Land at Severnside Avonmouth South Gloucestershire Archaeological

Land at Severnside Avonmouth South Gloucestershire

Archaeological Evaluation

for SITA UK

CA Project: 3749 CA Report: 12262

September 2012

Land at Severnside Avonmouth South Gloucestershire

Archaeological Evaluation

CA Project: 3749 CA Report: 12262

prepared by Jamie Wright (Project Officer)

date 10 September 2012

checked by Cliff Bateman (Project Manager)

date 17 September 2012

approved by Simon Cox, Head of Fieldwork

signed

date 28 September 2012

issue 02

This report is confidential to the client. Cotswold Archaeology accepts no responsibility or liability to any third party to whom this report, or any part of it, is made known. Any such party relies upon this report entirely at their own risk. No part of this report may be reproduced by any means without permission.

© Cotswold Archaeology Building 11, Kemble Enterprise Park, Kemble, Cirencester, Gloucestershire, GL7 6BQ t. 01285 771022 f. 01285 771033 e. [email protected] © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

CONTENTS

SUMMARY...... 2

1. INTRODUCTION ...... 3

The site ...... 3 Archaeological background...... 3 Archaeological objectives ...... 6 Methodology ...... 6

2. RESULTS (FIGS 3-6) ...... 7

Trench 7 (Figs 3-5) ...... 7 Alluvial deposits (Fig. 6)...... 8 The Finds Evidence ...... 8 The Palaeoenvironmental Evidence ...... 9

3. DISCUSSION...... 10

4. CA PROJECT TEAM ...... 11

5. REFERENCES ...... 11

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS ...... 12

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS ...... 13

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE ...... 14

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM...... 15

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Fig. 1 Site location plan (1:25,000) Fig. 2 Site plan showing evaluation trench locations and previous trenches (1:2000) Fig. 3 Trench location plan; showing archaeological features (1:500) Fig. 4 Trench 7; sections Fig. 5 Photographs Fig. 6 Photographs

1 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

SUMMARY

Project Name: Land at Severnside Location: Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire NGR: ST 5412 8257 Type: Evaluation Date: 28-9 August 2012 Planning Reference: PT09/5982/F Location of Archive: Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery Site Code: SIV 12

An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in August 2012 on Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire. Two trenches were excavated.

The identified geological deposits comprised alluvium overlying the Wentlooge Formation. A Roman ditch and pit were present in one trench and could be seen survive from within 0.5m of the present ground level. Parallel to, and c. 4m away from, the Roman ditch was a post medieval ditch. An organic deposit at the top of the Wenlooge Formation was recorded in both trenches at 4.1m and 4.3m AOD respectively.

2 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1. INTRODUCTION

1.1 In August 2012 Cotswold Archaeology (CA) carried out an archaeological evaluation for Sita UK on land at Severnside, South Gloucestershire (centred on NGR: ST 5412 8257; Fig. 1). An application (ref: PT09/5982/F) was granted in 2011 for the construction of an Energy Recovery Centre. A further application is to be made for the construction of a bottom ash recycling facility and waste railhead. The current evaluation is intended to inform this application.

1.2 The evaluation was carried out in accordance with a detailed Written Scheme of Investigation (WSI) produced by CA (2012) that was approved by David Evans, archaeological advisor to South Gloucestershire Council. The fieldwork also followed the Standard and Guidance for Archaeological Field Evaluation (IfA 2008), the Management of Archaeological Projects (English Heritage 1991), and the Management of Research Projects in the Historic Environment (MORPHE): Project Manager’s Guide (EH 2006). It was monitored by David Haigh, including a site visit on 29 August 2012.

The site

1.3 The proposed development area is approximately 2.5ha, comprising rough grassland, existing and disused rail tracks. The western part of the site is currently accessible for trial trenching, the remainder lying under the rail tracks. (Fig. 2). The site lies at approximately 6.4m above Ordnance Datum (AOD), and is generally flat.

1.4 The underlying solid geology of the area is mapped as Undifferentiated Mudstones of the Triassic era overlain by superficial deposits of Holocene Alluvium (BGS 2012). Alluvium was encountered in both trenches.

Archaeological background

1.5 A cultural heritage assessment of the adjacent Severnside ERC site indicates that the site lies within the Avonmouth Levels, an area of high archaeological potential (CA 2009).

