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Excavations at the Roman Fortlet on the Antonine Wall at Watling Lodge, 1972-4 by Davi Breezdj E

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Excavations at the Roman Fortlet on the Antonine Wall at Watling Lodge, 1972-4 by Davi Breezdj E Excavations at the Roman fortlet on the Antonine Wall at Watling Lodge, 1972-4 by Davi BreezdJ e SUMMARY Excavations between 1972 and 1974 at the fortlet at Watling Lodge discovered in 1894 located the single ditch surroundin site established gth ean d tha fortlee th t t measured abouy b S tt 15-N- 5m 18-5 m E-W internally. The ditch had silted naturally and no evidence was found to suggest that the defences had been slighted when the fortlet was abandoned. Finds were too few to establish the date of abandonmen sitee th .f o t INTRODUCTION e fortleTh t Watlina t g e AntoninLodgth n o e e Wall lies half-way betwee e fortnth f o s Falkir Rougd kan h Castle astrid roae eth d branching leadin d ofMilitare an fth y g ythrougWa h the Wall to Camelon and forts further north (NGR NS 862797). It was discovered in 1894 when garde e house th th f eno Watling Lodg beins ewa g laid out. Mungo Buchanan visitea site d deth an includes excavation e repore wa th th t i n not n o di n t o e t Cameloa s n publishe yeard6 s later (Christison 1901, 337). The essential part of the report reads: 'Mr Buchanan observed that the whole area consiste masa f f tumbleo do s d stones, with scattered heap f brokeo s n browd nan grayis whitisr ho h pottery ease tTh . boundesids ewa stona y db e bottoming, exactly lik pavine eth g unde Vallume rth , whic directln hra y south fro Vallue mth abour m feetthe0 d fo 10 an ,nt westward, where it was soon broken up; there could hardly be a doubt that it ended on the west, as it begun easte th ,n formino grectanglea whicf o , nortVallue e hth th hs mside wa tha d Buchanar ,an M t n had added another Wall-Fort, or Castellum, to those already known.' This note was elaborated by Sir George Macdonald in The Roman Wall in Scotland (1934, 343-7): 'the stone foundation of the rampart seemed to stop short on either side of the opening, and that similarly the ends of the Ditch on either side of the roadway appeared to taper gradually and naturally to the level.... A little distance to the east of the outlet of the road, the workmen laid bare 100 feet of stonework, about 15 feet broad, very like the base of the Rampart. At first it ran due south at right angles to Limese th . Subsequentl t benyi t westwards, continuin thagn i t direction, still perfect feet0 4 r . fo , Thereafte t prove i rmuce b o hdt disturbedd broke an course p th nu f operationn I eo . s great quantities of very coarse pottery, of a light grey colour, were found among the debris, but Mr Buchana samian.o n w sa n ' Macdonald also include dsketca h plaphotograpd nan site th e f o h (fig 51 and pi 53, 1). No plan appeared in the Camelon report and Mungo Buchanan apparently drew the sketch at Macdonald's request for inclusion in The Roman Wall in Scotland (1934, 345, nl). f onlo ye fortlee threon Th s i te thae knowe betweear tli o nt n paire th f forto sn o s Antonine Wall; a fourth fortlet is known to have preceded the fort at Duntocher (Robertson tn Nen i o CA O I> i KIRKINTILLOCH GLASGOW BRIDGE CADDER r WILDERNESS PLANTATION E ANTONINTH E WALL BALMUILDY I KILOMETRES i FlGl mo 16 | 8PROCEEDING THF SO E SOCIETY, 1972-4 1957, 16-33) and it has been suggested that a fifth may lie immediately E of the fort at Rough Castle (RCAMS 1963, 100). The other two 'interval fortlets' are at Glasgow Bridge between Kirkintilloch and Cadder (St Joseph 1955, 86) and at Wilderness Plantation between Cadder and Balmuildy (Wilkes 1973, t clea51-65)no s ri whethet .I r these fortlet parcomplete a f sar o t e series along the Wall, one falling between each pair of forts or whether they are only found at certain points purpose fortlee On . th f t Watlinea o t g Lodg undoubtedls ewa guaro yt roae dth d passing through the Wall, but it has been suggested that all three interval fortlets were specially placed to break up unusually long distances between certain forts (Robertson 1957, 29). The following table demonstrates that the known fortlets fall into three of the six longest gaps between forts on the Wall and, if that is indeed their function, it might be expected that others will be found. The distance e convertear s d from thos Macdonaln ei d (1934, 342) wit e morhth e recent wort ka Kinneil taken into account (Steer 1961, 323-4). 