DOCSLIB.ORG

Socio-Spatial Organization and Kin Structure in Ocelots from Integration of Camera Trapping and Noninvasive Genetics

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Socio-Spatial Organization and Kin Structure in Ocelots from Integration of Camera Trapping and Noninvasive Genetics Journal of Mammalogy, 96(1):120–128, 2015 DOI:10.1093/jmamma/gyu012 Socio-spatial organization and kin structure in ocelots from integration of camera trapping and noninvasive genetics Torrey W. Rodgers,* Jacalyn Giacalone, Edward J. Heske, Jan E. JaneČka, Patrick A. Jansen, Christopher A. Phillips, and Robert L. Schooley Department of Animal Biology, University of Illinois, 505 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA (TWR, EJH) Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 0843-03092 Balboa, Ancon, Panama (TWR, JG, PAJ) Montclair State University, 1 Normal Avenue, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA (JG) Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL 61801, USA (RLS) Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, 600 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15282, USA (JEJ) Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University and Research Centre, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands (PAJ) Illinois Natural History Survey, Prairie Research Institute, University of Illinois, 1816 S. Oak, Champaign, IL 61820, USA (EJH, CAP) * Correspondent: [email protected] Kin selection theory predicts that under certain conditions animals will tolerate related individuals in their home ranges. We examined the relationship between spatiotemporal overlap and genetic relatedness in ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) to determine if kin selection plays a role in structuring ocelot populations. We used 3 years of camera trapping to examine the spatial organization of an ocelot population on Barro Colorado Island in Panama. We also placed camera traps on ocelot latrines to match photographs of individual ocelots with microsatellite genotypes from feces. Strengths of spatiotemporal overlap between individual ocelots were calculated using a half-weight association index based on how often individuals were photographed at the same camera within 30 days of one another. We calculated relatedness between individuals based on 11 variable microsatellite loci. Male ocelots overlapped with ≤ 11 females, and females overlapped with ≤ 7 males. We detected no clear evidence of strict intersexual territoriality in either sex. Mean overlap among males was more than 5 times greater than overlap among females; however, spatiotemporal overlap was strong between some female pairs. Overall, overlapping individuals were more related to one another than was the sample population as a whole, consistent with the hypothesis that kin selection influences ocelot spatial organization. This finding was driven by relatedness among overlapping females, and by relatedness among overlapping individuals of opposite sex, but not by overlapping males. Key words: Barro Colorado Island, genetic relatedness, Leopardus pardalis, ocelot, space-use overlap, spatial organization © 2015 American Society of Mammalogists, www.mammalogy.org Space use by individual animals is dictated by the need to overlap in their use of space (Davies and Houston 1984). At acquire the resources necessary to maximize fitness such as low population density the cost of territoriality may be low food, mates, or den sites. Consequently, the spatial organization because there will be few competitors from which a home of individuals at the population level is determined by intraspe- range must be defended. At high population density, however, cific competition for these resources, as well as by the abundance the cost of defending a territory from many competitors may and dispersion of the resources themselves (Clutton-Brock be high, resulting in overlap in space use among individuals. and Harvey 1978; Macdonald 1983; Sandell 1989; Nicholson The amount of overlap may in turn be determined by the dis- et al. 2011; Lührs and Kappeler 2013). If the fitness benefits persion of resources in the environment. If resources are het- of defending these resources outweigh the costs, then animals erogeneously distributed in the environment as is common in will defend exclusive territories. Conversely, if the fitness costs most natural systems (Johnson et al. 2002), then when condi- of territory defense outweigh the benefits, individuals should tions are favorable, multiple individuals may share resources 120 RODGERS ET AL.