3 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1.6 The stratigraphic sequence of the Avonmouth Levels is well-documented and the assessment anticipated that archaeological remains may occur buried within and beneath the build up of later drift deposits overlying the solid geology (mapped as Triassic red marl). Bands of peat have also developed; these layers and the silty/sandy clays between them have the potential to assist in the reconstruction of prehistoric and later environments.

Unit Description I Topsoil II Desiccated layer/brown clay III Upper blue clay (upper part of Wentlooge Formation) IV Peat/clay layer (middle part of Wentlooge Formation) V Lower blue clay (lower part of Wentlooge Formation) VI Basal sands/gravels/peats VII Bedrock Table 1: Simplified drift geological sequence around the Severn Estuary (after Rippon 1997)

1.7 Units VI-V in Table 1 were deposited above the solid bedrock by flooding in the early post-glacial period. Basal peats of Unit VI have been dated to c. 5000 BC and c. 4500 BC (Rippon 1997, 42). These were subsequently overlain by the clays of Unit V, the lower part of the Wentlooge Formation, deposited during a major marine transgression associated with the post-glacial rise in sea level.

1.8 A complex of mixed peat and alluvium (Unit IV in Table 1, the middle part of the Wentlooge Formation) developed across the Severn Estuary Levels between around 3600-1000 BC (Rippon 1997, 42-3). This formed as a result of the gradual drying of the wet environment and its subsequent colonisation, mainly by sphagnum moss which favours such nutrient-poor conditions. The last period of widespread peat formation seems to have been towards the end of the Bronze Age. The exploitation of these peatlands in the Late Bronze Age has been demonstrated by field surveys on the Welsh side of the river along the Gwent coast.

1.9 This mixed peat/alluvium horizon is overlain by a second thick layer of blue silty clay deposited under marine conditions over virtually the whole of the Avonmouth Levels. This is represented by Unit III in Table 1, and forms the upper part of the Wentlooge Formation (Rippon 1997, 43-4). This last major marine transgression seems to have begun in the late second to early first millennium BC, reaching its greatest extent by around 500 BC.

4 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1.10 A pattern of minor marine regressions/transgressions occurred prior to the major expansion of settlement in the later Roman period, sometimes associated with evidence of pre-Roman occupation. This, in turn, is overlain by various alluvial deposits represented by Unit II in Table 1, generally dating from the medieval period.

1.11 The current site is located at approximately 6.5m AOD (Above Ordnance Datum). Archaeological works immediately to the south identified deposits associated with the Upper and Middle Wentlooge Formation (BaRAS 1995a, 1996a, 1997a). These included two peat bands, the lower recorded at 1.4m to 1.8m AOD, and the upper encountered at between 4.6m and 4.4m AOD. The upper peat band had a radiocarbon range of 2290-2030 BC, corresponding with the Bronze Age. A buried soil horizon at 5.2m to 5.3m AOD, approximately 1.4m below ground level (BGL), was also recorded during these works and was stratigraphically dated to the Iron Age or Romano-British period, most likely the former (BaRAS 1996a, 10). No associated archaeological finds or features were recorded during these works.

1.12 To the north of the site, archaeological works have identified red-brown clay-silts of the Upper Wentlooge Formation overlying olive to blue-grey clays, silts and fine sands of the Middle Wentlooge Formation (WA 2004b, 2005b). No direct evidence of human occupation was identified, although an inwashed charcoal horizon suggested human activity in the general vicinity. This charcoal horizon, which is of Bronze Age date and associated with the Middle Wentlooge Formation, was recorded at 4.40m and 4.12m AOD (c. 2.2m/2.6m BGL respectively; WA 2004b, 2005b) and possibly equates to the upper peat band recorded at 4.64m and 4.04m AOD to the south of the site. A thin peat band encountered at 2.1m to 1.6m AOD (c. 4.5 to 5m BGL; WA 2004b) corresponds with the upper peat band recorded at 1.4m to 1.8m AOD to the south of the site. No associated archaeological finds or features were recorded during these works. Exposed peat deposits have been recorded at the edge of the Severn Estuary to the north of the site (CA 2009).

1.13 Much of the area was reclaimed again in the early medieval period, during which the site formed part of an agricultural hinterland comprising farmsteads with associated drained field systems. A medieval settlement is recorded approximately 250m to the south-east of the site and medieval features recorded approximately 300m to the

5 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

south. Medieval reverse ‘S’ shape ridge and furrow earthworks are visible across the site on 1940s aerial photographs, the extant remains of which have mainly been removed by post-medieval ploughing and construction works (CA 2009).

