DOCSLIB.ORG

Cultivar Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

Cultivar diversity of grape skin polyphenol composition and changes in response to drought investigated by LC-MS based metabolomics Lucie Pinasseau, Anna Vallverdu Queralt, Arnaud Verbaere, Maryline Roques, Emmanuelle Meudec, Loic Le Cunff, Jean-Pierre Peros, Agnes Ageorges, Nicolas Sommerer, Jean Claude Boulet, et al. To cite this version: Lucie Pinasseau, Anna Vallverdu Queralt, Arnaud Verbaere, Maryline Roques, Emmanuelle Meudec, et al.. Cultivar diversity of grape skin polyphenol composition and changes in response to drought investigated by LC-MS based metabolomics. Frontiers in Plant Science, Frontiers, 2017, 8, 24 p. 10.3389/fpls.2017.01826. hal-01628673 HAL Id: hal-01628673 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01628673 Submitted on 3 Nov 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution| 4.0 International License ORIGINAL RESEARCH published: 27 October 2017 doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01826 Cultivar Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition and Changes in Response to Drought Investigated by LC-MS Based Metabolomics Lucie Pinasseau 1, Anna Vallverdú-Queralt 1, Arnaud Verbaere 1, Maryline Roques 1, 2, 3, Emmanuelle Meudec 1, Loïc Le Cunff 3, Jean-Pierre Péros 4, Agnès Ageorges 2, Nicolas Sommerer 1, Jean-Claude Boulet 1, Nancy Terrier 2 and Véronique Cheynier 1, 2* Edited by: 1 2 Simone Diego Castellarin, Plateforme Polyphénols SPO, INRA, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France, SPO, INRA, 3 University of British Columbia, Canada Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France, IFV Pôle national matériel végétal, UMT Génovigne, Montpellier, France, 4 AGAP, INRA, CIRAD, Montpellier SupAgro, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France Reviewed by: Jose Carlos Herrera, University of Natural Resources and Phenolic compounds represent a large family of plant secondary metabolites, essential Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria for the quality of grape and wine and playing a major role in plant defense against biotic Markus Keller, Washington State University, and abiotic stresses. Phenolic composition is genetically driven and greatly affected by United States environmental factors, including water stress. A major challenge for breeding of grapevine *Correspondence: cultivars adapted to climate change and with high potential for wine-making is to dissect Véronique Cheynier [email protected] the complex plant metabolic response involved in adaptation mechanisms. A targeted metabolomics approach based on ultra high-performance liquid chromatography Specialty section: coupled to triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QqQ-MS) analysis in the This article was submitted to Technical Advances in Plant Science, Multiple Reaction Monitoring (MRM) mode has been developed for high throughput a section of the journal profiling of the phenolic composition of grape skins. This method enables rapid, selective, Frontiers in Plant Science and sensitive quantification of 96 phenolic compounds (anthocyanins, phenolic acids, Received: 23 May 2017 stilbenoids, flavonols, dihydroflavonols, flavan-3-ol monomers, and oligomers…), and of Accepted: 10 October 2017 Published: 27 October 2017 the constitutive units of proanthocyanidins (i.e., condensed tannins), giving access to Citation: detailed polyphenol composition. It was applied on the skins of mature grape berries Pinasseau L, Vallverdú-Queralt A, from a core-collection of 279 Vitis vinifera cultivars grown with or without watering to Verbaere A, Roques M, Meudec E, Le Cunff L, Péros J-P, Ageorges A, assess the genetic variation for polyphenol composition and its modulation by irrigation, 13 Sommerer N, Boulet J-C, Terrier N in two successive vintages (2014–2015). Distribution of berry weights and δ C values and Cheynier V (2017) Cultivar showed that non irrigated vines were subjected to a marked water stress in 2014 and Diversity of Grape Skin Polyphenol Composition and Changes in to a very limited one in 2015. Metabolomics analysis of the polyphenol composition Response to Drought Investigated by and chemometrics analysis of this data demonstrated an influence of water stress on LC-MS Based Metabolomics. Front. Plant Sci. 8:1826. the biosynthesis of different polyphenol classes and cultivar differences in metabolic doi: 10.3389/fpls.2017.01826 response to water deficit. Correlation networks gave insight on the relationships between Frontiers in Plant Science | www.frontiersin.org 1 October 2017 | Volume 8 | Article 1826 Pinasseau et al. Grapevine Polyphenols Response to Drought the