the Anglican Church have occasionally criticised Freemasonry, in both Churches there are many Masons and indeed others who are dismayed that the Churches should attack Freemasonry, an organisation which has always encouraged its members to be active in their own religion.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 20 Q Why will Freemasonry not accept Roman Catholics as members? A It does. The prime qualification for admission into Freemasonry has always been a belief in God. How that belief is expressed is entirely up to the individual. Four Grand Masters of English Freemasonry have been Roman Catholics. There are many Roman Catholic Freemasons.

Q Isn't Freemasonry just another political pressure group? A Emphatically not. Whilst individual Freemasons will have their own views on politics and state policy, Freemasonry as a body will never express a view on either. The discussion of politics at Masonic meetings has always been prohibited.

Q Are there not Masonic groups who are involved in politics? A There are groups in other countries who call themselves Freemasons and who involve themselves in political matters. They are not recognised or countenanced by the United Grand Lodge of England and other regular Grand Lodges who follow the basic principles of Freemasonry and ban the discussion of politics and religion at their meetings.

Q Why don't you have women members? A Traditionally, Freemasonry under the United Grand Lodge of England has been restricted to men. The early stonemasons were all male, and when Freemasonry was organising, the position of women in society was different from today. If women wish to join Freemasonry, there are two separate Grand Lodges in England restricted to women only.

Q What is the relationship between Freemasonry and groups like the Orange , Odd and Buffaloes? A None. There are numerous fraternal orders and Friendly Societies whose rituals, regalia and organisation are similar in some respects to Freemasonry's. They have no formal or informal connections with Freemasonry.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 21 Q Is Freemasonry an international Order? A Only in the sense that Freemasonry exists throughout the free world. Each Grand Lodge is sovereign and independent, and whilst following the same basic principles, may have differing ways of passing them on. There is no international governing body for Freemasonry.

FREEMASONRY IN BERKSHIRE.

English Freemasonry’s governing body is the United Grand Lodge of England. For administrative purposes, the country is divided into the London area and 47 “Provinces”, of which the Masonic Province of Berkshire is one. This includes most of the county of Berkshire and some parts of what is now Oxfordshire. The headquarters of Berkshire masonry is at Sindlesham, near Reading. As well as being the administrative centre, this is also the meeting place for over 48 lodges. Many lodges meet in other locations. Faringdon, Newbury, Pangbourne, Wallingford, Wantage, Windsor, and Wokingham all have Masonic centres. In other locations such as Abingdon, Cookham, Maidenhead, etc., other premises are used. Many of the Masonic centres hold open days for the public to see the lodge rooms and engage in discussion. In all there are 95 Lodges in the Masonic Province of Berkshire, with a total membership of about 3000.

In addition to the lodge structure, there are sporting associations for golf, bowls, fishing and other country sports. There are various study groups, libraries, a museum and programmes of entertainment for ladies, such as lodge Ladies nights, gala evenings and talks or visits. Speakers are available to address meetings about Freemasonry.

Lord Harris Court is a home at Sindlesham for some 85 elderly masons, wives, widows or close dependent relatives. It is

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 22 registered as a residential and nursing home and was opened in 1973.

Information contact details; The Berkshire Provincial Grand Lodge has a web site at www.berkspgl.org.uk which is open to those with an internet connection and from which many other Masonic Internet sites can be accessed.

For more general Masonic information contact the Provincial Grand Secretary on 0118 978625 or fax on 0118 9787791, or email on [email protected].

For the Library or research queries contact the Librarian and Curator on 0118 9795104 or fax 0118 9773751, email [email protected] .

The address for each is: Berkshire Masonic centre, Mole Road, Sindlesham, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 5DB.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 23 STILL INTERESTED?

It is hoped that you have found the content of this booklet helpful as an introduction to English Freemasonry, of course there is much to know, of which there are many sources which you can research. So if you are still interested, then why not make contact with your Proposer, or as suggested in this booklet on page 2. You will then be helped and guided hopefully to take the first steps to becoming an English Freemason.

We really look forward to meeting you.

RWBro. Martin Peters. Provincial Grand Master of Berkshire

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 24 Part 1A - Getting to know about Freemasonry

Section 2 FREEMASONRY AND SOCIETY

Introduction This text is intended to expand a topic mentioned in the leaflet 'What is Freemasonry'. It explains the United Grand Lodge of England's view on Freemasonry and Society.

Grand Lodge's Policy It must be clearly understood by every member of the Craft that his membership does not in any way exempt him from his duty to meet his responsibilities to the society in which he lives. The Charge to the new Initiate call on him to be exemplary in the discharge of his civil duties; this duty extends throughout his private, public, business or professional life.

