RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, NUMBER The CRISIS Vol. 13 No. 3 JANUARY, 1917 Whole No. 75

^-Photograph by George W. Brown

ONE DOLLAR A YEAR i TEN. CENTS A COPY National Pre-ident Vice-Presidents OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD, New Y'ork MOORFIELD STOREY, Boston REV. JOHN* HAYNES HOLMES. New Y'ork Chairman of the Board of Directors JOHN E. MILHOLLAND. New Y'ork DR. J. E. SPINGARN, New York ARCHIBALD H. GRIMK6. Washington Director of Publications and Research MARY WHITE OVIXGTON. Brooklyn DR. \Y. E. B. DU BOIS, New Y'ork REV. G. R. WALLER, Springfield, Mass. NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE

OSWALD GARRISON VILLARD DIRECTORS ROY NASH Treasurer Secretary Chicago Brooklyn New York JANE ADDAMS DR. V. MORTON JONES REV. HUTCHINS C. BISHOP DR. C. E. BENTLEY DR. O. M. WALLER MRS. FLORENCE KELLEY New Haven PAUL KEXNADAY Boston CHARLES EDWARD RUSSELL JOSEPH PRINCE LOUD GEORGE W. CRAWFORD ARTHUR B. SPINGARN BUTLER R. WILSON Philadelphia CHARLES H. STUDIN DR. WILLIAM A. SINCLAIR Baltimore DR. JOHN G. UNDERHILL BISHOP JOHN HURST Washington LILLIAN D. WALD DR. F. N. CARDOZO PROF. GEO. WILLIAM COOK WILLIAM ENGLISH WALLING

The present exodus of Negro labor from the South offers the chance of a generation for bettering the status of colored people throughout America. To take advantage of the situation requires two additional finan­ cial burdens for 1917: a national organizer to take charge of the field work; and a trained newspaper writer who will tackle the very difficult task of getting the facts of the Negro's problems into the daily press. We need $5000. Can we put you down for five?

Date 1917. j MEMBERSHIP BLANK The Crisis is sent without further charge to members paving two dollars or more.

OSWALD GARRISON YILLARD, Treasurer, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York. SIR: I desire to become a member of the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People and to receive The Crisis. In payment of my dues for one year, I enclose dollars.

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Mention THE Caisis THE CRISIS A RECORD OF THE DARKER RACES

PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE. AT 70 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK CITY. CONDUCTED BY W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS; AUGUSTUS GRANVILLE DILL, BUSINESS MANAGER

Contents Copyrighted, 1916, by the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

Contents for January, 1917

PICTURES COVER. The Mechanics' Savings Bank of Richmond, Virginia. Photo­ graph by George E. Brown. MEN OF RICHMOND 128 COLORED RICHMOND 130-131 ARTICLES CENSORSHIP. By the late Inez Milholland 116 MAMMY. A Story. By Adeline F. Ries 117 EBON MAID AND GIRL OF MINE. A Poem. By Lucian B. Watkins. . . 118 THE LATE WILLIAM A. HUNTON 119 COLORED RICHMOND 124 MEN OF RICHMOND , 127 THE FINAL STRAIN. A Poem. By G. Douglas Johnson 132 DEPARTMENTS EDITORIAL Ill NATIONAL ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF COLORED PEOPLE 120 THE OUTER POCKET 122 THE LOOKING GLASS 133 THE HORIZON 140

HAPPY NEW YEAR to you—readers and subscribers and loyal friends of THE CRISIS magazine. The success of THE CRISIS during these six years of its existence is due in large part to the continued support and hearty co-operation which you have given us.

Eor the year 1917? Well, we want to make it the best year yet. In spirit and tone of the magazine we shall keep to the usual high standard. In news notes, articles and pictures we shall endeavor to be instructive anrl helpful. In service wc shall be always on the alert to do our best. And on to the 50,000!

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FOREIGN SUBSCRIPTIONS TWENTY-FIVE CENTS EXTRA RENEWALS: The date of expiration of each subscription is printed on the wrapper. When the subscription is due, a blue renewal blank is enclosed. CHANGE OF ADDRESS: The address of a subscriber can be changed as often as desired. In ordering a change of address, both the old and the new address must be given. Two weeks* notice is required. MANUSCRIPTS and drawings relating to colored people are desired. They must be accom­ panied by return postage. If found unavailable they will be returned. Entered as Second-class Matter in the P*st Office at New York, N. Y. 108 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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The NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL

"/ cordially commend the school's interest and needs to all who believe in the Negro race and in our obligation to help promote its intellectual, moral and religious uplift." REV. DR. CHARLES H. PAEKHURST, New York City.

IT IS MORE THAN A MERE SCHOOL IT IS A COMMUNITY OF SERVICE AND UPLIFT Its influence is destined to be felt in all sections of the country in improved Negro community life wherever our trained workers locate. Settlement workers, missionaries for home and foreign mission fields, Y. M. C. A. and Y. W. C. A. secretaries and district nurses receive a compre­ hensive grasp of their studies under a Wellesley graduate and experienced co­ workers and actual every-day practice through the school's SOCIAL SERVICE DEPARTMENT. A HIGH STANDARD COLLEGE DEPARTMENT has now been established. We aim also to create a better qualified ministry. Industrial training, advanced literary branches, business school. Thirty-two acres; ten modern buildings; healthful location. We can accommodate a few more earnest, ambitious students. Communities requiring social workers should write us. School Term Opened Oct. 4, 1916

For catalog and detailed information, address: PRESIDENT JAMES E. SHEPARD NATIONAL TRAINING SCHOOL DURHAM, N. C. fTiinnmninimiimimiimiiiminnimnimiiminNimiimiiiniiiiiiiiiiiiuiiiiNijraiimiiiiiiimiiiiiiiiiiiimiiiiiiiim

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TECHNICAL COLLEGE Under the management of the So­ ciety of Friends. Beautifully lo­ (Formerly A. & M. College) cated, healthful, well appointed. Fall Term began September 1, 1916. This school offers to young colored Board, lodging and tuition $8.00 per men and women who have a rea­ month. sonable secondary school prepara­ Maintained by the Governments of the United States and of North Caro­ tion, and who earnestly desire to lina. become teachers, courses in aca­ Short courses. demic work, domestic science, do­ Courses leading to the degrees of mestic art, manual crafts and Bachelor of Science in Agriculture and Bachelor of Science in Mechanics. agriculture. Tuition is free. Board,

Write today for catalog. lodging, heat, light and laundry privileges are offered for nine Address: months for $100. The entrance PRESIDENT DUDLEY fee is $7. Fall term opened Sep­ tember 16, 1916. A. & T. College For full information, write to Greensboro, N. C. LESLIE PINCKNEY HILL, Principal.

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 109

Atlanta University MOREHOUSE COLLEGE (Formerly Atlanta Baptist College) Is beautifully located in the City of Atlanta, Ga. The courses of study include High ATLANTA, GA School, Normal School and College, with College, Academy, Divinity- School manual training and domestic science. Among An institution famous within recent years the teachers are graduates of Yale, Harvard, for its emphasis on all sides of manly develop­ Dartmouth and Wellesley. Forty-seven years ment—the only institution in the far South of successful work have been completed. devoted solely to the education of Negro Students come from all parts of the South. young men. Graduates are almost universally successful. For further information address Graduates given high ranking by greatest northern universities. Debating, Y. M. C. A., President EDWARD T. WARE athletics, ALL live features. ATLANTA, CA. For information address JOHN HOPE, President Knoxville College Beautiful Situation. Healthful Location. The Best Moral and Spiritual Environ­ WILEY UNIVERSITY ment. A Splendid Intellectual Atmo­ sphere. Noted for Honest and Thorough MARSHALL, TEXAS Work. Recognized as a college of the First Qass Offers full courses in the following de­ partments: College, Normal, High School, by Texas and Louisiana State Boards of Grammar School and Industrial. Education. Harvard, Yale and Columbia Good water, steam heat, electric lights, good drainage. Expenses very reasonable. represented on its faculty; students gath­ Fall Term Began September 21,1916 ered from ten different states. For information address STRONGEST MUSIC DEPARTMENT IN THE WEST President R. W. Mc GRANAHAN KNOXVILLE, TENN. M. W. DOG AN. President

ST. MARY'S SCHOOL FISK UNIVERSITY An Episcopal boarding school for girls, NASHVILLE, TENN. under the direction of .the Sisters of St. Mary. Founded 1866 Address: THE SISTER-IN-CHARGE Thorough Literary, Scientific, Educational, 609 N. 43d St W. Philadelphia, Pa. Musical and Social Science Courses. Pioneer IN Negro music. Special study IN Negro life. Ideal and sanitary buildings and grounds. The Colored Teacher Well-equipped Science building. A Practical Educational Journal Christian home life. containing A Department of Methods and Practical Helps for *High standard of independent manhood and Teachers; a Department of Rural Education; and a womanhood. For literature, etc., write Department of Current Educational News, conducted by the best trained teachers; besides Editorials, etc. FAYETTE AVERY McKENZIE, President $1.00 per year, 10 cents per copy. Agents wanted. Address The Colored Teacher, Box 22, Wilberforce, Ohio. Morris Brown University

vC a enc Atlanta, Ga. teachers ^ ^ £ y furnishes the • Hi/*V>M*J-*1*J connecting medium in a busi­ ness way between teachers and schools and relieves Co-Educational teachers of the embarrassment of job hunting. The largest institution of learning in the South We have had calls for teachers from Alabama, owned and controlled by Negroes. Faculty of special­ Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, ists, trained in some of the best universities in the Georgia. Illinois, Indiana, Kansas. Kentucky, Mary­ North and in the South. Noted for high standard of land, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, North Caro­ scholarship; industrial emphasis and positive Chris­ lina. Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania. Rhode Island, tian influence. Well equipped dormitories; sane South Carolina, Tenressee, Texas, Virginia and West athletics under faculty supervision. Expenses rea­ Virginia. sonable. Location central and healthful. Departments: Theology, College, Preparatory, Nor­ THE MUTUAL TEACHERS' AGENCY mal, Commercial, Musical, Domestic Science, Nurse 1403 New York Avenue Washington, D. C. Training, Sewing, Printing and Tailoring. First Semester began Sept. 28th, 1916. For further information address See the Selected List on W. A. FOUNTAIN, President Books? the Back Cover BISHOP J. S. FLIPPER, Chairman Trustee Board.

Mention THI CVTRTR 110 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Stenography Typewriting Book-keeping

THE STENOGRAPHERS' INSTITUTE ROFICIENCY in the treatment 1. Short Courses in Typewriting of the hair and the skin is the 2. Shorthand made as easy as A. B. C. 3. Brief Courses in Practical Book-keeping result only of conscientious, We typewrite Letters, Postal Cards, Wills; fill in F scientific study. A thorough Deeds and multigraph Circular Letters cheap. knowledge of the hair and the skin in EDWARD T. DUNCAN, PRESIDENT the minutest detail xs an absolute re­ 1227 SO. 17TH STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. quirement for one who desires to do SHORTHAND ^'ie standard system easily mas- effective work in this important pro­ *ri"l» I nnlll/ \ERED by our method. You write business letters the sixth lesson. Complete course of 20 lessons. fession. It is tliis knowledge which is Pay '.OI each proup when you are ready for them. Send ?3.00 TODAY for enrollment and first lessons. Get started NOW. offered by Mrs. M. Watson Rudd at her Sample lesson—fifty cents. PITMANIC INSTITUTE modern and well-equipped 4277 Cote Brilliants, St. Louis, Mo. MME. BRIDGES' SCHOOL OF French Dressmaking, Ladies' Tailoring and Millinery. Rose School of BRIDGES SYSTEM. Special Courses in Designing, Copying, Draping, Making, Trimming, Finishing, Cutting and Fitting. Beauty Culture Special reduction in tuition given to students en­ tering in groups of three or more or to one student taking two or more consecutive courses. Conducted by a Negro woman for Individual Instruction. A Bridges Diploma means the purpose of training Negro women1 something to you. 448 E. 35th St. Chicago. 111. whose object is to build up a business among a white clientele and who are LEARN THE S. T. TAYLOR SYSTEM striving for advancement in this pro­ of Garment Cutting, Fitting, Designing, Drap­ fession, this school enables the student ing, Embroidery, Hand Decoration of Gar­ to obtain a high degree of efficiency at ments, Dressmaking and Ladies' Tailoring. a very reasonable cost. Terms reasonable. Write for Catalog. S. T. TAYLOR SCHOOL AND PATTERN PARLORS . The course of instruction is scien­ Mrs. Maybel B. Evans, PRIN. tifically planned so as to give correct 34 N. Garfield Avenue Columbus, O. principles of work by which the student may achieve success and successfully TEACHERS meet the demands of those whom she —Science, Music, Mathematics. Wanted Teachers desires to serve; and a personal in­ Rural Schools—Virginia—$30.00. Brick masonry, terest is taken by the teacher in each industrial school, $40.00—expenses. student who enters. Standard Teachers' Agency Each student must be prepared to de­ Established 1897 vote three months in close application 1011 New York Avenue Washington, D. C. to study and practice. Class lessons Mail Order Dealers are conducted daily and students are Let the Sell valuable instruction systems by cut price cou­ required to have certain text books and - 4 iii 1 - pon under Money Back note books for their work. When sat­ Guarantee. Big MARGIN. isfactory theoretical development has Coupon Plan Small Selling Expense. Complete Plan, Sample been attained through work in the class Increase. ' Coupons and B A R G AI IF room, the student is given practical Bulletin sent on request. Your Profits Mail Dealer's Coupon System work under the direction of the teacher 521 Bo. Dearborn Street, Chicago and. is thereby able to secure that ex­ SITUATION WANTED perience which is so necessary for her by self-reliance and stability in work. Graduate of Oberlin Business College Competent in the following branches: This is the opportunity for the young Shorthand, Typewriting, Bookkeeping, Penmanship. Negro woman of culture and refinement Has had actual experience and can furnish the best who desires to enter upon a dignified, of references. Address: L. C. H,, care The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Ave., lucrative profession and who wishes to New York. bring to that profession the best in ambition and intelligence. ROLAND W. HAYES, Tenor Address: Recitals Concerts , Oratorio Opera "An unusually good voice. The natural quality is beautiful. It is a luscious yet manly Mrs. M. Watson Rudd voice. Mr. Hayes sings freely and with good Room 507 47 West j?d Street taste."—Philip Hale, in the BOSTON HERALD. "A voice of unusual sweetness and calibre. New York City —CHATTANOOGA TIMES. Address: 3 WARWICK ST.." BOSTON. MASS.