—OCELOT SPATIAL ORGANIZATION 121 within a given area at little cost to each other (i.e., the resource We had 2 goals in this study. First, we investigated patterns dispersion hypothesis—Macdonald 1983; Carr and Macdonald of intersexual and intrasexual overlap between individuals to 1986). This outcome does not negate all competition between gain insight into spatial organization of ocelots in a high-den- individuals that overlap however, especially during times of sity population. We hypothesized that ocelots would overlap in resource shortage (Johnson et al. 2002). their use of space both between and within each sex and would If individuals overlap in their space use and are competing not defend territories because of the high cost of defending a for shared resources, one mechanism that could minimize fit- home range from many competitors at high population density. ness costs due to competition is kin selection. Kin selection the- To test this hypothesis, we conducted a camera-trap study of ory predicts that organisms will be more tolerant of competition the ocelot population on Barro Colorado Island for 3 years. from relatives than from unrelated individuals because when Camera trapping enabled us to sample the entire adult popula- relatives share limited resources, inclusive fitness benefits off- tion in our study area throughout the study period, which would set the individual fitness costs of competition (Hamilton 1964; have been logistically unfeasible with radiotelemetry. To our Wade and Breden 1987). Female philopatry and male disper- knowledge, this is the 1st study to examine overlap in space use sal are typical among mammals (Greenwood 1980) including in a carnivore species with camera trapping. solitary carnivores (Waser and Jones 1983), thus relatedness Second, we evaluated whether kin structure was evident among individuals sharing space is often higher among females within the population to determine if genetic relatedness plays than among males. Relationships between spatial overlap and a role in structuring ocelot spatial organization. Space use for genetic relatedness have been investigated for many mammals females is most strongly tied to allocation of resources neces- including carnivores (Kitchen et al. 2005; Moyer et al. 2006; sary for rearing offspring, whereas for males, the most impor- Nicholson et al. 2011); however, such relationships for small tant resource is likely access to females (Clutton-Brock and solitary felids are poorly understood and seldom investigated Harvey 1978; Sandell 1989). We hypothesized that for both (but see Janečka et al. 2006) because solitary carnivores are sexes inclusive fitness benefits can reduce costs of sharing these generally elusive, and are thus difficult to study in the wild. resources with overlapping individuals. As a result, individuals By integrating 2 noninvasive techniques, we developed a should be more tolerant of sharing space and resources with novel approach to gain new insight into this relationship for a relatives than with nonrelatives. Therefore, we predicted that solitary felid. individuals of the same sex that overlap in their use of space We examined the relationship between spatiotemporal over- would be more closely related than individuals of the same sex lap and genetic relatedness in an ocelot (Leopardus pardalis) in the population as a whole. Finally, we hypothesized that indi- population to determine if spatial structure was consistent with viduals would avoid overlapping with relatives of the opposite predictions arising from kin selection theory. We worked on sex to avoid inbreeding (Pusey 1987). Therefore, we predicted Barro Colorado Island, an island in the Panama Canal that offers that relatedness between males and females that overlap with a unique opportunity to investigate this relationship because it one another would be low. To test these predictions, we used a has the highest ocelot density ever reported (> 1.5 individuals/ novel approach that integrated camera trapping with noninva- km2—Rodgers et al. 2014), likely due to an abundant prey base, sive genetics. and release from competition from larger predators (Moreno et al. 2006). Studying such a population is particularly interest- ing because it provides insight into the dynamics and flexibility Materials and Methods of socio-spatial organization at one extreme of the popula- Study site.