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Home , Bageshwar, Bajpur, Banbasa, Bhowali, Chamoli Gopeshwar, Doiwala

Urban Status and opportunities

Gangotri in septage management H!

Barkot H! H!Uttarkashi H! H! H! H! Chamoli H! H! Tehri arhwal Tehri H! H! H! Rudraprayag Gochar H! H! Chamba Nandprayag Dehradun H! H! H! H!H! DoiwalaH! Devaprayag Srinagar H!H!Jonk H! H! Narendranagar H! H! Bhavgwanpur H! H! arhwal Bageshwar H! Dogadda H! Haridwar H! H! H! H! H! H! H! H! H! Kotdwara Almora Pithoragarh H! H! 78% septage remains ainital Ramnagar untreated in Uttarakhand Bhimtaal H! NainitalH! H! H! and disposed off without any Kaladugi H! H! H! H! Mahuvadavara H! Kashipur treatement endangering the H! Sultanpur Patti H! Champawat H! 0 - 25% H! H! H! natural environment as well H! 25 - 50% H! H! H! as human health. Kelakhera H!H! RudrapurH! H! 50 - 75% H! H! UdhamH! Singh H!agar H! 75 - 100% H! Kumaun Region Percentage of urban households in Uttarakhand Garwal Region having onsite sanitation systems (septic tanks/pit latrines)

Faecal sludge Total STP e Challenges Urban generationd capacity populationa . Smaller towns are 722 KLD completely dependent on 30.5 lakhs 288 MLD septic tanks (30.2% of total . population of state) Limited service provisions Current treatment Utilised for desludging septic tanks through STPs d STP capacity e . Limited land availability Urban for setting up septage b local bodies 116 MLD treatment facility 158 KLD (60% unutilised) (22%) 90 . Laying of sewer lines Nagar Nigam (8) in the towns at higher Nagar Palika Parishad (41) altitude with steep Nagar Panchayat (41) gradient

. Lack of financial resources Septage No. of Except Tehri Garhwal within the ULBs generation ULBs Percent and Haridwar which hilly areac Below 4 KLD 53 have high piped sewer 4 to 10 KLD 22 coverage, all other districts are largely 86% 10 to 50 KLD 12 9 out of 13 districts are hilly served by septic tanks Above 50 KLD 3 and pose a significant challenge to Septage Management

MLD - Million Litre Per day KLD- Kilo Litre Per day Source: a. GOI (2011). Census of 2011. Household Table. Registrar General and Census Commissioner of India, Ministry of Home Affairs, New , India. b. Directorate, Government Of Uttarakhand, http://udd.uk.gov.in/, 2018. c. State Horticulture Mission, Government of Uttarakhand, http://shm.uk.gov.in/pages/display/6-state-profile, 2019 d. Total faecal sludge generation was calculated by multiplying population of all households as on 2018 with 76.25 - the faecal sludge generated in litres/capita/year (as per ISO:2470).e. Uttarakhand Peyjal Nigam and Jal Sansthan data. SewageTreatment Plants (STPs), Uttarakhand, 2018

Gyanshu – 2 MLD (100%)

Gangotri – 1 MLD (10%)

Kurli – 0.9 MLD (0%) Landhor North – 0.8 MLD (0)% Pithoragarh – 5 MLD (50%) Happy Valley – 1.2 MLD (0%) Landhor South – 1.3 MLD (0%) Bhatta Gaon – 3.12 MLD (0%) h d Ja

Gangotri Uttarkashi .! a Kargi – 68 MLD (16%) g n a G Motharawala I – 20 MLD (60%) i Ass Alakn Indranagar – 5 MLD (20%) a and n a Uttarkashi a g n a Badrinath Dhauliganga Jakhan doon Vihar – 1 MLD (30%) il .! ! Rudraprayag Alaknan . da Bh

a Salawala – 0.71 MLD (42.25%) g Bh n i a a in k ig g a JoshinathR l i d i u Vijay Colony – 0.42 MLD (71.43%) ra n s a h a t Ma d ig h h n D i a

i a ! . n

n kn g Motharawala I – 20 MLD (25%) Mussoorie i a a

k Al

a d

.! Tehri n Chamoli a M .! Dehradun .! .! Tehri Garhwal Rudra Prayag Gopeshwar Dehradun Bh Ga .! nga a .! Karan Prayag g ira .! t Srinagar h Devaprayag i li .! Ka Pi nd Pithoragarh a Pin ! r dar .Rishikesh Jagjeetpur I –18 mld (100%) Haridwar Bageshwar Jagjeetpur II – 27 mld (100%) Ranipur .!.! Pauri Sarai – 18 mld (100%) Garhwal Haridwar

Almora .!Almora Pith.!oragarh

Ramnagar Swargashram – 3 MLD (87%) .! .! Tapovan – 3.5 MLD (20%) Nainital Champawat Kashipur Lakharghat – 6 MLD (100%) Haldwani-cum- .! .! Bamini Area – 0.26 MLD (84.62%)

Tehri – 5 MLD (24%) Bah Bazaar – 1.4 MLD (5%) Udham Singh Nagar Bukh – 2 MLD (84%)

Devprayag –1.4 MLD (21.43%) – 0.15 MLD (86%) Russi Village –10 MLD (70%) Devprayag – 0.75 MLD (0%) Hari Nagar – 0.45 MLD (44%) Krisnapur – 0.8 MLD (41%) – 1.25 MLD (66%) Srinagar – 3.5 MLD (37%) Srinagar – 1 MLD (30%) Legend .! NMCG Town .! *Kashipur – 18 MLD (0%) Statutory City/Town *Haldwani – 28 MLD (0%) Ganga River * STPs toD ibestr icommissoinedct Boundary *Ramnagar – 7 MLD (0%) *Ramnagar – 1.5 MLD (0%) Figures Uinp bracketper Gan gdenotea Catc percentagehment (Utta rutilisationakhand)

Note: STPs highlighted in blue shows higher potential for co-treatment of septage due to under utilized STPs.