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS

VOL. 13—NO. 3 JANUARY, 1917 Whole NO. 75

Editorial

THE WORLD LAST MONTH son do for the colored man? What ILL last month we were ask­ will he do against him? We under­ ing what happened in the stand that when replying to the con­ last election and why. This gratulations of certain Pullman por­ | fact stands out as true: The ters, his voice shook. It needed shak­ Solid South with its denial of Demo­ ing.—All hail to Mexico for standing cratic government made a real ver­ to her guns of argument. dict on Mr. Wilson and the rest of the country impossible.—The slave trade SCHOOLS in Belgium comes strangely near to HAT is to become of the sec­ us and makes us remember that op­ ondary and higher Negro pression and injustice know no color schools that are not smiled line.—Congress is so evenly divided upon by the ring of rich that no legislation for or against the philanthropists represented by the Negro is probable. This turns our General Education Board and like attention to the Supreme Court where agencies? These excluded schools are late in January the segregation cases undoubtedly in many cases poorly will come up again.—Football has equipped and indifferently managed. brought the black man to the fore. At the same time they are doing and On two of the most important small have done the real work of the edu­ college teams, colored boys have not cation of the Negro race. Their ac­ only played, but they have played bril­ complishment both in volume and in liantly against the greatest teams of real efficient result has been ten times the land, with only Princeton to in­ that of Hampton and Tuskegee In­ sult them. How natural.—The sweep­ stitutes for the simple reason that ing of Prohibition over the country they outnumber these schools 100 to is, undoubtedly, getting at a great 1 and deal with by far the greater evil in the wrong way; but there is number of the children of ten mil­ no doubt of the great evil and there lions. is no doubt that the wrong way will Instead then of being sneered at help the colored laborer more than and discouraged, they ought to be en­ no way at all.—In the Great War, couraged, and it is little less than a light is dawning for Poland, not sim­ shame that the United States govern­ ply German light (in which case we ment With the aid of Thomas Jesse should doubt it), but out of the con­ Jones is (as we are assured) about tending jealousies of all Europe the to issue a definitive report recom­ Polish people will, probably, come mending all sorts of things tending to their own and another sup­ to extinguish these struggling insti­ pressed race will have a chance for tutions. self development after a high noon We are glad, however, that the Na­ of despair.—What will President Wil­ tional Training School, of Durham, North Carolina, despite this handi- 112 THE CRISIS cap, has paid her debt and has just activity of the undertaker, a band held a conference of far-reaching im­ of 'Regulators' made a night attack portance on the subject of Negro edu­ upon his establishment, cutting the cation. Representatives of Negroes, wires, etc. Failing to find him, they South and North, and of white men, attacked the home of the slain man's North and South, were on the pro­ mother, brutally thrashing her and gram and all the visitors were firm­ also a brother who was ill. The un­ ly impressed with the wide influence dertaker, acting upon a 'bit of news' of this school as a center of good work in a local white paper to the effect and with the indefatigable work of that such had been done to some her president. 'niggers,' who had insulted 'white gentlemen' and adding that the same In the same way Atlanta Univers­ fate awaited another interested 'nig­ ity, long frowned upon because she ger,' immediately left town. All of persistently stood for the bigger the colored persons concerned were things, is trying to raise on her fif­ law-abiding and prosperous citizens tieth anniversary, a fund of $500,000. of Thomasville, Georgia." No school in the South has done a work -for Negro uplift that can for a The other is the real story of the moment be compared with that of lynching of a woman in Georgia Atlanta University. which has just come to light: "Sam Conley, a densely illiterate Fisk University, which has fortun­ boy of seventeen years, lived with his ately reached the edge of the approval sixty-year-old mother and wife on the of Organized Philanthropy, asks for plantation of one Gengia Melvin, a conservatory of music in memory of white, three miles from Leary, Cal­ the Fisk Jubilee Singers. The re­ houn County, Georgia, said county be­ sponse to this appeal should be imme­ ing in the southwestern part of the diate and generous and should come state. Last fall this boy got into from black people and white. trouble about a colored girl, Mr. Mel­ We must rally to the defense of our vin paying his seventy-five dollar fine. schools. We must repudiate this un­ The boy, his mother, and wife con­ bearable assumption of the right to tracted to cultivate on shares a forty- kill institutions unless they conform acre farm of Mr. Melvin's, thirty to one narrow standard. acres in cotton and the balance in LYNCHING corn and potatoes. Mr. Melvin was to divide the crop, first taking out the FKJMJHII WO stories of lynchings have seventy-five dollars due him. come to our attention which "Sam Conley, his mother, and wife I ^ deserve editorial mention. lived in a two-room house on the ligMffl One comes from Thomasville, premises cultivated, about a quarter Georgia, and is as follows: of a mile from Mr. Melvin's house. "It seems that a young colored man, Along about the middle of September twenty-one years of age, was en­ (the boy could not even name the gaged in conversation with a col­ month in which the offense was com­ ored woman. This woman was the mitted) he had ginned six bales of sweetheart of a white man who shot cotton which were turned over to Mr. and killed the colored man. A local Melvin and he had about two more in colored undertaker before removing the field. On the Sunday before the the body ordered an investigation homicide on Monday, Mr. Melvin which brought into the courts the de­ told him to come the next day to work fendant. The courts rendered a ver­ for him by the month, for ten dollars dict of self-defense. Enraged at the per month. The boy told him that EDITORIAL 113 he, Mr. Melvin, would have to see his from Albany to Americus the sheriff mother. informed him of the lynching of his "The next day, Monday, Sam Con- mother, assuring him that he, the ley's mother went to Mr. Melvin's lot sheriff, was taking him where he to help his cook, a colored woman, would be safe. Fannie Glover, milk his seven cows. "By correspondence .with people Sam Conley passed by the lot on his living in that section we learn that way to the cotton field and was the boy's mother and wife were ar­ stopped by Mr. Melvin, who began rested that same day and placed in to curse at him for not coming to the little guardhouse at Leary, from work for him that morning, picking which his mother was taken that up a large oak stick and while in the night, carried a little distance from attitude of striking him the latter's the town and her body riddled with mother begged him not to strike her bullets, her eyes being punched out. boy, saying that he had neither said Her body was placed on the public nor done anything to him; that she highway, where it remained several was not well and that she and her hours. Colored people living in that daughter-in-law could not gather the neighborhood were, upon pain of be­ crop without her son. Thereupon, ing killed, compelled to inter her re­ Mr. Melvin left the boy and advanced mains. upon his mother, striking her first back of the neck, causing blood to "The boy did not know that he had flow freely, then on her wrist, then killed the man until told so by the kicked her three times in her abdomen sheriff. He says he did not intend and after she had fallen to the ground, to kill him, but merely intended to he struck her again with the stick, keep him from hitting his mother breaking the stick. Looking about again, who he thought was already he got another oak stick and was dead. about to strike her again, Sam Conley "The white man was about fifty and Mr. Melvin's cook all the while years old, having several grown chil­ begging him not to strike her any­ dren, none of whom lived with him. more, because she was already ill. He was separated from his wife be­ cause he practically lived with his "When Mr. Melvin was in the atti­ Negro cook, Fannie Glover, whose tude of striking the prostrate woman house was in his yard." again her son looked around and pick­ ing up a peat (an instrument used in A LETTER AND AN ANSWER weighing cotton), struck him with it (Conley does not remember what part Springfield, 111., Nov. 2, 1916. of his body he struck), knocking him Y DEAR MR. SPINGARN: down. Then picking up his mother, Last August when I was he carried her to their home, a quar­ away and my mail was be­ ter of a mile away. He left home, iii ing dammed up here in hiding in the woods until near night, Springfield, your invitation to the and reached a small place, Pretoria, Amenia Conference arrived. Since Dougherty County, fifteen miles from then I have let everything go for a Leary. He was arrested at Pretoria new book. Pardon me. My mail gets at night, and taken to Albany where heavier every day and I can not yet he remained in jail until the next aft­ afford a stenographer. ernoon when he was taken by auto­ I send my belated thanks, being at mobile to Americus from which place last able to get into my mail again. he was brought to Macon jail on the Be sure I was with you in spirit. midnight train. While on the way My "Congo," and "Booker T. Wash- 114 THE CRISIS ington Triology," have both been de­ difference between a poet's pageantry nounced by the colored people for rea­ and a people's despair. sons that I can not fathom. As far No colored man doubts your good as I can see, they have not taken the intentions, but many of them doubt trouble to read them through. The your understanding of their hopes. third section of "The Congo" is cer­ You look about you and see a black tainly as hopeful as any human being world full of a strange beauty dif­ dare to be in regard to any race, and ferent from that of the white world; the "John Brown" is certainly not an they look about them and see other unsympathetic poem; and "King Solo­ men with exactly the same feelings mon and the Queen of Sheba" is a and desires who refuse to recognize prophecy of a colored Utopia. Yet the resemblance. You look forward THE CRISIS took the trouble to skin to a colored Utopia separate and dif­ me not long ago. This in face of the ferent from the hope of the white fact that they had published with man; they have only one overwhelm­ great approval my story of "The ing desire, and that is to share in a Golden-Faced People" in THE CRISIS common civilization in which all dis­ of November, 1914. That is the tinctions of race are blurred (or for­ index to all subsequent work. gotten) by common aspiration and common labors. I presume some of the men in your movement who have an intelligent Your poetry is wonderfully beauti­ angle on my intentions are respons­ ful, and the poems on black men and ible for my invitation to the Amenia women are no less beautiful than the Conference. When two or three of rest. How can we fail to be grateful them get together sometime, I wish for all this beauty? But somehow we they would re-read "The Congo" (see feel (and I say "we" because in this volume of that name), the "Booker I share the feelings of the colored Washington Triology," in Poetry, A race), somehow we feel that you do Magazine of Verse (543 Cass Street, not write about colored humanity as Chicago), June, 1916, and also THE you write about white humanity. We CRISIS article aforesaid. I would like remember your poem on "John Alt- to draw your attention also to pages geld" (to mention only one), and forty-seven and forty-eight in the realize that your heart goes out to— "Art of the Moving Picture," where "The widow bereft of her crust, and I have discussed the Reverend the boy without youth, Thomas Dixon. The mocked and the scorned and the And after you have read this letter, wounded, the lame and the poor " I would appreciate it if you will send but somehow we feel that for you, a copy to the editor of THE CRISIS, black men and women are not like to be printed, if he cares to do so. others who have been mocked and Personally, Mr. DuBois has been most scorned and wounded, but beings a courteous, but I can not understand little different from other sufferers his editorial attitude. Add a word to who do not share the same ancestry this letter if you care to do so. and the same color of skin. Very sincerely, Faithfully yours, NICHOLAS VACHEL LINDSAY. J. E. SPINGARN.

Amenia, N. Y., Nov. 6, 1916. NE by one our friends of the My dear Mr. Lindsay: early abolition group pass. I wish you had been able to attend The death of Francis Jackson the Amenia Conference, and perhaps Garrison, the son of William then vou would have understood the Lloyd Garrison, is announced. EDITORIAL 115

MIGRATION AND HELP FRAUD HE CRISIS wishes to repeat E are now and then com­ its insistence that the work­ pelled to bring to the no­ ing men from the South who 11 tice of the public, efforts to can be assured of reasonably defraud the colored people. good employment in the North should Some' of these efforts are mentioned without hesitation come to the North because of our personal interest. For as a means of self-defense and as the instance, there is traveling in Vir­ most effective protest against South­ ginia and North Carolina, a certain ern lynching, lawlessness, and general man named Thomas Hopkins, claim­ deviltry. ing to be of High Point, North Caro­ lina, and of Watertown, New York, On the other hand, THE CRISIS rec­ ognizes what a peculiar responsibilty who is fraudulently taking subscrip­ rests upon the North in this new mi­ tions for THE CRISIS. Any informa­ gration. It knows, however, of one tion leading to knowledge of his pres­ instance where this responsibility is ent whereabouts and operations will being splendidly recognized. In New be received in our office with great Haven, Connecticut, The New York, joy. New Haven and Hartford Railroad Also, the National Publication Com­ imported a large number of Negro pany, of Montgomery, Alabama, is workers. They were collected with­ advertising an encyclopedia of the col­ out discrimination and they repre­ ored race and is announcing the ed­ sented all kinds and conditions of itor of this magazine as one of its men, but more especially the worst. associate editors. This is a falsehood They were housed in old box cars and and the public is herewith so warned. generally neglected. TWO FRIENDS Here was the nucleus for a new HAVE lost two friends, curi­ Negro problem for New Haven. What ous in their unlikeness, yet did colored New Haven do ? The Rev­ singularly alike. The one, Inez erend Edward Goin, a leading col­ Milholland, viewed the world- ored minister, went to the authorities scene with a certain clean-cut clear­ of the railroad and pointed out their ness. Her passion was Truth and duty. He succeeded in getting a de­ where its pitiless logic led, she walked cent box car fitted up for them as a with seeing feet, splendidly unafraid. social center. He got colored Yale The other friend, William Alpheus students to work with him and began Hunton, lifted his groping hands to a campaign of social uplift which God and Good, and set his fine face must in the long run solve the and prophet eyes toward yonder problem. cloudy headlands where setting suns mistily disclose unproven wonders. In addition to this, George W. I think these two knew nothing of Crawford, a colored lawyer, began ne­ each other. Between them rose the gotiations with a great manufactur­ wall of race and sex and all of Cul­ ing firm looking toward carefulry se­ ture's queer convention. Yet, in the lected migration of colored workers world's deep meaning, they were one who could enter positions where pro­ and hand-in-hand walked down its puzzling crag-strewn paths with motion was possible. hearts ablaze. They are dead. They Thus, two sides of the problem were have earned their entrance to the attacked. Let the good work go on Court of Peace and today they dream both North and South. their mighty Dreams. Amen. 116 THE CRISIS

CENSORSHIP

BY THE LATE INEZ MILHOLLAND HEN there is a question of good and W bad involved, I am most distinctly opposed to suppressing the bad as a means of establishing the good. I would let them flourish side by side, certain that the really good would, in the end, prevail and outlive the bad, and certain likewise that, given freedom of reflection, all people would eventually repudiate the bad in favor of the good. Why? Because that would be in accord with the fundamental instinct of self-preservation since what is good for the individual organism is good for the race, and the good of the race is the sum total of all morality that we know anything about. Let evil flourish unsuppressed by all means. If it is really evil it will kill itself by the very poison it distils. The best that we can do is to put up a danger sign for THE LATE INEZ MILHOLLAND those who are inclined in its direction, warning them of its harmful properties. what we are here for. (5) That such train­ If we hide the thing away people are apt ing of individuals to make use of their own to come upon it unaware of its power for independent processes is worth ten thousand injury and it may kill. times more than any spoon-fed system of To suppress evil is to drive it under­ seemly conduct that it is possible to con­ ground, not to exterminate it. Incidentally, ceive. underground is about the only place where But to "let evil flourish" by no means it can take root and flourish. "But," pro­ ends the responsibility of the lover of indi­ test those who are for suppressing the vidual liberty. He must proceed to set up "Birth of a Nation," "do you mean to say fine standards, worthy standards with which that you would permit a falsification and to contrast the evil, so that the public may perjury of this kind to continue?" Yes, I have opportunities for comparison and se­ would—that and much more noxious things lection. Without such opportunities they than that, and I would permit anything that inevitably absorb the only thing at hand, anyone chose to produce. "But, Heavens! which- happens to be evil. Your liberty on what theory?" This: (1) That it is dif­ lover must take pains, too, to point out the ficult, if not impossible, to counteract the falsities and dangers of the evil thing, and effect of a secretly acquired evil, whether it its consequences. All that education is able be a disease, an idea, or a poison; whereas to give in the way of protection from evil the evil that is known is more easy to com­ he must give. The only instrument he may bat. (2) That nothing so reinforces an not touch is the instrument of the lazy man evil thing (or a good thing either for that —suppression. matter) like any attempt to suppress it. (3) That it is a supreme right of every in­ In the case of "The Birth of a Nation," dividual to judge for himself and not to the thing for those of us to do who consider have the judgment of any group or any it a libel and a forgery, is to say so, and to individual thrust upon him, no matter how publish all the facts in our possession. wise or good that group or individual may I protest against "The Birth of a Na­ be. (4) That only by such independence tion" as vigorously as my neighbor. I find of judgment may judgment be trained and it historically false, untrue to life, bad art, developed and the training of individuals in melodramatic, and meretricious, caddish, judgment and everything else is, I take it, dull, and exaggerated, but I would not sup- MAMMY 117

press it for all that, just because it does not ment in favor of non-suppression, a discus­ happen to suit my taste or morals. I would sion of the Negro problem has been precipi­ try, rather, to extend my taste and morals tated which has done untold good as all dis­ to as many people as possible in the hope cussions do. Points of view have been crys­ that next year a production of this sort will tallized, prejudices cleared away and the be aesthetically and ethically impossible to issues between the Negro's friends and his a more dramatically educated public. Melo­ enemies made clear. Those who have faith drama on the stage has vanished. Why not in the Negro race and its capacities know melodrama in the movies? False as it is to better the reasons for their faith; while the history, life, and drama the film cannot do belittlers of the Negro have had a stamp much harm; not half as much as any at­ given to their opposition which shows its tempt to suppress it would do to liberty and true colors. We all know now where we freedom of thought. The Negroes need not are at, at heart. be disturbed except by the snobbish attempt From the friction engendered, from the to picture them as ignoble in every capacity clash of view point more light will come— except that of servant. an infinitely better thing than any negative On the other hand and as a final argu­ and apathetic attitude could produce.

MAMMY A. STORY

By ADELINE F. RIES

"|*y|"AMMY'S heart felt heavy indeed when So for about a year, Mammy feasted her x -*• (the time was now two years past) hungering soul with these meagre scraps of marriage had borne Shiela, her "white news, until one morning, contrary to his baby," away from the Governor's plantation wont, the Governor rose as she entered the to the coast. But as the months passed, the room, and he bade her sit in a chair close old colored nurse became accustomed to the to his own. Placing one of his white hands change, until the great joy brought by the over her knotted brown ones, he read aloud news that Shiela had a son, made her recon­ the letter he held in his other hand: ciliation complete. Besides, had there not "Dear Father:— always been Lucy, Mammy's own "black "I can hardly write the sad news and baby," to comfort her? can, therefore, fully appreciate how diffi­ Yes, up to that day there had always cult it will be for you to deliver it verbally. been Lucy; but on that very day the young Lucy was found lying on the nursery floor Negress had been sold—sold like common yesterday, dead. The physician whom I household ware!—and (the irony of it immediately summoned pronounced her chilled poor Mammy's leaden heart)—she death a case of heart-failure. Break it had been sold to Shiela as nurse to the gently to my dear old mammy, father, and baby whose birth, but four days earlier had tell her too, that the coach, should she wish caused Mammy so much rejoicing. The to come here before the burial, is at her poor slave could not believe that it was true, disposal. "Your daughter, and as she buried her head deeper into the "SHIELA." pillows, she prayed that she might wake to While he read, the Governor uncon­ find it all a dream. sciously nerved himself to a violent outburst But a reality it proved and a reality of grief, but none came. Instead, as he which she dared not attempt to change. finished, Mammy rose, curtsied, and made For despite the Governor's customary kind­ as if to withdraw. At the door she turned ness, she knew from experience, that any back and requested the coach, "if it weren't interference on her part would but result asking too much," and then left the room. in serious floggings. One morning each She did not return to her cabin; simply week she would go to his study and he stood at the edge of the road until the coach would tell her the news from the coast and with its horses and driver drew up, and then then with a kindly smile dismiss her. she entered. From that time and until 118 THE CRISIS nightfall she did not once change the upright won't you?" And Shiela thought that she position she had assumed, nor did her eye­ understood the poor woman's feelings and lids once droop over her staring eyes. "They without even pausing to kiss her child she took her from me an' she died"—"They took left the room and joined the waiting slaves. her from me an' she died"—over and over Mammy heard the scraping as of a heavy she repeated the same sentence. box upon the gravel below; heard the tramp of departing footsteps as they grew fainter When early the next morning Mammy and fainter until they died away. Then reached Shiela's home, Shiela herself came and only then, did she turn her eyes from down the road to meet her, ready with the wild waters and looking down at the words of comfort and love. But as in years child in her arms, she laughed a low, pecu­ gone by, it was Mammy who took the golden liar laugh. She smoothed back the golden head on her breast, and patted it, and bade ringlets from his forehead, straightened the girl to dry her tears. As of old, too, out the little white dress, and then, choosing it was Mammy who first spoke of other a light covering for his head, she descended things; she asked to be shown the baby, the stairs and passed quietly out of the and Shiela only too willingly led the way house. to the nursery where in his crib the child lay cooing to itself. Mammy took up the A short walk brought Mammy and her little body and again and again tossed it burden to the lonely beach; at the water's up into the air with the old cry, "Up she edge she stood still. Then she shifted the goes, Shiela," till he laughed aloud. child's position until she supported his weight in her hands and with a shrill cry Suddenly she stopped, and clasping Lhe of "Up she goes, Shiela," she lifted him child close she took a hurried step towards above her head. Suddenly she flung her the open window. At a short distance from arms forward, at the same time releasing the house rolled the sea and Mammy gazed her hold of his little body. A large breaker upon it as if fascinated. And as she caught him in its foanv swept him a few stared, over and over the words formed feet towards the shore and retreating, car­ themselves: "They took her from me an' ried him out into the sea she died,"—"They took her from me an' A few hours later, two slaves in frantic she died." search for the missing child found Mammy From below came the sound of voices, on the beach tossing handfuls of sand into "They're waiting for you, Mammy,"—it the air and uttering loud, incoherent cries. was Shiela's soft voice that spoke—"to take And as they came close, she pointed towards Lucy—you understand, dear." the sea and with the laugh of a mad-woman Mammy's eyes remained fixed upon the shouted: "They took her from me an' she waves,—"I can't go—go foh me, chile, died!"