—Field work was conducted on Barro Colorado tion density spectrum. Ocelots, like most felids, are typically Island, a 1,543-ha island in the Panama Canal waterway, at a described as solitary and territorial (Sunquist and Sunquist research station operated by the Smithsonian Tropical Research 2002); however, reported patterns of spatial overlap between Institute (Fig. 1). Barro Colorado Island (9°10′N, 79°51′W) sits individuals vary. As is the norm for most carnivore species within Gatun Lake, an artificial body of water created in 1912 by (Sandell 1989), all ocelot studies report intersexual overlap in the damming of the Chagres River to create the Panama Canal, which males overlap with several females. As for intrasexual and is part of the protected 54-km2 Barro Colorado Nature overlap, studies have reported that both female and male oce- Monument. Vegetation is tropical moist forest, and topography lots maintain exclusive
Load more

Recommended publications
  • New! Caribbean to Cloud Forest Itinerary Plus Pristine Wildness & a Unique Canal Transit with Complimentary 2-Night Stay in Panama
    COSTA RICA AND THE PANAMA CANAL NEW! CARIBBEAN TO CLOUD FOREST ITINERARY PLUS PRISTINE WILDNESS & A UNIQUE CANAL TRANSIT WITH COMPLIMENTARY 2-NIGHT STAY IN PANAMA ABOARD THE NEWLY RESTYLED & RENOVATED NATIONAL GEOGRAPHIC SEA LION | 2015-16 TM As astonishing as the photos in National Geographic. And an exhilarating life adventure: A Lindblad-National Geographic Expedition TM Lindblad Expeditions and National Geographic have joined forces to further inspire the world through expedition travel. Our collaboration in exploration, research, technology and conservation will provide extraordinary travel experi- ences and disseminate geographic knowledge around the globe. VOYAGE EXCLUSIVE: August 2014 marked the start of the Panama Canal Centennial. We celebrate by extending an invitation to you: Be our guest on select departures for a two-day stay in Panama City! Find details on pages 6 and 24. Dear Traveler, The Panama Canal is still celebrating its 100th anniversary. And I can think of no better way to appreciate this feat of engineering and labor than by standing on deck of the National Geographic Sea Lion and watching the locks in action, keeping a lookout for wildlife as we transit the 48-mile stretch. The Canal, which effectively connects more than 144 shipping routes, 1,700 ports, and 160 countries, is much more than its transit locks. It is miles of wild landscape, rich with intrigue and an astonishing biodiversity of wildlife. So much so that the Smithsonian chose to place its Biological Research Institute on the edge of Gatún Lake’s Barro Colorado Island. We’ll explore the island during our two-day transit, joined by Smithsonian staff who will reveal the facets of the tropical forest that so challenged the Canal’s builders.
    [Show full text]
  • An Ecosystem Report on the Panama Canal: Monitoring the Status of the Forest Communities and the Watershed
    AN ECOSYSTEM REPORT ON THE PANAMA CANAL: MONITORING THE STATUS OF THE FOREST COMMUNITIES AND THE WATERSHED ROBERTO IBÁÑEZ1,2, RICHARD CONDIT1∗, GEORGE ANGEHR1, SALOMÓN AGUILAR1,2, TOMAS GARCÍA1,2, RAUL MARTÍNEZ1,2, AMELIA SANJUR2, ROBERT STALLARD3, S. JOSEPH WRIGHT1, A. STANLEY RAND1 and STANLEY HECKADON1 1 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Unit 0948, APO, Miami, Florida, U.S.A.; 2 Autoridad Nacional del Ambiente, Proyecto Monitoreo Cuenca del Canal, Apartado, Postal 2016, Ancón, Panamá, República de Panamá; 3 United States Geological Survey-WRD, 3215 Marine Street, Boulder, Colorado, U.S.A. ∗ ( author for correspondence, e-mail: [email protected]) (Received 13 March 2001; accepted 16 January 2002) Abstract. In 1996, the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute and the Republic of Panama’s En- vironmental Authority, with support from the United States Agency for International Development, undertook a comprehensive program to monitor the ecosystem of the Panama Canal watershed. The goals were to establish baseline indicators for the integrity of forest communities and rivers. Based on satellite image classification and ground surveys, the 2790 km2 watershed had 1570 km2 of forest in 1997, 1080 km2 of which was in national parks and nature monuments. Most of the 490 km2 of forest not currently in protected areas lies along the west bank of the Canal, and its management status after the year 2000 turnover of the Canal from the U.S. to Panama remains uncertain. In forest plots designed to monitor forest diversity and change, a total of 963 woody plant species were identified and mapped. We estimate there are a total of 850–1000 woody species in forests of the Canal corridor.