Respect for the Law Freemasonry demands from its members a respect for the law of any country in which a man may work and live.

Principles The principles of Freemasonry do not in any way conflict with its members' duties as citizens, whether at work or at home or in public life, but on the contrary should strengthen them in fulfilling their public and private responsibilities. Thus there is no conflict of interest between a Freemason's obligation and his public duty. If an actual or potential conflict of duties or interests is known to exist or is foreseen, a declaration to that effect should be made. It may on occasions be prudent to disclose membership to avoid what others mistakenly imagine to be a potential conflict or bias, but this must be a matter for individual judgement.

Use of Membership A Freemason must not use his membership to promote his own or anyone else's business, professional or personal interests. This is

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 25 made clear directly or by inference several times during a Freemason's early career so that no Freemason can pretend to be ignorant of it. A Freemason who transgresses this rule may be suspended from Masonic activities or even expelled.

Family Freemasonry should not be allowed to harm a man's family or other connections by taking too much of his time or his money, or causing him to act in any way against their interests.

Duty as a Citizen A Freemason's duty as a citizen must always prevail over any obligation to other Freemasons, and any attempt to shield a Freemason who as acted dishonourably or unlawfully, or to confer an unfair advantage on another Freemason is contrary to this prime duty.

Personal or Business Difficulties If it could be proved by evidence that any personal failure or business difficulty was attributable to 'Masonic influence', Masonic authority would take a serious view of the fact, as this would be contrary to the principles of Freemasonry.

Secrecy Freemasonry is not a secret society. Like many other societies, it regards some of its internal affairs as private matters for its members: a-There is no secret about its aims and principles. Copies of the constitutions and rules can be obtained from Freemasons' Hall by interested members of the public. b-The 'secrets' of Freemasonry are concerned with its traditional modes of recognition. Its ceremonies are private. c-In ordinary conversation there is very little about Freemasonry that may not be discussed. On enquiry for acceptable reasons, Freemasons are free and will be proud to acknowledge their own membership.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 26 FREEMASONRY AND RELIGION Introduction

The following information is intended to deal with a topic mentioned in the leaflet 'What is Freemasonry'.

It explains the United Grand Lodge of England's view of the relationship between Freemasonry and religion.

Basic Statement Freemasonry is not a religion, nor is it a substitute for religion. It demands of its members a belief in a Supreme Being but provides no system of faith of its own. Freemasonry is open to men of all religious faiths. The discussion of religion at its meetings is forbidden.

The Supreme Being The names used for the Supreme Being enable men of different faiths to join in prayer (to God as each sees Him) without the terms of the prayer causing dissention among them. There is no separate Masonic God; a Freemason's God remains the God of the religion he professes. Freemasons meet in common respect for the Supreme Being, but He remains Supreme in their individual religions, and it is no part of Freemasonry to attempt to join religions together. There is therefore no composite Masonic God.

Volume of the Sacred Law The Bible, referred to by Freemasons as the Volume of the Sacred Law, is always open at every Masonic meeting.

The Obligation of Freemasonry The Obligations taken by Freemasons are sworn on or involve the Volume of the Sacred Law, or the book held sacred by those concerned. They are undertakings to help keep secret a Freemason's means of recognition, and to follow the principles of Freemasonry.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 27 The physical penalties, which are purely symbolic, do not form part of an Obligation. The commitment to follow the principles of Freemasonry is, however, deep.

Freemasonry Compared with Religion Freemasonry lacks the basic elements of religion. a) it has no theological doctrine, and by forbidding religious discussion at its meetings will not allow a Masonic theological doctrine to develop. b) It offers no sacraments. c) It does not claim to lead to salvation by works, by secret knowledge or by any other means. The secrets of Freemasonry are concerned with modes of recognition and not with salvation.

Freemasonry Supports Religion Freemasonry is far from indifferent to religion. Without interfering in religious practice it expects each member to follow his own faith, and to place above all other duties his duty to God, by whatever name He is known. Its moral teachings are acceptable to all religions. Freemasonry is thus a supporter of religion

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 28 FREEMASONRY'S EXTERNAL RELATIONS

Introduction The following information is intended to expand a topic mentioned in the leaflet 'What is Freemasonry'. It explains the United Grand Lodge of England's relations with other Masonic bodies.

Freemasonry is practised under many independent Grand Lodges with principles or standards similar to those set by the United Grand Lodge of England throughout its history.