EBON MAID AND GIRL OF MINE

By Lucian B. Watkins ^ rT"1HE sweetest charm of all the earth Her teeth are tips of white, that gleam Came into being with her birth. Like starlights in a happy dream; All that without her we would lack, Her laughter is the Christmas bell She is in purity and black. Of "Peace on earth" and "All is well;" The pansy and the violet— Her voice—it is the dearest part The dark of all the flowers met Of all the glory in her heart: And gave their wealth of color in The height of joy, the deep of tears, The ebon beauty of her skin. The surging passions of the years, Wrought winds of evening are her face, The mystery and dark of things— Gentle with love and rich in grace; We feel their meanings when she sings. The burning splendors of her eyes Her garments gracefully caress Are jewels from the midnight skies; Her tender form of sinlessness, Her nestling-raven hair, close-curled, And on her bosom's curves sublime The Ancient wonder of the world Make love's eternal rhythm and rhyme. Seems, in its strange, uncertain length, Her thoughts are pure and everyone A deathless crown—a mighty strength. But makes her good to look upon. Her smile—it is the rising moon, Daughter of God! You are divine, The waking of a night in June; O Ebon Maid and Girl of Mine! THE LATE WILLIAM A. HUNTON

William ALPHEUS HUNTON was creased to six men. born and educated at Chatham, On­ As a successful pioneer, Mi'. Hunton trav­ tario. After graduating from Wilberforce eled throughout, the country as an organ­ Institute he secured, at Ottawa, a clerkship izer and he did his best to establish the in the Canadian Civil Service. Soon he con­ spirit of the movement in the hearts of the nected himself with the Young Men's Chris­ people. His most outstanding work was tian Association in that city and became in the colleges. He had a tremendous in­ especially identified with the Bible Class fluence upon the student life of the col­ work and the boys' work, and his labors ored race. Many promising Negro leaders were very acceptable. today, and those who will certainly be lead­ The attention of one of the international ers tomorrow, have been influenced by his secretaries on a visit to Ottawa was called beautiful, simple, trustful'life. He had no to Mr. Hunton, who impressed him of his interest, whatever, in personal aggrandize­ qualifications to be a leader of this move­ ment or factional debate, but his one pur­ ment among colored people. This led to pose was to advance the unity of the King­ him being called to dom of Jesus Christ undertake the secre- among men of all con­ taryship of the ditions and races. His colored Young Men's acceptance as a speak­ Christian Association er on convention plat- at Norfolk, Virginia. Forms is well known At first he almost re­ by the brotherhood in fused to consider the America and in for­ proposition, but said eign lands. His ad­ he would think it over. dress at the World's He came back the next Student Christian morning and said "I Federation, in Japan, will go." Against the was one among the advice of his pastor best delivered and the and friends he went same was said of his to Norfolk to take up address a year ago at the work, and to this the World's Confer­ day he is esteemed by ence at Lake Mohonk. the citizens, both Mr. Hunton was white and colored. married to'Miss Addie After beginning his Waytes, a prominent work, Mr. Hunton had school teacher of Nor­ many dark days and folk, Virginia, in 1893. trying experiences in He has been a faith­ dealing with a group ful and devoted hus­ THE LATE WILLIAM A. HUNTON of people who were band and a loving unacquainted with the Association work and father. His devotion to his brothers and its methods. sisters was a strong evidence of what the Developing in capacity and leadership as ties of kinship may be made to mean in secretary of the Norfolk Branch, he ren­ this life. He was always a safe confidant, dered occasional service to the International and wise counsellor and one who bore the Committee in the extension of Association burdens of his friends with them. His life work among colored young men. was true and sweet and will ever be held The result of this occasional visitation by up before young men as an example worthy him was so satisfactory that in December, of highest emulation. 1890, he accepted a call to become the first In his last moments he remarked that it colored secretary of that committee. Until would be only a few days and he would go. 1898 he was the only secretary of his race He smiled when he was told that engaged in supervisory work. He was though he was leaving, his work would joined in that year by an associate, Dr. J. be carried on and his name never for­ E. Moorland. The force has since been in­ gotten. 119 National Association for the Ad vancement of Colored People

THE ANNUAL MEETING THE ABBEVILLE LYNCHING T N accordance with the Constitution of HE full story of the lynching of An­ The National Association for the Ad­ T thony Crawford in Abbeville, South vancement of Colored People, our annual Carolina, which was investigated on the meeting will be held in New York City on ground by the secretary of the N. A. A. January 2, 1917. The afternoon session, C. P., appeared in the Independent for De­ which will be held in the assembly hall cember 11. There are, however, two items of The United Charities Building, 105 East which must be recorded here; first: As a Twenty-second Street, at 2:30 P. M., will result of the secretary's visit, Governor be devoted to the reports of the national Manning has written a letter to Oswald officers, the election of officers, and the Garrison Villard, vice-president of the N. A- transaction of business. The Nominating A. C. P., in which he says: Committee, consisting of Mrs. Florence Kel- "I realize the gravity of this offense and ley, Joseph P. Loud, and Archibald H. am determined to do everything in my Grimke, appointed by the Chairman of the power to bring the offenders to justice. I Board of Directors, Dr. J. E. Spingarn, in have called on the sheriff of Abbeville accordance with Article VIII of the Con­ County to take the necessary steps to pre­ stitution, submits the following list of nomi­ vent any unlawful action with regard to nations for members of the Board of Direc­ the expulsion of the family of Crawford. tors for the term expiring January, 1920: "I am giving serious consideration to Miss Jane Addams, Chicago. this matter with a view to making recom­ Dr. C E. Bentley, Chicago. mendations to the legislature, so as to be able to deal with such conditions when they Rev. Hutehins C. Bishop, New York. arise." Dr. F. N. Cardozo, Baltimore. Secondly, the Crawford family was not Dr. W. E. B. DuBois, New York. expelled on November 15. Mrs. Florence Kelley, New York. Miss Mary White Ovington, Brooklyn." Mr. Charles Edward Russell, New York. Dr. John G. Underhill, Brooklyn. Miss Irene Lewissohn, New York. The evening session, through the courtesy of Dr. Bishop, will be held at St. Philips Church, 212 West 134th Street, at 8.15 P. M., and will be devoted to the reports of the branches, and to a discussion of means for effecting closer relations between the branches, the directors, and the na­ tional executive officers. Each branch is urged most earnestly to send an official dele­ gate to report in person, and to send his name to the secretary before the program goes to press December 26. Every member of the N. A. A. C. P. who can possibly reach New York should make an especial effort to attend. Dinner at sixty cents a plate will be served between the two sessions under the auspices of the New York Branch and we GOVERNOR MANNING, OF SOUTH CAROLINA want to make it a big party. Please notify THE VANDERVALL CASE the National Secretary, Roy Nash, if you TT is a great pleasure to record that the desire seats. attorneys interested by the N. A. A. C. P. 120 N. A. A. C. P. 121

in the case of Dr. Isabel Vandervall, who building, The Krocbel School, was completed was refused admittance to The Women's and both colored and white children placed and Children's Hospital, of Syracuse, New in it, the colored classes remaining separate York, because of her color and after they as when in the former building. All the for­ had contracted to admit her as an interne, mal work of the colored children in the first were able to secure a substantial offer of five grades was done with colored teachers settlement for Dr. Vandervall without in separate classes, the special teachers re­ bringing the case to trial. ceiving them in the same way as class units. "In September last, two classes were re­ GAINING STRENGTH IN THE SOUTH moved from the Frocbcl building to a small 4 4'T^O be a race woman in New Orleans school more convenient to their homes, as A is a crime at best," writes J. B. it appeared, and the idea became spread Montgomery, in the Chicago Defender, "but abroad that it was done because they were to be one and a prisoner is doubly so. Girls, colored. A committee of the Gary Branch mere babes, and women, for the least offense of the N. A. A. C. P. visited the superin­ are put to work on the public streets of tendent and School Board with but small New Orleans whenever there is a question satisfaction." as to their color. ... I have spoken to Of the accuracy of the last statement we the preachers and leading men and women have no doubt. Superintendent Wirt, in of the town time and again to protest these reply to a protest from national headquar­ wrongs perpetrated on our women and ters, makes it clear that the branch is right every devilish preacher will tell you to keep in entertaining suspicions. He says: "The quiet as the white folks are letting us live. colored children in the public schools in "On my return to the city, I was glad to Gary, Indiana, have been segregated from see the news that The National Association the very beginning. It is a settled policy in for the Advancement of Colored People will this community to continue this segrega­ make an attack on the use of our women tion." No wonder the Gary schools are con­ prisoners to clean gutters and public parks sidered as models throughout the land. with a red neck slave driver with a Win­ chester or automatic to shoot her down OUR CHAIRMAN POPULAR IN THE should she rebel. The association need not SOUTH expect any help from the preachers. . . . WE are sure that it was a mere over­ My last plea to my people is to help the sight on the part of the reporter that N. A. A. C. P. in their fight and ask for the the Columbia State omitted to mention that resignation of every preacher who cannot the lecturer spoken of below is chairman of show a college diploma." the Board of Directors of The National Without going into the question of the Association for the Advancement of Colored justice or injustice of Mr. Montgomery's People. remarks about the apathy of these pastors, "The series of five lectures to be delivered it is worthy that the other half of his state­ at the University of South Carolina this week by Dr. J. E. Spingarn, formerly pro­ ment should be heralded throughout the fessor of comparative literature at Colum­ land. That the N. A. A. C. P. can organize bia University, on the history and develop­ in the far South is a noteworthy evidence ment of literary criticism, saw a gratifying of growing strength; that the New Orleans beginning yesterday when many graduate students and seniors at the university and Branch has the courage and the ability to members of the faculties of Chicora College initiate and carry on this kind of a fight for Women, Columbia College, and the semi­ is a fact of which the whole organization naries, as well as many women from the may be proud. city, heard Dr. Spingarn's lecture on "Criti­ cal Theories of the Greeks and Romans." "His lectures are informal and discussion THE MODEL SCHOOLS OF GARY, and questions by the audience are always INDIANA welcomed. Although he is a leading author­ ity on literary criticism in this country, the THE Gary Branch is very much worried broad and profound conceptions of the sub­ over the question of segregation in the ject which he imparts to his audience are schools. A teacher writes: clothed with a simplicity and charm that render them all the more understandable. "Six years ago when I became connected The pleasing personality of this eminent with these schools, the colored children were scholar and author adds to the pleasure and in a building by themselves. Later, a large enthusiasm of the series." The Outer Pocket

ENCLOSED find my check on Alliance tion of A. T. Smith, of this city and for­ Bank of Rochester, N. Y., in favor merly Managing Editor of the Paul Quinn of 0. G. Villard, Treas., for $10, being an­ Weekly, in which you say he is still in jail other contribution to your Anti-lynching and has been for a month or more. Smith Fund; this to cover that at Gainesville, Fla. has been in jail for more than four months. I wonder if I can afford to give $10 for He was indicted for criminal libel. He was every lynching that you describe in a fair tried about three weeks ago and convicted and unbiased manner—simply stating the and is still in jail serving his sentence. He facts? I am ready to try it—may have to was arraigned for trial without an attor­ cut it down to five. ney to defend him and the college for which G. R. CARTER he worked refused to help and left him to [Ex-Governor of Hawaii.] his fate. I volunteered my services rather Loon Lake, N. Y. than see him go to slaughter without an Some of the stories and poems which have advocate. A jury was waived and I tried appeared in your magazine I have enjoyed, the case before the court. The State asked but none have so appealed to me as "A that he be given the extreme penalty—two Fragment" in a recent number. I have years in jail. The court room was full of read it twice, alone, and to others with a spectators. The trial began Monday morn­ choking in my throat. Its beautiful tribute ing and closed Tuesday evening. The judge to a mother willing to sacrifice all for her gave him a sentence of one year and al­ daughter's education and chance in life is lowed him the benefit of the four months most touching. The self-effacing purity of he had served, making in fact an eight the love of the girl for the man she dared months' sentence. They took him to the not love openly, is almost too pathetic. It county roads as a county convict under the is charmingly written and the story is, I laws of this State to do hard labor. I moved believe, a true picture of the ambitions and to commute his sentence by paying a dollar heart-suffering of many of the Negro race. a day and have him remain in jail. The It must appeal to the best in every man court said he was without law to do so, but and woman who reads it. If the day will granted me a hearing to show what law I but soon come when the Negro may have had for it, with the effect that Smith came the same chance as those of all other races! back from the road. I had raised among the colored folk by subscription about $34 ALEXIXA CARTER BARRELL. and paid his first month's wages over to Boston, Mass. the county treasurer. If I can not keep this up he will go back to the convict gang to I read with interest "A Fragment" and work on the roads of the county. The en­ it reminds me of the sayings of the old tire trial of Joe Washington was reviewed Southern white man, "A Grief Nigger," and on this trial and the articles that Smith I do not think stories of that type should go wrote were read, and to say the least, he to print in a Negro journal as there is took this city to- task harder than any I nothing to learn or elevating in the reading, have read on this lynching. I feared vio­ and the writing substantiates my theory lence would be practiced during the trial, that there is little or no hope for the Negro but everybody choked it down. The col­ along many lines. He is of two bloods and ored people here were afraid to help him each blood is demanding his attention. You and afraid for me to do so, but I believed know the Negro man has always demanded in his innocence and could not refrain from the service of his women and confiscated coming to his assistance. It is all over now their money which accounts for their de­ and he faces a jail sentence of about seven sire for the love of the white man. more months. I wish he could be helped, C. P. DUNCAN. as I feel sure I can do more for him yet Oakland. Cal. as white sentiment has changed since the trial. I noticed in your issue for October a men­

122 THE OUTER POCKET 123

There were two of them indicted for the gather around the depot to leave the police same offence; another, Zelford Carter, re­ arrest and beat just as many as they can. mains to be tried, but I have almost an as­ The Mayor issued orders to arrest any surance that I will turn him loose. Negroes found standing on the street cor­ R. D. EVANS. ners or around the recruiting office. The Waco, Tex. police became so bad about beating the Ne­ groes that it was necessary to have the May I ask you to kindly alter your state­ Mayor to ask them not to use their clubs ment of the purpose of the National Asso­ so freely on these poor fellows. ciation for the Advancement of Colored The City Council in this city and in many People so that a humble American citizen others immediately passed a law mak­ like myself may be included? The statement ing the license $1,000 for recruiting, a clip­ reads: "It believes colored men and women ping of which I am enclosing. Notice the must organize, etc." I do not admit these editorial of one of the leading papers of exclusive privileges in that matter and ask the city. Also note how they are treating that you modify the statement to read: "It my people just a few miles from here in believes American citizens white and colored this lynching matter and yet the white must organize and fight for the full rights people object to them leaving. They are of colored citizens and all other native-born wanted here to work cheap and be killed American citizens." for the least thing they do. I hold an im­ GEORGE G. BRADFORD. portant position in this city and for that Boston, Mass. reason will not possibly give you my name until I hear from you and you assure me I am a poor, working man and a constant that whatever I write you under my signa­ reader of THE CRISIS. It makes my heart ture will be treated confidentially. leap for joy to know that some one can and The Federal Government established an will help the poor colored people of the office in the Post Office Building yesterday South. I am a Southerner myself and I for the purpose of recuiting Negroes North know something about conditions down to work. This office was on the fourth there. I have only been here one month floor. They would not let Negroes ride up and, of course, a working man from the on the elevator, but made them walk up. South—you know what chance I have had The city authorities then got busy and there. placed policemen in front of the building I only wish I could give the whole $10,000 and there they began to arrest and abuse for the Anti-lynching Fund and I think every Negro they could get their hands on. there are thousands who would gladly do I understand (this I do not know for a so if they were able. I honestly believe fact) that the U. S. Marshal then appeared it is not because we are so narrow-minded on the scene and told the city authorities about helping the fund; I believe it is that those Negroes were on Government financial matters that keep us from it. property; that they were not to be mo­ But in the future I hope I may be better lested. Immediately then the Mayor, qualified to help the good cause. Board of Trade, Chamber of Commerce and a few prominent individuals telegraphed L. W. WHITNEK. U. S. Senators Fletcher and Bryan from Omaha, Neb. this State and also the Congressmen asking that they use their influence to have the As a staunch member of the race I am order revoked in Washington. herewith enclosing for your information a few facts about this city. The Northern Nearly 1,000 Negroes have left the State, Railroad has been recruiting Negroes from and I forgot to tell you that the majority the South to work on the road. This has of them had to go out to the city limits and caused considerable uneasiness among some catch the train as it was passing since the of the white folks here who "make money policemen would not let them go through off of Negro labor." The Mayor, Chamber the depot. This exodus has created great of Commerce and quite a number of asso­ amazement down here and what few Ne­ ciations have protested to the president of groes are left have had their wages raised this road asking that these Negroes be not and are being treated somewhat better. taken from here. Whenever the Negroes Jacksonville, Fla. COLORED RICHMOND

By E. D. Caffee.