different polyphenol metabolites and related biosynthetic pathways. They also established patterns of polyphenol response to drought, with different molecular families affected either positively or negatively in the different cultivars, with potential impact on grape and wine quality. Keywords: grape berry, Vitis vinifera, phenolic compounds, UHPLC-QqQ-MS, metabolomics, water deficit, large-scale studies INTRODUCTION compounds are stored in external cell layers of the cells, an increase of phenolic concentration expressed as mg/g of In the context of climate change, it is of prime importance fresh weight can be measured without any increase of content to anticipate and predict the response of the different biota to expressed in mg/berry (Bucchetti et al., 2011). As a general trend, the changes in environmental conditions, especially for plants, water stress was shown to induce an increase of anthocyanin that are devoid of motility. Climate change is expected to affect content and a qualitative modification of the anthocyanin pool, plant composition and consequently, in the case of crop species when fine analysis was performed (Castellarin et al., 2007; such as grapevine, the quality of plant derived products. Among Bucchetti et al., 2011; Ollé et al., 2011; Hochberg et al., 2015). plant metabolites, secondary metabolites, including phenolic In contrast, conflicting results were obtained on other classes of compounds, have been recognized as playing multiple roles in phenolic compounds. For example, no (Kennedy et al., 2002; Ollé plant response to a wide range of biotic and abiotic stresses and et al., 2011) or slight (Ojeda et al., 2002) modifications in flavan- in particular to water stress (Baker and Orlandi, 1995; Dixon 3-ol composition and a reduction (Hochberg et al., 2015; Savoi and Paiva, 1995; Caldwell et al., 2003). They are also essential et al., 2017) or increase (Deluc et al., 2011; Herrera et al., 2017) of components of plant derived foods and beverages, responsible stilbene accumulation have been observed in response to water for major organoleptic properties such as color and taste and deficit. Cultivar specificity of these responses has been reported contributing health benefit (Manach et al., 2004). by comparing cv. Chardonnay (Deluc et al., 2009) or cv. Syrah Grape phenolic compounds comprise several families, (Hochberg et al., 2015) to cv. Cabernet Sauvignon. This may be divided between non flavonoids (hydroxybenzoic acids, related to hydraulic behavior or to differences in phenological hydroxycinnamic acids, and stilbenes) and flavonoids, based stages (Hochberg et al., 2015) as early and late water deficit affect on the same C6-C3-C6 skeleton (flavonols, dihydroflavonols, phenolic composition in different ways (Ojeda et al., 2002; Ollé flavan-3-ols, and anthocyanins). Each family is represented by et al., 2011; Casassa et al., 2015). several compounds differing by their hydroxylation level and by Nevertheless, a major challenge for breeding of grapevine substitution of the hydroxy groups (methylation, glycosylation, cultivars adapted to climate change and with high potential acylation). For example, anthocyanins, the red grape pigments, for wine-making is to describe and dissect the complex global are based on six aglycones which can be mono- or di-glucosylated phenolic response involved in adaptation mechanisms on a and further acylated with acetic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acid, wide range of genotypes. The aim of the present study was to giving rise to a large number of compounds (Favretto and investigate the polyphenol composition and its modification in Flamini, 2000; Heier et al., 2002; Vidal et al., 2004a). Moreover, response to water deficit on a large panel of cultivars reflecting various anthocyanin derivatives such as anthocyanin dimers the genetic diversity of grapevines. and flavan-3-ol anthocyanin adducts have been detected in grape skin extracts (Vidal et al., 2004b). Grape flavan-3-ols also show high diversity. They include several monomers (catechin, MATERIALS AND METHODS epicatechin, gallocatechin, epigallocatechin, and epicatechin 3-gallate) that are the constitutive units of oligomers and Plant Material and Experimental Design polymers (proanthocyanidins or condensed tannins), with The diversity panel (DP) of 279 V. vinifera cultivars described degrees of polymerization ranging from 2 to over 100 in grape by Nicolas et al. (2016) was used for this study. It is composed skin (Souquet et al., 1996). of three
Recommended publications
  • LC–MS/MS and UPLC–UV Evaluation of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins During Rabbiteye Blueberry Juice Processing

