Volume 24 Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007-08

VOLUME -24 LODHRAN

GOVERNMENT OF THE PUNJAB PLANNING & DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT BUREAU OF STATISTICS MARCH 2009

Contributors to the Report: Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Department, UNICEF Consultant: Manar E. Abdel-Rahman, PhD M/s Eycon Pvt. Limited: data management consultants

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey was carried out by the Bureau of Statistics, Government of Punjab, Planning and Development Department. Financial support was provided by the Government of Punjab through the Annual Development Programme and technical support by the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF).

The final reportreport consists consists of of 36 36 volumes volumes. of whichReaders this may document refer to is the the enclosed first. Readers table may of contents refer to thefor reference.enclosed table of contents for reference.

This is a household survey planned by the Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab, Pakistan (http://www.pndpunjab.gov.pk/page.asp?id=712). Survey tools were based on models and standards developed by the global MICS project, designed to collect information on the situation of children and women in countries around the world. Additional information on the global MICS project may be obtained from www.childinfo.org.

Suggested Citation: Bureau of Statistics, Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab - Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey, Punjab 2007–08, Lahore, Pakistan. ii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 FOREWORD

Government of the Punjab is committed to reduce poverty through sustaining high growth in all aspects of provincial economy. An abiding challenge in maintaining such growth pattern is concurrent development of capacities in planning, implementation and monitoring which requires reliable and real time data on development needs, quality and efficacy of interventions and impacts. Being cognizant of this need, Planning and Development Department is consistently working on improved systems for generation of accurate information on development needs and impacts of the investments made through development budgets. Social sectors remain a priority area for the government and development outlays for these sectors have grown multifold over the last five years. Government of the Punjab is committed to attain the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) for education, health, water supply & sanitation and poverty. That would require not only provision of adequate resources but also a very robust system for ascertaining the area specific needs, efficient use of resources and regular monitoring of the results and impacts. Towards this end, government, with assistance of UNICEF, has embarked upon periodic conduct of Multiple Indicator Cluster Surveys (MICS). The first such survey was carried out in 2003-04 and proved to be the most important tool in determining government budgetary outlays for the next four years, particularly for the social sectors. MICS 2003-04 was based on 40 indicators and the usage of information generated by the survey pointed to the need of further improvements in the scope and coverage of selected indicators. Therefore, scope of MICS 2007-08 was further expanded to more than 70 indicators and the coverage ZDVH[WHQGHGGRZQWR¶WHKVLO· level. This posed much greater challenges in terms of logistics and man-management but it is matter of great satisfaction that final product has proven to be worth that effort. The results of 2007-08 survey not only provide information on progress made in key social indicators since 2003-04 but also provide an excellent baseline for the key social indicators to the provincial planners. The Punjab Bureau of Statistics, Planning & Development Department, partner organizations at the provincial and district level richly deserve all the credit for coming up with an excellent report. Special credit also goes to UNICEF for their unstinted support for the MICS over the years and bringing international expertise to support this effort. I am confident that this report will prove to be a valuable source not only for the planning efforts of government of punjab but also a valuable reference for the academia and research organizations.

Muhammad Sami Saeed Chairman, Planning and Development Board, Punjab Dated: 20th February, 2009

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN iii AACKNOWLEDGEMENTSCKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey (MICS) Punjab 2007²08 is the result of ceaseless efforts of different departments and organisations. Funded through the Annual Development Programme, the survey was conducted by the Bureau of Statistics, Punjab with technical support of UNICEF. The Federal Bureau of Statistics provided the sample design which was also reviewed by an international consultant. The validation of survey was undertaken by the Social Work Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore. The survey covered 6,368 clusters and 91,280 households in urban and rural areas throughout the province. The fieldwork was started on 12 December 2007 and completed on 10 April 2008. Punjab MICS 2007²08 allows the provincial government and districts to gauge and monitor their respective status of human and social development with precise data on a variety of key indicators. It will assist the decision-makers to move towards new avenues of human and social development. MICS 2007²08 is result of collective efforts of many individuals and each one of them merits recognition. The Chairman, P&D Board (who also heads the Provincial Steering Committee of MICS) and Secretary P&D Department extended their fullest support and guided throughout the process. Mr. Shamim Rafique, Director General, Bureau of Statistics and his team deserves special mention. Their hard work and dedication has made it possible that the final product is completed in time. The keen interest and contribution made by the members of the Steering Committee, Technical and Planning & Coordination Group, Chief (MEPA) and his team are also acknowledged. MICS 2007-08 would not have been possible without technical support of UNICEF. Dr. Deepak Bajracharya, Provincial Chief, UNICEF, and his team played an active role throughout the process. Special thanks are due to Dr Manar Abdel Rahman, who led the process; Mr. Armando Levinson and Ivena Bajelic, International consultants for MICS 2007-08; The Federal Bureau of Statistics for providing sample design and listing; ECI (Pvt) Limited for facilitating trainings; Social Work Department, University of the Punjab, Lahore for monitoring; M/s Eycon (Pvt) Ltd for data management support; and many more partners. The fieldwork of this survey was a mammoth exercise but tireless efforts made by the regional supervisors, team supervisors and field enumerators (both male/ female in house listing and interviews) made possible to complete this difficult task in record time and without any major operational issue. The entire field teams deserve appreciation. All district governments and Administrative Departments provided valuable support by contributing services of their staff in the process. Communities, local leadership and members of the sampled households devoted their time and resources to facilitate the work of survey teams. They need to be applauded for their confidence in sharing their personal information and enriching this survey. The information provided by them remains in trust and will not be used for any purposes other than their benefit.

Hamed Yaqoob Sheikh Member/ Chief Economist Dated: 20th February, 2009 Planning and Development Board, Punjab

iv MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Summary Results of Key Indicators - District Lodhran Results are in per cent, unless otherwise stated

Indicator No. 0,&6² 0,&6² Punjab TOPIC Global INDICATOR MDG MICS District Punjab District Punjab MICS ² LITERACY AND EDUCATION

8 44 Literacy rate 10+ years 45 59 37 54 Literacy 45 Adult literacy rate 15+ years 41 56 35 52 60 46 $GXOWOLWHUDF\UDWH²\HDUV 60 73 50 68 52 36 Pre-school attendance 12 14 - - 54 39 Net intake rate in primary education (5 years) 16 19 - -