ICHMOND, VIRGINIA, lies 115 miles Sunday, April 2, 1865, General Lee dis­ south of Washington, and ninety miles patched the following message to Jefferson from the mouth of the James River at Davis, who was found in church: "My line Chesapeake Bay. Originally this modern is broken in three places and Richmond Rome was "delightfully situated on seven must be evacuated." Mr. Lumkin, the keep­ hills overhanging the James River." The er of the slave-traders' jail, and whose wife, city site was founded September 19, 1735, Mary Jane Lumkins, was colored, heard of by Colonel William Byrd and seven years Mr. Davis' order of evacuation and "made later it was formally established as a up a coffle of fifty men, women, and chil­ town by a special act of the Virginia As­ dren in his jail yard, within pistol shot of sembly, in 1742. But soon the white set­ Davis' parlor window and a stone's throw tlers drove back the Indian savages to from the monumental church," and hurried enlarge their borders until they had gone them to the Danville depot. This sad and far beyond the tidewater settlements. weeping fifty, in handcuffs and chains, was Hence, in 1779, the seat of the State Gov­ the last slave coffle to tread the soil of ernment was moved from Williamsburg to America. As the Confederate government Richmond, which was incorporated as a city was on the move from the doomed city, in 1782. there was a jumble of boxes, chests, trunks, valises, carpet bags, a crowd of excited In 1781, the forty-eighth year after Rich­ men sweating as never before, women with mond was founded, its population was only dishevelled hair, unmindful of their ward­ 1800, over 900 of whom were Negro slaves. robes and wringing their hands, children In 1916, when the city was 181 years old, crying in the crowd, and sentinels guarding the total population numbered 156,6S7, of each entrance to the train, pushing back which 62,676 were Negroes. at the point of the bayonet the panic-strick­ It is evident, then, that Negroes were in en multitude." But there was no room for Richmond before and at the time of its Mr. Lumkin and his slaves on the train founding, many of them having worked on nor in the world. the farm of Nathaniel Bacon, the rebel. At the fall of Richmond, therefore, fell If the truth had been written, we would the auction block of human traffic. While be able to say that Negroes cleared the Negroes of the West celebrate Emancipa­ forest on which the city is founded. An tion Day as September 22, 1862, the date inscription cornerstone of the old Bacon when the preliminary proclamation was is­ foundation stands near Hancock and Broad sued; and others of the South and North, Streets. the first day of January, 1863, the day of As Richmond, located at the foot of the its majority; Richmonders celebrate the falls, became the head of commerce and third day of April, when Richmond fell. industries, it also became the chief mart of Negro emancipation not only freed Ne­ the slave traders' traffic—"The sum of all groes, but it also freed the white man, for villainies." As early as March 29, 1779, in it was not until 1870 that a public school the Virginia Gazette appeared the follow­ system was established in the state. One ing notice of the sale of slaves: "Five like­ year later there were 1915 Negro children ly Virginia-born Negroes will be sold for enrolled, with 72 teachers, 12 of whom cash, loan certificate or tobacco." Lum- were Negroes. Even unto this day, with kins' slave jail, in which reopened in 1867 but one or two exceptions, all the prin­ what is now Virginia Union University, was cipals of the Negro schools have been white. the "old slave pen," in which Negroes were Since the inception of the public school law, kept for sale and safety and from which a rare change has taken place. The 1915 they were transported to Virginia, the Caro- enrollment increased to 9,911 pupils with linas, Georgia, and as far south as Ala­ 225 Negro teachers. From the church bama. Could it have been conceived that a buildings to old dilapidated rooms, the place like this could be so completely trans­ school property for Negro education has in­ formed? Facts, surely in this case, become creased until it is now valued at $256,- stranger than fiction after fiftv years. 685.23. In spite of the enlarged oppor- COLORED RICHMOND 125

ONE OF THE BUILDINGS OF VIRGINIA UNION UNIVERSITY tunity, all the buildings are overcrowded. two races, Richmond, so far as the Negro To instance a case: Valley School, the ca­ population is concerned, is still charac­ pacity is 746, the attendance is 880. terized by lack of municipal protection. This It was a strange situation when the probably is the gravest problem the Ne­ cradle of the white man's independence be­ gro citizens here face. In addition to the came the market of Negro bondage. It was "Jim Crow" transportation system and seg­ here in Richmond that Patrick Henry de­ regated residential sections, municipal dis­ livered his deathless speech and closed with criminations in the most glaring form ex­ the words: "Is life so dear and peace so tend from the educational system through­ sweet as to be purchased at the price of out the field of sanitation as seen in dry chains and slavery? Forbid it, Almighty closets, lack of city water and sewerage, in­ God! I know not what course others may adequate public protection in poorly lighted take; but as for me, give me liberty or streets, badly constructed streets and houses, give me death." It is difficult how the etc. There are seven dumps and crema­ place that gave birth to such immortality tories in the segregated Negro residential should hold as chattle in chains a slave of sections. any color. But in spite of this anomaly, The legal segregation of the races only the relations of the races in the Confed­ makes more grievous this sanitary eye­ erate capital have remained very amicable, sore of colored Richmond. The assessed a fact just as strange as the other. A value of Negro property is four million friendship has grown up here between mas­ dollars. ters and servants such as is found nowhere When the question of organization is else in all the South. This love or friend­ raised, it is said that Richmond is super- liness is an indefinable subtle sentiment. organized—there are wheels in wheels, fra­ The spirit of the old "master" is still ternities, and societies, and yet Richmond marching on and the old Negro is still seems unnecessarily divisible. Its Negroes marching on, too. do not unite themselves solidly enough to In spite of this friendliness between the fight segregation nor anything else effect- 126 THE CRISIS ively. Some of its leaders have the repu­ Laborers, 4339. Linesmen, 8. tation of being- selfish and non-patriotic. It Livery, boarding and sales stables, 2. is strange to say that any city where the Laundresses, 734. Lathers, 10. Negroes have demonstrated to the world Manicurists, 3. Mai! carriers, 72. their success in finance, organizations of Machinists, 6. large proportions, culture, proficiency, and Maids, 310. Midwives, 5. efficiency of Negro effort, there should be Music teachers, vocal and instrumental,]:?. this evident incision and divisibility among Xurses, 99. Newspapers and periodicals, 5. the leading elements. The question is still, Notaries, 13. Orderlies, 32. Can colored Richmond ever solidly unite? Paperhangers, 8. Painters, 25. The State Penitentiary is located in Pavers, 5. Richmond. Its inmates during 1914 totaled Peddlers, 6. Photographers, 2. 2182; of these 1672 were colored and 510 Physicians, 30. were white. Porters, 841. Plasterers, 126. Of the four probation officers in Rich­ Plumbers, gas and steam fitters, 3. Postorfice clerks, 7. mond not one is colored. Yet, in 1914, of Poultry dealers, 3. the 997 juveniles handled, 539 were col­ Publisher, 1. Printers, 3. ored. Real estate agents and dealers, 0. Seamstresses, 2 5. The earnings of the white people are Shoemakers and repairers, GO. larger than those of the Negroes, especially Sextons, 14. Stenographers, 8. those who have reached the upper ages. Teamsters and expressmen, 23. Among the Negro boys and girls, earnings Tailors, 6. Upholsterers, 5. show little increase with advancing age, Waiters, 2S2. Watchmen, 20. and this is especially true of the girls. Waitresses, 23. Three-fifths of the older boys are engaged A most striking feature of Richmond is in work entirely unrelated to their chosen the large number of apparently prosperous occupations. Two-thirds of the older girls beneficial societies. Among these may be are engaged in work entirely unrelated to mentioned the St. Luke Order, the True their chosen occupations. The following sta­ Reformers, the Richmond Beneficial, the tistics will show the activities of colored American Beneficial, the Southern Aid, Inc., Richmond: and several others of like prominence which Agents, insurance, 54. present interesting examples of Negro thrift Artists. 4. Automobile repairers, 4. and business ability. The Southern Aid So­ Bakers, IS. Butlers, 178. ciety alone owns $200,000 worth of real es­ Bookkeepers, IS. tate and government bonds, and about $50,- Bellmen, 53. Butchers. 47. 000 worth of first mortgages on improved Bricklayers. 28. city real estate. The St. Luke Order oper­ Bicycle dealer am! repairer, 1. Barbers, S5. ates in twenty-four states with a financial Blacksmiths and wheelwrights, 10. Bootblacks, 5. membership of 41,200 and assets of $114,- Caterers, 2. 000. In August, 1917, this organization Colleges, 3. Cooks, 782. will celebrate its fiftieth anniversary. Coopers, 2S. Contractors and builder.-, 10. Richmond is noted for its large and Carpenters, lul. Clerks, 120. prosperous Negro churches. Ten of these Chauffeurs, 128. churches have memberships of over two Coachmen. 101 Dressmakers. 18. thousand each. Of the fifty odd churches, Drivers, 720. Domestic service, 1005. all except seven are Baptists. Dentists, 4. Dry goods and notion businesses, 3. Richmond's voice of public sentiment is Druggists, 6. edited through four weeklies: The St. Luke Dyers and cleaners. SO. Fish, game and oyster dealers, tr,. Herald, the Richmond Planet, the Reformer, Funeral directors and embalmers, 16. and the Progressive Citizen. Engineers, 5. Elevator operators. 43. There is no city, probably, in the whole Foremen, 74. Hairdressers, 23. country that does as much Negro business 11 orseshocrs. 0. Hucksters, 9. as Richmond. There are two prosperous Be- Ice cream manufacturer, 1 Busy banks: The St. Luke's Penny Savings Insurance companies, 7. Janitors. 108. Bank, and the Mechanics' Savings Bank. Janitresses, 12. Each does a business of over two hundred .funk dealers. 2. MEN OF RICHMOND 127 thousand dollars per year, and the last two pies a building formerly used as a white named are members of the American Bank­ school and has an enrollment of over five hundred students. Land for a new build­ ers' Association. ing has been purchased by the city, but no The leading educational institution m building has as yet been erected. Until Richmond is Virginia Union University, 1915, the school had white teachers, but in which is also one of the leading colleges of that year colored instructors were installed. the country. It is under the control of the The Catholics have a school for colored Baptists. It employs twenty teachers and children known as the Van do Vyver College. has enrolled sixty-one college students and It accommodates live hundred students and 264 students in other departments. Its an­ is in charge of the Sisters of the Order of nual income is about $24,000. St. Francis. It has classes in music, needle­ work, Latin, and French, and a night school The Armstrong High School was founded for the training of automobile chauffeurs. in 1S67 by a chaplain of the United States The head of the college is Father Charles Army. For many years it was supported Hannigan, a well-known friend and de­ by The Freedmen's Bureau. It now occu­ fender of colored people.

MRS. ORA I:. SAUNDERS (Center) AND SOME OF HER CO-WORKERS IX Tl NATIONAL PROTECTIVE LEAGUE FOR NEGRO GIRLS Men of Richmond

HE REVEREND W. H. STOKES, Ph. can Prison Association's session in 1908; T D., studied at Wayland Seminary. He Governor Mann made him a delegate to the received his B. D., in 1899, from Richmond Southern Sociological Congress in 1914; and Theological Seminary; A. B., Virginia Union Governor Stuart, in 1915, commissioned him University, 1903; A. M., 1904, and Ph. D., in a delegate to the National Conference of 1906. He has been the pastor of Ebenezer Charities and Corrections. Last year Dr. Baptist Church since 1902. His work has Stokes was successful in having closed over been so effective that Governor Swanson twenty saloons in the colored residential commissioned him a delegate to the Ameri­ section of Jackson Ward for which the citi- 128 THE CRISIS

THE REV. W. H. STOKES DR. M. B. JONES DR. W. H. HUGHES MR. JOHN MITCHELL. JR. THE REV. Z. D. LEWIS ATT'Y. J, T. HEWIN MR. G. W. BRAGG MEN OF RICHMOND zens presented him a silver loving cup as Pasteur Institute, Paris; and Czerny's Clin­ a token of their appreciation for this serv­ ics at Heidelberg. He returned to Rich­ ice. mond, where he has since resumed private T>ROFESSOR CHARLES T. RUSSELL practise. is the superintendent of Virginia MR. JOHN MITCHELL, JR., is one of Union University. He received his early Richmond's bachelors. He was edu­ training in the Richmond Public schools and cated at the Armstrong Normal School. He took up architecture at Hampton Institute, has served as an alderman and in other ca­ and was graduated. He is the only licensed pacities of city government. He is widely Negro architect in Richmond. His interest known as the editor of the Richmond Planet. in young men who enter into business activ­ He is Grand Chancellor of the Virginia ities has made him especially appreciated. Knights of PythiaSj Worthy Chancellor of the Court of Calanthe, founder and presi­ pvR. MILES B. JONES is a graduate of dent of the Mechanics' Savings Bank, and the old Richmond Institute. He at­ the only Negro member of the American tended Richmond Theological Seminary and Bankers' Association. was a teacher for ten years in the Richmond public schools. In 1901 he received his pv R. E. R. JEFFERSON was graduated M. D. degree from Howard University Med­ from Shaw University with the de­ ical School. He is founder and surgeon-in- gree of B. S., in 1892; and Leonard Medical chief of the Richmond Hospital, physician College, of this university, in 1893. He has for Virginia Union University, founder of since been resident physician of this school the colored branch of the Young Men's and a professor of physiology and chem­ Christian Association in Richmond, and he istry. He is medical examiner for several has been the superintendent of Second Bap­ Negro fraternities in Richmond and Master tist Sunday School since 1889. of Exchequer, Grand Lodge, Knights of A TTORNEY J. THOMAS HEWIN was Pythias. born in Dinwiddie County, Virginia. GEORGE W. BRAGG realized over $100,- He studied in the public schools and at 000 through the laundry business. He Commercial College, at Smithdeal. He is a then entered the real estate business. He graduate of Boston University Law School. is one of Richmond's most successful busi­ For the past sixteen years he has practised ness men. law in Richmond and become a prominent TAR. J. B. SIMPSON has been professor figure in his profession. He is president of of Greek and sociology in Wayland the American Beneficial Insurance Com­ College of Virginia Union University for pany and the Improved Order of the Shep­ twenty-five years. He has studied at Way- herds and Daughters of Bethlehem recently land Seminary, Washington, D. C; Colby elected him Grand Shepherd. College, Maine; Newton Theological Sem­ DR. Z. D. LEWIS is widely known as a inary; and the University of Illinois. One Hebrew scholar. He studied at the of his professors has said of him: "You may public schools and Richmond Theological In­ strike Mr. Simpson anywhere, at any time, stitute. He is president of the Baptist with anything, and he will always ring General Association of Virginia and has true." He has lived a life of devotion to been the pastor of Second Baptist Church principle regardless of popularity. for over thirty years. TiyfRS. MAGGIE L. WALKER is the DR. W. N. HUGHES' ability as a sur­ president of the St. Luke's Bank, and geon is widely recognized. He re­ the only Negro woman banker in America; ceived his A. B. from Virginia Normal and Right Worthy Secretary-Treasurer of the Collegiate Institute, in 1893; he was grad­ Supreme Council of the Independent Order uated in medicine from Shaw University, of St. Luke, the editor of the St. Luke's in 1897; a post-graduate at Howard Uni­ Herald, and the president of the Colored versity Medical School; and interne at the Women's Council of Virginia. She is a Freedmen's Hospital from 1897 to 1898. In product of the Armstrong Normal School. 1902 Governor Bliss appointed him to serve TV/TRS. ORA B. SAUNDERS studied at the government. He resigned this charge •*•»-*- the Virginia Normal Industrial Insti­ in 1915 to go abroad. He attended clinics tute, at Petersburg, and was graduated in at Bartholomew Hospital, in London; 1900. She is the founder and superinten- A GLIMPSE OF SOME • COLORED RICHMOND 132 THE CRISIS

dent of the National of Henrico County. League for the Protec­ She received her train­ tion of Negro Girls, ing in the Richmond one of the two Ne­ public schools and gro trustees of Harts­ started her work as horn Memorial Col­ an educator at Moun­ lege; and first vice- tain Road school. This president of the Vir­ school has since been ginia Federation of rebuilt and named Colored Women's the Virginia E. Clubs. Randolph School in her honor. Last year MISS ADELA F. she founded the Col­ RUFFIN is the ored Industrial Ex- secretary of the hange in Richmond. branch of the Young Women's Christian R S. LUCY Association in Rich­ Mi BROOKS LEWIS mond. She took spe­ was born in Richmond, cial training for this Virginia, March 20, work at the National 1861. She was educat­ Y. W. C. A., in New- ed in the Richmond York City. She stud­ public schools. She is ied at Norfolk Mis­ an active charity sion College and has DR. G. B. SIMPSON worker and was presi­ taught in the normal dent of the Women's schools and colleges in the South. She is a Auxiliary of the Richmond Y. M. C. A. for religious asset to the young people of Rich­ six years, and was also president of the mond. Richmond Y. W. C. A. from its founding in ISS VIRGINIA E. RANDOLPH is the 1912 to 1915. Mrs. Lewis is due much M originator of the Randolph System praise for her untiring and successful ef­ used in the public schools of Richmond, and forts in behalf of this branch of the Y. W. is the supervisor of the industrial schools C. A. during its infancy.

MRS. L. B. LEWIS MRS. M. L. WALKER MISS V. E. RANDOLPH MISS A. F. R TIFFIN THE FINAL STRAIN

By G. Douglas Johnson.

