(Entered atthe Post OfIlce of New'Ycirk, N. Y., as Second·QIass:Matter.] A WEEKLY JOURNAL OF PRACTICAL INFORMATION. ART. SCIENCE. MECHANICS,. CHEMISTRY AND MANUFACTURES. VOJ. XLVlII.-No.eERlEs.] 1S_] [$3.20 perAIIDllm· [NlIW NEW YORK, MAROH 31, 1883. [1'08rAGE PREPAID.] IMPROVED FILTERS. which is in a loosely moving stat the next llner imptlrities e ; our issue of Janua y 7, 1882, we gave an illustrated of r In r are arrested a little further away, where. the current wate descripthn of the" Multifold Filter," manufactured by the being. lowel', the sand is not so much di.sturbed; finer s par­ Newark Filtering Company. That filter was ·composed.of ticles again are stopped further away. by the . stil denser I stlperposed compartment�, the s n s several a d in which wa sand; and so tbe process goes on by gradations, till the water . -- wasbedby means of traveling jets of water comes Band w ich is motionless and compact.' In this . into h plan of washing is the i nvention of Mr. Clark, d. The P. of compact san adjacent to the outlet, the fine and last iie­ Rahway, N. J., while the multi old construction of the fll� maini llg impurities. are obst ucte an d pure water passes f r d, tel' was invented by Mr. J. W. yatt, of Newnrk. Th the D, into the outlet pipe, H e through tubes, C, E. multifohl jet washer filter was a very excellent filtering de This description applies to each of the three varieties of "Vi e , and vcry likely no chau e in the system of filtering Hyatt filters here shown. It s c g permit a larger amourit of would have been adopted by this company had it not been water to be filtered by a given quantity of sand tban is for tbe inventive activity Mr. Hyatt, the president si of J. W. possible. where the lt and impurities are permitted to il1 c It of �the company. The results of his invention in th di­ a cumulate in dense I;ltratum upon the motionless surface rection are seen in three styles of tllters here illust ated, and of a 1l1t13r'b ed At the same nd is r . time the sa in condition which a e styled the Hyatt filters. to be .more easily cleansed, the implt itie being lOosely dis r r s ­ In these machines the movement of the water throu�h the tributed among the particles of sand instead' of adhering filter and the means of removing impurities arrested by together in a mo e or less tenacious mass. the r the filtering medium are striking I:.nd novel. The filtering process having thus been expl ine , the a d . While these filters are adapte to the use of animal char­ method of cleansing the sand the c d from ac umulated impuri­ coal, �ood charcoal, and various other filtering materials, ties will·be described. As a rule the sand in a filtellshould there are v4l.ry few cases where anything like tile qnantity be thoroughly wa�hed at least once a day, although this de­ and quality of water can be filtered by these substances so pends upon the character and amount of impurities which the efficiently and c o ic ly as by t use of' s water contains. In w t e on m al he uitable sand. warm ea her; especially, cleansing Where sand can always be. kept clean and without waste as i should be donefrequently prevent de omposi n of , to e tio the or­ can be done Hyatt filters, it is the m st effective and ganic matter remaining in the sand, whic makes in the o h filters at the same time least expensive of all filtering substances which are ouly cleansed at long interval� fountains of filth for purifying large quantities of water. instead of purity. The econ my of sand for lterin is shown, for instaLlce, In was ing Hyatt filter No. 1, o fi g h the handle of the compound the fact that the san in a filter containiilg bush s cock, A, is turned by d 50 el to the left as far as it will go. This shuts cos.ts but It mere trifle, while bushels of animal charcoal off the water from the valve , an permits it 50 B, d to enter would cost about *150. The Band will last for many years through the small valves, F, which are distri buted at regu­ without deterioration, while the charcoal, which while fresh, la.1'. iptervals in the bottom of