Standards To be recognised as regular by the United Grand Lodge of England, a Grand Lodge must meet the following standards;

 It must have been lawfully established by a regular Grand Lodge or by three or more private Lodges, each warranted by a regular Grand Lodge.  It must be truly independent and self-governing, with undisputed authority over Craft - or basic - Freemasonry (i.e. the symbolic degrees of Entered Apprentice, Fellow Craft and Master Mason) within its jurisdiction and not subject in any other way to or sharing power with any other Masonic body.  Freemasons under its jurisdiction must be men, and it and its Lodges must have no Masonic contact with Lodges which admit women to membership.  Freemasons under its jurisdiction must believe in a Supreme Being.  All Freemasons under its jurisdiction must take their Obligations on, or in full view of the Volume of the Sacred Law (i.e. the Bible) or the book held sacred by the man concerned.  The three 'Great Lights' of Freemasonry, (i.e. the Volume of the Sacred Law, the square and the Compasses) must be on display when the Grand Lodge or its subordinate Lodges are open.  The discussion of religion and politics within its Lodges must be prohibited. JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 29 It must adhere to the established principles and tenets (the 'Ancient Landmarks') and customs of the Craft, and insist on their being observed within its Lodges.

Irregular and Unrecognised Grand Lodges There are some self-styled Masonic bodies that do not meet these standards, e.g. which do not require a belief in a Supreme Being, or which allow or encourage their members to participate as such in political matters. These bodies are recognised by the Grand Lodge of England as being Masonically irregular, and Masonic contact with them is forbidden.

BRITISH FREEMASONS While Freemasons come from all walks of life, the roll call of famous Masons is astounding. You can find a list of these famous Freemasons on the Grand Lodge website www.ugle.org.uk

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 30 REGULAR FREEMASONRY AND PUBLIC AFFAIRS

Introduction The text “Freemasonry’s External Relations” available on the United Grand Lodge of England ('Grand Lodge') website www.ugle.org.uk., explains relations between the Grand Lodge and other Masonic bodies. It shows what constitutes Masonic regularity. The following text examines the attitude of regular Freemasonry to public affairs.

Regularity The basic principles or rules governing the recognition of a Grand Lodge as regular were codified by Grand Lodge and the Grand Lodges of Ireland and Scotland (the 'Home Grand Lodges') in 1929. They include a requirement that the 'discussion of religion and politics within the Lodge shall be strictly prohibited'. The phrase 'within the Lodge' should not be interpreted narrowly but extends to Masonic circumstances generally, and must be read in the light of paragraph 6 of Aims and Relationships of the Craft.

Aims and Relationships of the Craft The aims and relationships of the Craft (i.e. Freemasonry as practised under a Grand Lodge) have been explained from time to time in the Press in the British Isles, particularly in formal statements (in identical terms except for national names) issued by the Home Grand Lodges in 1938. Relevant paragraphs of Grand Lodge's statements are as follows:

Para 6 - While English Freemasonry thus inculcates in each of its members the duties of loyalty and citizenship, it reserves to the individual the right to hold his own opinion with regard to public affairs. But neither in any Lodge, nor at any time in his capacity as a Freemason, is he permitted to discuss or to advance his views on theological or political questions.

JONM.Stg.1A./Sept/14 31 Para 7 - The Grand Lodge has always consistently refused to express any opinion on questions of foreign or domestic State policy either at home or abroad, and it will not allow its name to be associated with any action, however humanitarian it may appear to be, which infringes its unalterable policy of standing aloof from every question affecting the relations between political parties, or questions as to rival theories of government.'

Para 8 - The Grand Lodge is aware that there do exist bodies, styling themselves Freemasons, which do not adhere to these principles, and while that attitude exists the Grand Lodge of England refuses absolutely to have any relations with such bodies, or to regard them as Freemasons. In 1949 the Home Grand Lodges formally confirmed that they stood by their statements, particularly paragraph 7. Their opinion has not changed.

Public Affairs The basic principles and the statement of Freemasonry's aims show that the rule that forbids Masonic discussion of politics is designed to prevent regular Freemasonry becoming involved in any way in affairs of State, whether they are domestic or external. Great care must be taken to ensure that nothing is done that might allow it even to seem to be so involved. Grand Lodges which ignore these principles are not conducting themselves regularly and cannot expect to be or to remain recognised.

References The full 'basic principles' and the statement on the aims and relationships of the Craft are printed in Grand Lodge's Book of Constitutions and Masonic Year Book. Basic principles are re-stated in Grand Lodge's leaflet ‘Freemasonry’s External Relations’.

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Copies of this publication are available from the:

The Provincial Grand Secretary's office at Sindlesham Masonic Centre, Mole Road. Sindlesham, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG41 5DB Tel: 0118 9787625

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