1.14 Evaluation trenching at the adjacent ERC site, incorporating geo-archaeological investigations, was undertaken by CA in 2010. Six trenches and three boreholes were excavated and the archaeological fieldwork identified a consistent alluvial sequence in all of the evaluation trenches. This included an undated organic, clay-silt layer, interpreted as a salt marsh deposit, between 2.9m and 4.65m AOD. The stone footings and concrete floor surface of a post-medieval building were identified close to an in-filled boundary ditch. Both the building and the ditch are depicted on the 1881 1st Edition Ordnance Survey map (CA 2010).

Archaeological objectives

1.15 The objectives of the evaluation were to establish the date, character, quality, survival and extent of the archaeological deposits within the application area. This information will clarify whether any remains are of sufficient importance to warrant consideration for preservation in situ, or alternatively form the basis of mitigation measures that may seek to limit damage to significant remains.

Methodology

1.16 The fieldwork comprised the excavation of two, 25m long trenches, in the locations shown on the attached plan (Fig. 2). Trench 8 was rotated to avoid trees, with the approval of David Haigh. Trenches were set out on OS National Grid (NGR) co- ordinates using a Leica 1200 series SmartRover GPS and surveyed in accordance with CA Technical Manual 4 Survey Manual (2009).

1.17 All trenches were excavated by mechanical excavator equipped with a toothless grading bucket. All machine excavation was undertaken under constant archaeological supervision to the top of the first significant archaeological horizon or the natural substrate, whichever was encountered first. Where archaeological deposits were encountered they were excavated by hand in accordance with CA Technical Manual 1: Fieldwork Recording Manual (2007).

6 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

1.18 Deposits were assessed for their palaeoenvironmental potential in accordance with CA Technical Manual 2: The Taking and Processing of Environmental and Other Samples from Archaeological Sites (2003). Two deposits, the fill of a Roman ditch and a peat layer, were sampled but have not yet been processed. All artefacts recovered were processed in accordance with Technical Manual 3 Treatment of Finds Immediately after Excavation (2010).

1.19 The archive and artefacts from the evaluation are currently held by CA at their offices in Kemble. Subject to the agreement of the legal landowner the artefacts will be deposited with Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery, along with the site archive. A summary of information from this project, set out within Appendix C, will be entered onto the OASIS online database of archaeological projects in Britain.

2. RESULTS (FIGS 3-6)

2.1 This section provides an overview of the evaluation results; detailed summaries of the recorded contexts and finds are to be found in Appendices A and B respectively.

2.2 In both trenches the top of the Wentlooge Formation, overlain by alluvium, was exposed. No archaeological features were identified in trench 8.

Trench 7 (Figs 3-5)

2.3 Ditch 707 was aligned north-east to south-west, measured 1.7m in width, more than 1.2m in depth, and contained two fills, 705 and 706 from which pottery broadly dated to the Roman period was recovered. It was cut by broadly parallel ditch 704, which was slightly narrower, measuring 1.5m in width, but was also over 1.2m in depth. It contained fills 702 and 703 from which post-medieval pottery was recovered.

2.4 A pit or possible ditch terminus, 708, semicircular in plan was identified to the east of ditch 707. It had a diameter of c. 1.3m with a rounded base. Roman pottery was recovered from the associated fills.

7 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Alluvial deposits (Fig. 6)

2.5 A similar geological sequence, with minor variations, was identified within both trenches. The earliest observed layer, 807/715, comprised a wet, sticky, blue or bluish grey clay. Overlying this was very dark grey or black clay 806/714. While deposit 806 was dry, had little visible organic remains and was odourless, deposit 714, at 4.3m AOD, seemed humic, moist and had a ‘peaty’ odour. This layer was between 0.05 and 0.10m thick. The overlying layer, 805/713, was a grey-brown clay of c. 0.1m thickness that was in turn sealed by 804/712, only c. 0.1m thick and similar in composition to 807/715. Layer 803/701 was 1.5m in thickness and comprised a dry, brown-grey silty clay. Above this was topsoil with some modern disturbance.