    LC–MS/MS and UPLC–UV Evaluation of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins During Rabbiteye Blueberry Juice Processing

    beverages Article LC–MS/MS and UPLC–UV Evaluation of Anthocyanins and Anthocyanidins during Rabbiteye Blueberry Juice Processing Rebecca E. Stein-Chisholm 1, John C. Beaulieu 2,* ID , Casey C. Grimm 2 and Steven W. Lloyd 2 1 Lipotec USA, Inc. 1097 Yates Street, Lewisville, TX 75057, USA; [email protected] 2 United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Regional Research Center, 1100 Robert E. Lee Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70124, USA; [email protected] (C.C.G.); [email protected] (S.W.L.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +1-504-286-4471 Academic Editor: António Manuel Jordão Received: 11 October 2017; Accepted: 1 November 2017; Published: 25 November 2017 Abstract: Blueberry juice processing includes multiple steps and each one affects the chemical composition of the berries, including thermal degradation of anthocyanins. Not-from-concentrate juice was made by heating and enzyme processing blueberries before pressing, followed by ultrafiltration and pasteurization. Using LC–MS/MS, major and minor anthocyanins were identified and semi-quantified at various steps through the process. Ten anthocyanins were identified, including 5 arabinoside and 5 pyrannoside anthocyanins. Three minor anthocyanins were also identified, which apparently have not been previously reported in rabbiteye blueberries. These were delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside), cyanidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside), and petunidin-3-(p- coumaroyl-glucoside). Delphinidin-3-(p-coumaroyl-glucoside) significantly increased 50% after pressing. The five known anthocyanidins—cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, and petunidin—were also quantitated using UPLC–UV. Raw berries and press cake contained the highest anthocyanidin contents and contribute to the value and interest of press cake for use in other food and non-food products.
  • Identification of Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Uses From

    Identification of Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Uses From

    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Article Identification of Compounds with Potential Therapeutic Uses from Sweet Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) Fruits and Their Modulation by Nitric Oxide (NO) Lucía Guevara 1, María Ángeles Domínguez-Anaya 1, Alba Ortigosa 1, Salvador González-Gordo 1 , Caridad Díaz 2 , Francisca Vicente 2 , Francisco J. Corpas 1 , José Pérez del Palacio 2 and José M. Palma 1,* 1 Group of Antioxidant, Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology, Food and Agriculture, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, 18008 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (L.G.); [email protected] (M.Á.D.-A.); [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (S.G.-G.); [email protected] (F.J.C.) 2 Department of Screening & Target Validation, Fundación MEDINA, 18016 Granada, Spain; [email protected] (C.D.); [email protected] (F.V.); [email protected] (J.P.d.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-958-181-1600; Fax: +34-958-181-609 Abstract: Plant species are precursors of a wide variety of secondary metabolites that, besides being useful for themselves, can also be used by humans for their consumption and economic benefit. Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) fruit is not only a common food and spice source, it also stands out for containing high amounts of antioxidants (such as vitamins C and A), polyphenols and capsaicinoids. Citation: Guevara, L.; Particular attention has been paid to capsaicin, whose anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and Domínguez-Anaya, M.Á.; Ortigosa, A.; González-Gordo, S.; Díaz, C.; analgesic activities have been reported in the literature.
  • Isolation of Anthocyanins by High-Speed Countercurrent