I CLIMBED the craggy hill of fame, "0 God," I cried, "what bliss"—when lo! Heart-sore and wearily, Came stealing like a pall, Stood on her gleaming goal at length, The strains of Life's Last Symphony, And sighed in ecstacy. In Prelude, to—the call. The Looking Glass LITERATURE above the average, and creditable from ev­ ery standpoint." OUBLEDAY, PAGE AND COMPANY "In Spite of the Handicap," an autobiog­ have issued the long-awaited "Book­ raphy of James D. Corrothers, is a very ex­ er T. Washington, Builder of a Civiliza­ cellent book and one which we can recom­ tion," by Emmett J. Scott, and Lyman mend to our readers. (George H. Doran Beecher Stowe (at THE CRISIS office, two and Company. At THE CRISIS office, $1.25, dollars, plus postage). plus postage). The book is handsomely done and en­ The story is most entertaining and ends tertainingly written and may be recom­ with this fine word: mended to the general reader; to those, "The best of my life is now. The great however, who had hoped for a broad and gift of life is so pregnant with possibilities discriminating statement of the meaning of that no one possessing it should permanent­ Mr. Washington and his work, this biog­ ly despair, but rather with an assuring hope raphy will be a distinct disappointment. trudge forward ever expectantly. And the morn may bring a smile, and the darkness The facts were furnished by a man who blessed dreams, and Life be big with ful­ knew much more than he revealed and fillment for him. Truly, in my own case, I they were put into literary shape by another think I can say that I have tried to do my honest best with that life which held for man who did not know or sense the real me so humble a beginning." problem of the Negro in America. The M. de Zayas has isued "African Ne- result is, first, a repetition of well-known facts without any illuminating additions; second, an attempt to defend Mr. Wash­ ington wmere no defense is now needed. Mr. Washington's work is done. No one is attacking him. At the same time those who did disagree with him still hold to their disagreement and they find nothing in this biography to change their conclusions. Finally, there are here and there mis­ leading statements which are very unfor­ tunate, for instance, the sneer on page twenty-four against the "numerically small and individually unimportant' Ne­ groes who opposed Mr. Washington's pro­ gram" and who were filled with nothing but "Latin, Greek, and Theology, and the like;" and the statement of. the reasons for the failure of the conference at Car­ negie Hall, which is not true, and must be so recognized by the numbers who took part. Evidently we have still to look for the real biography of Booker T. Wash­ ington. Meantime, those who opposed him may take comfort in a paragraph of Theodore Roosevelt's preface: "In the same way. while Booker T. Wash­ ington firmly believed that the attention of the Colored race should be riveted, not on political life, but on success sought in the fields of honest business endeavor, he also felt, and I agreed with him, that it was to the interest of both races that there should be appointments to office of Black Men whose characters and abilities were such that if they were White Men their JAMES D. CORROTHERS appointments would be hailed as being well When Ten Years Old I:J4 THE CRISIS g-ro Art, Its Influence on Modern Art." Negro labor from the South to the North. The administration affects to believe that His conclusions are striking: it is political in character. The American It is certain that before the introduc­ Federation of Labor, now in session at Bal­ tion of the plastic principles of Negro art, timore, alleges that it has discovered that abstract representations did not exist such importation of Negroes to Ohio had among Europeans. Negro art has re-awak­ demonstrated to the satisfaction of labor ened in us the feeling for abstract form, it leaders in that state that they were being has brought into our art the means to ex­ brought North for the purpose of filling the press our purely sensorial feelings in re­ places of union men demanding better con­ gard to form, or to find new form in our ditions, as in the case of freight handlers. ideas. The abstract representations of mod­ The Milwaukee Leader spoke boldly: ern art are unquestionably the offspring of the Negro Art which has made us conscious The Negro laborer is becoming accus­ of a subjective state, obliterated by ob­ tomed to being deprived of rights that con­ jective education. stitutions and legislation have conferred upon him. But the peculiar efforts now be­ It is unfortunate that after this true word ing made to hold him in the South, where he should go so far outside of his field he has so long been condemned as a curse, as an artist to try and explain Negro must awaken some surprise. achievement as the product of the lowest Three years ago the Federal Department of Labor established a free employment bu­ of human animals. reau. It was hailed as a long step toward Charles F. Heartman has issued the sec­ solving the unemployed problem. At least, ond volume of his Bibliographica Americ­ it would enable the worker to find the most ana. It is entitled, "A Bibliographical desirable jobs. Then came the war and for the first time Checklist of American Negro Poetry," and in the history of capitalism, there was really was compiled by Arthur A. Schomburg. no army of unemployed. But there was Mr. Schomburg has brought together over still a very great difference in jobs. Manu­ five hundred titles of volumes and pamphlets facturers and munition workers were pay­ ing wages that looked like affluence to the written by American Negro poets. Negro field worker. So these workers start­ ed North by hundreds of thousands. Many THE HEGIRA of them were assisted in so doing by the information furnished by the federal em­ rT,HE continued migration of colored la- ployment offices. •1 borers from the South to the North and Now come the legislatures of several the West has brought out much editorial com Southern States and the city councils of many cities passing laws and ordinances ment. Just before the election, the Demo­ prohibiting the operation of any employ­ cratic party suddenly discovered that the ment offices. Some municipalities have even cause of the migration was political. The forbidden the emigration of Negroes. All make it a crime to "entice" workmen from Watertown, New York, Times said: their employment. Attorney General Gregory said imme­ Hereafter, all legislation pretending to diately following election: "I have evidence confer any rights or liberties should avoid that a large number of Negroes from the such difficulties by attaching a clause pro­ South moved into northern states within viding that it "shall not apply to Negroes." ninety days before the election. So far, I do On second thought the clause might as well not know whether this movement was in read "all workingmen excepted." dustrial or political, although some of them The resolutions adopted by the American attempted to register." The American Federation of Labor's res­ Federation of Labor at its recent convention olution will convey to Attorney General in Baltimore were as follows: Gregory the information that the emigra­ "Whereas, The emigration of Southern tion was industrial. How horrible that Negroes to Northern labor centers, which some of these men should attempt to regis­ has occasioned anxiety on the part of the ter. The Democrats of the South barred United States Department of Labor, and the men from voting in their own states, has occasioned aniety on the part of the and is it a matter of marvel that, deprived of citizenship, they were inclined to emi­ organized labor movement because of the grate and that they attempted to register danger such emigration will cause the work­ when they got north? ers in the Northern states; and "Whereas, The investigation of such em­ The federation and all the South knows igration and importation of Negroes into that the movement was industrial, and the the State of Ohio has demonstrated to the South wants its cheap labor back home satisfaction of the labor leaders in that again. state that they are being brought North for The Buffalo Express puts it thus: the purpose of filling the places of union The administration at Washington is not men demanding better conditions, as in the the only power which is four-flushing on case of the freight handlers; and the question presented by the migration of "Whereas, The shortage of European la- THE LOOKING GLASS 135 bor has made the Southern Negro an asset against such outrages. They deplore them, in the labor markets of the North, and the but are moral cowards, and keep quiet. conditions that prevail in Ohio may apply Even if put upon jury they won't convict, in all Northern states; therefore, be it so the criminals go unpunished with, as "Resolved that this thirty-sixth annual they think, a license to continue their convention of the American Federation of brutal doings. It is not as a general thing Labor instruct the president and executive the lower order of humanity who inaugu­ council to inaugurate a movement looking rate lynchings. Their position in society toward the organization of these men in is such that they can't afford to. Like a the Southern states, to the end that they pack of sheep they will gladly follow lead­ may be instructed and educated along the ers from the better class, and they gen­ lines of the trade-union movement, and erally get that leadership. thereby eliminate this menace to the work­ In confirmation of the above, we have ers of the Northern states." received this letter from Abbeville: Meantime, some colored men have been frankly expressing in the columns of South­ I saw through THE CRISIS in reading about the murder of Anthony Crawford ern white papers their opinions as to the that you said it was a crowd of idlers from cause of the migration of the better class the square. I just want to tell you the mis­ of Negroes. Sidney H. Johnson, in the New take. They were not idlers. They were Orleans Times-Picayune, said: clerks from the stores. The merchants closed their stores and went out with sticks, The Negro is despised by the lower ele­ ax handles, and pick handles to beat him ment of white men, who continually ag­ with; and there was not but one colored gravate him in town and city, and laws person around to say a word—that was a that are made to govern all are only meted woman and she was ordered to leave Abbe­ out to the Negro. The better class Negro ville. does not violate the law save when com­ pelled to do so—that is to act in self-de­ Southern papers are stressing the "pock- fense—and the chances are he may never etbook" argument against lynching. As get a chance to get safely in jail where the New York Globe says: he can give an account of his actions and prove that he was justified in doing what South Carolina may not be open to claims he did. There is no protection for us in of abstract right and justice, but her busi­ our homes. A white man can kill a Negro ness men do not wish to lynch their pocket- any time he likes and simply say the Ne­ books. gro assaulted him. He goes free. A Negro It is generally recognized that if the op­ does not protect himself in the South. Sev­ pression of the Negroes is to stop in the eral days ago during the announcing of South the change must come from within; returns of the world's series, I was driving must be the work of the Southern people up Camp Street. Little boys began spit­ themselves; that it can not be introduced ting in my face. from without. Comment from the outside Finally, the grown ones did the same. is practically helpful in so far as it may In order to save my life I had to endure all tend to persuade the Southern people them­ this. During" carnival times, they beat up selves to undertake the great work of im­ Negroes terribly. The police never show proving the relations of the two races. But up until it's over. It's useless to appeal the aftermath of the Abbeville lynching for protection; you may land in jail. It's furnishes evidence that at last a change is true the Negro can not exercise his mechan­ coming. ical trade in the North as well as he can in Anthony Crawford is reported to have our Southland, but it's the peaceful way once said to a friend: "The day a white man of living that he goes for; a right to his hits me is the day I die." The instinct of rights; a right to live in peace and har­ his manhood led him to resist wrong even mony unmolested by those he does not care though he well knew the consequences to to be with socially or domestically. him personally. He died, but his death gives promise of not having been in vain. LYNCHING A writer to the Albany, Georgia, Her­ ald asked: W. F. CLAYTON writes in the Charles- "Do the people of the South realize that * ton News and Courier: one of the most effective arguments used Are we a civilized, enlightened, and Chris­ to attract Negroes from this section to the tian people, and allow such things to con­ North is the assurance that there the Ne­ tinue? Why, unless this manner of acting gro receives as fair treatment as the white by our people is not put a stop to, we arc man? With the boll weevil just establish­ not even half-civilized. In fact, we are ing itself in Georgia, do the Georgians who barbarous. Now, why is this state of fear demoralization in the ranks of farm things allowed? Our people as a whole arc labor realize that when a Georgia Negro is not in favor of such lawlessness. The rea­ told that in New Jersey, for instance, the son is found in the fact that while our Negro gets a 'square deal' in the courts, people have physical courage, they lack the argument makes a tremendous appeal moral courage to rise up and cry out to him?" 136 THE CRISIS

The Augusta Chronicle adds: rationally. The Cleveland Plaindealer The Chronicle agrees with its Albany con­ says: temporary in its further comment that in­ It required but thirty-five minutes for a evitably a majority of the Negroes who are Putnam County jury this week to find guilty leaving the South for the North are going one of the rioters who at Lima last August to be disappointed in the change—as many attempted to lynch the sheriff because he of them have already become—but this is had spirited away a prisoner whom the not going to keep them from leaving this mob desired to punish. He is a machinist section; particularly, when the appeal is who, the evidence showed, climbed a tele­ made to them that they are in constant graph pole, fastened a rope and then helped danger of mob violence. place the noose about the sheriff's neck. The truth of the matter is—these law­ This is the second conviction at Lima. A less mobs have already cost the South mil­ grocer has already been convicted on a lions of dollars, and it is high time that the charge similar to that against the ma­ best farmers and business men were rais­ chinist. Thirty-two others remain to be ing their voices in defense of their own tried. interests. After all, the pocketbook argu­ ment may make the strongest appeal. Lima does well. A community may be properly blamed for letting its angry pas­ The Columbia State says: sions reach the point of murderous vio­ The matter is one which chiefly concerns lence. It is more blameworthy, however, the southern farmers. If they stand by if, after the event, it is so forgetful of its and tolerate the driving of the Negroes out self-respect as to let the riotous partici­ of the South by crime and cruelty, their pants escape punishment for their crime. complaints about the loss of their labor Two men started for the penitentiary and will hardly command attention. thirty-two on the court's waiting list is Every southern lyncher is an emigration Lima's answer to the implication of her agent working effectively for northern em­ critics of last summer. ployers. W. E. Wimpy, writing in the Manufac­ The White Presbyterian Synod of Georgia turers' Record, Baltimore, says: was not so cowardly as The Arkansas Synod. Lynching in the South is a fact, not a The Georgia Synod raised a mighty voice theory. In your issue of August 24, I against the lynching horror: showed by statistics seventy-eight lynchings Resolved, that the synod of Georgia, in in nine and one-half months in the United the discharge of its sacred trust as a di­ States, and seventy-seven of them were in vinely commissioned expounder of the will the South. This, I said, was caused by the of God, hereby records its abhorrence of the multitude of county governments within the crime of lynching, a crime which can be southern states, and I stick to it. There is characterized by no milder term than mur­ no land under Heaven where the officers der, deliberate and premeditated. The swarm from so many hives as in the State crime is rather aggravated than paliated of Georgia. by the numbers who take part in it. The A few days ago our newspapers were tell­ pollution of soul and degradation of char­ ing of a woman who went to intercede in a acter, which inevitably result from such dispute between her son and an overseer; a brutal crime, are not distributed in frac­ the man attacked the boy's mother; the boy tional parts, but come as an undivided curse felled the overseer and fled. When he was upon each participant. The guilt or inno­ captured he did not know the man was dead cence of the victim modifies but slightly, if and that his mother had been lynched. The at all, the quality of the act. Lynchers are man who notices things and remembers no more authorized by God or man, by them will tell you that the majority of those human or divine law, to kill a guilty crim­ lynched never see inside of a courthouse inal than to kill an exemplary citizen. In from the time the notion is taken to lynch cither case they defy God, dishonor the until their eyes are closed in death on the state, and debase themselves. tree. Resolved second, that the synod would Now, I will give some figures that the welcome the corroborative testimony of its doubting Thomases can look up. The six sister churches that by the combined influ­ New England States have combined sixty- ence of God's people this crime of lynching seven counties; Georgia has 152. might be branded with the infamy which it The Middle States—New York, New Jer­ deserves, and the public conscience so en­ sey, Pennsylvania and Delaware — have lightened and aroused that in the future combined 153 counties; Georgia has 152. our country should be spared the odium The four Middle States have a population which this relic of barbarism has brought of 19,521,214; Georgia has only 2,609,121. upon it. The six New England States have a pop­ ulation of 6,652,683; Georgia has only While Paducah refused even to indict 2,609,121. * her lynchers and Abbeville passed resolu­ The sixteen Southern States combined tions and arrested five of the lynchers for have 1.504 counties, which constitute an disorderly conduct and immediately re­ army that is controlled and presided over leased them on bail, Lima, Ohio, acted more by sixteen state armies or state governments, besides a large army of politicians, and a THE LOOKING GLASS 137 still larger army of more respectable non- anything close about the result of the na­ producing gentry, and there are two other tional election. large non-producing armies that are help­ Even the South now and then recognizes ing to keep the "dear peepul" away from its menace to itself. An "Old Confederate" the savings banks of the "dear Solid South." writes the New York Tribune, from Vir­ Not since one of the 1,504 little county ginia: or family governments has been born in The South is perfectly willing to form a the southern states has papa or the state coalition with any dissatisfied element in dared to invade or enter therein unless re­ the North, provided that element is strong quested by her sheriff, not even when five enough to assure victory and will for the were lynched on one tree, three men and time being allow itself to be called Demo­ two women, and one man shot for good cratic. Every question is of secondary im­ measure, all on the same day portance to the South in comparison with It is unthinkable that the guarantee of the one which appeals to us every day, our nation should be treated as a scrap of namely, how does the solution of this ques­ paper. With several hundred lynched since tion or that question affect our relation to Mr. Wilson took the oath I mentioned above, the Negro? I have yet to hear of him opening his mouth The Negro is before us, in the flesh, tan­ or raising a hand toward attempting to pro­ gible; all other questions are theoretical. tect one life from being lynched. He could We are going to settle this question—the at least have written one "note." Duck tangible one—to suit ourselves. We have and dodge the question as we may, Mr. Wil­ no firm convictions on any other question. son has failed in this situation, and it is An important question came up some criminal to attempt to deny it. months back. President Wilson and his Secretary of War, Mr. Garrison, agreed that THE ELECTION the best way to prepare the country to de­ fend itself against foreign aggression was EVERYONE concedes that without The to compel every able-bodied male citizen of military age to undergo military training Solid South Mr. Wilson could not have for a stated period. been re-elected. The New Republic, New The president went before the country York, says: and aroused the people to a realization of By a narrow margin he has won a vote of the danger of unpreparedness. His speeches confidence in his general purpose, domestic were very effective. He came back to Wash­ and foreign, but no one who is candid about ington ready to place before Congress his the electoral aid of the Solid South can plans to raise this great army of soldiers. In pretend that the re-election is a nation­ the meanwhile the Democratic congressmen wide examination and affirmation of his poli­ from the South had heard from their con­ cies. stituents. These congressmen went to Mr. Wilson and told him that the South would The Cleveland Leader is more outspoken: not for one minute agree to arming and No official result of the presidential elec­ training as soldiers the young Negro men of tion, no recounting or corrections, can in the South. The king can do no wrong, and any way alter one great fact which con­ Mr. Garrison was unceremoniously kicked cerns the opinions, the sentiment and the out of the cabinet. best judgment of the American people. It The menace of the South is real. We are is their decision, by a very large popular a menace to ourselves as well as to you. vote plurality in the states where elections Thousands of us vote the Democratic ticket, mean a free and honest test of beliefs and but in our hearts hope the good sense of the desires, that Charles Evans Hughes, not North will save us from a calamity of our Woodrow Wilson, represented the best poli­ own making. cies and the soundest forces in American public life. Outside of those states in the South, FROM LAODICEA where elections are a farce and the Consti­ tution of the United States is absolutely dis­ LF ARRISON RHODES has had two arti- regarded and trodden upon in every na­ *• cles on the Negro problem in the New tional contest, there is a net margin for Republic, New York, which are stimulating. Hughes over Wilson of at least 300,000. It may be 400,000 or more. Excluding Border He writes, for instance, speaking of the States which have comparatively little vote North: suppression and coercion, the Hughes plu­ The practitioners of the new pro-southern rality is fully 500,000. view never repel the insinuation that This fact is well worth keeping in mind though they are of the honest industrious and weighing carefully in all efforts to bourgeois North, they really belong in spirit judge the real opinion of the American peo­ to the impetuous, idle, and aristocratic South. ple on great issues of the day. If the Con­ And besides these social snobs, there are in­ stitution of the United States had any force tellectual ones as well. To say that the or effect in the gulf states and some states Abolitionists and their theories were already on the southern Atlantic coast, in respect out of fashion has seemed such a brisk mod­ to the suffrage, there would not have been ern note, and appeared to suggest so 13S THE CRISIS strongly that the thinker of such thoughts we may still love humanity while we deny was both original and independent. To be its freedom and only hope for its equality the first in a New England or a northern in some future day. Is it not possible, in Ohio community to discover that it had the interests both of black man and of been a mistake to give the Negro the white, to leave unsettled the question of the vote was a privilege for anyone who cared black's equality and his destiny, and mean­ to be esteemed a pioneer in iconoclastic and while to appreciate his suave good-natured revolutionary thought contribution to our national tone? And not To a dispassionate observer, the fear of to become too enthusiastic about not giving social equality between white and black is him his chance? now for the most part a mere bogie-man to Reginald Wright Kauffman writes to the frighten children with. It is certain that New York Evening Post and to the Phila­ the Negro, so soon as he can afford them, would like to travel in Pullman cars, go to delphia Public Ledger: good hotels and enjoy orchestra seats in Pray permit me, even though it involves the theatre; but it is also quite probable an introductory mention of my own work, that he would be content that whites should space in your columns to point out a habit be excluded from all these places. The dis­ of mind from which I am but one of many comforts of the Jim-Crow car are probably sufferers. I refer to the habit that forbids the chief objection to it. It may be that any Northern writer to write of the South. with the years he has seen more of the My new novel, "The Mark of the Beast," whites, but at any rate it actually seems is pitched in the South and revolves about as if the passion for social acknowledgment, the lynching of a Negro for a crime .of which no doubt seized upon many Negroes which a white man was guilty—and the after the war has abated if not almost wholly passed. It was symptomatic of that South doesn't like it. Southern' papers re­ time; it, or at least its excesses, have gone fuse advertisements; they shout condemna­ with it. It is extremely doubtful whether, tion; not on moral grounds or literary; they as is so often asserted, morbidly ambitious simply say that I have "failed to under­ blacks are everywhere cherishing that tra­ stand the Negro problem," simply move Mr. ditional fond hope of being "received at our Charles W. Chesnutt, for whose "Conjure dinner tables." The settlements in the Woman" readers will long be grateful, to Yazoo River districts in Mississippi where write me: "The South is so much the prosperous agricultural and trading- com­ spoiled child of the American family that munities exist, wholly free from whites, may if ever a writer sees fit to write anything quite as likely represent for them an ideal. about it in any but an adulatory manner, Does it never occur to anyone that the he is apt to come in for a very sharp scold­ Negro might conceivably be tired of the ing." white man, of his interference—even of his What has spoiled the South? Why, so help and his very presence? far as it is concerned, may anybody discuss graft or the absurdly so-called "white sla­ A great deal of genuine feeling both North very" and nobody child labor or lynching? and South against the Negro masquerades No New Yorker, so far as I can recall, as traditional race prejudice, and thus, as scolded me for my exposure of certain New it were, avoids detection and straightfor­ York conditions in "The House of Bond­ ward dealing. Our grievance against him age." Why all this mystery on the part of today is really largely an economic one. He Southerners, and especially Southern writ­ has, to our eyes, two great defects. First, ers, about the "Negro problem." If there he will not work for us when we want him is a "Negro problem," why do Southerners to. Second, he has a low standard of living object to its mention? If there is a "Negro and when he will work is often ready to problem" that Northerners are incapable of accept lower wages than the whites. We telling the truth about, why don't the think it would be presumptuous of him to Southern novelists tell the truth about it? have any higher standard of living and we They tell nothing, yet they grant the right quite think he deserves lower wages, and of fiction to discuss problems, and the word yet—the whole question is a mass of con­ "problem" implies something to be solved. tradictions, almost paradoxes. I have said "The South." Perhaps I have Everyone who has worked with and for there played into the hands of the persons the Negro knows by this time—or ought to I refer to; they call themselves "The South," know, if he is honest with himself—that it but they are not; they are only a small por­ is quite impossible to hope that the Negro tion of it. Men such as former Supreme will ever love labor purely for its own sake, Court Justice Gudger, of North Caro­ or long passionately to toil because the lina, and Edmund F. Noel, the Democratic white man thinks it would lie a virtue in ex-Governor of Mississippi, have praised my him to toil. Are there many whites who book, and Bishop Cheshire, of North Caro­ work in just this way? Art for art's sake lina, has written me approving my attitude is sufficiently difficult; hard work for hard in regard to lynch law. Such men are in work's sake even more difficult to indoc­ the majority in the South; they not only trinate oppose lynching; they do not' object to Now in these troubled days of the twen­ Northerners opposing it. The fault may, tieth century, with clouded horizons and the therefore, lie with the North, which is too social revolution like a mirage before us. ready to accept the loud voice of the fren- THE LOOKING GLASS 139 zied few for the sober judgment of the high- The Alabama Urban League, of Newark, minded many. New Jersey, sends this open letter to Major But why the few? And why our accept­ ance of them? Moton, signed by Miss Eva C. Alford, presi­ dent, and other officers: A representative from our league, who MOTON is no stranger in and around New York City, .spent much time trying to locate such al­ PRINCIPAL MOTON, of Tuskegee In- leged conditions as contained in the state­ stitute, Alabama, has again struck the ment, "huddled together like pigs," and re­ wrong note, in the opinion of the colored ports that such a condition does not exist press. The Georgia Baptist confesses, for and the statement is calculated to do much harm. instance: We, therefore, go on record as most bit­ That we are tired and sick of the me, too, terly opposing the stand you take in the boss, hat-in-hand "nigger." And we are also matter of Negro exodus from the South, sick of the type whose dictum is: "So I get the time, place, and manner in which you a plenty the devil take the rest of the 'nig­ expressed yourself, from and because of gers.' " which great injustice will be done the entire We are constrained to believe that a seri­ race in America. ous mistake has been made in electing "Major" Moton principal of Tuskegee. He POLLARD • is attempting to follow the path blazed by the late Booker T. Washington when he has TT is not that Fritz Pollard is a "colored" neither the wisdom, the ability, nor the football player, but that he is a football vision to do so. player. The editor of the Yale Alumni First, we find him publicly rebuking his Weekly writes of the Yale-Brown game: wife for riding in a Pullman car, according to The Associated Press's report, which the We're not in it a minute as things stand "Major" has never denied, and now we find now. I saw the Brown game. Harvard him telling Negroes to refuse to accept in­ could have licked us 30 to 0 on the basis dustrial opportunities offered them North of our play. We apparently had things and to refuse to try to make better the going well into the second quarter,—yet future for themselves and for their families. lacked the punch for a touchdown on the So long as no industrial opportunities were fourth down on their line. Then they cut offered Negroes North, it was well to advise loose with Pollard, the niftiest half-back them to remain in the South, but now, with I ever saw. He's great this year, no doubt these opportunities opening more and more about it; wears no chest or shoulder pad­ to our people, it is positively criminal to ding, just a jersey; is a human eel. First advise them against accepting them. they carried the ball from the center of the field to our forty yard line. Then Pol­ A Northern colored paper, the Pittsburg lard cut around our right tackle and was Courier, says: going great guns over for a touchdown, For the reason that great men of what­ when our left end took a flying tackle and ever race or color advise those of lesser brought him down on the five-yard line. magnitude to seek the best individual ad­ Four bangs gained nothing at all,—wonder­ vantages, and having found them to give ful defense. I was right behind the play the best possible service—Dr. Moton has in the stand, and saw the finest defensive missed an opportunity to achieve still work on Legore's part that I ever looked greater personal prominence by the utter­ at. He saved that touchdown. He had to ance of the advice accredited to him—that kick out from behind the line, a high kick the Negro is essentially a Southern product, diagonally between the posts and with the and should remain in the Southland, and Brown men on him. Then they came back- that those who have already cast their lots by yards and had a first down inside our in the East, the West and the North would eight-yard line. Again we showed magnifi­ do well to return South. cent goal line defense. They got two yards in three downs. Then our men spread out In this respect we regret that he has not for a forward pass attack, and they drove measured up to the expected standard. We through guard instead of tackle as Legorc have hailed Dr. Moton as the standard expected. The ball was just over our line, bearer for the race, without regard to the with the two teams the other side. But locality in which its members may be domi­ Pollard's great run was a dandy. He must ciled. He should be equally as representa­ have covered all but ten yards of the entire tive of the Negro of the other three points field. He was pocketed three times in a of the compass as of the Negro who is to mass of players, but wriggled out, dodging be found in the South. His spoken word like an eel. He had a free run from our should be the result of deep thought and twenty-five yard line on the west line. He consideration and his doctrine apply to the is a perfect wonder. The ovation to Wilson Negro's condition, wherever situated. A at Madison Square Garden was nothing to man with the training of Dr. Moton, both the handclapping Pollard got as he ambled North and South, should be a broad man, circumspectly back to his position after and one capable of attracting to his aid their goal. and assistance men from everywhere. The Horizon

