AP Human Geography Summer Practice 2017
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AP Human Geography Summer Practice 2017 Welcome to Advanced Placement Human Geography (APHG)! Human Geography is the study of the distribution, processes, and effects of humans on our planet in seven units: Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives Population & Migration 1st Semester Cultural Patterns and Processes Political Organization of Space Agricultural, Food Production, and Rural Land Use 2nd Semester Industrialization and Economic Development Cities and Urban Land Use As you can see this is not like the history classes that you have been taking the last couple of years. Goal: To give you a jump-start in this course we have collected articles, maps and short activities for you to build background knowledge. You can access an electronic copy of this summer practice on-line: http://www.mansfieldisd.org/page.cfm?p=4755 Materials: pencil or pen and map pencils Due Date: This is practice and will not be taken for a grade. Take this opportunity to lay a firm foundation for the first six weeks by practicing this summer. College Board’s Course Overview: https://apstudent.collegeboard.org/apcourse/ap- human-geography Have a great summer! MISD AP Human Geography Teachers Summit HS Matthew Harris [email protected] Summit HS Jason Mutterer [email protected] Mansfield HS Lance Davis [email protected] Mansfield HS Gregory George [email protected] Mansfield HS Jakob Howe [email protected] Mansfield HS Dawn Welch [email protected] Timberview HS Lindsey Matthews [email protected] Timberview HS Matthew Speight [email protected] Legacy HS Jodi Esaili [email protected] Lake Ridge HS Ashley Hicks [email protected] 1 I. Geography: Its Nature and Perspectives What are Regions & Why are they the Foundation of Geography? A region is an area of land that has common features. A region can be defined by natural or artificial features. Language, government, or religion can define a region, as can forests, wildlife, or climate. Regions, large or small, are the basic units of geography. The Middle East is considered a political, environmental, and religious region that includes parts of Africa, Asia, and Europe. The region is in a hot, dry climate. Although the styles of government are varied (democracy in Israel and Syria, monarchy in Saudi Arabia), almost all of them have strong ties to religion. The region is where three of the world’s major religions were founded: Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. The Amazon River region in South America is the area surrounding the Amazon River, which runs through the northern part of the continent, including Brazil, Bolivia, Ecuador, and Peru. This region is characterized by warm temperatures, heavy rainfall, a large diversity of plant and animal species, and little human impact on the environment. Geographers also use regions to study prehistoric environments that no longer exist. Due to plate tectonics, or the movement of the Earth’s crust, geographic regions are constantly being created and destroyed over time. Paleogeography is the study of these ancient environments. One paleo geographic region is Pangaea, the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago, during the Paleozoic and Mesozoic eras. The continents we know today split apart from the supercontinent of Pangaea. 2 Map “orientation” is the relationship between directions on a map and compass directions. In Ancient Rome, maps were “oriented to the east (that is why until recent times, eastern Asia was called the “Orient”). Today, most maps are oriented to the north. However, the Australian map below is oriented to the south. Is this maps orientation MOST likely based on perspective, political boundaries, or environmental features? Please explain:________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ **To be successful in this course you must use and interpret maps and geospatial data. AP HG Students catch mistakes others might miss. 3 Not all geographers agree on the world regions and some regions (like the Texan’s Map of the United States) are based on perspective. This year in APHG we will use the following maps as our guide to regions. It is vital you learn these regions and we have provided a map for you to practice on page 5. Human Geography Course Description. New York: College Board, 2015. 15. Print. 4 Draw Antarctica, label the Atlantic, Pacific, Indian, & Southern Oceans & shade your map so that the legend is accurate (see page 4). World Regions Regions World – A Big Picture View Picture A Big 5 ☐ Sub-Saharan Africa ☐ North America ☐ Russian Federation ☐ Central America ☐ Asia ☐ South America ☐ Oceania ☐ Europe ☐Antarctica (Draw In) ☐Africa II. Population & Migration 7 Billion - Watch the following video from 2011 using the QR code or goo.gl/PxfZTH and answer the accompanying questions: The video lists the population of Earth as approximately 1 billion in the year 1800, which means it took the earth almost 12,000 years (starting with the first civilizations 10,000 years ago) of human habitation to reach 1 billion. 1.) In 1800, the world had _________ billion people. 130 years later in 1930, world population reached _________ billion. Then 30 years later in _________ world population hit _________ billion. This exponential population continued as world populations reached __________ billion by 1974, _________ billion by 1987, ___________ billion by 1999, and by 2011 world population was at ___________ billion. If these growth rates continue world population could top 9 billion by the year _________. 2.) Why do you think that there has been such quick population growth in the last 230 years? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 3.) The video discusses the rise in urbanization (living in cities) among the human population. How does it define a megacity? ___________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 4.) How many Megacities are there currently? _________ 5.) According to the video, what are some problems facing the world of 7 billion people? _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________________ 6 Jing-Jin-Ji: China Planning Megalopolis the Size of New England Cranes stand behind apartment blocks in Tianjin, China, in October. Jason Lee / Reuters, file TIANJIN, China — China's rulers are planning a megacity that would be home to 130 million people and cover an area the size of New England. Sitting on the northeast coast of China, Jing-Jin-Ji — which stands for "Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei" — is a central plank of the country's economic development plan over the next century. The sheer numbers are startling. In November, the government approved $36 billion to build 700 miles of rail within three years. Residents of bedroom communities just outside Beijing's city limits, who now spend five to six hours a day on their commutes, are expected to be the main beneficiaries of a new transportation system serving the megalopolis. In the longer term, 24 intercity railways are planned for completion by 2050 — eight alone by 2020. The goal is a "one-hour commuting circle" across the area, according to the government. "The biggest change is in transportation," Zhang Zhongmin, a humanities professor and environmental campaigner based in Shijiazhuang, the capital of Hebei, told NBC News. "It used to take almost one day to travel from Hebei to Beijing, but now it's only a few hours." With 13,670 miles, China already boasts of the world's longest network of high-speed rail lines, which serve trains traveling 120 mph to 220 mph. The next two countries are Spain, with 1,930 miles, and Japan, with 1,887 miles. And China plans to build 10,000 more miles. With its new shipping and transport network and gleaming office towers and apartments under construction, the Tianjin Free Trade Zone already hints at the colossal resources Beijing is committing to the next phase of China's economic rise. President Xi Jinping is seeking for China to become the world's largest economy. 7 The government is expected to spend hundreds of billions of dollars on transportation and infrastructure projects that would connect about 130 million people living in Beijing, the bustling port city of Tianjin and 11 other cities in Hebei province. A crucial part of the strategy is the revitalization of Tianjin as a base for advanced manufacturing and international shipping. Beijing would remain as the nation's capital and its political and cultural center, while Hebei province would shift to clean manufacturing and wholesale trading. Communication would get easier, too, with roaming or long-distance fees being scrapped for all intercity cellphone calls. "The