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Piluca Álvarez Fidalgo 1, Ramón M. Batlle 2, Reinoud Van Den Broek 3

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Piluca Álvarez Fidalgo 1, Ramón M. Batlle 2, Reinoud Van Den Broek 3 Revista gaditana de Entomología, volumen XII núm. 1 (2021): 53-65 ISSN 2172-2595 New distribution data and first ecology information of two little known robber fly species from Los Monegros region, Spain (Diptera, Asilidae) Piluca Álvarez Fidalgo 1, Ramón M. Batlle 2, Reinoud van den Broek 3 (1)Corazón de María 7, 28002 Madrid, Spain. [email protected] (2)Salvador Dalí 2, Bell-lloc d’Urgell, Lleida, Spain. [email protected] (3)Mariastraat 12, 5038 SK Tilburg, The Netherlands. [email protected] Abstract New records and locations of the robber flies Machimus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 and Psilocurus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001, from Los Monegros region (Spain) are presented in this paper, as well as the first information available about their ecology. Besides, M. blascoi is shown in photographs taken in the wild and in its natural habitat for the first time. Key words: Machimus blascoi, Psilocurus blascoi, Asilidae, Diptera, Los Monegros, Spain, phenology, distribution, ecology. Nuevos datos sobre la distribución y primera información sobre la ecología de dos especies de asílidos poco conocidos de Los Monegros, España (Diptera: Asilidae) Resumen En el presente artículo se dan a conocer citas y localidades nuevas de los asílidos Machimus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 y Psilocurus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 en la región de Los Monegros (España), así como la primera información disponible sobre su ecología. Además, se muestran las primeras fotografías de M. blascoi vivo y en su habitat natural. Palabras clave: Machimus blascoi, Psilocurus blascoi, Asilidae, Diptera, Los Monegros, España, fenología, distribución, ecología. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:516D4BAD-9CEC-4F1B-8FA1-F7CD63B92EAE INTRODUCTION INTRODUCCIÓN The robber flies comprise one of the Los asílidos comprenden una de las largest families of present day Diptera. familias más grandes de dípteros All are easily recognized by their long actuales. Se reconocen fácilmente por su body, and by the presence of both a tuft cuerpo alargado y por la presencia de un of hairs (mystax) above the mouth parts mechón de pelos (mystax) sobre el and a chitinized proboscis (Marshall, aparato bucal y de una probóscide 2012). Because of their predatory habits, quitinosa (Marshall, 2012). Debido a sus they contribute to the maintenance of the hábitos predadores, contribuyen al natural balance of insect populations mantenimiento del equilibrio natural de (Hull, 1962). las poblaciones de insectos (Hull, 1962). 53 Álvarez Fidalgo, P. et al. New distribution data and first ecology information of two little known robber fly species from Los Monegros region, Spain (Diptera, Asilidae) This family of flies has colonized Esta familia de moscas ha colonizado almost the entire planet (except for the casi todo el planeta (con la excepción de polar regions) and the species live in a las regiones polares) y las especies viven wide variety of habitats, but most species en una amplia variedad de ambientes, prefer hot and dry places (Tomasovic, aunque habitan preferentemente lugares 2003). cálidos y secos (Tomasovic, 2003). Although generally they have been Aunque durante el siglo XX se han little studied on the Iberian Peninsula estudiado escasamente de forma general during the 20th century, interest has risen en la Península Ibérica, recientemente han recently and several species have been despertado un nuevo interés y varias described in this territory during the last especies se han descrito del territorio en twenty years (Álvarez Fidalgo & Broek, los últimos veinte años (Álvarez Fidalgo 2019a; 2019b). Machimus blascoi & Broek, 2019a; 2019b). Machimus Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 and Psilocurus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 y blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 are two Psilocurus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, of those recently described species, both 2001 son dos de las especies descritas en only known from Los Monegros region tiempos recientes, ambas solo conocidas (provinces of Huesca and Zaragoza, north- de la zona de Los Monegros (provincias eastern Spain). de Huesca y Zaragoza, noreste de Los Monegros lies in the central part of España). the Ebro Valley, in north-eastern Zaragoza Los Monegros se encuentra en la parte province and south-western Huesca central del valle del Ebro, en el noreste de province. This area has extreme climatic la provincia de Zaragoza y en el suroeste conditions (from -10º C in the winter to de la provincia de Huesca. Esta zona over 40ºC in the summer, strong presenta unas condiciones climáticas desiccating winds, and low annual extremas (desde los -10º C en invierno rainfall), which has produced vegetation hasta más de 40ºC en verano, vientos muy similar to that of North African steppes desecantes y una pluviosidad anual baja), (Weinberg & Blasco-Zumeta, 2001). lo que produce una vegetación similar a la Endorheic formations named ‘saladas’ are de las estepas del norte de África found in the plains, with halophilic and (Weinberg & Blasco-Zumeta, 2001). En gypsophilic vegetation. Some plants los llanos se encuentran formaciones typically found in the area are: Juniperus endorreicas llamadas saladas, con thurifera, L., Suaeda vera Forssk. ex vegetación halófila y gipsófila. Algunas J.F.Gmel., Arthrocnemum macrostachyum de las plantas que se encuentran (Moric.) Moris, and Salsola kali L. típicamente en el área son: Juniperus (Weinberg & Blasco-Zumeta, 2001). thurifera L., Suaeda vera Forssk. ex In order to gather new information, the J.F.Gmel., Arthrocnemum macrosta- first two authors spent some days in Los chyum (Moric.) Moris y Salsola kali L. Monegros area in the spring of 2017 and (Weinberg & Blasco-Zumeta, 2001). 