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39 Ames KM, Maschner H. 1999. Peoples of the northwest coast: their archaeology and prehistory. London: 40 Thames and Hudson, Ltd.

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5 Anderson DW, Keith JO. 1980. The human influence on seabird nesting success: conservation 6 implications. Biological Conservation 18: 65-80.

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18 Bachelet D, Johnson BR, Bridgham SD, Dunn PV, Anderson HE, Rogers BM. 2011. Climate change 19 impacts on western Pacific Northwest prairies and savannas. Northwest Science. 85:411-429.

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22 Baker K, Woody M, Tonnesen G, Hutzell W, Pye H, Beaver M, Pouliot G, Pierce T. 2016. Contribution 23 of regional‐scale fire events to ozone and PM 2.5 air quality estimated by photochemical 24 modeling approaches. Atmospheric Environment. 140: 539‐554.

25 Bart J. 1977. Impact of human visitations on avian nesting success. Living Bird. 16:187-192.

26 Barton AM. 2002. Intense wildfire in southwestern Arizona: transformation of a Madrean oak-pine forest 27 to oak woodland. Forest Ecology and Management. 165:205-212.

28 Batzer PD, Wissinger S. 1996. Ecology of Insect Communities in Nontidal Wetlands. Annual review of 29 entomology. 41: 75-100. 10.1146/annurev.en.41.010196.000451.

30 Beale CM, Monaghan P. 2005. Modeling the effects of limiting the number of visitors on failure rates of 31 seabird nests. Conservation Biology. 19: 2015-2019.

32 Beckwith BR. 2004. The queen root of this clime: ethnographic investigations of blue camas (Camassia 33 leichtlinii (Baker) Wats., C. quamash (Pursh) Greene; Liliaceae) and its landscapes on southern 34 Vancouver Island, British Columbia [dissertation]. Victoria (BC): University of Victoria.

35 Bell DM, Bradford JB, Laurenroth WK. 2014. Early indicators of change: divergent climate envelopes 36 between tree life stages imply range shifts in the western . Global Ecology and 37 Biogeography. 23:168-180.

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8 Booms TL, Cade TJ, Clum NJ. 2008. Gyrfalcon (Falco rusticolus) (website). In: Rodewald, PG, editor. 9 The Birds of North America (website). Ithaca (NY): Cornell Lab of Ornithology [accessed 2017 10 Nov 1] https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/gyrfal/introduction

11 Boyd R. 1999. Introduction: basic issues. In: Boyd, R, editor. Indians, fire and the land in the Pacific 12 Northwest. Corvallis (OR): Oregon State University Press. p. 1-30.

13 Boyle S, Samson F. 1985. Effects of nonconsumptive recreation on wildlife: A review. Wildlife Society 14 Bulletin. 13(2):110-116.

15 Bradley BA, Oppenheimer M, Wilcove DS. 2009. Climate change and plant invasions: restoration 16 opportunities ahead? Global Change Biology. 15(6):1511-1521.

17 Bradley BA, Wilcove DS. 2009. When invasive plants disappear: transformative restoration possibilities 18 in the western United States resulting from climate change. Restoration Ecology. 17(5):715-721.

19 Brant J, Adair J. 2010. Path to a low-carbon economy: an interim plan to address Washington's 20 greenhouse gas emissions. Publication No. 10-01-011. Olympia (WA): Washington State 21 Department of Ecology.

22 Brigham MA, MJ Vonhof, RMR Barclay, and JC Gwilliam. 1997. Roosting behavior and roost-stie 23 preferences of forest-dwelling bats (Myotis californicus). Journal of Mammalogy, 78(4):1231- 24 1239.

25 Broennimann O, Treier UA, Müller-Schärer H, Thuiller W, Peterson AT, Guisan A. 2007. Evidence of 26 climatic niche shift during biological invasion. Ecology Letters. 10(8):701-709.

27 Brown CR, Tarof S. 2013. Purple Martin (Progne subis) (website). In: Rodewald, PG, editor. The Birds of 28 North America (website). Ithaca (NY): Cornell Lab of Ornithology. [accessed 2017 Nov 29 1] https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/purmar/introduction

30 Brown MB, Edwards MS, Kim KY. 2014. Effects of climate change on the physiology of giant kelp, 31 Macrocystis pyrifera, and grazing by purple urchin, Stronglocentrotus purpuratus. Algae. 32 29(3):203-215.

33 Brown RT, Agee JK, Franklin JF. 2004. Forest restoration and fire: principles in the context of place. 34 Conservation Biology. 18(4):903-912.

