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Analysis of Aquaponic-Recirculation Aquaculture System (A Aquaculture Studies, 21(3), 93-100 http://doi.org/10.4194/2618-6381-v21_3_01 P R O O F R E S E A R C H P A P E R Analysis of Aquaponic-Recirculation Aquaculture System (A - Ras) Application in the Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Aquaculture in Indonesia Arning Wilujeng Ekawati1, Siti Mariyah Ulfa2, Citra Satrya Utama Dewi3, Abdul Aziz Amin4, Lutfi Ni’matus Salamah4, Adi Tiya Yanuar4, Andi Kurniawan5,* 1University of Brawijaya, Department of Aquaculture, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia, 65145. 2University of Brawijaya, Department of Chemistry, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia, 65145. 3University of Brawijaya, Department of Marine Science, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia, 65145. 4University of Brawijaya, Coastal and Marine Research Centre, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia, 65145. 5 University of Brawijaya, Department of Aquatic Resources Management, Jalan Veteran, Malang, Indonesia, 65145. How to cite Ekawati, A.W., Ulfa, S.M., Dewi, C.S.U., Amin, A.A., Salamah, L.N., Yanuar, A.T., Kurniawan, A. (2021). Analysis of Aquaponic- Recirculation Aquaculture System (A - Ras) Application in the Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) Aquaculture in Indonesia. Aquaculture Studies, 21, 93-100. http://doi.org/10.4194/2618-6381-v21_3_01 Article History Abstract Received 26 October 2020 Accepted 01 February 2021 Water quality and waste management are significant problems for aquaculture in First Online 11 February 2021 Indonesia, including catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture. A combination of Aquaponics Systems and Recirculating Aquaculture Systems (A-RAS) has been Corresponding Author developed to address this problem. This study analyzed A-RAS application for catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture by comparing water quality and production indicators Tel.: +6281283381100 between A-RAS and conventional methods. The results show that temperature, pH, E-mail: [email protected] dissolved oxygen, total organic matter, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite in A-RAS technology were 28.0-30.0°C, 6.5-7.9, 3.8-7.8 mg/L, 18.54-24.97 mg/L, 0.12- 0.28 mg/L, 0.12-0.13 mg/L, and 0.04-0.13 mg/L, respectively. Survival Rate, Feed Keywords Sustainable aquaculture Conversion Ratio, and harvest in A-RAS application were 85.5%, 1.1, and 26 kg/m³, respectively. A-RAS technology can maintain water quality to be reused in cultivation Water quality Aquaculture waste and increase yields by about 13%. Besides, water spinach can be an additional income Aquaculture technology for farmers. Introduction Along with frequent water changes during the aquaculture process, catfish farmers usually dispose of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is widely cultivated in waste directly into the environment. The waste often various regions in Indonesia. Catfish (C. gariepinus) causes environmental pollution because it is not treated aquaculture faces obstacles related to water quality and before disposal. Therefore, the development of waste management (Henriksson et al., 2017; Tran et al., aquaculture innovation is fundamentally essential to 2017). Ineffective water management has made many develop catfish farming in Indonesia into sustainable catfish farmers change their pond water frequently aquaculture practices. (Panase et al., 2018; Ekasari et al., 2016). This problem Various technologies have been developed to solve has led to an increase in water use for catfish cultivation, the water quality and waste management problems in making it difficult for catfish farming to develop in areas aquaculture (Yi et al., 2018; Pouil et al., 2018; Yamazaki facing water availability problems. Hence, the limitation et al., 2018). One of the innovations is the combination of decent water restrains the development of of aquaponics systems and recirculation aquaculture aquaculture in Indonesia. systems. The Aquaponics – Recirculation Aquaculture Published by Central Fisheries Research Institute (SUMAE) Trabzon, Turkey. 94 Aquaculture Studies, 21(3), 93-100 System (A-RAS) is being developed by the Coastal and aquaponics acts as a bio filter to reduce aquaculture Marine Research Center of the University of Brawijaya. waste. A-RAS also operates swirl and bio ball filters to The technology's basic principle is to integrate the maintain water quality during cultivation. The feeds Recirculation Aquaculture System and the Aquaponics were given two times a day with a dose of 5-6 % of fish system, which serve as a biological filter system to weight. Water replacement in ponds (about 30% of the maintain the water quality in the aquaculture (Maigual- water volume) was carried out when DO and water pH Enriquez et al., 2002; Azaria & Rijn 2018; Badiola et al., exceed the maximum standard for catfish life. The 2018). The A-RAS is developed to maintain the water control of this experiment is a pond cultivated quality so that it can be reused. The technology will conventionally. In this control pond, feeding was given decrease