2018, searching for both species. The first Con el fin de reunir información nueva new records after their description have sobre estas dos especies, los dos pri- bee 54 Revista gaditana de Entomología, volumen XII núm. 1 (2021): 53-65 ISSN 2172-2595 been published recently (Broek et al., meros autores pasaron unos días en la 2018; Álvarez Fidalgo et al., 2019), all zona de Los Monegros en la primavera based on collected specimens. Apart de 2017 y de 2018. Las primeras citas from new distribution data, the trip tras su descripción se publicaron provided information about their recientemente (Broek et al., 2018; ecology and the first photographs of M. Álvarez Fidalgo et al., 2019), todo en blascoi in its natural habitat. Moreover, base a ejemplares capturados. Aparte de the knowledge acquired about both los datos nuevos sobre su distribución, species through the study of collected el viaje proporcionó información sobre fresh specimens, has allowed the su ecología y las primeras fotografías de identification of several specimens M. blascoi en su hábitat natural. photographed in the wild (images Además, el conocimiento adquirido de uploaded to the Biodiversidad ambas especies, a través del material Virtual.org citizen science website), fresco capturado, ha permitido la which has resulted in some new identificación de varios ejemplares additional locations and a clearer idea of fotografiados en su medio (imágenes their probable distribution. subidas a la plataforma de ciencia ciudadana BiodiversidadVirtual.org), lo MATERIAL & METHODS que ha proporcionado localidades nuevas adicionales y una idea más clara For this paper, new data, records and de su probable distribución. information were obtained by field observation, and through photographs MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS taken by the authors in new localities. These specimens were not collected but En este trabajo se incorporan datos the photographs were uploaded to the nuevos, citas e información obtenidos a BiodiversidadVirtual.org citizen science partir de la observación de campo y de website (BiodiversidadVirtual.org, las fotografías tomadas por los autores 2021), in order to place them at the en localidades nuevas. Estos ejemplares disposal of the scientific community and no se capturaron pero las fotografías anyone interested in biodiversity. One están subidas a la plataforma de ciencia additional record of P. blascoi was found ciudadana BiodiversidadVirtual.org on the same website (Ferrández, 2016). (BiodiversidadVirtual.org, 2021), con el The photographs of the specimens fin de ponerlas a disposición de la were taken in the wild with Canon EF comunidad científica y de toda persona 100 mm and 60 mm macro lenses and a interesada en la biodiversidad. Una cita Canon MP-E 65 mm macro lens on a adicional proviene de la misma Canon EOS 100D camera, and with a plataforma (Ferrández, 2016). Tamron 180 mm macro lens on a Canon Las fotografías de los ejemplares EOS 600D. vivos se hicieron con una cámara The terminology used for the body Canon EOS 100D con objetivos macro parts follows Geller-Grimm & Dikow Canon EF 100 mm, EF 60 mm, y MP-E (2005). The nomenclature used for the 65 mm, y con una cámara Canon EOS taxonomy of robber flies follows the 600D y un objetivo macro Tamron 180 criteria of Álvarez Fidalgo & Broek mm. 55 Álvarez Fidalgo, P. et al. New distribution data and first ecology information of two little known robber fly species from Los Monegros region, Spain (Diptera, Asilidae) (2019a) and that of botany, Flora Ibérica La terminología utilizada para (2021). designar las partes del cuerpo sigue la de The maps have been created with the Geller-Grimm & Dikow (2005). La QGIS 3.4 software. nomenclatura utilizada para la taxonomía de asílidos sigue el criterio de Álvarez Fidalgo & Broek (2019a) y la de botánica el de Flora Ibérica (2021). Los mapas se han generado con el programa QGIS 3.4. RECOGNITION OF THE SPECIES – RECONOCIMIENTO DE LAS ESPECIES Machimus blascoi Weinberg & Bächli, 2001 Palearctic species of the genera Las especies paleárticas de los Machimus Loew, 1849 and Tolmerus géneros Machimus Loew, 1849 y Loew, 1849 are very difficult to separate Tolmerus Loew, 1849 son muy difíciles using external characters as many species de separar en base solo a caracteres are very similar and most characters are externos, ya que muchas especies son not specific (Weinberg & Bächli, 2001). muy similares y la mayoría de los However, M. blascoi is reasonably easy to caracteres no son específicos (Weinberg recognize by the following combination of & Bächli, 2001).
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