 80% of Uttarakhand's total sewage treatment plant capacity caters to Dehradun, Rishikesh and Haridwar  9 citites mentioned below could explore co-treatment of septage at sewage treatment plant  6 cities could treat their septage via septage treatment plant  55 towns with septage generation less than 4 KLD need alternative septage treatment solution

Septage generation in various towns of Uttarakhand

180 170

160

140 125 120

100

80

59 60 53 39 40 37

Generation of Faecal Sludge (KLD) 22 20 16 14 12 11 9 7 6 5 0 Dehradun Rudrapur Haldwani Haridwar Roorkee Kashipur Rishikesh Kicha Pittoragarh Jaspur Nanital Srinagar Mussoorie Tehri Cities

Potential to treat septage via co-treatment as towns have existing STP Potential to treat septage at Septage Treatment Plant Objectives of treatment To reduce the pathogens to a safe level or to recover resources from the septage.

Dewatering Stabilization Nutrient Management Pathogen Reduction

N P K

Dewatering reduces the Septage contains organic Septage contains Key objective of septage weight and volume of material, which are nutrients like N,P,K which treatment is pathogen septage making it easier, beneficial for plants and are essential for plant reduction to protect public cheaper, and safer to hence needs to be stabilized growth. Therefore septage health. Level of pathogen manage should be transformed reduction depends on final through treatment for use/disposal further use

Treatment options for Septage in Uttarakhand The diagram depicts how septage can be treated in ways that are best suitable for the context of Uttarakhand.

Septage Co-treatment at STP Treatment at SeTP

Mechanised Mechanised Non-Mechanised Towns with STPs should Bukh – 2 MLD (84%) • Land and topography • Land availibility adopt co-treatment of constraint • Flat region septage with mechanized • High water table • Low water table Russi Village –10 MLD (70%) solid-liquid separation as Hari Nagar – 0.45 MLD (44%) • Weather constraint Krisnapur – 0.8 MLD (41%) preliminary treatment unit Bhimtal – 1.25 MLD (66%)

*Haldwani – 28 MLD (0%) Septage Treatment Plant (SeTP) Re-use Sludge drying bed (Oragnic Manure) Solids

Sedimentation unit / mechanised solid-liquid seperator

Anaerobic Oxidation Clean baffled reactor Pond/ UV treatment effluent Septage Liquids

Co-treatment at STP

Sludge drying bed (STP) Solids

Mechanised solid-liquid seperator

Primary settlement tank

Liquids Operationalising septage management in Uttarakhand

 Protocol for septage management notified in May 2017  State septage management committee (NIUA supported) established in August 2019

State Level Advisory Body/ State Septage Management Committee

State Septage Management Technical Guidance on Co-treatment, Committee SeTPs & Deep Row Entrenchment Assessment . Secretary, UDD: Chair Septage Protocol Rollout to ULBs/Parastatal . Secretary, Peyjal Uttarakhand : Co-chair Implementation . Director, UDD Investment Plan . Managing Director, Peyjal Nigam . Chief General Manager, Jal Sansthan . NIUA representative Capacity Building Approach

District Level Monitoring Committee

Septage Management Cell at ULB level

 Executive body at ULB level for implementation  Ensures the septage/effluent from individual or common septic tank and bio-digester is collected and appropriately treated before its safe disposal  Power to impose penalty to individual, government body or private entrepreneur to enforce the protocol  Identification and registration of individual septic tanks, community septic tanks and bio-digesters

Protocol for Septage Management

Provides regulatory framework for construction, routine maintenance of septic tanks and bio digesters; transportation, treatment and safe disposal of septage

Prescribes the actions to be taken by the owners of the premises connected to septic tanks/bio-digesters and septage transporters to ensure compliance with their obligations

Provide for appropriate inspection and enforcement mechanisms

` Ensure cost recovery on a sustainable basis for proper septage management

Facilitate participation of private and non-government sector in septage management

Septage Treatment Potential via Co-treatment at STPs and SeTPs in Uttarakhand

. Out of 722 KLD of septage generated only 158 KLD is currently treated . Unused STP capacity can be used to treat faecal Treatment through Treatment 36% Co-treatment at STPs sludge/septage which will increase the treatment through SeTPs 39% coverage by 25-30% taking the treatment coverage to 286 KLD in Uttarakhand . Treatment of septage via SeTPs will futher 25% increase the treatment capacity in Uttarakhand by 260 KLD (36%)

Untreated septage

National Institute of Urban Affairs 1st Floor, Core 4B, India Habitat Centre, Lodhi Road, - 110003

Sanitation Capacity Phone: 011-24617517, 24617543, 24617595, Fax: 011-24617513 Building Platform E-mail: [email protected] • Website: www.niua.org, scbp.niua.org