Net intake rate in primary education (6 years) 32 38 - -

655371HWSULPDU\DWWHQGDQFHUDWH ²\HDUV 42 53 30 51 38 Gross primary attendance rate 85 97 57 88 43 Net primary school attendance rate: - Government schools 72 56 - - - Private schools 26 43 - - Education 56 40 Net middle/ secondary attendance rate 18 29 18 33 9 61 42 Gender parity index for: - Primary education 0.89 0.96 0.86 0.93 - Middle/secondary education 0.88 0.94 0.63 0.88 41 Primary educational facility within 2 km: - Government boys 90 93 - - - Government girls 90 91 - - - Private boys 65 75 - - - Private girls 56 74 - - ENVIRONMENT Physical access to drinking water (within 47 93 92 87 92 dwelling) 30 11 48 Use of improved drinking water sources 99 97 93 97 13 49 Use of properly treated water 1.5 4.8 - - 55 Safe drinking water without bacteria 32 51 - - 31 12 50 Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal 58 70 39 58 Use of improved water sources and improved Water and 51 58 68 - Sanitation sanitation Proper disposal of: 53 - Waste water 24 57 17 43 52 - Solid waste 4.3 14.1 5.0 15 54 Hand washing adequately: - Before meal 48 57 18 41 - After using latrine 52 66 25 55 ADULT HEALTH AND HEALTH CARE 28 Prevalence of chronic cough 3.3 2.2 3.6 2 Adult health 29 Reported tuberculosis 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.5 30 Reported hepatitis 0.5 0.7 - -

25 Care provided by Lady Health Worker (LHW) 60 50 28 35 Health care Physical access to health facility within half an 35 51 75 - - hour's distance

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN v Summary Results of Key Indicators - District Lodhran Results are in per cent, unless otherwise stated

Indicator No. 0,&6² 0,&6² Punjab TOPIC Global INDICATOR MDG MICS District Punjab District Punjab MICS ² CHILD MORTALITY

Child 13 1 1 Under-five mortality rate (per 1,000 births) 167 111 147 112 mortality 14 2 2 Infant mortality rate (per 1,000 births) 108 77 93 77 NUTRITION

4 6 5 Underweight prevalence (moderate & severe) 46 34 45 34

Underweight prevalence (severe) 15 11 -- Nutritional 7 6 Stunting prevalence (moderate & severe) 50 42 - - status Stunting prevalence (severe) 25 23 - - 8 7 Wasting prevalence (moderate & severe) 13 13 - - Wasting prevalence (severe) 4.9 5.6 - - 15 8 Exclusive breastfeeding rate 42 49 - 30 16 9 Continued breastfeeding rate at: ²PRQWKV 68 74 - 79 Breast- ²PRQWKV 61 53 - 47 feeding 17 12 Timely complementary feeding rate 44 42 25 44 Children receiving minimum recommended 18 11 28 31 -- complementary feeding 19 10 Adequately fed infants 36 40 -- Salt 41 70 Adequately Iodised salt consumption 1.3 6.3 4.0 8 iodisation Vitamin A 42 22 Vitamin A supplementation (under 5 years) 83 79 96 87 CHILD HEALTH 33 19 Use of Oral Rehydration Therapy (ORT) 35 47 45 43 31 Prevalence of diarrhoea 8.9 7.8 33 22 34 20 Home management of diarrhoea 17 15 - - Received ORT or increased fluids and continued 35 21 31 30 - - Care of feeding illness 23 18 Care seeking for suspected pneumonia 59 70 - -

22 33 Knowledge of two danger signs of pneumonia 4.8 10 - -

32 Any illness during past 2 weeks 13 - - 29 24 69 Solid fuels 93 71 - - CHILD PROTECTION

Birth 62 34 Birth registration 55 77 70 82 registration 71 56 Child labour 5.7 5.1 - - Child labour 72 57 Labourer students 3.3 3.4 - - 73 58 Student labourers 36 49 --

Disability 101 62 &KLOGGLVDELOLW\ ²\HDUV 7.4 5.2 - -

vi MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Summary Results of Key Indicators - District Lodhran Results are in per cent, unless otherwise stated

Indicator No. 0,&6² 0,&6² Punjab TOPIC Global INDICATOR MDG MICS District Punjab District Punjab MICS ² REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH Fertility 24 Total fertility rate - 4.3 7.1 4.7 19c 21 14 Use of contraceptives (any method) 23 32 48 36 Contra- 15 Contraceptive drop out 3.6 4.3 - - ception 16 Unwilling pregnancy 27 26 - - 20 13 Antenatal care 46 53 24 44 Maternal and 17 4 3 Skilled attendant at delivery 31 43 14 33 newborn 5 4 Institutional deliveries 28 38 - - health 23 Postnatal care 29 41 13 30 68 17 &XUUHQWO\PDUULHGZRPHQDJHG² 4.5 3.2 HIV/AIDS

HIV/AIDS 26 Knowledge of preventing HIV/AIDS 4 18 - - knowledge & Negative attitude towards people with attitudes 86 27 57 43 - - HIV/AIDS SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT

60 Unemployment rate (15+ years) 4.7 6.8 - - Emloyment 61 Family member working outside village/ town 13 12 4.0 9.6

Percent of households who own three or more 74 80 89 36 56 possessions Percent of household members who use at least 75 92 94 68 83 one utility 73 Household characteristics: - Finished floor (pacca) 51 57 - - - Finished roof (pacca) 81 84 - - Housing and Assets - Finished wall (pacca) 64 76 - - 59 Ownership of assets: - House 76 84 92 86 - Land 46 34 38 32 - Livestock 73 51 57 41 71 Mean household size 6.8 6.5 6.8 6.6 72 Mean number of persons per room 3.7 3.7 3.6 3.4 63 Receiving remittances within Pakistan 8.3 5.5 2.1 4.2 Remittances 64 Receiving remittances from abroad 1.2 4.1 1.1 4.3 and Zakat 65 Receiving cash donation 1.0 1.4 3.4 3.8 66 Safety nets: - Receiving pensions 2.6 6.2 - Getting benefits from Government Social 5.7 15.6 - - Benefits, schemes Subsidies and of social protection Families - Purchasing goods from 7.7 11.8 - - Support government utility stores Programmes How often: - Regularly 6.6 16.8 - - - Rarely 91 79 - -

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN vii

LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ASFR Age Specific Fertility Rate BOS Bureau of Statistics CDC Communicable Disease Centre CRS Crop Reporting Service CSPro Census and Survey Processing System EB Enumeration Block FBS Federal Bureau of Statistics GAR Gross Attendance Rate GPI Gender Parity Index HIV Human Immunodeficiency Virus IDD Iodine Deficiency Disorders IMR Infant Mortality Rate IUD Intrauterine Device LAM Lactational Amenorrhea Method LHW Lady Health Worker MCEB Mean Number of Children Ever Born MDGs Millennium Development Goals MICS Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey MICS²3 The third round of the Multiple Indicator Cluster Survey NAR Net Attendance Rate NCHS National Centre for Health Statistics (USA) NGOs Non-government organisations OPV Oral Polio Vaccine ORS Oral Rehydration Solution ORT Oral Rehydration Therapy P&D Planning And Development PDHS Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey PPB Parts Per Billion PPM Parts Per Million PRHFPS Pakistan Reproductive Health and Family Planning Survey PSLM Pakistan Social and Living Standards Measurement Survey PSUs Primary Sampling Units RHF Recommended Home Fluid SPSS Statistical Package for Social Sciences SSUs Secondary Sampling Units STIs Sexually Transmitted infections TFR Total Fertility Rate U5MR Under 5 Mortality Rate UN United Nations UNICEF United Nations Children's Fund WFFC World Fit For Children WHO World Health Organisation