    [Show full text]
  • Foraging Behavior of Mangrove Swallows at Barro Colorado Island
    FORAGING BEHAVIOR OF MANGROVE SWALLOWS AT BARRO COLORADO ISLAND ROBERT E. RICKLEFS DURinG January throughJuly 1968 I had the opportunityto make incidentalstudies on a pair of MangroveSwallows (Iridoprocne albilinea) breedingin a nest box on the boathouseof the SmithsonianTropical Re- searchInstitute at Barro ColoradoIsland (BCI) in the Panama Canal Zone. Although the Mangrove Swallow is commonalong the shoresof Gatun Lake, it has receivedlittle attention. The speciesis particularly relevantto severalecological problems because it is activein openhabitats whereit is easilywatched, and becauseit has a closenorthern counterpart, the Tree Swallow(Iridoprocne bicolor). With limited time, I concentrated on nestlingdevelopment and care of the youngafter fledging(to be de- scribedelsewhere) and adult foragingbehavior during the nestlingperiod. Observationsdemonstrated complex patterns of territory utilization and diurnal activity, which are summarizedand interpretedhere. Although this report is basedon limited study of a singlepair of birds, it points up several aspectsof the use of time and spaceby birds that deservemore attention from ornithologists. GE•}m^L B•OLOG¾ The Mangrove Swallow is a rather small member (13-16 g) of the Tachycineta-Iridoprocnegroup, which includes the Tree Swallow and Violet-greenSwallow (Tachycinetathalassina) in temperateregions and severaltropical species,notably T. albiventer in northern South America and T. leucorrhoaand T. leucopygato the south (Mayr and Greenway, 1960). Three subspeciesof T. albilineaare recognized,ranging along the coastsof Central America from Sonora and Tamaulipas, Mexico, south throughPanama on both sidesof the Isthmus,and in NorthwesternPeru. Canal Zone birds belong to the nominate race. MangroveSwallows are restrictedto lowlandsincluding Gatun Lake in the Canal Zone. Like other membersof the family, the Mangrove Swallow feedsaerially, usuallyclose over lakes, larger rivers, and bays, but may forage 100 feet or more above the water surface.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Primatology
    Journal of Primatology The International Open Access Journal of Primatology Executive Editors Robert J. Adams Johns Hopkins University, USA Bruce M. Rothschild University of Kansas, USA Agnes Lacreuse University of Massachusetts, USA Magdalena N Muchlinski University of Kentucky, USA Daniel D. Myers University of Michigan Medical School, USA Available online at: OMICS Publishing Group (www.omicsonline.org) This article was originally published in a journal published by OMICS Publishing Group, and the attached copy is provided by OMICS Publishing Group for the author’s benefit and for the benefit of the author’s institution, for commercial/research/educational use including without limitation use in instruction at your institution, sending it to specific colleagues that you know, and providing a copy to your institution’s administrator. All other uses, reproduction and distribution, including without limitation commercial reprints, selling or licensing copies or access, or posting on open internet sites, your personal or institution’s website or repository, are requested to cite properly. Digital Object Identifier: http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-6801.1000104 Citation: Mendez-Carvajal P (2012) Population Study of Coiba Howler Monkeys (Alouatta Coibensis Coibensis) and Coiba Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Capucinus Imitator), Coiba Island National Park, Republic of Panama. J Primatol 1:104. doi:10.4172/2167-6801.1000104 Mendez-Carvajal, J Primatol 2012, 1:2 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2167-6801.1000104 Page 1 of 5 Primatology Research Article Open Access Population Study of Coiba Howler Monkeys (Alouatta Coibensis Coibensis ) and Coiba Capuchin Monkeys (Cebus Capucinus Imitator), Coiba Island National Park, Republic of Panama Pedro Mendez-Carvajal* Fundacion Pro-Conservacion de los Primates Panamenos (FCPP), Republica de Panama 0816-07905, Panama Abstract The Coiba howler monkey (Alouatta coibensis coibensis), and the capuchin monkey (Cebus capucinus imitator), are both living at Coiba Island, southwestern Panama, Central America.
    [Show full text]
  • Tree Species Composition and Diversity in the Upper Chagres River Basin, Panama
    The Rio Chagres: A Multidisciplinary Profile of a Tropical Watershed Tree species composition and diversity in the Upper Chagres River Basin, Panama Rolando Pérez1, Salomón Aguilar2, Agustín Somoza2, Richard Condit1, Israel Tejada2, Clara Camargo1, and Suzanne Lao1 1Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, 2Autoridad Nacional del Medioambiente ABSTRACT Tree species composition at two sites in the Upper Chagres River basin, Panama, were evaluated using rapid inventory methods. At each site, two 40x40 m quadrats were demarcated, and each was thoroughly searched for tree and shrub species. The 40x40 m quadrats had a mean of 155 species each, and the four pooled had 285 species; 29 other species were noted near the quadrats or the camps were we stayed. These inventories were compared to inventories at 85 other sites in the Panama Canal watershed, and forest composition and diversity was evaluated relative to the mean dry season duration. The Chagres sites are wetter than most of the Canal watershed, and have higher diversity; the only area with higher diversity is even wetter. The wettest areas of central Panama -- along ridges near the Caribbean coast and in the Upper Chagres basin -- are extremely diverse. Many tree species are limited to this wet zone, not occurring in drier areas of the Pacific slope of central Panama. 1 2 Pérez et al. 1. INTRODUCTION: ß-DIVERSITY OF FOREST TREES IN CENTRAL PANAMA Central Panama has high ß-diversity of forest trees. In ecological jargon, this means that species turnover from site to site is high (Condit et al. 2002). Individual sites in the area, however, have only moderate diversity by tropical forest standards.