MUSIC AND ART G Mr. Carl Diton, pianist, and Director of the Music Department of Talladega Col­ MISS HELEN E. HAGAN, pianist, gave lege, Alabama, is filling a series of con­ her first recital in Boston, Massachu­ cert engagements in the North. On No­ setts, on November 23, at Steinert Hall. vember 10, he was heard at the Metro­ The program was as follows: Franck, Pre­ politan A. M. E. Church, in Washington, lude Chorale, and Fugue; Schumann, Car- D. C, where he was assisted by the choir naval, opus 9; Liszt, Liebestraum; Debus­ of the church, Mr. C. H. Wesley, director, sy, Jardin sous la pluie; Coleridge-Taylor, and The Dunbar High School Chorus, con­ Deep River, Let Us Cheer the Weary Trav­ ducted by Miss Mary L. Europe. eler, Bamboula; Chopin, Scherzo in B-flat C Major Walter Loving, the retired con­ minor. The Boston Herald said of the re­ ductor of The Philippine Constabulary cital: "Miss Hagan's tone is remarkable for Band, is to become the Director of the its quality- and depth. She has abundant Washington, D. C, Concert Orchestra, technique, which is skillfully used for pur­ which is to be re-organized into a symphony poses of interpretation. Her legato is orchestra with its membership augmented smooth. She can sing a melody. Her to one hundred. touch is now luscious, now caressing. As an interpreter, she listens to inner voices. C Mme. Mayme Calloway-Byron, soprano, In her playing there is idealism, as well as of Chicago, Illinois, was enthusiastically youthful intensity. She is both imaginative received at the A. M. E. Zion Church, in and emotional. In a word, Miss Hagan de­ Washington, D. C, on November 16: Her serves an honorable place among the program comprised operatic selections from younger pianists." Charpentier, Verdi, Puccini, and Gounod. G Mr. Roland W. Hayes, tenor, appeared at She was assisted by W. Henry Hackney, Jordan Hall, Boston, Massachusetts, on No­ baritone, who sang with Mme. Calloway, in vember 17. He was assisted by Mr. Wesley addition to his solo, the duet, "O Quant Howard, violinist, and Mr. William Law­ Occhi Fisi," from Puccini's "Madame But­ rence, accompanist. The Boston Transcript terfly." Mme. Calloway has had the dis­ made note of the excellence of Mr. Law­ tinction of appearing with The Philhar­ rence's accompaniments, while the Boston monic Orchestras of Munich, and Dresden. Globe said of Mr. Hayes: "His voice is one C Coleridge-Taylor's "Dawn" was one of of uncommon beauty, holding deep within it the English songs that was given the dis­ that poignant call to the heart which is a tinction of repetition when sung by Mme. heritage most of all to the singers of his Alma Gluck, the noted American soprano, race. The voice has grown year by year; at her recital in The Auditorium at Minne­ its sweetness is no less appealing, and Mr. apolis, Minnesota, late in October. C Mr. Henry T. Burleigh was at the piano Hayes has increased greatly his breadth when Charles Harrison, American tenor, and authority of style in the delivery of a sang songs by Burleigh at the second of song." Max Sander's musicales at The Harris C Mr. Clarence Cameron White, violinist, Theater, in New York City, on November is now on concert tour in the Middle West. 5. Orchestral numbers were played by the He has given successful recitals at Colum­ strings and woodwind of The Russian Sym­ bus, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois. On Novem­ phony Orchestra. ber 15, he was heard in a joint recital with Miss Myrtle A. Burgess, pianist, at The C Messrs. Henry T. Burleigh and James Wheatley Branch of The Young Women's Reese Europe participated in a program at Christian Association, in St. Louis, Mis­ Kismet Temple, Brooklyn, New York, No­ souri. Mr. White played numbers by vember 16, to open the campaign for $100,- Brahms-Joachim, Hubay, Dvorak-Kreisler, 000 needed to develop the work of Howard Chaminade-Kreisler, and his own "Three Orphanage. This orphanage was started Bandana Sketches," written after the Ne­ by a colored woman, Mrs. S. A. Tillman, gro idiom. fifty years ago, and incorporated in 1868,

140 THE HORIZON 141

and named in honor of General O. O. How­ an active year of publication. Other im­ ard, who became interested in the project. portant articles have been as follows: "Pre- L. Hollingsworth Wood, 20 Nassau Street, Raphaelitism and Its Literary Relations," New York City, is president of the insti­ in the South Atlantic Quarterly, for Jan­ tution. uary; "The Negro in American Fiction," G The Orpheum Choral Society has been in the Dial, for May 11; "Lorenzo Dow," organized in Richmond, Virginia. It made simultaneously published in July in the its first appearance September 13, before Methodist Review and the Journal uf Neyro a large audience. History; and "The Course in English in the Secondary School," in the Southern Work­ ATHLETICS man, for September. In addition, Mr. rT",HE following football scores have been Brawley has written the formal "History * made: of Morehouse College" that is announced for Fisk 35—West Virginia 12. publication in connection with the celebra­ Fisk 0—Howard 16. tion of the fiftieth anniversary of the col­ Morehouse 14—Fisk 0. lege, in February. Morehouse 23—Tuskegee 0. Morehouse 17—Atlanta 10. G Mr. George W. Wheeler, of Dayton, Ohio, Hampton 19—Lincoln 7. has been promoted from the police force to Howard 7—West Virginia 7. detective duty. Livingstone 25—Shaw 11. C Mr. Wellington Willard has recently been Atlanta 6—Tuskegee 0. selected as private stenographer to the Prairie View 26—Bishop 13. treasurer of The Pennsylvania Sugar Com­ Biddle 14—Benedict 0. pany, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Mr. Biddle 21—Livingstone 0. Willard has been with this corporation one Hampton 12—Howard 3. year as one of eight stenographers em­ Hampton 15—Virginia Union 6. ployed in the general offices. He won recog­ G Mr. P. J. Carter, assistant coach at How­ nition by accuracy displayed in a recent ard University, selects the following col­ efficiency contest held by the company. ored All-American Football Team for the G Negro farmers in Jefferson County, Ar­ Border States: kansas' cotton belt, are attracting much at­ End—Brewer (Fisk). tention to themselves. Mrs. Rebecca Daw­ Tackle—Matthews (Howard), Capt. son, sixty-five years old, owns and Guard—Puryear (Union). drives her $1000 automobile; Mr. Frank Center—Dabney (Hampton). Prewitt, a tenant at Sherrill, has paid his Guard—Dawson (Hampton). $800 debt, $725 on this year's debt, has $500 Tackle—Banks (Hampton). cash, and three bales of cotton worth at End—Green (Howard). least $350; Mr. Files Sanders, a tenant at Quarterback—Harvey (Hampton). Ladds, has paid his $1000 debt, and has a Halfback—Hughes (W. Va. Inst.). surplus of $1500; Mr. Drew Sims, on the Halfback—Dorsey (Hampton). plantation of D. B. Niven, at Tucker, has Fullback—Pinderhughes (Howard). bought for cash a $1250 seven-passenger automobile; Mr. S. B. Adams, a blacksmith SOCIAL PROGRESS and farmer in Grady, recently left town in THE city of Rochester, New York, is his $1250 car. planning to celebrate the one hun­ G Colored policemen attached to the Nine­ dredth anniversary of the birth of Frederick teenth District Station House in Phila­ Douglass, February 15, 1917. delphia, Pennsylvania, won several prizes G Mr. Raymond J. Knox, a colored rail­ and the championship cup awarded the dis­ way postal clerk running between Kansas trict scoring the highest number of points City, Missouri, and Omaha, Nebraska, has at the Policemen's Carnival held at the made his third consecutive 100 per cent ex­ Philadelphia Ball Park, October 21. Their amination of states by routes. score was twenty-two, and that of their G Mr. Benjamin Brawley, Dean and Pro­ nearest rival, ten. fessor of English in Morehouse College, has C The membership of the colored Young in the Sewanee Review, for October, a Women's Christian Association, in Indian­ highly technical article, "English Hymnody apolis, Indiana, has grown from 200 to 850 and Romanticism." Mr. Brawley has had within the past month. 142 THE CRISIS

G The machine gun troop of the Ninth G The Pythians of Tennessee have started (Negro) Cavalry, U. S. A., has set a new a campaign to raise $25,000 for the pur­ record for gun practise. They went into chase of the two-story structure with a action from a gallop in 12 2-5 seconds. Not fifty-five foot frontage on Cedar Street, and only did they do astonishingly rapid work, 120 feet on Fourth Avenue, Nashville, for but they literally shot the line of targets their Pythian Temple. down after scoring 73 hits on 65 per cent of G The Baltimore, Maryland, colored Young the targets, firing 240 rounds in a minute Men's Christian Association has secured and ten seconds, the range being battle property at McCulloh and Dolphin Streets, sight. At another time during the same for their new $100,000 building. series of tests, the troop scored 50 per C The following is the report of the col­ cent of figures hit at 550 yards in thirty ored Carnegie Library at Houston, Texas, seconds' firing, and 96 per cent of figures for the month ending October 31: Visitors hit at 780 yards in one minute of firing. to reading room, 1,011; meetings in build­ C A health association in connection with ing, 32; new borrowers, 18; total number of The St. Luke's Hospital and Training borrowers, 2,527. Fines collected, $7.79. Cir­ School for Negroes, Inc., at Columbia, culation of books, 1,501. South Carolina, has been organized and in­ EDUCATION corporated under the laws of the state. ALMER MEMORIAL INSTITUTE, in C At a meeting of The Missouri State P Sedalia, North Carolina, has celebrated Board of Dental Examiners held in Jeffer­ its fifteenth anniversary. Mrs. Charlotte son City, October 9 to 11, six colored ap­ Hawkins Brown, the founder, has raised a plicants were successful. $15,000 fund for the institution. 0 Mr. Monroe N. Work, of Tuskegee In­ C The late Mrs. Martha H. Andrew, a stitute, has been made a member of The white millionaire, has willed $50,000 each to National Institute of Efficiency, with head­ Tuskegee and Hampton. quarters at Washington, D. C. He was G Dr. Samuel G. Elbert has been appointed nominated for membership by Hamilton to the trustee board of The State College, Holt, of the Independent. near Dover, Delaware, by Governor Miller. C Major William Stewart Robertson, a col­ Although this college is composed of col­ ored man, has been awarded a medal for ored students, Dr. Elbert is the first Negro gallantry. He is a member of the British to hold the position of trustee. Army, and The Royal Highlanders. He is C Professor Frank Trigg, principal of Vir­ now on duty near or around Flanders. ginia Collegiate and Industrial Institute, G Charity Hospital and Training School Lynchburg, who has been engaged in school for Nurses, which was founded by colored work for thirty-five years, has been elected citizens of Savannah, Georgia, twenty-three to succeed Dr. J. E. Wallace, who recently years ago, is asking for $20,000 to build and resigned as president of Bennett College, equip a modern hospital. Mr. P. A. Dene- Greensboro, North Carolina. gall is president. G The Colored High School at Fort Worth, G Dr. and Mrs. Noah Elliott, former slaves, Texas, has been compelled to transfer more over ninety years of age, have contributed than one hundred of her pupils to a build­ $500 to the colored Young Men's Christian ing formerly used by the whites. Association's building in Columbus, Ohio. G Five colored men received their degrees C The white people of Albany, New York, with honor among the fifty-six graduates of have held a meeting to help the colored pop­ Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario. ulation in various ways. They were: Messrs. F. F. Carter, M. B., of C Mr. Charles C. Allison, Jr., former secre­ San Fernando, Trinidad; J. W. T. Case, tary of boys' work with The National M. B., of Georgetown, B. G., who received League on Urban Conditions Among Ne­ the degrees of M. D., and C. M.; O. K. groes, in New York City, was recently made Blackett, of Port of Spain, Trinidad; G. H. secretary of the colored Big Brother move­ Clarke, of Manzanilla, Trinidad, and C. A. ment. Palmer of St. Ann's Bay, Jamaica, received C An infirmary for colored people has been the degree of M. B. opened in Birmingham, Alabama, at 1508 G The Tri-County Institute of Colored Seventh Avenue. Teachers of Wicomico, Somerset and THE HORIZON 143