The Finds Evidence

2.6 The finds assemblage recovered from the evaluation is summarised in Appendix B.

Pottery 2.7 The pottery assemblage consists of 25 sherds of pottery weighing 777g. The assemblage was recovered from five stratified contexts and as unstratified finds, and can be dated to the Roman and post-medieval periods. The level of preservation is good with the majority of sherds displaying only limited levels of abrasion.

2.8 Nine sherds of pottery (67g) are identified as of Roman date. All were bodysherds, the majority of which are in a sandy greyware fabric. An exception is a sherd in a sandy whiteware fabric, recovered as a residual find from fill 702 within ditch 704.

2.9 A total of 16 sherds of post-medieval pottery was recovered from fills 702 and 703 within ditch 704. All are from utilitarian glazed earthenware vessels and included North Devon gravel-tempered ware pancheons, and a late oxidised glazed Malvernian ware skillet. The North Devon wares were widely traded from the early 17th century, at the time when the Malvernian pottery industry was going into decline. As such, an early to middle 17th century date for this material is likely.

Animal bone 2.10 A small amount of animal bone was recovered from five contexts. The bones are moderately to poorly preserved, but comprised relatively large fragments. The bones

8 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

have been identified to species and skeletal element with the aid of an osteological reference collection (Cotswold Archaeology Ltd).

2.11 The assemblage comprises a total of 12 fragments (415.61g). Five bones are identified as cattle (Bos taurus), and comprise fragments of an atlas vertebra, a coxae, a scapula, a humerus and a metatarsal from fills 702, 706, 711 and an unstratified deposit within Trench 7.

2.12 Two fragments are identified as caprovine (Ovis aries sive, Capra hircus), which comprise part of a femur and a metatarsal. These were retrieved from fill 710 within pit/ditch terminus 708, and unstratified in Trench 7. An additional five fragments remain unidentified, but derived from large and medium sized mammals.

2.13 The material is too small for any solid conclusions to be drawn, but appears to represent general domestic waste.

Clay tobacco pipe 2.14 A single stem fragment, broadly dateable across the 17th to 19th centuries, was recorded from fill 703 of ditch 704. Based on the associated pottery, an early to middle 17th-century date is possible.

The Palaeoenvironmental Evidence

2.15 The palaeoenvironmental evidence recovered during the evaluation is summarised in Appendix C. Two environmental samples (58 litres of soil) were retrieved from two deposits with the intention of recovering evidence of industrial or domestic activity and material for radiocarbon dating. The samples were processed by standard flotation procedures (CA Technical Manual No. 2).

2.16 Fill 710 (SS 1) was recovered from pit/ditch terminus 708 dated by pottery to the Roman period. The sample contained a small number of charcoal fragments which was too small to identify, with the exception of a single fragment of oak. The lack of any other ecofacts means no information regarding function is possible.

2.17 Deposit 714 (SS 2) was recovered from a peaty layer of unknown date, but pre- dating Roman pit/ditch terminus 708. No plant macrofossil, fibrous material, wood or charcoal was recovered from this sample. It appears to represent a heavily

9 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

decomposed humic layer, rather than a layer of peat. There was no material recovered that would be suitable for radiocarbon dating.

3. DISCUSSION

3.1 A Roman ditch and pit/ditch terminus, as well as a later post-medieval ditch, were exposed within Trench 7. Pottery and animal bone were recovered from all three features with further post-medieval finds being noted within the backfill of a geotechnical pit that had previously been excavated close to the trench. This concentration of artefacts might imply nearby occupation in both the Roman and post-medieval periods. The ground level of both the excavated trenches lay between 6.2m and 6.5m AOD with trench 7 being slightly lower but topological factors, drainage etc may have meant that the area around trench 7 was more suitable for occupation or agriculture.

3.2 It is presumed that the blue grey clay exposed at the base of both trenches represents the uppermost limit of the Upper Wentlooge Formation. At, or near to, the top of this deposit a peat-like layer was revealed (at 4.1m AOD in Trench 7 and at 4.3m AOD in Trench 8). Previous archaeological work undertaken to the south of the current site by BaRAS in the 1990s exposed a similar peat band between 4.04m AOD and 4.64m AOD, which was radiocarbon dated to 2290-2030 BC (quoted in CA 2010).