    [Show full text]
  • 85Th Anniversary BCI
    85th Anniversary BCI HISTORY AND RESEARCH stri.si.edu STRI’S MISSION “To increase understanding of the past, present and future of tropical life and its relevance to human welfare” arro Colorado Island (or “BCI”) was created when the rising waters of Gatun Lake separated it from the mainland following the completion of the Panama Canal in 1914. Its value lies, in part, on the length of time this forested island has been under continuous study. Past research has built a foundation for modern studies. History has made BCI what it is today. BEntomologist James Zetek was the first to recognize the island’s scientific potential. After securing permission from the Panama Canal authorities, Zetek built a small frame laboratory and began studying the forest in the surrounding area. He was joined at first by mostly amateur naturalists, followed by professionals shortly thereafter. The island quickly became recognized as a reputable field station. In 1923 all of Barro Colorado Island’s 3,609 acres (1,500 hectares) were named an official nature preserve for scientific use by the U S Canal Zone Governor, Jay Morrow. One year later the reserve was opened as the Barro Colorado Island Biological Laboratory, privately run by the Institute for Research in Tropical America and privately funded by Thomas Barbour and other wealthy benefactors from the United States, some of whom used the facility. In 1940 the U.S. Congress placed the island under federal control and renamed it the Canal Zone Biological Area (CZBA).In 1946 the CZBA was turned over to the Smithsonian Institution.
    [Show full text]
  • Kayaking Opportunities on the Lower Chagres River Panama Kayaking
    KayakingKayaking OpportunitiesOpportunities onon thethe LowerLower ChagresChagres RiverRiver PanamaPanama May 2001 Cover photograph: Kayakers on the Rio Congo. KAYAKING OPPORTUNITIES ON THE LOWER CHAGRES RIVER PANAMA Jerry Wylie Ecotourism and Cultural Heritage Specialist USDA Forest Service In cooperation with the Panamanian Center for Research and Social Action (CEASPA) D E E P R A U R T T L MENT OF AGRICU May 2001 This work was completed for USAID/Panama by the USDA Forest Service International Institute of Tropical Forestry (under USAID-PASA No. 525-AG-98-00072-00) and the Academy for Educational Development GreenCOM Project (under Contract OUT-LAG-1000100005-T801), with assistance from USDA-Foreign Agricultural Service, Office of International Cooperation and Development. Contents Page No. 1. Introduction….........…….…………………………………………. 1 2. The San Lorenzo Protected Area…….………...…………………... 1 3. Niche Markets...................................................................................2 4. Kayaking as a Tourism Strategy….....…….………………………... 3 5. Description of Areas along the Lower Chagres River….………….. 5 5.1 Chicken Landing…….……………………………………….. 5 5.2 Main Chagres River…….……………………………………. 5 5.3 French Canal and Lake (Cuenca)……………………………. 5 5.4 Quebrada Paulino…………………………………………… 5 5.5 Rio Indio……….…………………………………………….. 6 5.6 Rio Negrita…….…………………………………………….. 6 5.7 Rio Mojinga…….……………………………………………. 6 5.8 Rio Congo……….…………………………………………… 6 5.9 Unnamed River with Waterfall……….……………………… 6 6. Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT)
    [Show full text]
  • The Status of the Panama Canal Watershed and Its Biodiversity at The
    Articles The Status of the Panama Canal Watershed and Its Biodiversity at the Beginning of the 21st Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/bioscience/article/51/5/389/243988 by guest on 30 September 2021 Century RICHARD CONDIT, W. DOUGLAS ROBINSON, ROBERTO IBÁÑEZ, SALOMÓN AGUILAR, AMELIA SANJUR, RAÚL MARTÍNEZ, ROBERT F. STALLARD, TOMAS GARCÍA, GEORGE R. ANGEHR, LISA PETIT, S. JOSEPH WRIGHT, TARA R. ROBINSON, AND STANLEY HECKADON anama is a small Central American country, but it Poperates a big canal and the world keeps an eye on de- LONG-TERM ECOLOGICAL STUDIES velopments there. Problems with the canal or ecological dis- asters in its watershed would attract a lot of attention. As REVEAL A DIVERSE FLORA AND FAUNA Theodore Roosevelt planned, the Panama Canal is a major NEAR THE PANAMA CANAL, HARBORED shipping corridor, transporting 37 ships a day and providing substantial income to the Panamanian government. Yet as WITHIN A CORRIDOR OF FOREST Roosevelt could not have