viii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08

INTRODUCTION

1.1. Background his report is the 24th volume of the tesil based Punjab MICS 2007²08, conducted from TDecember 2007 to April 2008 by the Bureau of Statistics (BOS), Planning and Development Department, Government of the Punjab. To provide a snapshot of progress on indicators for , the report compares the results of MICS 2007²08 to those of MICS 2003²04 by tehsil where ever available. Punjab MICS is a household survey intended to assist the Government of Pakistan/ Punjab in planning and monitoring social service delivery and other indicators of development. The survey fills gaps in essential data, providing recent and relevant information at the provincial, divisional, district and tehsil level. The survey findings will ultimately feed into government programmes for sustainable development and poverty alleviation. The MICS report fulfils an important role in monitoring progress towards attaining goals and targets from key international agreements: the Millennium Declaration, adopted by United Nations member states in September 2000, and the Plan of Action for 'A World Fit For Children', adopted at the United Nations Special Session on Children in May 2002, and commitments made at the 1990 World Summit for Children. As a signatory, Pakistan is committed to improving the situation of all its citizens, especially children, and to report upon progress made in the years since the agreements. The value of this survey goes far beyond generating data for international reporting. To formulate and achieve goal-oriented plans it is essential that resources are distributed based on rational and appropriate objectives at the provincial, district and tehsil level. The Punjab MICS 2007²08 will meet the data needs of researchers, academia, policymakers and managers at the grassroots level. The survey was coordinated and supervised by the Technical, Planning and Coordination Groups chaired by the Chief Economist Planning and Development (P&D) Board. These groups comprised of key technical staff of the line departments and UNICEF. The Government of Punjab financed the MICS through its Annual Development Programme and UNICEF provided technical assistance. 1.2. Survey Objectives The primary objectives of the Punjab MICS 2007²08 are: x To update and compare the results of Punjab MICS 2003²04 with finding in Punjab MICS 2007²08 at the district and tehsil levels; x To establish benchmarks indicators which were not included in Punjab MICS 2003²04 but are included in the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs); x To highlight inter-district disparities on the basis of evidence in order to address them through appropriate district and tehsil-level social sector planning efforts by the provincial government; x To develop a strong advocacy tool for action on poor social service delivery; x To provide information on the situation of children and women and assist the government in establishing child-focused benchmarking to report on the MDGs and the government's long term plans, and to measure progress; x To build the capacity of government institutions by encouraging their active involvement in all phases of the survey.

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN ix

1.3. Organisation of the Report The report for Punjab MICS 2007²08 comprises 36 volumes. This, the 24th volume, presents results at tehsil level for Lodhran District. Technical aspects of the survey are described in the appendices of Provincial Report (Volume 1). 1.4. Questionnaires Questionnaires for the Punjab MICS 2007²08 were based on MICS²3 model questionnaires with some modifications and additions to accommodate additional indicators selected by the Government of the Punjab. A household questionnaire was Table SD.1A: Sample size and allocation (households) administered in each Households sampled household, with Major Other Rural Total three major sections: City Urban information on all household Punjab 10464 21360 59456 91280 members, individual questionnaires for each ever- Lodhran District - 576 1152 1728 married woman aged 15²49 years, and a children's Tehsil section administered to Dunya Pur - 132 336 468 mother or caretakers of Kehror Pacca - 192 464 656 children under 5 years of Lodhran - 252 352 604 age. The questionnaires included the following modules: x Household Questionnaire o Household Listing o Education o Income and Employment o Water and Sanitation o Child Labour o Disability o Maternal Mortality o Household Characteristics o Salt Iodisation o Drinking Water Testing x Questionnaire for Individual Woman o Child Mortality o Maternal and Newborn Health o Contraception o HIV/AIDS x Questionnaire for Children Under 5 o Birth Registration o Vitamin A o Breastfeeding o Care during Illness o BCG Immunisation x MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 o Anthropometry The MICS²3 model questionnaires were revised and customised to suit local conditions and translated from English into the language. The Urdu version of the questionnaire was pre- tested in November 2007 in the urban and rural areas on a set of households that was not included in the survey sample. Questionnaires were modified based on the results of the pre-test. 1.5. Training and Fieldwork Due to the large sample size and to ease management of the large fieldwork operation while assuring quality and proper supervision, the province was divided into ten regions of 3²5 districts each. region comprised of Multan, Khanewal, Lodhran and Vehari districts. The BOS assigned one senior officer as Regional Supervisor for the region, who was responsible for all aspects of fieldwork. Household listing began in October 2007. The Federal Bureau of Statistics (FBS) trained listers taken by BOS from line departments and academia, and supervised the process through its regional offices. A 5-day training of master trainers was conducted in Lahore during November 2007. Master trainers comprised of technical staff from the BOS, female doctors from the health department and professional trainers engaged by UNICEF. The training was conducted by a private sector consultancy firm, Employment through Creativity Integration (ECI) Pvt Ltd. A manual was developed training interviewers and supervisory staff. Field enumeration staff was trained by master trainers at the regional level. The required staff for Multan region was trainined in two sessions through the courtesy of District Health Development Centre (DHDC) Khanewal in December 2007. Each session was standardised in terms of duration, content, material and instructional methodology and provided adequate opportunities for hands-on practice and closely supervised field work. Standardised instruction manuals for team supervisors and interviewers were developed and used during training and fieldwork. Each training session concluded with a standard evaluation of the participants. A total of six teams supervisors led the interviewer teams at Multan region were deployed. Each team comprised one male and two female interviewers. The male interviewers were responsible for locating sampled households, introductions, administering the household modules and performing water testing. The female interviewers administered the women and children modules to eligible women and mothers or caretakers of children. They also performed the anthropometric measurements on children. Depending on the size of the household, administration of each questionnaire took about 35²45 minutes. Each team supervisor supported two teams in urban or three teams in rural areas. Supervisors ensured that the visited household was one identified through the sampling process. They were also responsible for completeness and quality of work, keeping to schedules, and arranging transport and accommodation. Team supervisors were the primary link between regional supervisors and interviewers, and reported on their teams' progress and performance regularly. Teams were instructed to complete one cluster a day. All cluster and control sheets were delivered by team supervisors to their regional supervisor who forwarded them to the BOS headquarters in Lahore after two days to allow the completion of the water test. To establish the credibility of the survey, the University of the Punjab's Social Work Department was engaged as an independent monitoring organisation and was involved in the survey process from the beginning. This third party monitoring was intended to support, assess and report on the quality of all aspects of the survey work. The monitors covered questionnaire design, training, listing, fieldwork and back-checking of filled-in questionnaires, data management and report writing. The third party monitoring report is included in Provincial Report (Volume 1).

