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Cultivar Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition And Cultivar diversity of grape skin polyphenol composition and changes in response to drought investigated by LC-MS based metabolomics Lucie Pinasseau, Anna Vallverdu Queralt, Arnaud Verbaere, Maryline Roques, Emmanuelle Meudec, Loic Le Cunff, Jean-Pierre Peros, Agnes Ageorges, Nicolas Sommerer, Jean Claude Boulet, et al. To cite this version: Lucie Pinasseau, Anna Vallverdu Queralt, Arnaud Verbaere, Maryline Roques, Emmanuelle Meudec, et al.. Cultivar diversity of grape skin polyphenol composition and changes in response to drought investigated by LC-MS based metabolomics. Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2017, 8, 24 p. 10.3389/fpls.2017.01826. hal-01628673 HAL Id: hal-01628673 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01628673 Submitted on 3 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 27 October 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01826 Cultivar Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition and Changes in Response to Drought Investigated by LC-MS Based Metabolomics Lucie Pinasseau 1, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt 1, Arnaud Verbaere 1, Maryline Roques 1, 2, 3, Emmanuelle Meudec 1, Loïc Le Cunff 3, Jean-Pierre Péros 4, Agnès Ageorges 2, Nicolas Sommerer 1, Jean-Claude Boulet 1, Nancy Terrier 2 and Véronique Cheynier 1, 2* Edited by: 1 2 Simone Diego Castellarin, Plateforme Polyphénols SPO, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France, SPO, INRA, 3 University of British Columbia, Canada Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France, IFV Pôle national matériel végétal, UMT Génovigne, Montpellier, France, 4 AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Reviewed by: Jose Carlos Herrera, University of Natural Resources and Phenolic compounds represent a large family of plant secondary metabolites, essential Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria for the quality of grape and wine and playing a major role in plant defense against biotic Markus Keller, Washington State University, and abiotic stresses. Phenolic composition is genetically driven and greatly affected by United States environmental factors, including water stress. A major challenge for breeding of grapevine *Correspondence: cultivars adapted to climate change and with high potential for wine-making is to dissect Véronique Cheynier [email protected] the complex plant metabolic response involved in adaptation mechanisms. A targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography Specialty section: coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) analysis in the This article was submitted to Technical Advances in Plant Science, Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode has been developed for high throughput a section of the journal profiling of the phenolic composition of grape skins. This method enables rapid, selective, Frontiers in Plant Science and sensitive quantification of 96 phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, phenolic acids, Received: 23 May 2017 stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, flavan-3-ol monomers, and oligomers…), and of Accepted: 10 October 2017 Published: 27 October 2017 the constitutive units of proanthocyanidins (i.e., condensed tannins), giving access to Citation: detailed polyphenol composition. It was applied on the skins of mature grape berries Pinasseau L, Vallverdú-Queralt A, from a core-collection of 279 Vitis vinifera cultivars grown with or without watering to Verbaere A, Roques M, Meudec E, Le Cunff L, Péros J-P, Ageorges A, assess the genetic variation for polyphenol composition and its modulation by irrigation, 13 Sommerer N, Boulet J-C, Terrier N in two successive vintages (2014–2015). Distribution of berry weights and δ C values and Cheynier V (2017) Cultivar showed that non irrigated vines were subjected to a marked water stress in 2014 and Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition and Changes in to a very limited one in 2015. Metabolomics analysis of the polyphenol composition Response to Drought Investigated by and chemometrics analysis of this data demonstrated an influence of water stress on LC-MS Based Metabolomics. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1826. the biosynthesis of different polyphenol classes and cultivar differences in metabolic doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01826 response to water deficit. Correlation networks gave insight on the relationships between Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 October 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 1826 Pinasseau et al. Grapevine Polyphenols Response to Drought the different polyphenol metabolites and related biosynthetic pathways. They also established patterns of polyphenol response to drought, with different molecular families affected either positively or negatively in the different cultivars, with potential impact on grape and wine quality. Keywords: grape berry, Vitis vinifera, phenolic compounds, UHPLC-QqQ-MS, metabolomics, water deficit, large-scale studies INTRODUCTION compounds are stored in external cell layers of the cells, an increase of phenolic concentration expressed as mg/g of In the context of climate change, it is of prime importance fresh weight can be measured without any increase of content to anticipate and predict the response of the different biota to expressed in mg/berry (Bucchetti et al., 2011). As a general trend, the changes in environmental conditions, especially for plants, water stress was shown to induce an increase of anthocyanin that are devoid of motility. Climate change is expected to affect content and a qualitative modification of the anthocyanin pool, plant composition and consequently, in the case of crop species when fine analysis was performed (Castellarin et al., 2007; such as grapevine, the quality of plant derived products. Among Bucchetti et al., 2011; Ollé et al., 2011; Hochberg et al., 2015). plant metabolites, secondary metabolites, including phenolic In contrast, conflicting results were obtained on other classes of compounds, have been recognized as playing multiple roles in phenolic compounds. For example, no (Kennedy et al., 2002; Ollé plant response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses and et al., 2011) or slight (Ojeda et al., 2002) modifications in flavan- in particular to water stress (Baker and Orlandi, 1995; Dixon 3-ol composition and a reduction (Hochberg et al., 2015; Savoi and Paiva, 1995; Caldwell et al., 2003). They are also essential et al., 2017) or increase (Deluc et al., 2011; Herrera et al., 2017) of components of plant derived foods and beverages, responsible stilbene accumulation have been observed in response to water for major organoleptic properties such as color and taste and deficit. Cultivar specificity of these responses has been reported contributing health benefit (Manach et al., 2004). by comparing cv. Chardonnay (Deluc et al., 2009) or cv. Syrah Grape phenolic compounds comprise several families, (Hochberg et al., 2015) to cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. This may be divided between non flavonoids (hydroxybenzoic acids, related to hydraulic behavior or to differences in phenological hydroxycinnamic acids, and stilbenes) and flavonoids, based stages (Hochberg et al., 2015) as early and late water deficit affect on the same C6-C3-C6 skeleton (flavonols, dihydroflavonols, phenolic composition in different ways (Ojeda et al., 2002; Ollé flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins). Each family is represented by et al., 2011; Casassa et al., 2015). several compounds differing by their hydroxylation level and by Nevertheless, a major challenge for breeding of grapevine substitution of the hydroxy groups (methylation, glycosylation, cultivars adapted to climate change and with high potential acylation). For example, anthocyanins, the red grape pigments, for wine-making is to describe and dissect the complex global are based on six aglycones which can be mono- or di-glucosylated phenolic response involved in adaptation mechanisms on a and further acylated with acetic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acid, wide range of genotypes. The aim of the present study was to giving rise to a large number of compounds (Favretto and investigate the polyphenol composition and its modification in Flamini, 2000; Heier et al., 2002; Vidal et al., 2004a). Moreover, response to water deficit on a large panel of cultivars reflecting various anthocyanin derivatives such as anthocyanin dimers the genetic diversity of grapevines. and flavan-3-ol anthocyanin adducts have been detected in grape skin extracts (Vidal et al., 2004b). Grape flavan-3-ols also show high diversity. They include several monomers (catechin, MATERIALS AND METHODS epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin 3-gallate) that are the constitutive units of oligomers and Plant Material and Experimental Design polymers (proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins), with The diversity panel (DP) of 279 V. vinifera cultivars described degrees of polymerization ranging from 2 to over 100 in grape by Nicolas et al. (2016) was used for this study. It is composed skin (Souquet et al., 1996). of three
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