recognized—despite his interest in conservation—the canal sits in the center of one of the world’s STRETCHING FROM THE CARIBBEAN TO most biologically diverse areas (Myers et al. 2000): Southern Central America has more forest bird species than any other THE PACIFIC, BUT DEFORESTATION, LAND region in the world, except Amazonia and the northern and DEGRADATION, EROSION, AND central Andes, each of which is vastly larger than southern Cen- tral America (Stotz et al. 1996); and Panama has as many plant OVERHUNTING REMAIN THREATS species per 10,000 km2 as any region in the world, more than Amazonia or the Malay Peninsula (Barthlott et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Hemiptera: Membracidae) with a List of Checklists and Keys to the Nearctic and Neotropical Fauna
    Zootaxa 3405: 35–63 (2012) ISSN 1175-5326 (print edition) www.mapress.com/zootaxa/ Article ZOOTAXA Copyright © 2012 · Magnolia Press ISSN 1175-5334 (online edition) Checklist of treehoppers of Panama (Hemiptera: Membracidae) with a list of checklists and keys to the Nearctic and Neotropical fauna DAWN J. FLYNN Entomologist and Curator of Life Sciences, Schiele Museum of Natural History, 1500 East Garrison Blvd., Gastonia, NC 28054 E-mail: [email protected] Abstract A checklist of treehoppers (Hemiptera: Membracidae) of Panama is provided with known province distribution data. The world catalogue of Membracoidea, through 1996, lists 68 genera, 162 species, and 1 subspecies from Panama (McKamey, 1998). New research in Panama has documented range extensions for 29 genera, 107 species, and 1 subspecies previously unknown from Panama. With these adjustments and additions, the total treehopper fauna from Panama includes 97 genera, 269 species, and 2 subspecies. Tables listing published checklists and keys for Nearctic and Neotropical treehoppers are presented. Key words: Membracidae, treehoppers, checklist, Panama, nearctic checklist citations, neotropical checklist citations Treehoppers are a family of hemipterous insects that are distinguished by unusual shapes of the pronotum. The development and variety of these shapes are at their peak in the Neotropics. Numerous checklists and keys of treehoppers are available for the Nearctic Region (Table 1) but there have been few faunal distribution studies of treehoppers of the Neotropics even fewer with keys (Table 2). No separate faunal study or checklist of the treehoppers of Panama has been published. Since McKamey’s World Catalogue of Membracoidea (1998), the revisionary works by Albertson and Dietrich (2005, 2006), Andrade (2003, 2004), Creão-Duarte and Sakakibara (1996, 2000a, 2000b), Cryan & Deitz (1999a).
    [Show full text]
  • Coiba Bioblitz
    MAGAZINE OF THE SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE / REVISTA DEL INSTITUTO SMITHSONIAN DE INVESTIGACIONES TROPICALES COIBA BIOBLITZ April 2015 | stri.si.edu March 2015 | stri.si.edu 1 BIODIVERSITY BIODIVERSIDAD As a boatload of scientists arrived at Punta Hermosa beach En lo que un bote lleno de científicos llegaba la playa de for a week of exploring, someone asked, “Are you sure they Punta Hermosa para una semana de exploración, alguien took all the prisoners off the island?” Even a decade after preguntó: “¿Seguro que sacaron a todos los reos de la isla?” the penal colony on Coiba closed, a specter still hangs over Una década después de que la colonia penal de Coiba fuera cerrada, un espectro aún se cierne sobre esta isla aban- the abandoned 500 km2 island in Panama’s Pacific waters. donada de 500 km2 en las aguas del Pacífico de Panamá. But it’s rapidly fading. Pero este espectro está desapareciendo rápidamente. Coiba’s more-accessible beaches are now frequented by Las playas más accesibles de Coiba son frecuentadas por seafaring tourists — sometimes to the tune of hundreds per turistas - a veces cientos al día - mientras que los pescadores day — while sport fishermen, snorkelers, kayakers and div- deportivos, los que practican snorkel, el kayak y buzos, ers explore ocean waters. The only thing keeping more peo- exploran las aguas del océano. Lo único que evita que más ple from visiting is 65 km of open sea between the island personas visiten son los 65 km de mar abierto entre la isla and the mainland, which makes it all the more attractive to y tierra firme, lo que hace que sea aún más atractiva para those who can afford the trip.