    Isolation of Anthocyanins by High-Speed Countercurrent

    ition & F tr oo u d N f S č o c Veli kovska et al., J Nutr Food Sci 2013, 3:6 l i e a n n c r e DOI: 10.4172/2155-9600.1000243 u s o J Journal of Nutrition & Food Sciences ISSN: 2155-9600 Research Article Open Access Isolation of Anthocyanins by High-Speed Countercurrent Chromatography and Application of the Color Activity Concept to Different Varieties of Red Grape Pomace from Macedonia Sanja Kostadinović Veličkovska1*, Hamed Mirhosseini2 and Elena Bogeva3 1Faculty of Agriculture, University “Goce Delčev”, Krste Misirkov bb, 2000 Štip, Macedonia 2Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University Putra Malaysia, Sri Serdang, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3Experimental laboratory of wines and wine-making, Elenov winery, Demir Kapija, Macedonia Abstract Anthocyanins of Macedonian grape pomace from three varieties “Pinot noir”, “Merlot” and “Vranec” were isolated by high speed countercurrent chromatography. After purification of the fractions by means of preparative high performance liquid chromatography the structures of isolated pigments were elucidated by electrospray ionization multiple mass spectrometry (ESI-MSn) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The major anthocyanin malvidin-3-glucoside and the minor pigments delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-p-coumarоyl-glucoside were isolated. The “Color activity concept” was applied and visual detection thresholds of isolated anthocyanins were determined. The results of the “color activity value” of the isolated pigments and their detection thresholds were in good agreement with the color shade of the different varieties of red grape pomace. Keywords: Red grape pomace; HSCCC; NMR; Anthocyanins; Color using NMR spectroscopy confirmed the structure of the most abundant activity concept pigments in plants [11-20].
  • Microclimatic Influences on Grape Quality

    Microclimatic Influences on Grape Quality

    AusdemInstitutfürWeinanalytikundGetränkeforschung derHochschuleGeisenheimUniversity Prof.Dr.HelmutDietrich unddem InstitutfürPŇanzenbauundPŇanzenzüchtungII derJustusͲLiebigͲUniversitätGießen ProfessurfürBiometrieundPopulationsgenetik Prof.Dr.MatthiasFrisch Microclimaticinfluencesongrapequality Dissertation zurErlangungdesGradeseinesDoktors derAgrarwissenschaften imFachbereich Agrarwissenschaften,OekotrophologieundUmweltmanagement JustusͲLiebigͲUniversitätGießen Vorgelegtvon MatthiasFriedelausAlzenau Gießen,31.03.2017 Selbständigkeitserklärung Icherkläre:IchhabedievorgelegteDissertationselbständigundohneunerlaubte fremde Hilfe und nur mit den Hilfen angefertigt, die ich in der Dissertation angegebenhabe.AlleTextstellen,diewörtlichodersinngemäßausveröffentlichten Schriften entnommen sind, und alle Angaben, die auf mündlichen Auskünften beruhen,sindalssolchekenntlichgemacht.Beidenvonmirdurchgeführtenundin der Dissertation erwähnten Untersuchungen habe ich die Grundsätze guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis, wie sie in der „Satzung der JustusͲLiebigͲUniversität Gießen zur Sicherung guter wissenschaftlicher Praxis“ niedergelegt sind, eingehalten. Declarationofauthorship Ideclare: thisdissertationsubmittedisaworkof myown,writtenwithoutany illegitimate help by any third party and only with materials indicated in the dissertation. I have indicated in the text where I have used text from already publishedsources,eitherwordforwordorinsubstance,andwhereIhavemade statements based on oral information given to me. At any time during the investigationscarriedoutbymeanddescribedinthedissertation,Ifollowedthe
  • A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Chrysanthemin As a Pigment for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

    A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Chrysanthemin As a Pigment for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells

    molecules Article A Combined Experimental and Computational Study of Chrysanthemin as a Pigment for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Atoumane Ndiaye 1,2 , Alle Dioum 1, Corneliu I. Oprea 2 , Anca Dumbrava 3,* , Jeanina Lungu 2, Adrian Georgescu 2, Florin Moscalu 2, Mihai A. Gîr¸tu 2,* , Aboubaker Chedikh Beye 1 and Issakha Youm 1,* 1 Department of Physics, Cheikh Anta Diop University of Dakar, 5005 Dakar-Fann, Senegal; [email protected] (A.N.); [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (A.C.B.) 2 Department of Physics, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania; [email protected] (C.I.O.); [email protected] (J.L.); [email protected] (A.G.); fl[email protected] (F.M.) 3 Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Ovidius University of Constanta, 900527 Constanta, Romania * Correspondence: [email protected] (A.D.); [email protected] (M.A.G.); [email protected] (I.Y.) Abstract: The theoretical study of chrysanthemin (cyanidin 3-glucoside) as a pigment for TiO2-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) was performed with the GAUSSSIAN 09 simulation. The electronic spectra of neutral and anionic chrysanthemin molecules were calculated by density functional theory with B3LYP functional and DGDZVP basis set. A better energy level alignment was found for partially deprotonated molecules of chrysanthemin, with the excited photoelectron having enough energy in order to be transferred to the conduction band of TiO2 semiconductor in DSSCs. In addition, we used the raw aqueous extracts of roselle (Hibiscus sabdariffa) calyces as the source of chrysanthemin Citation: Ndiaye, A.; Dioum, A.; and the extracts with various pH values were tested in DSSCs.
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum

    Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum

    CHEMISTRY AND PHARMACOLOGY OF KINKÉLIBA (COMBRETUM MICRANTHUM), A WEST AFRICAN MEDICINAL PLANT By CARA RENAE WELCH A Dissertation submitted to the Graduate School-New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate Program in Medicinal Chemistry written under the direction of Dr. James E. Simon and approved by ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ ______________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey January, 2010 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Chemistry and Pharmacology of Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum), a West African Medicinal Plant by CARA RENAE WELCH Dissertation Director: James E. Simon Kinkéliba (Combretum micranthum, Fam. Combretaceae) is an undomesticated shrub species of western Africa and is one of the most popular traditional bush teas of Senegal. The herbal beverage is traditionally used for weight loss, digestion, as a diuretic and mild antibiotic, and to relieve pain. The fresh leaves are used to treat malarial fever. Leaf extracts, the most biologically active plant tissue relative to stem, bark and roots, were screened for antioxidant capacity, measuring the removal of a radical by UV/VIS spectrophotometry, anti-inflammatory activity, measuring inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells, and glucose-lowering activity, measuring phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) mRNA expression in an H4IIE rat hepatoma cell line. Radical oxygen scavenging activity, or antioxidant capacity, was utilized for initially directing the fractionation; highlighted subfractions and isolated compounds were subsequently tested for anti-inflammatory and glucose-lowering activities. The ethyl acetate and n-butanol fractions of the crude leaf extract were fractionated leading to the isolation and identification of a number of polyphenolic ii compounds.
  • Frontespizio Tesi Per Commissari

    Frontespizio Tesi Per Commissari

    To my sister II II Table of Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT I INTRODUCTION Introduction 3 Aim 4 Selected matrices 5 General conclusions 6 CHAPTER I AGRICULTURAL RESIDUES AS A SOURCE OF BIOACTIVE NATURAL PRODUCTS 1.1. Introduction 9 1.2. Agricultural residues 10 1.3. Valorisation processes 10 1.4. Recovery of bioactive natural products 12 1.5. Bioactive compounds from vegetable and fruit by-products 13 1.6. Remarks on the use of by-products and future prospects 16 1.7. Food waste valorisation: winery waste and by-products 18 CHAPTER II TECHNIQUES FOR ANALYSIS OF BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS 2.1. Extraction 23 2.1.1. PLE 25 2.1.2. SFE 27 2.1.3. UAE 28 2.2. Analytical techniques 28 EXPERIMENTAL PART Table of Contents CHAPTER III SECTION A CHEMICAL PROFILE AND CELLULAR ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF ARTICHOKE BY-PRODUCTS 3A 1. Introduction 35 3A 2. Results and discussion 36 3A 2.1. Phenolic profile of artichoke by-products by UHPLC-DAD- 36 HRMS n 3A 2.2. Quantitative profile of artichoke by-products 41 3A 2.3. Inulin content of artichoke by-products 46 3A 2.4. Cellular antioxidant activity (CAA) of artichoke by- 46 products 3A 3. Conclusions 50 3A 4. Materials and methods 50 3A 4.1. Materials 50 3A 4.2. Artichoke by-product samples 51 3A 4.3. Phenolic compounds extraction 52 3A 4.4. UHPLC-DAD-HRMS n analysis 52 3A 4.5. Quantitative analysis by UHPLC-UV 53 3A 4.6. Determination of inulin 55 3A 4.7. Cell cultures, treatments and viability assay 56 3A 4.8.
  • Natural Sources, Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites

    Natural Sources, Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites

    nutrients Review Natural Sources, Pharmacokinetics, Biological Activities and Health Benefits of Hydroxycinnamic Acids and Their Metabolites Matej Sova 1,* and Luciano Saso 2 1 Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, Aškerˇceva7, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia 2 Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; [email protected] * Correspondence: matej.sova@ffa.uni-lj.si; Tel.: +386-1-476-9556 Received: 24 June 2020; Accepted: 22 July 2020; Published: 23 July 2020 Abstract: Hydroxycinnamic acids (HCAs) are important natural phenolic compounds present in high concentrations in fruits, vegetables, cereals, coffee, tea and wine. Many health beneficial effects have been acknowledged in food products rich in HCAs; however, food processing, dietary intake, bioaccessibility and pharmacokinetics have a high impact on HCAs to reach the target tissue in order to exert their biological activities. In particular, metabolism is of high importance since HCAs’ metabolites could either lose the activity or be even more potent compared to the parent compounds. In this review, natural sources and pharmacokinetic properties of HCAs and their esters are presented and discussed. The main focus is on their metabolism along with biological activities and health benefits. Special emphasis is given on specific effects of HCAs’ metabolites in comparison with their parent compounds. Keywords: diet; natural compounds; phenolic acids; hydroxycinnamic acids; metabolites; pharmacokinetic properties; biological activities; health effects 1. Introduction Our diet rich in plant food contains several health-beneficial ingredients. Among such ingredients, polyphenols represent one of the most important natural compounds. Phenolic compounds are members of probably the largest group of plant secondary metabolites and have the main function to protect the plants against ultraviolet radiation or invasion by pathogens [1,2].
  • Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability As a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications

    Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability As a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications

    antioxidants Review Plant Phenolics: Bioavailability as a Key Determinant of Their Potential Health-Promoting Applications Patricia Cosme , Ana B. Rodríguez, Javier Espino * and María Garrido * Neuroimmunophysiology and Chrononutrition Research Group, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Science, University of Extremadura, 06006 Badajoz, Spain; [email protected] (P.C.); [email protected] (A.B.R.) * Correspondence: [email protected] (J.E.); [email protected] (M.G.); Tel.: +34-92-428-9796 (J.E. & M.G.) Received: 22 October 2020; Accepted: 7 December 2020; Published: 12 December 2020 Abstract: Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom that can be categorized as flavonoids and non-flavonoids. Interest in phenolic compounds has dramatically increased during the last decade due to their biological effects and promising therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss the importance of phenolic compounds’ bioavailability to accomplish their physiological functions, and highlight main factors affecting such parameter throughout metabolism of phenolics, from absorption to excretion. Besides, we give an updated overview of the health benefits of phenolic compounds, which are mainly linked to both their direct (e.g., free-radical scavenging ability) and indirect (e.g., by stimulating activity of antioxidant enzymes) antioxidant properties. Such antioxidant actions reportedly help them to prevent chronic and oxidative stress-related disorders such as cancer, cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases, among others. Last, we comment on development of cutting-edge delivery systems intended to improve bioavailability and enhance stability of phenolic compounds in the human body. Keywords: antioxidant activity; bioavailability; flavonoids; health benefits; phenolic compounds 1. Introduction Phenolic compounds are secondary metabolites widely spread throughout the plant kingdom with around 8000 different phenolic structures [1].
  • Determination of Major Anthocyanin

    Determination of Major Anthocyanin

    02_benmeziane_05b-tomazic 13/10/16 13:03 Page125 DETERMINATION OF MAJOR ANTHOCYANIN PIGMENTS AND FLAVONOLS IN RED GRAPE SKIN OF SOME TABLE GRAPE VARIETIES ( VITIS VINIFERA SP.) BY HIGH-PERFORMANCE LIQUID CHROMATOGRAPHY–PHOTODIODE ARRAY DETECTION (HPLC-DAD) Farida BENMEZIANE 1* , Yves CADOT 2, Rachid DJAMAI 3 and Lynda DJERMOUN 4 1: Department of Agronomy, University of El-Tarf, PB 73, El-Tarf 36000, Algeria 2: Institut de Recherche en Horticulture et Semences UMR1345 (INRA / Agrocampus-Ouest / Université d’Angers), 42 rue Georges Morel BP 60057, 49071 Beaucouzé Cedex, France 3: Department of Biology, University of Badji-Mokhtar, Annaba, PB 12, Annaba 23000, Algeria 4: University A. Mira of Bejaia, Faculty of Sciences of Nature and Life, Department of Food Science, 3BS Laboratory, Bejaia 06000, Algeria Abstract Aim : The aim of this study was the investigation of the anthocyanin and flavonol content in grape skin extracts. Five prevalent anthocyanin-types and four flavonol-types were determined in the skin of three red table grape varieties widely cultivated in El- Tarf (Algeria). Methods and results : The identification of the compounds was performed by HPLC-DAD based on C-18 reversed phase column separation. Results from HPLC analysis showed that malvidin and petunidin-3- O-glucoside were the major anthocyanin glucoside, whereas quercetin-3- O-glucoside was the major flavonol among the four identified. Conclusion : The content of anthocyanins and flavonols in the grape skin of three grapevine ( Vitis vinifera ) varieties exhibits notable differences among the cultivars studied, confirming their importance in the varietal characterization. The highest concentrations of total anthocyanins and flavonols corresponded to the Gros noir variety.
  • Could Purple Tomatoes Help Us Be Healthier?