the filter bed. From these is excellent for decolol'izing water, will become unfit for TRE HYATT FILTER NO.1. valves tbe water rUSches upward through the sand, loosening use in three mouths. and carry:ng with it of the two or aU therefo e . speale lit d ur ie W"fJ 8ba11. r s an imp it s that have in i is ' article of sand as the been etaine in the sand h r d filtering agent employed. while filtering, and discharg­ - yat filter No. is ing them tb ugh the cent l The H t 1 ro ra especially adapted to houses, pipe , G, rom which it issues f smull ste m boilers, laun ries, one of the ing t a d by open s in he e c. and wlle ever tbe quan­ A, t ; r compound cock, into the tity of"iVater to be filtered is waste pipe, V. Five or ten supplied through a t inch minute!'for washing is u8u\\lly pipe under a of five quite sufficient; and if tbis pre;'�ure be or six atmo p e es , done regularly eac h r or les�. h ,quy, tbe operation is as follows : filter will be kept s Its in lhemo t The water is admitted by the perfect order and will do its mpoun coc ,A and passes wo co d Ji , rk for a' practically in­ o gh valve, Wlil.to the tllr u the definite period, as .there is no sand. The cours the waste of sand, and th filter � e 'Water, during the operation const ucte of bituminized is r d of lterin , is indi ated by the iron and no workin parts fi g c has g arrows shown in the cnt. A. liable et out of to g order. por ion of the asses A t water p fter washing, the handle M1 upward from B, ed 'right until it the valve, en­ turn to t1!,e tirely through the sand by the s�ops, and filtering is at once side of the filter' to the top, resumed. the dis­ Some of thes filters are ar! and then descends to e charge pipes. Other portions ranged for the introduction of tray-erse the sand from the side the unfiltered water over the at various heights, between sand instead of at the bottom. the top and bottom and all It is then l e ed downward , fi t r escapin through the perfor­ br g p ­ g and discharged t ou h er t s In a ed di charge tubes, C,' D. foratt'd metal' .below. a The upward cnrrent of water filter of the form and capacity enterillg from the valve, B, of house filter No.1, tllis ar­ loosens up the sand and keeps rangement will give finer fil­ it a state of mild ebullition tration but less quuntity of iQ a for a distance laterally some­ water. The plan of washing tbing less than one-fourth of the sa5d is, .however, as above the the filter. The describ . diameter of ed sand is loosened the most and . Hyatt filter No. 2 is Ufde has the greatest motion next in diameters of a 40, 50,96, od to the side of the filter, while 120 inches respectively. Tbey further away it gradually are worked";tn gangs or series moves slower, and becomes of. from num­ two to ten in clo�era8 the distance increases ber, as may be . The d�sired., froul the si , until motion method of lLerlng is the same de fi ceases, and the sand compacts as has been oescrihed 'In No• 1 th�,.wat·er passin up together more' and· ino re by . ; g trom the pl'essure of itbe water t i e pasSing bi' nl t val vQ,':s,and passing through.· h o ou By t is acr �s to the tlet screens. in llrst part of By r ce arroWs piau, the tile eferen to the operation; the '" shown in t cuts and 'to he filteriug' COBra- he t .lmpurit ies wa·ter' are: de!lcription of No. &&t in the- filter I,. this "'talned in distribuwd con� . filtration ,Will a meibodQf be dition by the portion of sand .. em :ru llYA:r:r I'IL'lU NO 2. (Oontin'/.i¢ pagtl194.) © 1883 SCIENTIFIC AMERICAN, INC 192 J'tituJifit !mttitau. [MARCH 31, 1883. EDUCATION FOR MECHANICS. SITES FOR WATER SUPPLIES. The question of the extent of the benefits of education to The transition from a village to a city is so rapid in this the working mechanic is an old one. Many place too high country as to seem to be due to toe agency of the " magic a value upon the utility of learning. To them knowledge lamp," and yet all the privileges and conveniences enjoyed seems all powerful; it is a key that unlocks every door. by the old are demanded by the new communities.