    [Show full text]
  • Visitors Guide
    BIENVENIDOS Welcome to the Smithsonian Tropical Research ers take seriously the original mandate of James Institute (STRI, pronounced “stry”) and thank Smithson, the founder of the Smithsonian Institu- you for your interest. STRI is the world leader in tion, to increase knowledge and disseminate it as providing a global platform for tropical research widely as possible, here applying it to the tropics. and training the next generation of tropical This is essential if we are to develop sustainable scientists. Scientists at STRI have freedom to ask solutions to the myriad environmental problems key questions in their disciplines and undertake of the 21st century. A STRI scientist, for example, fieldwork wherever those questions take them. analyzed his data on whale migration patterns Building on 100 years of Smithsonian science in and realized that there was a simple solution to Panama, researchers from STRI’s vibrant scienti- the problem of whale-ship collisions by chang- fic and support community rigorously explore the ing shipping lanes and slowing speeds during the most biologically and culturally diverse region migratory seasons. This policy was unanimously of our planet — the tropics. STRI’s scientific adopted by the International Maritime Organiza- community spans international borders, aca- tion and was implemented in 2014. demic disciplines and generations. Our research- IN THIS GUIDE WE WILL ANSWER THESE FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS. WHAT ARE THE TROPICS AND WHY STUDY THEM? WHAT BROUGHT STRI TO PANAMA A HUNDRED YEARS AGO AND WHY HAS IT STAYED? WHAT DOES STRI DO THAT IS USEFUL TO SOCIETY? WHAT FACILITIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR SCIENCE? HOW IS STRI FINANCED? HOW CAN WE HELP? 4 | VISITOR’S GUIDE 150 km STRI RESEARCH PLATFORM: THE ISTHMUS OF PANAMA RESEARCH FACILITIES PERMANENT STAFF SCIENTISTS who call Panama home.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
    Therya ISSN: 2007-3364 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A. C. Meyer, Ninon F. V.; Moreno, Ricardo; Sanches, Edgar; Ortega, Josue; Brown, Elliot; Jansen, Patrick A. Do protected areas in Panama support intact assemblages of ungulates? Therya, vol. 7, no. 1, 2016, pp. 65-76 Asociación Mexicana de Mastozoología A. C. DOI: 10.12933/therya-16-341 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=402343647006 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative THERYA, 2016, Vol. 7 (1): 65-76 DOI: 10.12933/therya-16-341, ISSN 2007-3364 ¿Son las áreas protegidas en Panamá lo suficiente para sostener comunidades de ungulados intactas? Do protected areas in Panama support intact assemblages of ungulates? Ninon F.V. Meyer1, 2*, Ricardo Moreno2, 3, Edgar Sanches2, Josue Ortega2, Elliot Brown2 and Patrick A. Jansen3, 4 1 El Colegio de la Frontera Sur, Departamento de la Conservación de la Biodiversidad, Avenida Rancho Polígono 2A, Ciudad Industrial Lerma 24500, Ciudad de Campeche, Campeche, México. E-mail: [email protected] (NM). 2 Yaguara Panamá-Sociedad Panameña de Biología, Calle 71, Chalet 50, San Francisco, Ciudad de Panamá, Panama. E-mail: [email protected] (RM); [email protected] (ES); [email protected] (JO); [email protected] (EB). 3 Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Apartado 0843 03092, Balboa, Ancon, Panama. E-mail: [email protected] (PJ). 4Department of Environmental Sciences, Wageningen University, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands.
    [Show full text]