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN xi

Team supervisors for Multan region were largely taken from the BOS, Crop Reporting Service (CRS), Agriculture, Health, Social Welfare Departments and Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP). The interviewers were engaged from the BOS and other government line departments including Population Welfare, Health and CRS and included university graduates through the Gender Reform Action Plan (GRAP) and NGOs. In total, 54 interviewers, 6 team supervisors and a regional supervisor were involved in data collection. Thus more than 60 field enumeration staff participated in fieldwork for the survey from 12 December 2007 to 10 April 2008. 1.6. Data Processing and Analysis Questionnaire responses received a preliminary edit on the spot by team supervisors. At the end of the day, the team supervisor and interviewers reviewed each questionnaire and filled in the cluster control sheet. The regional supervisor checked randomly selected questionnaires. Data editors deployed by the data management organisation conducted a final edit and check before data entry. Data handling and processing was managed by an experienced private sector agency which was responsible for survey data management and processing, including pre-entry editing, data entry, verification and consistency checks, preliminary tabulations and frequencies, support of the data analysis process and preparation of final data for dissemination in electronic form. In total, 48 data editors, 78 data entry operators and eight data supervisors and quality control staff took part in the data processing operation at provincial level. They were trained in four batches during May 2008. The two trainings for editors were conducted by Punjab MICS master trainers following the curriculum used in training interviewers. For better quality control, all questionnaires were double entered and internal consistency checks were performed. The data management operation site was housed within the BOS premises to ensure close monitoring. A short-term international consultant was engaged by UNICEF to review the technical aspects of data entry operation during June 2008 who recommend improvements in the data management process. Data processing began on 10 May and concluded on 15 September 2008. Procedures and standard programs developed under the global MICS²3 project and adapted to the Punjab questionnaires were used. Data were entered and processed using the CSPro software after customising standard data entry programs, and were analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software program after customising the model syntax and tabulation plans. Syntax and tabulation plans were prepared for the additional indicators included in the survey. Table numbers used in this report refer to the same numbers used in the global MICS²3 tabulation plan. Each table number is prefixed by two letters denoting the section to which the table belongs. Generally numbering of figures reflects the table numbers from which the data used in the figures are obtained. 1.7. Dimensions of Data Analysis Data are presented for the entire province in Provincial Report (Volume 1). District Lodhran data are disaggregated by tehsil, area of residence, sex, age, level of education and wealth index quintile and presented in this report.

xii MICS PUNJAB 2007-08

LIST OF TABLES ² DISTRICT LODHRAN Volume 24

Households (HH) Table HH.2: Household age distribution by sex ...... 3 Table HH.3: Household composition ...... 4 Table HH.4: Women's background characteristics ...... 5 Table HH.5: Children's background characteristics ...... 6 Nutrition (NU) Table NU.1: Child malnourishment ...... 7 Table NU.4: Adequately fed infants ...... 8 Table NU.5: Adequately iodised salt consumption ...... 9 Table NU.6: Children's vitamin A supplementation ...... 10 Child Health (CH) Table CH.4: Oral rehydration treatment ...... 11 Table CH.5: Home management of diarrhoea ...... 12 Table CH.6: Care seeking for suspected pneumonia ...... 13 Table CH.7A: Knowledge of the two danger signs of pneumonia ...... 14 Table CH.8: Solid fuel use...... 15 Environment (EN) Table EN.1: Use of improved water sources ...... 17 Table EN.2: Household water treatment ...... 18 Table EN.3: Physical access to source of water ...... 19 Table EN.3A: Bacteria water testing...... 20 Table EN.5: Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal ...... 21 Table EN.7: Use of improved water sources and improved sanitation ...... 22 Table EN.11A: Disposal of waste water...... 23 Table EN.11B: Disposal of solid waste ...... 24 Table EN.12A: Hands washing before meal ...... 25 Table EN.12B: Hands washing after using latrine ...... 26 Reproductive Health (RH) Table RH.1: Use of contraception ...... 27 Table RH.1A: Contraceptive dropout ...... 28 Table RH.2: Unwilling pregnancy ...... 29 Table RH.3: Antenatal care provider ...... 30 Table RH.5: Assistance during delivery ...... 31 Table RH.5A: Postnatal care provider ...... 32 Table RH.7: Currently married women by age ...... 33 Education (ED) Table ED.8A: Literacy rate (10+ years) ...... 35

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 1

Table ED.8B: Literacy rate (15+ years) ...... 36 Table ED.8C: Youth Literacy rate (15²24 years) ...... 37 Table ED.1: Pre-school attendance ...... 38 Table ED.2: Primary school entry ...... 39 Table ED.3A: Primary school net attendance ratio (5²9 years) ...... 40 Table ED.3B: Primary school gross attendance ratio (5²9 years) ...... 41 Table ED.3C: Public and private primary school attendance rate ...... 42 Table ED.4: Middle/Secondary school net attendance ratio ...... 43 Table ED.4w: Secondary school age children attending primary school ...... 44 Table ED.7: Education gender parity ...... 45 Table ED.9A: Physical access to primary schools...... 46 Table ED.9B: Physical access to middle schools ...... 47 Table ED.9C: Physical access to secondary schools ...... 48 Child Protection (CP) Table CP.1: Birth registration ...... 49 Table CP.2: Child labour...... 50 Table CP.3: Labourer students and student labourers ...... 51 Table CP.10: Child disability ...... 52 HIV/ AIDS (HA) Table HA.1: Knowledge of preventing HIV transmission ...... 53 Table HA.5: Attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS ...... 54 Household Characteristics (HC) Table HC.1: Prevalence of Cough, TB and Hepatitis ...... 55 Table HC.2: Care provided by Lady Health Worker (LHW) ...... 56 Table HC.3: Physical access to health facility ...... 57 Table HC.5: Unemployment rate ...... 58 Table HC.6: Family member working outside village ...... 59 Table HC.7A: Main material of the floor ...... 60 Table HC.7B: Main material of the roof ...... 61 Table HC.7C: Main material of the walls ...... 62 Table HC.8A: Household utilities ...... 63 Table HC.8B: Household possessions ...... 64 Table HC.9: House, agricultural land and livestock ownership ...... 65 Table HC.10: Household size and mean number of persons per room ...... 66 Table HC.11A: Receiving remittance within Pakistan ...... 67 Table HC.11B: Receiving remittance from abroad ...... 68 Table HC.12: Cash donations ...... 69 Table HC.13: Pension Benefits ...... 70 Table HC.14A: Benefit from government social protection schemes ...... 71 Table HC.14B: Purchasing goods from government utility stores ...... 72

2 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HH.2: Household age distribution by sex Percent distribution of the household population by five-year age groups, and dependency agePercent groups, distribution MICS ofPunjab, the household 2007-08 population by five-year age groups and dependency age groups, and number of children aged 0-17 years, by sex, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Males Females Total Number Percent Number Percent Number Percent