3.3 Previous work by CA approximately 200m to the west of the current site recorded the top of laminated muds and organic muds at between c. 3.3m AOD in the west and 4.0m AOD in the east. These were interpreted as mud flat deposits that sloped down to the west and towards the present River Severn, and that only occasionally were inundated by tidal water. The two trenches of the present evaluation show the same general trend for the organic muds to rise away from the Severn. It is a curiosity that the one trench containing archaeological features had the lowest ground level of the eight excavated but the highest level of the Wentlooge deposits.

3.4 Although it was difficult to establish in plan the level at which the Roman features were cut from, in section they could be identified at c. 0.5m below ground level, strongly suggesting that much, if not all, of the alluvium in Trench 7 predates the

10 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

Roman period. The alluvium had fine horizontal laminations, c. 1mm thick, and may have formed after repeated seasonal flooding episodes, each depositing a thin layer of mud, although hiatuses in this deposition are a possibility.

4. CA PROJECT TEAM

Fieldwork was undertaken by Jamie Wright, assisted by Noel Boothroyd. The report was written by Jamie Wright. The illustrations were prepared by Ian Atkins, Angus Crawford wrote the finds report and Jonny Geber the animal bone report. The archive has been compiled by Jamie Wright, and prepared for deposition by James Johnson. The project was managed for CA by Cliff Bateman.

5. REFERENCES

BGS (British Geological Survey) 2012 Geology of Britain Viewer http://maps.bgs.ac.uk/geologyviewer_google/googleviewer.html (accessed 20 August 2012)

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2009 Cultural Heritage Assessment of land at Avonmouth

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2010 Severnside ERC (SITA Site), Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 10065

CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Written Scheme of Investigation for an Archaeological Evaluation

11 © Cotswold Archaeology Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation

APPENDIX A: CONTEXT DESCRIPTIONS

Trench 7 (Modern ground level 6.2m-6.4m AOD)

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 700 Layer Topsoil 0.25 701 Layer Greyish brown clayey silt. Alluvium with fine c. 1.7 horizontal laminations. 702 Fill Dark brown fill of 704 0.3 E-MC17 703 Fill Very dark brown fill of 704. ?Primary fill. 0.1 E- MC17- 704 Cut Ditch at 45o to trench. Not bottomed. Cut fills 705 3.2 1.5 >1.2 and 706, and alluvium 701. 705 Fill Greyish brown fill of 707 0.5 706 Fill Bluish grey fill of 707. 0.5 Roman 707 Cut Ditch parallel to 704, and c. 1.5m distant 3.2 1.7 >1.2 708 Cut Half of circular pit/ditch terminal. Shallow sides, 1.3 1.3 >0.6 rounded base. 709 Fill Grey initial fill of 708 0.12 710 Fill Pale brown middle fill of 708 0.2 Roman 711 Fill Grey latest fill of 708, merges into 701 0.4 Roman 712 Layer Blue grey clay below 701 0.15 713 Layer Grey brown clay, below 712. Similar to 701 c. 0.1 714 Layer Dark grey/black humic silty clay. More organic than c. 0.1 606 and smelt of peat. 715 Layer Blue grey clay below 714. Assumed Wentlooge. >0.1

Trench 8 (Modern ground level 6.3m -6.5m AOD)

No. Type Description Length Width Depth Spot- (m) (m) (m) date 800 Layer Topsoil 0.25 Modern 801 Layer Greyish brown silty clay 0.15 Modern 802 Layer Gravel and pebbles 0.08 Modern 803 Layer Greyish brown, with reddish brown mottles, silty 1.5 clay. Very fine horizontal laminations noted. 804 Layer Blue clay with 10mm brown mottles 0.1 805 Layer As 803 0.15 806 Layer Very dark grey/black clay with little organic material 0.05 seen. 807 Layer As 804

APPENDIX B: THE FINDS

Context Description Ct. Wt.(g) Date 702 Roman pottery: sandy white ware 1 14 E-MC17 Post-medieval pottery: North Devon gravel-tempered ware; 13 641 red sandy ware; late oxidised glazed Malvernian ware; glazed earthenware 703 Post-medieval pottery: late oxidised glazed Malvernian ware 1 32 E-MC17- Clay tobacco pipe: stem 1 4 706 Roman pottery: medium sandy greyware 1 3 Roman 710 Roman pottery: medium sandy greyware 1 3 Roman 711 Roman pottery: fine micaceous organically tempered greyware 6 47 Roman Trench Late glazed earthenware 2 37 7 U/S

Identified animal species by fragment count (NISP) and context. BOS = cattle; S/G = caprovine; LM = large sized mammal; MM = medium sized mammal.