4,418 m Balmuild y- Bearsde n 4,41 Falkir0m k- Roug h Castle Watling Lodge fortlet 3,87 Kirkintilloc1m h- Cadde r Glasgow Bridge fortlet 3,77 Duntoche2m Kilpatricd Ol r- k 3,72 Cadde6m r- Balmuild y Wilderness Plantation fortlet 3,59 Inveravo6m n- Mumrill s areaso tw n ,I between Inveravo Mumrilld nan s (Steer 1961, 322-3 betweed )an n Balmuildd yan Bearsden (Robertson 1973, 30), attempts have been mad finputativo e t dth e fortlet t withousbu t success, possibly because Stees ,a r remarks (1961, 323) searce th wron,made s th h wa n ei g place. The lac succesf ko s doe invalidatt sno basie eth c argument tha three tth e known interval fortlets- and other foune b t s d - werwhicye y e hisolatema d phenomena designe proteco dt t certain weak points on the line of the Wall or, as at Watling Lodge, to undertake specific functions. However, GillaP J recentls r mha M y suggested that these sites were parseriea f o fortletf t so s alone gth whole length of the Antonine Wall with, in the first plan for the Wall, six forts at six to eight mile intervals and fortlets at every 'mile or so in between and that later some of these fortlets were replace y fortdb s (Breez d Dobsoan e n 1974, 324-5) e discoverTh . a 'primary f o y ' fortlet a t Wilderness Plantation betwee 'secondarye nth ' for t 'primaryCaddee a t th d ran ' for t Balmuilda t y somd an e replacemen e seveth nW milee 'primarya th f o so tt sam'e fortle th for a e n y o sitt b tt ea Duntocher lends powerful suppor Gillam'o t t s hypothesis t morbu , e fortlets foune neeb o dt before the theory can carry absolute conviction. fortlee Th t Watlina t g Lodg fro m presume e m7 eth lie37 , s2 fore d t Falkir th sita t f eo d kan 2,03 fro3m m tha t Rouga t h Castl risa en e o wit h clear viewl directionsal n sfortlei e th e t th tA . line of the Antonine Wall changes direction slightly. Trenching by Mr I Maclvor on the line of rampare th Watlinf o E t g Lodg Octoben ei r 196 advancn 1i housina f eo g developmen priod an t r to Crown acquisition of the land established the line of the rampart hereabouts and this, together wit confirmatioe hth positioe presenfortlee e th rampare th th f th no f n f o i tno t excavationsW t , confirm's Roy's observations (1793 tha ) ,chang e p29 ith t directiof eo n takes place immediatelyE fortlee th f o t (Roy, however, make mentioo sn fortlet)e th f no . Trenchin fortlee th f 196n o i t gE 1 and in 1973 failed to reveal any trace of the Military Way which Roy clearly shows here running aboubehinm 0 rampare 2 t dth t (Roy 1793, pi XXIX). EXCAVATION 197n I Departmene 1th Environmene th f o t t learn proposaa f o t construco lt t housee th n si fortlete th excavatiof n o A . S d an advancn i W developmen e e th fiel th f eo o dt t took placa r efo BREEZE: EXCAVATION ANTONINN SO E WAL WATLINT LA G LODGE 169 fortnigh Junn i t e 1972. Four areas were excavated defencealon W fortlet e e th g th f so , numbered 1-4 from N to S. Trenches 2-4 were each 1-5 m wide and were 15-5 m, 11-5 m and 16 m long respectively. Trenc excavates wa h2 d first, t beinrigha t tg cu anglemodere th o st n fence e traco th N .f eo rampar fortlee founds th f wa o t , jus singla t e ditc t int yelloe hcu o th w clay subsoil trence Th . h was extended 8 m beyond the outer lip of the ditch to search for a possible second ditch. This presumee b way t discoveresno ma t di tha d fortlee dsurroundean s th t wa t ditche on y . db Thi s ditch, V-shaped but with a slightly steeper slope on the outside, was 2-8 m wide and now 1 m deep, bottoe th U-shapebottoa e o deepditct mf e m th o t th m hmf .A 0 o d12 wid channem d m e an 0 l50 WATLING LODGE 1972-74 FIG 2 and filling the channel was a layer of fine brown silt 120 mm thick. This was covered by grey silt about twice as thick.
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