Punjab 303,804 100.0 289,039 100.0 592,843 100.0

District Lodhran 5,401 100.0 4,991 100.0 10,392 100.0

Age

0-4 732 13.6 704 14.1 1,436 13.8

5-9 725 13.4 658 13.2 1,384 13.3

10-14 744 13.8 569 11.4 1,312 12.6

15-19 614 11.4 574 11.5 1,189 11.4

20-24 434 8.0 439 8.8 873 8.4

25-29 440 8.1 469 9.4 909 8.7

30-34 292 5.4 270 5.4 562 5.4

35-39 302 5.6 307 6.1 609 5.9

40-44 237 4.4 204 4.1 441 4.2

45-49 198 3.7 148 3.0 346 3.3

50-54 135 2.5 181 3.6 317 3.0

55-59 134 2.5 130 2.6 264 2.5

60-64 142 2.6 128 2.6 270 2.6

65-69 88 1.6 88 1.8 177 1.7

70+ 177 3.3 121 2.4 298 2.9

Missing/DK 6 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.1

Dependency age groups

<15 2,201 40.8 1,931 38.7 4,132 39.8

15-64 2,929 54.2 2,850 57.1 5,779 55.6

65+ 265 4.9 209 4.2 475 4.6

Missing/DK 6 0.1 0 0.0 6 0.1

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 3 Table HH.3: Household composition

Percent distribution of households by selected characteristics, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of households Weighted percent Weighted Unweighted

Punjab 100.0 91,075 91,075

District Lodhran 100.0 1,521 1,725

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 28.3 430 467 Kehror Pacca 31.1 472 654 Lodhran 40.6 618 604

Area of residence

Rural 85.6 1,302 1,152 All Urban 14.4 219 573 Other Urban 100.0 219 573

SexGender of household head

Male 97.5 1,482 1,674 Female 2.5 38 51

No. of household members

1 0.8 12 17 2-3 11.8 180 192 4-5 20.9 317 365 6-7 30.6 466 517 8-9 20.8 316 356 10+ 15.1 229 278

At least one child aged < 5 years 53.2 1,521 1,725 At least one woman aged 15-49 years 85.0 1,521 1,725

Punjab At least one child aged < 5 years 47.4 91,075 91,075 At least one woman aged 15-49 years 81.9 91,075 91,075

4 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HH.4: Women's background characteristics Percent distribution of women aged 15-49 years by background characteristics, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of women Weighted percent Weighted Unweighted

Punjab 100.0 86,148 86,148

District Lodhran 100.0 1,557 1,716

Tehsil Dunya Pur 29.0 451 476 Kehror Pacca 30.9 481 650 Lodhran 40.1 624 590

Area of residence Rural 85.4 1,329 1,138 All Urban 14.6 227 578 Other Urban 100.0 227 578

Age 15-19 4.4 69 83 20-24 13.6 212 242 25-29 23.5 366 397 30-34 16.3 254 288 35-39 19.2 299 321 40-44 13.7 213 229 45-49 9.3 145 156

Marital status Currently married 97.1 1,511 1,676 Widowed 1.9 30 27 Divorced 1.0 16 13

Motherhood status Ever gave birth 86.0 1,339 1,483 Never gave birth 14.0 218 233

Education None 81.5 1,268 1,313 Primary 8.4 130 158 Middle 3.0 47 79 Secondary 4.2 66 99 Higher 2.8 44 66 Madrasa/NSC 0.1 1 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 28.4 443 391 Second 29.6 460 455 Middle 25.1 391 440 Fourth 13.2 205 294 Highest 3.7 58 136

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 5 Table HH.5: Children's background characteristics Percent distribution of children under five years of age by background characteristics, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of under-5 children Weighted percent Weighted Unweighted

Punjab 100.0 70,226 70,226

District Lodhran 100.0 1,404 1,540

Tehsil Dunya Pur 26.7 374 394 Kehror Pacca 31.8 446 610 Lodhran 41.6 584 536

Area of residence Rural 86.1 1,209 1,047 All Urban 13.9 195 493 Other Urban 100.0 195 493

Gender Male 51.1 718 797 Female 48.9 686 743

Age < 6 months 11.6 163 178 6-11 months 9.6 134 150 12-23 months 17.0 239 257 24-35 months 18.7 263 301 36-47 months 21.2 298 318 48-59 months 21.2 298 326 Missing/Inconsistent 0.6 9 10

Mother's Education None 81.0 1,137 1,158 Primary 8.4 118 145 Middle 3.2 45 75 Secondary 4.6 64 92 Higher 2.8 40 70

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 32.5 456 398 Second 28.5 400 402 Middle 23.2 325 378 Fourth 12.6 176 244 Highest 3.3 47 118

6 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table NU.1: Child malnourishment Percentage of children aged 0-59 months who are severely or moderately malnourished, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Weight for age Height for age Weight for height Number of children % below % below % below % below % below % below % above aged 0-59 - 2 SD* - 3 SD* - 2 SD** - 3 SD** - 2 SD*** - 3 SD*** + 2 SD months

Punjab 33.6 11.3 42.4 23.3 13.4 5.6 6.9 57,368

District Lodhran 45.9 14.8 49.5 25.4 13.4 4.9 3.6 1,231

Tehsil Dunya Pur 40.9 14.3 49.4 24.9 11.9 4.3 2.8 335 Kehror Pacca 49.4 16.6 51.6 30.2 12.8 4.9 4.1 380 Lodhran 46.6 13.8 48.1 22.2 14.8 5.4 3.6 516

Area of residence Rural 47.2 14.9 50.2 25.2 13.4 4.7 2.9 1,088 All Urban 36.7 13.6 44.5 26.5 13.2 6.9 8.7 143 Other Urban 36.7 13.6 44.5 26.5 13.2 6.9 8.7 143

Gender Male 42.9 13.5 47.5 23.7 14.2 4.1 3.3 629 Female 49.1 16.2 51.6 27.1 12.6 5.8 3.8 602

Child's age < 6 months 23.7 5.5 19.3 9.1 10.0 4.3 4.6 126 6-11 months 31.5 9.2 25.9 8.9 14.9 3.7 2.9 118 12-23 months 50.6 16.6 55.2 20.1 21.0 8.1 2.1 212 24-35 months 56.8 22.2 53.3 32.5 11.3 4.8 3.8 243 36-47 months 46.2 13.5 59.6 33.6 11.2 2.6 2.7 263 48-59 months 48.9 14.7 55.7 29.8 12.5 5.8 5.4 262 Missing/Inconsisten 50.7 14.1 82.2 41.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 6

Mother's Education None 47.6 15.5 52.7 27.3 12.5 4.4 3.2 998 Primary 44.6 12.9 42.4 16.7 22.3 7.9 5.4 103 Middle 55.6 19.1 54.4 33.6 18.4 9.1 5.5 40 Secondary 31.7 8.5 22.0 12.2 11.9 5.2 3.3 57 Higher 12.8 4.0 16.3 6.5 10.3 7.4 6.3 33