Context BOS S/G LM MM Total Weight (g) 702 1 - - - 1 28.52 706 1 - - 1 2 97.07 710 - 1 2 - 3 22.69 711 1 - - - 1 95.26 u/s Trench 7 2 1 2 - 5 172.07

Identified animal species by element and fragment count (NISP). BOS = cattle; S/G = caprovine; LM = large sized mammal; MM = medium sized mammal.

Element BOS S/G LM MM Atlas 1 - - - Coxae 1 - - - Scapula 1 - - - Humerus 1 - - - Femur - 1 - - Metatarsal 1 1 - - Indet. - - 4 1

Total: 5 2 4 1 MNI: 1 1 - - Weight (g): 376.82 10.91 26.33 1.55

APPENDIX C: THE PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL EVIDENCE

xt No xt Sample No Conte Volume (L) of Percentage sample processed Flots (g) Flot Weight Material Weight (g) Identification (where applicable)

1mm and 1 710 38 100% 1 Charcoal <1g Oak (1) 0.25mm 1mm and 714 20 50% 10 No ecofacts recovered 0.25mm

Species List

Family Species Common Name Fagaceae Quercus spp Oak spp

APPENDIX D: OASIS REPORT FORM

PROJECT DETAILS Project Name Land at Severnside, Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire Short description An archaeological evaluation was undertaken by Cotswold Archaeology in August 2012 at the request of Sita UK on Land at Avonmouth, Severnside. Two trenches were excavated.

The geological deposits comprised alluvium overlying a wet mud, the Wentlooge Formation. A Roman ditch and pit were present in one trench and could be seen to have been dug from within 0.5m of the present ground level. Parallel to and c. 4m away from the Roman ditch was a post medieval ditch. An organic deposit at the top of the Wenlooge Formation was recorded in both trenches at 4.1m and 4.3m AOD respectively. Project dates 28-9 August 2012 Project type Evaluation Previous work None Future work Unknown PROJECT LOCATION Site Location Avonmouth, South Gloucestershire Study area 2.5ha Site co-ordinates ST 5412 8257 PROJECT CREATORS Name of organisation Cotswold Archaeology Project Brief originator South Gloucestershire Council Project Design (WSI) originator Cotswold Archaeology Project Manager Cliff Bateman Project Supervisor Jamie Wright MONUMENT TYPE None SIGNIFICANT FINDS None PROJECT ARCHIVES Intended final location of archive Content Physical Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery Ceramics, animal bone Paper Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery Trench, Context and Photographic sheets, Digital Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery Survey data, digital photos etc BIBLIOGRAPHY CA (Cotswold Archaeology) 2012 Land at Avonmouth, Severnside, South Gloucestershire: Archaeological Evaluation. CA typescript report 12262

15 N Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE South Land at Severnside, Avonmouth Gloucestershire South Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Site location plan

0 1km

FIGURE NO. Reproduced from the 2005 Ordnance Survey Explorer map with PROJECT NO. 3749 DATE 21-09-2012 the permission of Ordnance Survey on behalf of The Controller DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 of Her Majesty's Stationery Office c Crown copyright Cotswold Archaeology Ltd 100002109 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 1:25,000 1

Section AA

SW 700 SW 6m AOD 701 702

701 705 ditch ditch 707 704 703 701 701 706

02m

Section BB

700

SE SE 6m AOD 711

701

701 710

709 pit 708

01m

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Severnside, Avonmouth South Gloucestershire

FIGURE TITLE Trench 7; sections

PROJECT NO. 3749 DATE 21-09-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A3 1:50 & 1:20 4 5

ditch 704

ditch 707

701

712

713

714

Cirencester 01285 771022 Milton Keynes 01908 218320 Cotswold Andover 01264 326549 5 Ditches 707 (foreground) and 704 (background) Archaeology w www.cotswoldarchaeology.co.uk looking north-west e [email protected]

PROJECT TITLE Land at Severnside, Avonmouth 6 Peat layer 714 overlain by 713, 712 and 701 South Gloucestershire FIGURE TITLE Photographs

PROJECT NO. 3749 DATE 21-09-2012 FIGURE NO. DRAWN BY IA REVISION 00 APPROVED BY PJM SCALE@A4 N/A 5 & 6