Worcester Counties, Maryland, held its sec­ hold of the business all the Negro employees ond annual session at Princess Anne, No­ were discharged, despite the fact that they vember 27 to 29. When the registration was belonged to The Milk Wagon Drivers' Union. completed it was found that the 118 teach­ ([ Three hundred and fifty colored men arc- ers of the three counties were present, with being employed at Galesburg, Illinois, by only two exceptions. The C. B. and Q, Railroad Company. The C The purchase of a $3,000 site at Nelson Rev. John Garrison, pastor of The A. M. E. Street and East Vine Avenue, Knoxville, Church, at Galesburg, is interesting him­ Tennessee, for the erection of a library for self in these men and their families and in­ Negroes, has been authorized by the City viting them to the churches so that they Commission. may become acquainted with the citizens, C In December, 1916, Mr. Howard Fisher, and be made welcome to the city. of Sharon Hill, Pennsylvania, will com­ {[ A Negro farmer in Eufala, Alabama, plete his eighteen months' term of office as got $166.32 for a 770-pound bale of cotton president of The Darby Township School and seed, the largest brought to the city Board. He has served for one term of six this year. years and has been re-elected for a similar C Mr. Charles M. Schwab is planning to term. He is the only colored member of the give Negro labor a chance at his steel works board which has under its control three plant near Baltimore, Maryland. schools, one white, one mixed, and one col­ ([ Mr. G. W. Richardson, a Negro, won ored, which are taught by seven white and first prize in the live stock department of four colored teachers. hogs at the Southeast Texas Fair, a white C Plans are under consideration for the concern, but open to all contestants. erection of a §100,000 high school for col­ C The colored undertakers of North Caro­ ored pupils in Richmond, Virginia. lina are promoting a movement to erect a C The public schools of Richmond, Virginia, $40,000 casket factory and embalming school have installed lunch rooms where school in that state, probably at Durham, where children may get wholesome and nutritious colored men and women will be given lucra­ lunches at reasonable prices. The first tive employment. This is a worthy under­ lunch room was established at The George taking, for it is said that nearly one mil­ Mason School, by a colored woman, Miss lion dollars is expended yearly by Negro Theresita B. Chiles, head of the domestic- undertakers to white firms for funeral sup­ science department. plies. Mr. A. L. Garrett is the promoter of C The Board of Trustees of Tuskegee Nor­ the movement. mal and Industrial Institute has unani­ C Fifty Negro men and women of Helena, mously elected Mr. William G. Willcox, pres­ Arkansas, met October 17, and made plans ident of The Board of Education of New for the establishment of a bank in Helena, York City, and a member of the Tuskegee to be capitalized at $25,000. Nearly $5,000 Board of Trustees for ten years, to suc­ of the stock has been subscribed. ceed the late Mr. Seth Low, chairman of the C Thirty-five Negro mechanics are em­ Tuskegee board. ployed at the Holyoke Machinery Plant, in Holyoke, Massachusetts, as machinists, INDUSTRY foundrymen, pattern makers and laborers, A CCORDING to the New York World, at wages ranging from two to four dollars a Negroes have left the South for the day, with a chance for promotion. The fam­ North as follows, since the recent immigra­ ilies of many of these men have also taken tion: From Alabama, 60,000; Tennessee, up residence in Holyoke. 22,000; Florida, 12,000; Georgia, 10,000; C The National Benefit Association, in Virginia, 3,000; North Carolina, 2,000; Washington, D. C, celebrated its eighteenth Kentucky, 3,000; South Carolina, 2,000; anniversary, October 23. The following fig­ Arkansas, 2,000; Mississippi, 2,000. ures are worthy of mention: Claims paid, C Ten thousand Negroes recruited in South $82,000; Real estate, $153,000; Bonds and Africa as a military unit, are doing labor cash, $260,000; Insurance in force, $5,656,- service in Europe. 588. (I Ira J. Mix, the well known milk dealer, in Chicago, Illinois, recently sold out to C Mr. J. W. Andrews, a colored farmer, is Kee and Chapel. When the latter firm took having erected a $10,000 two-story brick 144 THE CRISIS and basement building; near Sherman, Tex­ of a movement to challenge Negroes in as, for colored tenants. He has employed a wholesale lots was the substance of a state­ colored contractor with all colored help. ment purporting to be from him in the St. C Mr. M. Lafayette Dean won the first Louis Republic, November 7, "I believe that prize for a handmade library table at the the throwing out of these 3000 votes will white industrial and agricultural expo­ put St. Louis in the Democratic column." sition held in Fort Smith, Arkansas. G The Lincoln Republican League in Mem­ G The National League on Urban Condi­ phis, Tennessee, R. R. Church, Jr., founder tions among Negroes has sent Mr. James W. and president, scored against The Lily Johnson, contributing editor of the New White Republican Party in an open contest York Age, to investigate the cause of the at the ballot box in the recent election. migration of Negro laborers from the South G East St. Louis, Illinois, did not have a to the North. His main effort is with the Woman's Hughes-Fairbanks Club, as had press. been planned, because some of the white women refused to meet with Negro women. POLITICS G Mr. Lee Beatty, a colored lawyer in Cin­ SENATOR BOISE PENROSE, of Penn­ cinnati, Ohio, was made a representative in sylvania, announces that he will intro­ the Ohio State Legislature by. the recent duce into Congress a bill for federal super­ election. vision of national elections. G The Rev. R. W. Christian, a colored man, G Mr. N. W. Pardon, a colored lawyer of of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, has been ap­ East St. Louis, Illinois, has been appointed pointed special agent for the U. S. Census an assistant state's attorney. His salary Bureau in the collection of Negro religious will be $1200 a year. statistics. G Governor Brumbaugh has announced the appointment of Mr. John W. Parks, a col­ G Major-General R. R. Jackson has been ored attorney in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, re-elected to the Third District of the Chi­ as assistant to the attorney general at a cago, Illinois, State Legislature. salary of $5000 a year. He is the first G Mr. Ebenezer H. Harper, a Negro of Mc­ Negro to hold a position of this kind in Dowell County, West Virgina, has been the State of Pennsylvania. elected to the State Legislature. He re­ C Mr. W. D. Allen, of Portland, Oregon, is ceived 55,000 votes and led his ticket by the first colored man to be elected a county over 1000 votes. Mr. Cazewell Donally, committeeman by the popular vote of the another Negro, was elected Justice of the people in Multnomah County. Peace of Norfolk District, in the same G Before an audience of some of New county. York's most prominent citizens gathered at G Mr. William L. James, after fifteen years' The National Theatre to welcome The service in the transcriber's office at the City Hughes Women's Train, Colonel Theodore Hall, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, has Roosevelt said of the Honorable Charles W. been appointed by Mayor Smith as Inspector Anderson: "Mr. Charles W. Anderson was of Highways at a salary of $1500 a year, the first colored man to be appointed to an and the use of an automobile. office of high honor and responsibility in the C Mr. E. P. Fawlkes, the colored Justice of North. His record was admirable. He the Peace of Newport News Magisterial Dis­ made good. If he had not, I would not trict, Warwick County, Virginia, is to re­ have continued him in the office even if tain his office, despite efforts to have him every colored man in the United States removed. had requested me to do so. But he not only made good, he made a record as high as G Mr. Henry Lucas has filed a suit for any man that ever held that great office, if $10,000 damages against Messrs. Brecken- not indeed a little higher, and having done ridge Long, John J. Kennedy, and Theodore so, I should have continued him in it even if Sandmann, white Democratic leaders, as the every white man in the United States had first of a series of damage suits of Negro asked for his removal. It is worth, not voters who were intimidated, arrested, or birth, that should count, wholly regardless otherwise interfered with at the recent elec­ of the nationality, creed or color of the tion in St. Louis, Missouri. That Mr. Long, man." president of The Wilson Club, was the head THE HORIZON 145

PERSONAL railway mail clerk for ten years. rT"'HE following marriages are announced: (L Mr. Daniel H. Murray, Jr., of Washing­ * Dr. Loring B. Palmer, of Atlanta, ton, D. C., died November 22. He was a Georgia, to Miss Rose E. Harris, head violinist of considerable merit and the com­ nurse of the Pairhaven Infirmary, Atlanta; poser of many songs and arrangements for Mr. W. A. Joiner, head of the C. N. & I. De­ the violin. partment, Wilberforee University, to Miss C The late Mr. Samuel Carter, an illiterate Ada Roundtree, instructor of nurse train­ Negro, in Louisville, Kentucky, has left an ing at Wilberforee. estate of $10,000. More than a half century ago he began to buy property. The bene­ C We regret to learn that our note con­ ficiary is Miss Frances Virgina Owens, a cerning Mr. Harry Simmons, of Butte, Mon­ teacher in The Western Colored School. He tana, in a recent number of THE CRISIS, was had never married and had no immediate untrue in its essential particulars. relatives. C Judge and Mrs. Robert H. Terrell cele­ brated the silver anniversary of their mar­ C Mr. James Henry Townsend, a Boston riage, October 28, at their home in Washing­ colored man, has been buried with full mil­ ton, D. C. The family and a host of friends itary honors in Arlington Cemetery, Wash­ were present. ington, D. C, for his heroic act in remaining at his post in the nreroom of the armored C Mrs. Booker T. Washington, after four cruiser Memphis when she was blown ashore years' time, has received $5,000 left her by at Santo Domingo. Mayor Curley has said: the late Mrs. Elizabeth Russell, a white "When congress convenes in the winter I woman of Minneapolis, Minnesota, through shall see that a special bill is presented at Lawyer W. T. Francis, of St. Paul. Washington in behalf of Mrs. Townsend, C Captain William M. Watson, mayor of who is left absolutely without means of sup­ Grayson, Oklahoma, a thriving Negro town, port." and Justice of the Peace for nine years, is dead. Last September the late Captain C The Honorable George H. Mayes, a vet­ Watson and his wife celebrated the fiftieth eran letter carrier in Jacksonville, Fla., has anniversary of their marriage. recently resigned his position after thirty C The late Miss Martha R. Cohen, a colored years' service. The postmaster expressed washerwoman, who died in Passaic, New deep regret at having him leave. At one Jersey, recently, at the age of eighty-two, time he was superintendent of carriers, and has left an estate of $25,000. Five thousand had served on the local Civil Service Exam- dollars has been willed to clear the indebted­ ing Board. ness of Bethel Church, which she helped to CHURCH organize more than forty years ago; the rest rpHE REV. DR. GEORGE F. BRAGG is to be divided among relatives and friends. has celebrated his twenty-fifth anni­ C Mr. W. H. Judd Malvin died in Washing­ versary as rector of St. James Protestant ton, D. C, October 28. He had served for Episcopal Church, Baltimore, Maryland. forty years as messenger in the Supreme C The Albemarle Conference of The A. M. Court and in the Adjutant General's office of E. Zion Church, held in Edenton, North the War Department. Carolina, approved the plan of The Fed­ C. Dr. Henry T. Noel, the first Negro phy­ erated Churches of Methodism in America sician to be established in Nashville, Ten­ for the separation of races in the church. nessee, is dead. For thirty-six years he had It is said that the federated churches are served as a member of the Meharry Medi­ working for two great quadrennial bodies of cal School faculty. white and colored Methodists. C Miss Maria L. Jordan, for forty-two C On October 30, the mortgage of The years a teacher in the colored schools of Mount Zion Baptist Church of Germantown, Washington, D. C, died in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was burned. The church is Pennsylvania, November 29. worth $80,000, which has been entirely paid C Mr. Edmund Crogman, eldest son of Pro­ in twenty-six years. It has had only one fessor and Mrs. Crogman of Clark Uni­ pastor, the Rev. Morton Winston. More versity, Atlanta, Georgia, and brother of than 250 of his members have become prop­ Mrs. R. R. Wright, Jr., is dead as the result erty owners during this period. of an automobile accident. He had been a C The Rev. C. R. Eucles, S. S. J., the first 146 THE CRISIS

Negro to be ordained a Catholic priest in the spoke on "Some Interesting Conditions Seen United States, will observe shortly in Balti­ in the Eye of the Negro." more, Maryland, the twenty-fifth anniver­ C The coming Tuskegee Negro Conference, sary of his ordination. January 17 and 18, 1917, will be devoted C The Zion Baptist Church, Denver, Colo­ mainly to the discussion of Negro health. rado, started a week's celebration, Novem­ National Negro Health Week will be con­ ber 19, in honor of its semi-centennial an­ served April 22 to 28, 1917. niversary. It is the oldest Negro church C Dr. Paul M. Pearson, of Swarthmore west of the Missouri River. College, spoke on "The Colored Man, the d The Fifteenth Street Presbyterian Future of His Race in Light of the Past," Church, Washington, D. C, celebrated its at a meeting of The Young Friends' Asso­ seventy-fifth anniversary with a three-days' ciation in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. He session beginning November 19. The anni­ said: "The history of the Negro is that of versary sermon was delivered by the pastor, Amei-icanism and Africanism; he wanted to the Rev. Francis J. Grimke. be both without being spat upon." C Negro citizens in Richmond, Virginia, MEETINGS have organized a local chapter of The Na­ tional Sociological Society to co-operate with HE full list of officers elected at the Na­ the white local branch of the society. The T tional Medical Association's session Rev. W. H. Stokes, Ph. D., has been elected last August is as follows: President, D. W. Bryd, Norfolk, Virginia; Vice-Presidents, president. Dr. J. C. Johnson, Birmingham, Alabama, GHETTO and Dr. A. C. Wallace, Okmulgee, Okla­ R. OMA HOUGHTON, a white South­ homa; General Secretary, Dr. W. G. Alex­ M erner, in Boston, has been placed under ander, Orange, New Jersey; Chairman of a 5300 bond for insulting two young colored the Executive Board, Dr. G. E. Cannon, women. He remarked: "Why down South Jersey City, New Jersey; Editor of the where I came from they'd have saken hands Journal, Dr. C. V. Roman, Nashville, Ten­ with me for that"—which was a lie. nessee; Associate Editor, Dr. F. F. Bishop, (I Will Rush, a white man, has been sen­ Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. tenced to life imprisonment, in Oklahoma, (I A Conference of Employed and Volunteer for the killing of Charlie Reynolds, a Negro. Workers Among Colored Women was held This is the first life sentence ever imposed in Richmond, Virginia, December 6 to 10, for a Negro's death in eastern Oklahoma. under the direction of The National Board (I Two Negro women in New York City of Young Women's Christian Associations of have received $100 each in a discrimination The United States of America. Miss Eva case enacted July 9, 1916, against The New Bowles, of The National Board, was the York Restaurant, at Coney Island. Mr. speaker at the opening meeting. Robert P. Lattimore was their attorney. C The Charity Club, the leading Negro (I "Jim Crow" seats in the city court room women's organization in Pittsburgh, Penn­ at Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, is the latest sylvania, held a tea November 9, at which step in segregation, according to signs in the more than three hundred persons were pres­ court room. ent. The object of the gathering was to C Edward Hall, a third alleged partici­ forward a movement for the co-ordination pant in the attempted lynching of Charles and co-operation in racial uplift work among Daniels, a colored man, at Lima, Ohio, Au­ the organizations of Negro women in Pitts­ gust 30, and of the rioters who attacked the burgh. Mrs. George H. Wilson is presi­ sheriff, Sherman Ely, when he refused to dent of the movement. tell where he had hidden his prisoner, has C The fifth annual meeting of The Na­ been placed on trial. tional League on Urban Conditions Among C Justice Shannon of Sawtelle, has granted Negroes was held December 6 at its head­ a judgment of fifty dollars and costs to Mrs. quarters in New York City. Columbus, a Negro woman, who brought suit C The tenth anniversary of The Southern for discrimination against The La Petite Medical Association was held in Atlanta, Theatre Company, in Los Angeles, Cali­ Georgia, November 13 to 17. Dr. E. W. fornia. Attorney E. Burton Ceruti repre­ Carpenter, of Greenville, South Carolina, sented her. THE HORIZON 147

C Mr. J. H. Fay, a Negro, who was beaten have engaged counsel to oppose the action with a strap with tacks in it by a mob at as against the educational and state law. Keo, Lonoke County, Arkansas, July, 1915, G Fifteen hundred colored tenants of Har­ has been given a verdict of $1,000. lem, N. Y., met and protested against the high rents charged them. The trouble arose C A discrimination suit against The Eagle through the substitution of Negroes for Restaurant Company, Chinese, in Boston, white tenants on 143d Street, because the Massachusetts, has been decided by Judge colored tenants paid higher rents. Not­ Sullivan in favor of the five Negro plain­ withstanding the protest 6 houses have been tiffs, awarding them twenty-five dollars filled with colored tenants. each. 0 The postmaster of Akron, O., refused to C Many of the stores in Louisville, Ken­ appoint a colored man, J. R. Johnson, to a tucky, discriminate against Negroes to the clerkship, although Johnson successfully extent that colored women cannot get a glass passed two examinations, and stood among of water, but Crutcher and Starks, men's the highest on the lists. Johnson is a grad­ clothiers, at Fourth and Jefferson Streets, uate of the University of Worcester. recently outdid them all by advertising a selling proposition to "white parents" only (From the Columbia, S. C, State.) in the Sunday Herald. ABBEVILLE MEN UNDER ARREST C A petition to initiate "an ordinance pro­ viding for limited segregation of the black Charged of Lynching Negro and Rioting Hold Hearing Today and white races" is being circulated through­ out Denver, Colorado. The Denver Prop­ Preliminary Before Magistrate Hammond erty Owners' Protective League is back of Scheduled for Noon. Nineteen War­ the movement. rants Served. C Dr. James E. White, while going from St. Louis, Missouri, to Memphis, Tennessee, Special to the State. over the St. L. I. M. and S. Road, as a ABBEVILLE, Dec. 4.—Sheriff Burts and Pullman car passenger, was forcibly ejected Deputy Sheriff J. E. Jones began serving and received injuries that confined him to warrants today on the parties charged with lynching Anthony Crawford, a well-to-do the hospital for several days and robbed Negro, on October 21, and rioting on the of his personal property. He has brought streets of Abbeville Monday following the suit and Attorney Booth is to represent him. lynching. Ten arrests were made in the lynching case and nine in the riot charge. C A street car in Savannah, Georgia, The preliminary hearing will be before caught fire in front, due to a blow-out. Only Magistrate Hammond at noon on Tuesday. the passengers in the front of the car were Solicitor R. A. Cooper will be here to rep­ affected, and three white women were killed. resent the State. Hence, the transfer of the Jim Crow sec­ Ten men are charged with participation in the lynching as follows: Jeff Cann, tion from the rear to the front of the cars. Sam Cann, Lester Cann, Will Cann, Burt C Judge Henry E. McGinn, of the Circuit Ferguson, J. S. Banks, Eugene Nance, Sam Court in Portland, Oregon, has decided Adams, J. V. Elgin, and George White, Jr. Nine are charged with rioting: Sam against the swimming of white and colored Cann, Jeff Cann, Lester Cann, Will Cann, people together in the public school tanks. Burt Ferguson, Sam Adams, J. A. Brock, G The Birth of a Nation has been barred W. D. Bell, and Irwin Ferguson. J. A. from Evanston, Illinois. Brock, W. D. Bell, and Irwin Ferguson waived a preliminary hearing and were re­ C A mob of over one hundred white citi­ leased by Magistrate Hammond under bond zens in Jackson, Tennessee, started toward of $200. the home of Walter Elkins, a Negro, to C. The following lynchings have taken place lynch him for having struck a white fellow since our last record: workman over the head with an iron bar, At Bay City, Texas, November 5, Joe at the Illinois Central shops. Negro citi­ Johnson—hanged. He was accused of kill­ zens armed themselves and went to the ing a white man. home of Elkins. The mob has not yet ar­ At Melville, Louisiana, November 16, rived. James Grant—hanged for alleged murder. C The school board at Downingtown, West At Clarksville, Texas, November 29, Buck Chester, Pennsylvania, is making an at­ Thomas—hanged for alleged assault on a tempt at segregation. The colored citizens man and his wife. 148 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

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Home and Main Office. 6-10 N. West St.. Indianapolis, Ind. 150 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

BOOKS BY COLORED AUTHORS Nearly a quarter of a century has passed since the Neale house was founded. Hundreds of its publications are in active circulation. None of these are more vitally important to the American people than those that relate to racial problems. They comprise a library in themselves. Limitations of space enable us to announce here but a few of these books by prominent colored authors.