    Could Purple Tomatoes Help Us Be Healthier?

    Caroline Wood Could purple tomatoes Key words genetic engineering cancer help us be healthier? superfoods ne of the greatest global health challenges just three crops – rice, wheat and maize – provide an BMI (body mass we face is the obesity epidemic. In 2014, estimated 60% of the world’s energy intake. Yet as index) is mass (in Othe World Health Organisation (WHO) our dietary repertoire has shrunk, levels of obesity kg) / height (in m) estimated that worldwide 39% of adults over 18 and its associated diseases have rapidly climbed. squared years were overweight (with a BMI of 25+) and 13% In fact, a lack of fruit and vegetables is ranked as were obese (with a BMI of 30+). This has led to a the second highest risk factor for cancer in men, dramatic surge in the levels of non-communicable and the fifth highest in women in the UK Figure( 2). diseases such as type II diabetes, cardiovascular This is thought to be because plants produce many heart disease (CVD) and certain cancers. We’ve all products as part of their natural metabolism that heard that certain ‘superfoods’ contain compounds are beneficial for our health. that can help combat these diseases, but these are often expensive and not accessible to everyone. If only everyday foods could be engineered to have these enhanced health effects… but thanks to genetic engineering, scientists have started to do just that, giving us purple tomatoes! Our changing diet Andrew Davis, John Innes Centre When humans lived as hunter-gatherers, we would have consumed a much wider range of fruit and vegetables, whereas today our diets are heavily Figure 1 A comparison between what our hunter-gatherer ancestors may have ! based on cereal crops (Figure 1).
  • Structure Assignment and H/D-Exchange Behavior of Several Glycosylated Polyphenols Andreas H

    Structure Assignment and H/D-Exchange Behavior of Several Glycosylated Polyphenols Andreas H

    University of the Pacific Scholarly Commons College of the Pacific aF culty Articles All Faculty Scholarship 1-1-2014 Structure assignment and H/D-exchange behavior of several glycosylated polyphenols Andreas H. Franz University of the Pacific, [email protected] Ilona Serebnitskaya University of the Pacific Gurbir Gudial University of the Pacific Christopher Wallis San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles Part of the Chemistry Commons Recommended Citation Franz, A. H., Serebnitskaya, I., Gudial, G., & Wallis, C. (2014). Structure assignment and H/D-exchange behavior of several glycosylated polyphenols. ARKIVOC, 2014(5), 1–29. DOI: 10.3998/ark.5550190.p008.583 https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/cop-facarticles/143 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the All Faculty Scholarship at Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in College of the Pacific aF culty Articles by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. General Papers ARKIVOC 2014 (v) 94-122 Structure assignment and H/D-exchange behavior of several glycosylated polyphenols Andreas H. Franz,a* Ilona Serebnitskaya,a Gurbir Gudial,a and Christopher Wallisb a Department of Chemistry, University of the Pacific, 3601 Pacific Avenue, Stockton, CA 95211, USA b Crop Diseases, Pests, and Genetics Research Unit, USDA-ARS San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, 9611 S. Riverbend Ave, Parlier, CA 93648, USA E-mail: [email protected] DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3998/ark.5550190.p008.583 Abstract The NMR-structures of six polyphenols, resveratrol (1), (-)-epicatechin (2), pelargonidin chloride (3), cyanidin chloride (4), cyanin chloride (5), and keracyanin chloride (6), were fully assigned.