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On Bycatch Or How W.H.L. Allsopp Coined a New Word and Created

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On Bycatch Or How W.H.L. Allsopp Coined a New Word and Created On bycatch s s s s s or How W.H.L. Allsopp coined a new word and created new insights U U U U U by Daniel Pauly n old friend of mine, slightly edited, was as When a trawling survey, and often a role follows: conducted off Guyana in Amodel, Dr. W.H.L. 1957, found large resources ‘Bertie’ Allsopp recently “The use of the term of penaeid prawns, the turned 80, and wrote me ‘bycatch’ originated in situation became much d d d d d that at the celebration, his British Guiana in 1950 when worse. Soon, over 200 US, brother, the author of the I was first shown the large Japanese, and other Guyana- Oxford Dictionary of discards of catfishes (which based trawlers started Caribbean English Usage were called ‘skinfish’), jettisoned their bycatch. n n n n n (Allsopp 1996) asked him caught incidentally by local However, the FAO declined for a reference attesting the fishermen in their nets and to help. They hired me, earliest introduction of the abandoned as however, to work for them in word ‘bycatch’. Bertie, who unmarketable. We started, West Africa from a base in was for many years a senior from 1950-1955, an ‘Eat- Togo. There, I saw the same official at the Canadian More-Skinfish Campaign’ pattern of discarding by International Development with the full participation of shrimp trawlers, again Research Centre (IDRC; the Governor and other considered by FAO a normal ou ou high colonial officials, fish- industrial practice. ou Allsopp 1989) provided me ou ou with the background in two feasts on St Peter’s day, e-mails, whose substance, recipe book, calypsos, etc. It was only when I resigned from FAO, and started the r r r r r IDRC fisheries program in 1972, that there was hesitant approval to undertake a bycatch utilization project in Guyana (Allsopp 1982). My A A A new word – ‘bycatch’ - was A A first questioned, but eventually accepted as replacement for ‘trash fish’. It also beat cute (‘bye-catch’) and boring (‘non-target species’) alternatives. The publication division of IDRC a a a a a also identified similar terms Figure 1. Sample of publications dealing with bycatch. Continued on page 2 - Bycatch e e e e e The Sea Around Us Project Newsletter Issue 44 – November/December 2007 S S S S S Sea Around Us – November/December 2007 Page 2 Bycatch - Continued from page 1 standard Japanese fish ‘bycatch from shrimp trawling’, I processing machines to handle find that there are over 120,000 for translation into its French, smaller bycatch species, and hits [see Figure 1 for a sample]. Spanish and Arabic publications. trained fish technologists to start All of this started with our IDRC made a film on the topic, a new industry with the latest humble advocacy from Guyana which had a great impact on machinery. This is now a billion in the 1950s.” policy makers, though we also dollar seafood industry. The new got lots of resistance, especially products that are available for Simply put, Bertie Allsopp saw from the USA and Japan. The direct human consumption are bycatch when others saw word bycatch was then adopted marketed at greater value than trashfish. I wonder how many by European environmentalists, the customary shrimp and fish. new worlds lurk in words not yet by the Inter-American Looking up a Google search for invented. Development Bank, UNEP, and References on page 4 - Bycatch There is an finally by FAO, which made the opportunity reduction of bycatch a good thing for the Sea under their Code of Conduct for On volunteering for the Around Us Responsible Fisheries. In fact, they just published the second edition Sea Around Us project to of a ‘Guide to Bycatch Reduction by Lou Frotté advocate in Tropical Shrimp-Trawl Fisheries’ the wider (Eayrs 2007; see Fig. 1). The Sea Around Us project regularly employs volunteers to assist development with its work. This mutually beneficial arrangement provides young scientists with an opportunity to gain experience and to of bycatch- I think there is an opportunity for the Sea Around Us project to network while furthering the work of the project. Our most recent based advocate the wider development volunteer, Lou Frotté, joins us from France. products for of bycatch-based products for human human consumption. This was My first aim when I volunteered as an intern with the Sea Around consumption admirably done, for example, in Us was to gain professional experience in fisheries research, Singapore, where they modified whilst at the same time improving my English. My second ambition was to enjoy my time here and discover the landscape and culture of British Columbia. The Sea Around Us project newsletter is My work here has focused on the French territories in the published by the Fisheries Centre at the South Pacific Ocean - that is to say