Wealth Index quintiles Lowest 56.0 17.7 57.3 32.7 16.5 5.7 3.9 408 Second 46.3 16.2 50.6 26.1 11.1 4.8 3.5 346 Middle 41.0 12.0 50.0 21.1 12.0 3.3 2.2 282 Fourth 34.7 11.4 32.8 14.9 14.0 5.7 3.8 154 Highest 19.1 5.6 22.0 14.7 8.8 6.1 9.9 42

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 7 Table NU.4: Adequately fed infants Percentage of infants under 6 months of age exclusively breastfed, percentage of infants 6-11 months who are breastfed and who ate solid/semi-solid food at least the minimum recommended number of times yesterday and percentage of infants adequately fed, MICS Punjab, 2007-08 Percent of infants 6-11 months who 6-8 months 9-11 months received who received who received breastmilk and 0-11 months Number of 0-5 months breastmilk and breastmilk and complementary who were infants exclusively complementary complementary food at least the appropriately aged 0-11 breastfed food at least 2 food at least 3 minimum fed** months times in prior times in prior recommended 24 hours 24 hours number of times per day*

Punjab 48.5 30.0 32.5 31.0 40.2 14,498

District Lodhran 42.0 31.4 21.4 28.3 35.9 298

Tehsil Tehsil 52.5 26.9 16.2 23.7 40.0 76 Kehror Pacca 48.7 31.1 23.7 28.2 38.9 95 Lodhran 30.9 34.0 22.2 31.1 31.0 127

Area of residence Rural 42.0 32.9 21.1 29.4 36.4 256 All Urban 42.2 21.3 23.1 22.0 32.7 41 Other Urban 42.2 21.3 23.1 22.0 32.7 41

Gender Male 43.2 31.3 12.9 24.1 34.8 152 Female 40.8 31.5 36.4 32.6 37.0 145

Mother's Education None 46.0 33.5 23.4 30.6 39.2 234 Primary 31.7 35.5 46.2 36.9 33.2 29 Middle 24.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 11 Secondary 0.0 33.5 5.7 16.0 9.5 15 Higher 52.3 18.8 39.1 28.2 34.3 9

Wealth Index quintiles Lowest 46.8 31.5 25.7 29.3 38.2 91 Second 45.0 30.9 12.6 27.0 37.8 89 Middle 47.9 44.9 33.8 42.7 45.5 68 Fourth 15.4 5.1 17.5 11.1 13.5 41 Highest 47.0 8.0 0.0 4.9 20.9 9

8 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table NU.5: AdequatelyIodized salt Iodized consumption salt consumption

Percentage of households consuming adequately iodized salt, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of Percent of households with Number of households Number of Salt test result households in in which households Total which salt was >0 to < 15 15+ salt was interviewed No salt 0 PPM tested or with tested PPM PPM* no salt

Punjab 98.9 91,075 0.3 87.7 5.7 6.3 100.0 90,333

District Lodhran 99.7 1,521 0.0 97.4 1.3 1.3 100.0 1,516

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 99.8 430 0.0 97.4 1.6 1.0 100.0 429

Kehror Pacca 99.4 472 0.0 97.7 1.4 0.9 100.0 469

Lodhran 99.8 618 0.1 97.1 1.0 1.7 100.0 618

Area of residence

Rural 99.7 1,302 0.0 98.1 1.1 0.8 100.0 1,298

All Urban 99.3 219 0.3 93.2 2.6 4.0 100.0 218

Other Urban 99.3 219 0.3 93.2 2.6 4.0 100.0 218

Wealth Index quintiles

Lowest 99.7 480 0.0 97.9 1.1 1.0 100.0 479

Second 100.0 456 0.0 98.5 0.9 0.6 100.0 456

Middle 99.6 356 0.0 98.8 0.6 0.5 100.0 355

Fourth 99.1 172 0.4 93.6 3.2 2.8 100.0 171

Highest 98.9 56 0.0 86.0 4.3 9.7 100.0 56

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 9 Table NU.6: Children's vitamin A supplementation Percent distribution of children aged 6-59 months by whether they have received a high dose vitamin A supplement in the last 6 months, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of children who received Number of Not sure if Never vitamin A: children received received Total aged 6-59 Within last 6 Prior to last 6 Not sure vitamin A vitamin A months* months when months

Punjab 79.4 4.8 5.4 0.9 9.5 100.0 62,613

District Lodhran 82.9 0.2 3.3 2.2 11.4 100.0 1,241

Tehsil Tehsil 83.3 0.0 7.3 1.4 8.0 100.0 331 Kehror Pacca 87.8 0.7 0.9 1.4 9.2 100.0 396 Lodhran 78.8 0.1 2.5 3.3 15.3 100.0 513

Area of residence Rural 84.9 0.3 1.3 2.5 11.0 100.0 1,068 All Urban 70.3 0.2 15.4 0.5 13.6 100.0 173 Other Urban 70.3 0.2 15.4 0.5 13.6 100.0 173

Gender Male 83.1 0.1 3.7 2.7 10.4 100.0 632 Female 82.6 0.4 2.8 1.7 12.5 100.0 608

Age 6-11 months 28.6 0.7 5.3 5.7 59.6 100.0 134 12-23 months 89.3 0.1 3.5 1.7 5.4 100.0 239 24-35 months 90.4 0.0 2.6 1.3 5.8 100.0 263 36-47 months 88.5 0.5 2.3 2.8 5.9 100.0 298 48-59 months 89.8 0.1 3.5 1.3 5.2 100.0 298 Missing/Inconsistent 87.2 0.0 12.8 0.0 0.0 100.0 9

Mother's Education None 83.3 0.3 2.6 2.4 11.5 100.0 1,007 Primary 88.7 0.0 2.6 0.0 8.6 100.0 98 Middle 73.7 0.0 10.8 1.0 14.4 100.0 41 Secondary 78.9 0.5 8.5 3.6 8.6 100.0 58 Higher 73.4 0.0 7.8 2.0 16.7 100.0 37

Wealth Index quintiles Lowest 83.6 0.4 2.2 1.3 12.4 100.0 410 Second 83.3 0.3 1.6 3.0 11.9 100.0 346 Middle 83.7 0.0 3.8 2.1 10.5 100.0 288 Fourth 81.6 0.2 5.7 2.9 9.7 100.0 154 Highest 72.0 0.0 14.5 2.8 10.7 100.0 43

10 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CH.4: Oral rehydration treatment Percentage of children aged 0-59 months with diarrhoea in the last two weeks and treatment with oral rehydration solution (ORS) or other oral rehydration treatment (ORT), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Children with diarrhoea who received: Number of Had Number of children Fluid diarrhoea children Recommended Pre- ORT aged 0-59 from No in last two aged 0-59 homemade packaged Use months ORS treatment weeks months fluid ORS fluid Rate * with packet diarrhoea