Race Adjustment: Essays on the Negro in Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors. By America. By Kelly Miller, colored; Dean J. N. Leger, colored; formerly Minister of the College of Arts and Sciences and Pro­ from Haiti to the United States. Illus­ fessor of Mathematics, Howard University. trated. Two editions: one in English and Third thousand. $2.15 by mail. the other in French. Each edition $3.20 Chicago News: "The book is written with great by mail. ability, in English quite free from fault, and its logic The Nation, New York: "Haiti, at last, has a is fairly inexorable." champion who is entitled to be heard; for he speaks New York Evening Post: "As admirable for its from fullness of knowledge, and from a position of calmness and good temper as for its thoroughness political eminence sends forth no uncertain sound. and skill." It is not too much to say that the latest book on Haiti is also the best that has ever appeared respect­ Out of the House of Bondage. By Kelly ing the so-called 'Black Republic' Minister Leger has struck a new note, for, unlike others who have Miller, colored; Dean of the College of Arts written on the subject, he places himself against a and Sciences, Howard University. $1.65 by veritable wall of facts, and not only wards off the mail. blows that are aimed at his country, but takes the Boston Transcript: "Written in a clear and de­ aggressive against her critics." cisive style, with a comprehensive and convincing command of the subject. He neither denounces nor The New Negro; His Political, Civil, and condemns; he analyzes and constructs possibilities Mental Status. By William Pickens, Lit. upon the fundamental basis of human nature. No D., colored; Dean of Morgan College, Bal­ man of his race has so sure a power of pruning the fallacies with passionless intellectual severity from timore. Dr. Pickens was graduated from the pernicious arguments of the prejudiced dema­ Yale in the highest grade of his class and gogues." won the Phi Beta Kappa Key and the Ten Eyck Oration. Although a young man, he The Facts of Reconstruction. By John R. has won distinction as a scholar; he is Lynch, colored; formerly Member of Con­ among the foremost men of his race. $1.60 gress; later Fourth Auditor of the Treasury; by mail. at present Major in United States Army. Fourth thousand. $1.65 by mail. Negro Culture in West Africa. By George Chicago Tribune: "This book is perhaps the most W. Ellis, K. C, F. R. G. S., colored; re­ important contribution which has been made by any cently, and for eight years, Secretary of political writer during recent years to the political the United States Legation in Liberia; literature of the reconstruction era." author of "Liberia in the Political Psychol­ The Key; or, a Tangible Solution of the ogy of West Africa," "Islam as a Factor Negro Problem. By James S. Stemons, in West African Culture," "Dynamic Fac­ colored; Field Secretary of the Joint Or­ tors in the Liberian Situation," and other ganization of the Association for Equalizing works. Profusely illustrated. $2.15 by Industrial Opportunities and the League of mail. Civic and Political Reform. Mr. Stemons Chicago Tribune: "It is the third consecutive con­ tribution made by a noted man to our knowledge contends that industrial opportunity, rather of conditions and peoples in West Africa." than industrial education, is the basic need Albany Times-Union : "It is easily one of the most of the Negro. He presents his arguments important contributions ever made to the literature in vigorous English of extraordinary of the Negro race." New York Crisis: "This history ought to be in purity, and the book may easily be classed every American's library." with the foremost literature of the Negro The Black Man's Burden. By William H. race. $1.00 by mail. Holtzclaw, colored; Principal of the Utica Racial Adjustments in the Methodist Epis­ Normal and Industrial Institute for the copal Church. By John H. Reed, D. D., Training of Colored Young Men and Young K. C, colored; with an introduction by Adna Women, Utica, Mississippi. With an intro­ B. Leonard, D. D., LL. D. $1.60 by mail duction by the late Booker T. Washington. Philadelphia Christian Recorder: "The book is Illustrated. Third thousand. $1.60 by mail. filled with splendid idealism, and in spite of its New Orleans Times-Picayune: "It is an interest­ somewhat verbose character, presents a fine argu­ ing study of Negro achievement and should be an ment, which in this day of compromise for the present inspiration to the young men and the young women exigencies may not be heeded." of the race." Prof. Wm. E. Chancellor, Ph. D., the eminent historian and educator, writes: "The Neale Publishing Company to-day represents high-water mark in America for its historical works. Upon its list are to be found the best books upon each and every side of the com­ mon issues of our public life. Such is the authority of the list considered as an entirety as to lend luster to each separate title, creating a presumption in its favor." Order through THE NEALE PUBLISHING CO., W^Tor THE CRISIS, S"

Mention THE CRISIS THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 151 <3fie Authorized Biography of BOOKER T. WASHINGTON

Builder of a Civilization By EMMETT J. SCOTT JOT 18 Years Secretary to Booker T. Washington and LYMAN BEECHER STOWE Preface by Theodore Roosevelt The dramatic accurate story of one who rose from slave boy to be the recognized leader of his race and to take his place for all time among America's great ITiCi'l. A trenchant and graphic picture of the man himself as known by those nearest him; of his contributions to education, his position on the rights of the Negro and race prejudice, etc. The serious matter is relieved by many of the in­ imitable stories for which Washington was noted. This book furnishes a sequel to "Up from Slavery. Illustrated, Net $2.00 For sale at all book stores and at THE CRISIS, 70 Fifth Ave., New York DOUBLEDAY, PAGE & CO. Garden City N. Y.

GIVE BOOKS 1000 ONE THOUSAND DOLLARS SAVED 1000 SPECIAL BOOK BARGAINS Masterpieces of Negro Eloquence..$1.50 postpaid Race Relationship in the South, set, Life and Times of Frederick Doug­ 7 vols ". $5,00 postpaid lass 2.50 N. B. Catalogue of new rare hooks, The Black Phalanx 3.00 pertaining to the colored race. YOUNG'S BOOK EXCHANGE 135 West 135th Street. New York City

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Mention THE CRISIS. 152 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

EVERYTHING CONCERNING THE NEGRO RACE fafBBBBBBMBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBBMMBtMBBBMMMMBBBBBtBBBBBBmBBtBBBBBBBBBBBBBBB

The Champion Magazine EDITED BY FENTON JOHNSON CONTAINS ARTICLES BY THE LEADING WRITERS OF THE RACE. A REVIEW OF CURRENT NEWS EVENTS AND MOVEMENTS AMONG NEGROES. A REVIEW OF LEADING EDITORIALS CONCERNING THE NEGRO. A PICTORIAL REVIEW OF RECENT RACE EVENTS IN LETOGRAVURE. A REVIEW OF STAGE, MUSIC AND ATHLETICS BY LEADING AUTHORITIES. DRAWINGS AND SKETCHES BY TALENTED COLORED ARTISTS. COMMENTS: "Should play an important part in encouraging the Negro and educating the white-"— Chicago Evening Post. "THE CHAMPION MAGAZINE is neatly gotter up and its several departments are not only appropriate, but well arranged for the convenience of the reader. W't like the modesty of your claims and the sincerity of your purpose as expressed in your opening editorial and we hope your efforts art going to be rewarded with every success possible." —Principal R. R. Moton, Tuskegee, Ala. "I congratulate you most heartily on the text and appearance of THE CHAMPION MAGAZINE and wish it. as you must know, the success it deserves."— William Stanley Braithwaite. Issued Monthly Forty-eight to Sixty-four Pages, Illustrated ON SALE EVERYWHERE! AGENTS WANTED EVERYWHERE! Ten Cents per Copy One Dollar a Year OFFICES: 4724 South State Street Chicago, Illinois

University Literary Bureau The Journal of Manuscript Criticized Negro History and Revised Poems, Short Stories, Novels, Scenarios, Published Quarterly Magazine and Press Articles, Sermons and 100 Pages Addresses. Advice on Publication Edited by CARTER G. WOODSON Correspondence Solicited Strictly Confidential THE JOURNAL OF XEGRO HISTORY is Montgomery Gregory Alain Leroy Lock the official organ of the Association for the Study of Negro Life and History, which is ADDRESS: Box 102, Howard University, now trying; not to promote an isolated re­ Washington, D. C. search into the history of the black race but to show how civilization lias been influenced by contact with the people of color. This WANTED publication aims to popularize the movement to save and make available the scattered his­ Agents for THE CRISIS, Dignified work torical materials bearing on the Negro. In 70 Fifth Avenue, New York it appear scholarly articles and valuable docu­ ments giving; information generally unknown. It is concerned with facts, not with opinions.

Subscription price, $1.00 per year. Foreign subscriptions, 25 cents extra. Single num­ Good Buggies bers, 25 cents; 30 cents by mail. at

Checks should be made pavable to T11E Low Prices for Cash JOURNAL OF NEGRO HISTORY and addressed to Write for Catalog

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Mention THE CB THE CRISIS ADVERTISER 153 // It Is For Your Lodge WE HAVE IT!

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Mention THE QJISIS 154 THE CRISIS ADVERTISER

Telephone 5277 Morningside Atlanta University DR..GERTRUDE E. CURTIS SURGEON DENTIST Studies of the 188 W. lttth Street New York City

TelephonesT.UUn...: /Centra| l , 104-W Negro Problems Majn fi HARRY E. DAVIS 19 Monograph* Sold Separately Attorney-at-Law Notary Puilic Address 1607 Williamson Building Cleveland, Ohl»

ATLANTA UNIVERSITY CONFERENCE Office L. D. Telephone 3297 Market Residence L. D. Telephone 5277-M Market ATLANTA UNIVERSITY u ATLANTA. GA. GEORGE A. DOUGLAS Counsellor-at-Law Rooms 613-614, Metropolitan Building The Curse of Race Prejudice 113 Market St., Cor. Washington, Newark, N. J. By James F. Morton, Jr., A. M. General Practice Notary Public An aggressive exposure by an Anglo-Saxon cham­ WILLIAM R. MORRIS pion of equal rights. Startling facts and crushing Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law arguments. Fascinating reading. A necessity for 1020 Metropolitan Life Building clear understanding and up-to-date propaganda. Be­ Minneapolis Minn. longs in the library of every friend of social justice. Price 25 cents. Send order to BROWN S. SMITH Actorney-at-Law JAMES F. MORTON, JR. Offices: Suite 802 Sykea Block Near Third and Hennepin 211 West 138th Street •:• New York, N. Y. Minneapolis If bin.

TeL BirTfrt Hiir Cable Addreu, Epben "GLEANINGS FROM DIXIE-LAND" EDGAR P. BENJAMIN Ten poems by Attorney and Counsellor-at-Law £fpie T. Battle, A.M. 34 School Street Boston, Mass "Mrs. Battle has an individual gift of melody." —Springfield Republican. Telephone Connection *'You owe it to your race to publish your poems in W. Aihbie Hawkins George W. F. McMechen book form."—Editor. Southwestern Christian Advo­ cate. HAWKINS & McMECHEN ATTORN eys-AT-Law "Verses are smooth, graceful, high-minded and clear, 21 East Saratoga Street Baltimore, Md. reverent to all truth, appreciative of all beauty and true inspiration."—George W. Cable. Telephone Central 3087 PRICE 25 CENTS. Address: Okolona Industrial School, Okolona, Miss. HARRY M. COOPER Druggists' Specialties Chemicals, Drugs and Pharmaceuticals $25.00 PER WEEK Write for Quotations (nay be made in commissions by parties handling Room 612, 58 W. Washington St. CHICAGO, ILL. "History of Negro Soldiers in Spanish-American War" combined with "History of the Negro Race." SPLENDID OPPORTUNITY FOR A DENTIST 400 pages, 50 illustrations. Price $1.25 net. desiring to locate in Philadelphia, Pa. For Address: E. A. JOHNSON particulars address Frank Dawson, 1020 Chest­ 154 Nassau Street NEW YORK nut Street.

a good town where a col­ WHO KNOWS ored business would be ap­ preciated? Have money and services for the right The Truth About the Bible" town. Correspondence invited. Address: J. L. T., This book deals with the sex of the Bible. "It care THE CRTSTS. 70 Fifth Avenue. New York. N. Y. will empty our jails, insane asylums and hospitals in time; it should be in every home in the world." —J. H. Powell, M. D. "For ideas, it is the world's Big Entertainer greatest book."—J. Silas Harris, A. M. "It is 120 Poirlor Games. 5 Comic Recitations, the world's most revolutionary book; it means a 15 Tricks with Cards. 187 Jokes, Riddles and Funny Readings. 73 Toasts. 3 Mono- better race."—W. A. Swan, M. D. Read this loenes, 50 Money Making Recipes.* All book. Price $2,#0. Address the Author, Sidney -> for 10 Cents* 3 for 20 Cents. Postpaid. C. Tapp, Ph.B., 601 Delaware St.. Kansas City. Mo. DORN, 709 S. Dearborn St.. Dept. 75. Chicago. 11.

Crura:*?*! CiallJti^ Cayiisf AGENTS WANTED! POPULAR STYLES FOR LADIES OR GENTLEMEN. For our new book. Progress and Achieve­ 100 FOR 50 CENTS OR 50 FOR 30 CENTS, NO ments of the Colored People. Showing the EXTRA CHARGE FOR ADDRESS. ALL ORDERS wonderful doings and new opportunities of FILLED PROMPTLY. ATTRACTIVE PROPOSITION our race, low price, many pictures, lightning FOR AGENTS. WRITE FOR SAMPLES AND TERMS seller, $10.00 per day. Ask for terms. Write quick. . AUSTIN JENKINS CO., THE HOUSE OF CHOWNING 7th St., Washington, D. C. INDIANAPOLIS. INDIANA

Mention THE CRISIS A New Book by Dr. Du Bois THE NEGRO By W. E. BURGHARDT DU BOIS, author of "Souls of Black Folk," "Quest of the Silver Fleece," "Select Bibliography of the Negro American," etc. This is the authentic romance of the black man. It is a history of him at once scholarly, earnest and eloquent. He is considered from the earliest times, and the thread of his fas­ cinating story is followed in Africa, America, and wherever else it has appeared. To look at the Negro against the back­ ground of his history is to see him in a light fairer than that in which most Americans have seen him.

256 Pages—3 Maps—Cloth Bound At the low price of 50 cents net—By mail 56 cents

Dr. Du Bois's new book is the latest addition to a remarkable series of low-priced new books with which everybody should be­ come acquainted.

THE HOME UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 9 4 volume* now ready Published by HENRY HOLT & COMPANY, 34 West 33d Street, New York Is made up of new books by leading authorities. The editors are Professors GILBERT MURRAY, H. A. L. FISHER, W. T. BREWSTER and J. ARTHUR THOMSON.

Cloth bound, good paper, clear type, 256 pages per Cf"L^» 4- volume. Each complete and sold separately - - OvfC. Tl6l Postage extra "A growing wonder of enterprise and sound judgment. Each volume, entirely new, is furnished by an acknowledged expert; is brief enough and plain enough to be readable or even fascinating, scientific enough to be a condensed authority —and at the nominal price of 50 cents."—Hartford Courant.

SOME SELECTED EARLIER VOLUMES: EVOLUTION By J. A. Thomson LATIN AMERICA By W. R. Shepherd THE FRENCH REVOLUTION VICTORIAN LITERATURE By Hilaire Belloc By G. K. Chesterton ROME By W. Warde Fowler GERMANY OF TODAY PROBLEMS OF PHILOSOPHY By Charles Tower By Bertrand Russell EURIPIDES AND HIS AGE NAPOLEON By H. A. L. Fisher By Gilbert Murray THE CIVIL WAR By F. L. Paxson UNEMPLOYMENT By A. C. Pigou Order through the publishers or through The CRISIS, 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

Mention THE CRISIS Che CRISIS Book mart You can order through the CRISIS any book printed at the regular publisher's price.

"The true University of these days is a collection of books."—Carlyle. }\ Selected List of Books

These prices do not include postage. Postage extra.

NATIVE LIFE IN SOUTH AFRICA. (Sol. J. Plaatje) $1.50 HAZEL. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF AN EX-COLORED MAN. (Anonymous) . 1.20 NORRIS WRIGHT CUNEY. (Maud Cuney Hare) 1.50 A NARRATIVE OF THE NEGRO. (Leila Amos Pendleton) 1.50 SOULS OF ELACK FOLK. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 1.25 THE WHITE MAN'S BURDEN. (T. Shirby Hodge) 1.00 RACE ADJUSTMENT. (Kelly Miller) 2.00 HISTORY OF THE NEGRO. (B. G. Brawley) 1.25 HALF A MAN. (Mary White Ovington) 1.00 AFTERMATH OF SLAVERY. (William Sinclair) 1.50 JOHN BROWN. (W. E. B. DU Bois) 1.25 NEGRO IN AMERICAN HISTORY. (J. W. Cromwell) 1.25 PRINCE HALL AND HIS FOLLOWERS. (George W. Crawford) .. . 1.00 NEGRO CULTURE IN WEST AFRICA. (George W. Ellis) 2.00 THE NEGRO. (W. E. B. Du Bois) 50 THE EDUCATION OF THE NEGRO PRIOR TO 1861. (Carter G. Woodson) 2.00 FACTS OF RECONSTRUCTION. (John R. Lynch) 1.50 LIFE AND LETTERS OF COLERIDGE-TAYLOR. (W. C. Berwick- Sayers) 2.25 MASTERPIECES OF NEGRO ELOQUENCE. (Alice Moore Dunbar, Editor) 2.50 POEMS OF PAUL LAURENCE DUNBAR 2.00 AFRO-AMERICAN FOLKSONGS. (H. E. Krehbiel) 2.00 OUT OF THE HOUSE OF BONDAGE. (Kelly Miller) 1.50 BOOKER T. WASHINGTON. (Emmett J. Scott and Lyman Beecher Stowe) 2.00

Address, THE CRISIS, : : : : : 70 Fifth Avenue, New York

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