French Polynesia, New University of British Co- Caledonia and Wallis and Futuna islands. I have collected a large lumbia. Included amount of data about catches from commercial and subsistence with the Fisheries fisheries between 1950 and 2005, using published sources. Centre’s newsletter Processing these data has allowed me to estimate annual catches FishBytes,six is- and match these data with those published by FAO. In most cases, sues of this news- FAO’s numbers were lower than my estimates. Currently, I am letter are pub- taking the same approach for the French Antilles (Martinique and lished annually. Guadeloupe) and French Guiana. Subscriptions are I have enjoyed my time at the Fisheries Centre - with both free of charge. researchers and students. I have achieved my professional aims Our mailing address is: UBC Fisheries Cen- and have also discovered a beautiful country with an ubiquitous, tre, Aquatic Ecosystems Research Laboratory, wild nature and friendly people. 2202 Main Mall, Vancouver, British Colum- bia, Canada, V6T 1Z4. Our fax number is (604) 822-8934, and our email address is he Sea Around Us project is a Fisheries Centre partner- [email protected]. All queries (in- ship with the Pew Charitable Trusts of Philadelphia, cluding reprint requests), subscription re- TTUSA. The Trusts support nonprofit activities in the areas quests, and address changes should be ad- of culture, education, the environment, health and human serv- dressed to Robyn Forrest, Sea Around Us ices, public policy and religion. Based in Philadelphia, the Newsletter Editor. Trusts make strategic investments to help organisations and The Sea Around Us website may be found citizens develop practical solutions to difficult problems. In at www.seaaroundus.org and contains up- 2000, with approximately $4.8 billion in assets, the Trusts to-date information on the project. committed over $235 million to 302 nonprofit organisations. ISSN 1713-5214 Sea Around Us (ONLINE) Page 3 Sea Around Us – November/December 2007 The untapped treasure of local fishers’ knowledge by Dawit Tesfamichael any people who have Mbeen to a fish landing site and spent a few hours talking to fishers and observing the busy and non-stop movements of different kinds of people will agree that Oral a lot can be learned about fish and fisheries traditions right there. Fishers [...] have have a great deal of been a knowledge, Clockwise from top left: valuable accumulated over 1. A fish landing site in Hodeidah, source of their years of Yemen; experience. In many information tropical fisheries, 2. A fisherman with his son being about interviewed in Hodeidah, Yemen. which are dominated Net-mending time is one of the historical by small scale best time to do interviews; events in traditional fishing fisheries methods, “lack of data” 3. Catch ready for sale in Port Sudan, Sudan is always mentioned as a problem. Actually, Photos by D. Tesfamichael over my few years in the Fisheries Centre, I have heard many researchers In the absence of data records, it mean putting the fisheries at risk from the relatively “data rich” is not uncommon for researchers (Johannes et al. 2000). A good temperate countries also to depend on information gained example of using information complaining about it. from people knowledgeable from fishers is in estimating about the system and the issue unreported catch, which as the As part of my PhD research, I being investigated. For example, name indicates, is not found in went to countries bordering the oral traditions (a.k.a. Local any reports (Tesfamichael and Red Sea to obtain data for my Environmental Knowledge, LEK, or Pitcher, 2007). Hence, in the thesis. I looked not only in the Traditional Environmental situations of many countries usual places, such as ministries, Knowledge, TEK) have been a where good, long-term data- research institutes and valuable source of information recording systems do not exist, universities, but also at fish about historical events in fisheries every effort should be made to landing sites, on the boats and in (e.g. Neis et al. 1999, Sáenz- collect information from the fishing villages. The objective was Arroyo et al. 2005). Pauly (1995) fishers themselves. to interview fishers in order to argues that anecdotes e.g., about obtain historical background and occurrence of species, can be ‘as It goes without saying that time series information for Red factual as temperature records’. including fishers, or users of Sea fisheries. The work was done Sometimes the only information other resources, in the mainly by interviewing fishers of available is expert or traditional assessment and management of different age groups. knowledge and not using it may Continued on page 4 - LEK Sea Around Us – November/December 2007 Page 4 LEK - Continued from page 3 each fishery and an evaluation Neis, B., Schneider, D.C., Felt, L., of the available statistical data.
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