Punjab 7.8 70,226 22.5 10.1 21.6 53.0 47.0 5,445

District Lodhran 8.9 1,404 18.2 9.8 10.4 64.7 35.3 124

Tehsil Dunya Pur 3.0 374 25.3 29.4 9.9 55.2 44.8 11 Kehror Pacca 7.9 446 29.4 13.4 23.3 37.7 62.3 35 Lodhran 13.4 584 12.2 5.3 4.6 78.3 21.7 78

Area of residence Rural 9.0 1,209 15.2 7.9 9.5 70.3 29.7 108 All Urban 8.2 195 38.8 22.7 16.2 26.9 73.1 16 Other Urban 8.2 195 38.8 22.7 16.2 26.9 73.1 16

Gender Male 8.1 718 22.8 14.6 11.6 56.2 43.8 58 Female 9.6 686 14.1 5.5 9.3 72.2 27.8 66

Age < 6 months 9.5 163 13.8 17.2 8.7 63.3 36.7 16 6-11 months 16.4 134 13.7 5.4 7.9 74.3 25.7 22 12-23 months 16.6 239 17.6 14.3 8.9 66.9 33.1 40 24-35 months 8.3 263 17.0 2.6 17.2 63.2 36.8 22 36-47 months 5.9 298 16.4 9.0 8.0 66.6 33.4 18 48-59 months 2.6 298 50.6 6.0 14.7 28.8 71.2 8 Missing/Inconsistent 0.0 9 . . . . . 0

Mother's Education None 9.7 1,137 17.0 7.8 8.6 69.4 30.6 110 Primary 5.8 118 17.1 31.8 25.9 29.6 70.4 7 Middle 6.0 45 88.0 0.0 29.0 0.0 100.0 3 Secondary 5.2 64 0.0 41.0 28.3 30.7 69.3 3 Higher 3.7 40 23.8 0.0 0.0 76.2 23.8 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 10.2 456 6.0 2.5 4.4 87.1 12.9 47 Second 9.3 400 22.9 10.6 14.4 55.1 44.9 37 Middle 7.7 325 17.5 13.8 15.1 59.2 40.8 25 Fourth 7.8 176 39.2 20.0 12.9 31.3 68.7 14 Highest 4.4 47 79.5 41.6 0.0 20.5 79.5 2

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 11 Table CH.5: Home management of diarrhoea Percentage of children aged 0-59 months with diarrhoea in the last two weeks who took increased fluids and continued to feed during the episode, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Children with diarrhoea who: Received Number of Ate Had Number of Home ORT or children Drank some- Ate diarrhoea children manage- increased aged 0-59 Drank the what much in last two aged 0-59 ment of fluids AND months more same less, less or weeks months diarrhoea* continued with or less same or none feeding** diarrhoea more

Punjab 7.8 70,226 25.3 69.4 47.8 46.6 15.2 29.5 5,445

District Lodhran 8.9 1,404 24.7 72.5 59.9 38.9 16.7 30.5 124

Tehsil Dunya Pur 3.0 374 27.1 72.9 35.8 64.2 17.3 19.8 11 Kehror Pacca 7.9 446 17.0 78.3 52.0 44.9 8.5 44.1 35 Lodhran 13.4 584 27.9 69.9 67.0 32.6 20.3 26.0 78

Area of residence Rural 9.0 1,209 27.0 70.6 64.6 34.8 17.8 31.4 108 All Urban 8.2 195 9.4 85.4 28.1 66.6 9.4 24.6 16 Other Urban 8.2 195 9.4 85.4 28.1 66.6 9.4 24.6 16

Gender Male 8.1 718 26.1 70.0 50.4 49.0 14.3 28.4 58 Female 9.6 686 23.6 74.8 68.3 30.0 18.8 32.4 66

Age 0-11 months 12.6 298 13.9 82.0 35.9 61.6 5.0 9.9 38 12-23 months 16.6 239 31.6 67.2 64.2 34.5 14.9 25.3 40 24-35 months 8.3 263 19.6 80.4 84.6 15.4 19.6 46.3 22 36-47 months 5.9 298 49.6 42.4 72.7 27.3 49.6 64.7 18 48-59 months 2.6 298 0.0 100.0 55.4 44.6 0.0 35.3 8 Missing/Inconsistent 0.0 9 ...... 0

Mother's Education None 9.7 1,137 24.1 74.1 62.5 36.2 16.3 30.8 110 Primary 5.8 118 26.5 53.0 51.1 48.9 26.5 26.5 7 Middle 6.0 45 0.0 100.0 29.0 71.0 0.0 29.0 3 Secondary 5.2 64 71.7 28.3 43.4 56.6 30.7 43.4 3 Higher 3.7 40 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 10.2 456 18.6 80.2 72.5 27.5 15.2 21.3 47 Second 9.3 400 24.2 75.8 46.6 53.4 9.6 26.0 37 Middle 7.7 325 35.5 57.0 61.6 36.4 29.0 48.8 25 Fourth 7.8 176 28.0 65.1 49.4 43.6 17.9 36.0 14 Highest 4.4 47 20.5 79.5 62.1 37.9 20.5 62.1 2

12 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CH.6: Care seeking for suspected pneumonia Percentage of children aged 0-59 months with suspected pneumonia in the last two weeks taken to a health provider, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Children with suspected pneumonia who were taken to: Number of Number of Public sources Private sources Other source children aged Had acute Any children 0-59 months respiratory appropriate aged 0-59 Govt. Rural Private Other Traditional with infection Govt. Dispe- Other Private Dispensar/ Mobile Relative Home- provider * health health hospital private practitioner Other suspected months hospital nsary public physiciancompounder clinic or friend opath centre center clinic medical (Hakeem) pneumonia

Punjab 7.2 70,226 17.0 1.7 2.5 2.7 0.6 10.1 42.6 20.1 0.7 1.5 1.0 1.2 0.8 0.0 70.3 5,022

District Lodhran 6.6 1,404 13.1 0.0 1.0 0.0 0.0 9.0 34.2 22.2 0.8 0.5 2.0 3.9 1.4 0.0 58.6 93

Tehsil Dunya Pur 2.9 374 18.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.2 56.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 93.1 11 Kehror Pacca 7.0 446 13.0 0.0 3.1 0.0 0.0 8.3 28.2 40.6 0.0 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 54.2 31

ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Lodhran 8.8 584 12.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7.4 33.1 15.6 1.4 0.0 2.2 7.1 2.6 0.0 54.0 51

Area of residence Rural 5.7 1,209 12.0 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 3.9 31.5 30.3 1.1 0.0 0.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 49.9 68 All Urban 12.8 195 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.7 41.7 0.0 0.0 1.9 7.5 4.6 5.3 0.0 82.5 25 Other Urban 12.8 195 16.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.7 41.7 0.0 0.0 1.9 7.5 4.6 5.3 0.0 82.5 25