the waste discharge from aquaculture using the same method as the A-RAS pond, but water production. changes were carried out when the DO and the water's This study aims to analyze the application of A-RAS pH had passed the ideal quality standard for catfish technology in the catfish (C. gariepinus) aquaculture. farming. Therefore, in control ponds, water changes The indicator to evaluate the A-RAS technology is water were carried out more frequently than in A-RAS ponds. qualities (i.e., temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total The pond construction uses an iron frame with a organic matter, ammonia, nitrate, and nitrite), and High-Density Polyethylene (HDPE) membrane. The production indicators (i.e., survival rate, food diameter of the pool is 3 m with a pool height of 1.25 m. conversion ratio, and harvest). This study indicates that The pools were filled with water up to a height of 0.9 m. the A-RAS can increase the effectiveness and efficiency The stocking density used was 2000 fish/pond using of the catfish (C. gariepinus) aquaculture. The fingerlings (±2.1 g/fish). Fish were harvested after 60 application of A-RAS makes water quality can be days of cultivation with an average size of 100 g/fish. continuously maintained to fulfill the catfish's ideal Water spinach was sown until it was approximately requirement. Moreover, the A-RAS application increases 10 cm in size before being used in A-RAS construction. the quality of the production indicators and provides The media used to grow water spinach in A-RAS was water spinach as an additional income to the farmers. Rockwool media placed in a plastic tube (5 cm in diameter and 7 cm high). Water spinach is harvested Materials and Methods every 30 days (average stem length is 30 cm) and replaced by new water spinach (10 cm). A-RAS construction The construction for growing water spinach is a PVC pipe with a diameter of 75 mm. This PVC pipe is A-RAS integrates water spinach aquaponics and perforated with a hole diameter of 5 cm with a distance recirculation aquaculture system (Figure 1). The between holes is 25 cm. This hole is used to insert the AQUAPONIC Bioball Pond 2 Pond 1 Control Pond 3 Pump SW SW FISH POND Filter FISH POND Outlate 2,5 dim Stop Taps Tee Knee Figure 1. Design of the A-RAS technology for the catfish (C. gariepinus) aquaculture. SW is a swirl filter, Bio ball is the filter using bio balls as a substrate for microbes, and the arrows are the water flow direction. 95 Aquaculture Studies, 21(3), 93-100 Nt plastic tube used to grow the water spinach. The SR = × 100% (1) aquaponics construction in A-RAS consists of 7 PVC N0 pipes with a length of 15 m each. SR is survival rate (%), Nt is the number of fish that live at the end of the cultivation period, and N0 is the Water quality measurement number of fish that live at the beginning of the cultivation period. Food conversion ratio calculated Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total organic based on the equation (2); matter, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were measured in this study. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were 퐹푒푒푑 푣푒푛 퐹퐶푅 = (2) measured daily using a Digital Integrated thermometer, 푊푒ℎ푡 푎푛 pH meter and DO meter. Total organic matter, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were measured in 0, 15, 30, FCR is the food conversion ratio, which is defined 45, and 60 days of culture. Water qualities in the 3 ponds as the mass of the input divided by the output (mass of of A-RAS construction were measured and the average feed per mass of harvested fish). The feed given is the values were used. In the case of control ponds, the given feed (kg), while Weight gain is the bodyweight of measurements were carried out in 3 replications. harvested fish (kg). Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, total organic matter, ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were measured in this study. Temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen were Results and Discussion measured daily using a Digital Integrated thermometer, pH meter and DO meter. Total organic matter, This study analyzes the application of the ammonia, nitrate and nitrite were measured in 0, 15, 30, Aquaponics – Recirculation Aquaculture Systems (A- 45, and 60 days of culture. Water qualities in the 3 ponds RAS) in the catfish (C. gariepinus) aquaculture. The main of A-RAS construction were measured and the average indicators in the analysis are water quality and values were used. In the case of control ponds, the aquaculture product parameters. The detailed analysis measurements were carried out in 3 replications. Data is described below. analysis to determine the effect of A-RAS application on water quality during catfish farming was carried out Water quality during fish cultivation through t-test statistical analysis using Minitab v.17. A-RAS was designed to maintain the water quality Aquaculture production indicator during fish cultivation. Hence, waste discharge and water exchange can be minimized because water can be The aquaculture production indicator analyzed in reused during the cultivation process.
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