35 Buehler DA. 2000. (Haliaeetus leucocephalus) (website). In: Rodewald, PG, editor. The Birds 36 of North America (website). Ithaca (NY): Cornell Lab of Ornithology. [accessed 2017 Jun 37 29]. https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/baleagDOI: 10.2173/bna.506

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1 Bull EL, Jackson JA. 2011. Pileated Woodpecker (Dryocopus pileatus) (website). In: Rodewald, PG, 2 editor. The Birds of North America (website). Ithaca (NY): Cornell Lab of Ornithology. 3 [accessed 2017 Jun 24]. https://birdsna.org/Species-Account/bna/species/pilwoo/introduction

4 Buma B, Wessman CA. 2013. Forest resilience, climate change, and opportunities for adaptation: A 5 specific case of a general problem. Forest Ecology and Management 306:216-225.

6 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1988a. Draft planning analysis and environmental assessment for 7 Iceberg Point and Point Colville. Spokane (WA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 8 Management, Spokane District.

9 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1988b. Manual 1613: Areas of Critical Environmental Concern. 10 Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

11 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1990. Final planning analysis, environmental assessment, and 12 proposed decision record for the proposed Iceberg Point and Point Colville Areas of Critical 13 Environmental Concern. Spokane (WA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 14 Management, Spokane District. 15 www.blm.gov/or/districts/spokane/plans/files/Iceberg_Colville_ACEC_DR-EA.pdf

16 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 1991. Final Environmental Impact Statement Vegetation Treatment 17 on BLM Lands in Thirteen Western States. Casper (WY): U.S. Department of the Interior, 18 Bureau of Land Management, Wyoming State Office. (Page 3-58)

19 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2005. Handbook 1601-1: Land use planning. Washington (DC): 20 U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

21 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2007a. National Landscape Conservation System Science Strategy. 22 Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

23 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2007b. Vegetation Treatments on Bureau of Land Management 24 Lands in 17 Western States Programmatic Environmental Report. Washington (DC): U.S. 25 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

26 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2007c. Vegetation Treatments Using Herbicides on BLM Lands in 27 17 Western States Final Programmatic EIS. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, 28 Bureau of Land Management.

29 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2008a. Handbook -1740-2: Integrated vegetation management. U.S. 30 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Washington, DC. 194 p.

31 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2008b. Handbook-1790-1: National Environmental Policy Act. 32 Washington (DC): Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 33 Management. 34 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/uploads/Media_Library_BLM_Policy_Handbook_h1790 35 -1.pdf

36 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2008c. Manual 6840: Special status species management. 37 Washington (DC): Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 38 Management. 39 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/uploads/mediacenter_blmpolicymanual6840.pdf

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1 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2012. Handbook 9211-1: Fire planning. Washington (DC): U.S. 2 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 3 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/uploads/Media%20Center_BLM%20Policy_H-9211- 4 1.pdf

5 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2014a. Decision Record San Juan Islands National Monument 6 routine maintenance: non native plants, invasive and noxious weed maintenance. OR 130-2014- 7 CX-0001. Bureau of Land Management, San Juan Islands National Monument, Lopez Island, 8 WA. 7 p. https://www.blm.gov/or/districts/spokane/plans/files/CXDR_OR_130_2014_0001.pdf

9 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2014b. Handbook 8320-1: Planning for recreation and visitor 10 services. Washington (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management. 11 https://www.blm.gov/sites/blm.gov/files/uploads/Media_Library_BLM_Policy_H-8320-1.pdf

12 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2015a. Final state director’s special status species list. Instruction 13 Memorandum No OR-2015-028. Portland (OR): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 14 Management, Oregon/Washington State Office.

15 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2015b. San Juan Islands National Monument Resource 16 Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement Scoping Report. Spokane (WA): U.S. 17 Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Spokane District. 18 https://go.usa.gov/xRphc

19 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2015c. San Juan Islands National Monument Resource 20 Management Plan and Environmental Impact Statement Scoping Report—Supplement. Spokane 21 (WA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Spokane District. 22 https://go.usa.gov/xRphc

23 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2016a. San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Report. 24 Spokane (WA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, Spokane District. 25 https://go.usa.gov/xRphc

26 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2016b. San Juan Islands National Monument Human Use Report— 27 Supplement. Spokane (WA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management, 28 Spokane District. 29 https://go.usa.gov/xRphc

30 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2016c. Spokane District Bureau of Land Management 31 Environmental Contingency Plan for Emergency Preparedness and Response to Oil and 32 Hazardous Material Incidents. Spokane (WA): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land 33 Management, Spokane District. On file: Spokane District Office, Spokane Valley, WA

34 Bureau of Land Management (BLM). 2016d. Vegetation Treatments Using Aminopyralid, Fluroxypyr, 35 and Rimsulfuron on BLM Lands in 17 Western States Final Programmatic EIS. Washington 36 (DC): U.S. Department of the Interior, Bureau of Land Management.

37 Burger J, Jeitner C, Clark K, Niles LJ. 2004. The effect of human activities on migrant shorebirds: 38 successful adaptive management. Environmental Conservation 31: 283-288.

39 Burgin S, Hardiman N. 2012. Extreme sports in natural areas: Looming disaster or a catalyst for a 40 paradigm shift in land use planning? Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 55(7): 41 921–940.

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