Gender Male 7.2 718 14.2 0.0 1.9 0.0 0.0 12.2 29.2 28.2 1.4 0.0 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.0 58.9 52 Female 6.0 686 11.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.9 40.5 14.7 0.0 1.1 3.1 7.7 1.5 0.0 58.2 41

Age 0-11 months 8.4 298 23.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.9 34.0 14.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.6 2.4 0.0 68.4 25 12-23 months 5.9 239 10.2 0.0 6.9 0.0 0.0 16.3 41.2 20.6 0.0 0.0 4.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 74.5 14 24-35 months 7.9 263 6.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.9 35.9 32.5 3.5 0.0 2.8 3.5 1.5 0.0 56.1 21 36-47 months 6.8 298 11.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.1 33.3 19.6 0.0 2.3 0.0 0.0 2.1 0.0 48.9 20 48-59 months 4.4 298 9.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6.6 25.9 27.1 0.0 0.0 4.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 41.6 13 Missing/Inconsistent 0.0 9 ...... 0

Mother's Education None 6.1 1,137 10.9 0.0 1.4 0.0 0.0 4.8 33.8 29.7 1.0 0.0 1.1 0.4 0.9 0.0 52.0 70 Primary 5.2 118 24.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 29.1 35.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.7 0.0 88.3 6 Middle 19.6 45 8.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 24.3 45.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 12.7 9.7 0.0 0.0 77.6 9 Secondary 9.9 64 33.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.6 3.3 0.0 0.0 7.4 0.0 39.0 0.0 0.0 61.0 6 Higher 5.7 40 12.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 4.5 456 9.6 0.0 4.7 0.0 0.0 2.7 20.0 24.7 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 2.9 0.0 40.6 21 Second 8.2 400 12.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.1 17.7 47.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.9 0.9 0.0 39.0 33 Middle 6.7 325 22.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9.4 62.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 94.8 22 Fourth 8.2 176 5.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.0 42.2 0.0 0.0 3.2 6.4 22.9 2.9 0.0 67.7 14 Highest 8.1 47 15.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.3 57.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 18.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.6 4 13 Table CH.7A: Knowledge of the two danger signs of pneumonia Percentage of mothers/caretakers of children aged 0-59 months by knowledge of types of symptoms for taking a child immediately to a health facility, and percentage of mothers/caretakers who recognize fast and difficult breathing as signs for seeking care immediately, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of mothers/caretakers of children aged 0-59 months who think that a child should be taken immediately to a health facility if the child: Mothers/ Number of caretakers mothers/ who Is not caretakers of Has Has recognize the able to Has Has Is children Becomes Develops fast other two danger drink or difficult blood drinking aged 0-59 sicker a fever breat- symp- signs of breast- breathing in stool poorly months hing toms pneumonia* feed

Punjab 29.7 66.1 72.4 25.1 23.9 15.3 30.8 1.5 10.1 70,226

District Lodhran 16.1 62.3 67.7 16.1 20.2 11.2 39.2 0.4 4.8 1,404

Tehsil Dunya Pur 20.2 65.9 70.3 24.7 30.0 18.6 54.9 0.3 10.2 374 Kehror Pacca 18.9 68.8 66.2 22.8 17.0 8.3 50.3 0.1 4.5 446 Lodhran 11.4 55.1 67.2 5.3 16.5 8.7 20.8 0.6 1.6 584

Area of residence Rural 17.0 61.5 66.6 15.4 19.5 11.5 42.8 0.3 4.3 1,209 All Urban 10.8 67.8 74.1 20.0 24.7 9.2 17.6 0.9 8.4 195 Other Urban 10.8 67.8 74.1 20.0 24.7 9.2 17.6 0.9 8.4 195

Mother's Education None 16.8 61.6 67.4 15.9 19.3 11.4 38.7 0.3 4.6 1,137 Primary 13.8 68.8 77.2 15.3 16.2 9.2 37.4 0.4 4.8 118 Middle 12.3 54.0 52.2 10.1 26.3 5.9 46.0 1.0 2.5 45 Secondary 13.2 62.9 69.6 23.8 31.6 13.0 50.6 1.5 7.2 64 Higher 12.7 72.1 62.3 19.0 33.4 15.3 33.8 0.0 10.8 40

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 21.0 57.9 66.1 14.5 21.1 10.1 40.4 0.5 5.1 456 Second 16.2 69.4 70.6 12.9 17.0 11.3 40.7 0.3 3.2 400 Middle 13.8 62.3 68.9 19.4 20.9 12.4 41.9 0.3 5.1 325 Fourth 9.2 56.9 65.0 17.9 22.6 11.3 30.8 0.2 4.9 176 Highest 11.0 66.2 59.4 28.6 26.0 11.9 29.4 0.0 14.7 47

14 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CH.8: Solid fuel use Percent distribution of households according to type of cooking fuel, and percentage of households using solid fuels for cooking, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of households using: Liquid Straw/ Solid fuels for Number of Natural Coal/ Animal Agricultural Other/mis Electricity Propane Gas Biogas Kerosene Wood shrubs/ Total cooking* households gas Charcoal dung crop residue sing (LPG) grass

Punjab 0.1 4.2 24.9 0.1 0.0 0.6 54.3 3.6 12.0 0.2 0.1 100.0 70.6 91,075

District Lodhran 0.1 2.0 4.8 0.0 - 0.5 91.3 0.6 0.5 - 0.2 100.0 92.8 1,521

Tehsil

ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Dunya Pur 0.0 2.6 0.1 0.0 - 0.3 94.8 1.2 0.6 - 0.5 100.0 96.8 430 Kehror Pacca 0.3 3.3 0.9 0.0 - 0.9 93.4 0.2 0.8 - 0.1 100.0 95.3 472 Lodhran 0.0 0.7 11.0 0.1 - 0.3 87.2 0.4 0.2 - 0.1 100.0 88.2 618

Area of residence Rural 0.1 0.8 0.7 0.0 - 0.6 96.7 0.7 0.3 - 0.2 100.0 98.3 1,302 All Urban 0.0 9.7 28.9 0.2 - 0.0 59.1 0.0 1.6 - 0.5 100.0 60.7 219 Other Urban 0.0 9.7 28.9 0.2 - 0.0 59.1 0.0 1.6 - 0.5 100.0 60.7 219

Mother's Education None 0.1 0.6 2.3 0.0 - 0.5 94.9 0.8 0.6 - 0.2 100.0 96.8 884 Primary 0.0 0.8 5.6 0.0 - 0.3 92.6 0.5 0.4 - 0.0 100.0 93.7 256 Middle 0.0 3.4 9.1 0.0 - 0.7 86.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.8 100.0 86.7 132 Secondary 0.0 5.4 9.0 0.0 - 1.1 83.2 0.0 0.7 - 0.5 100.0 85.1 165 Higher 0.7 12.6 13.3 0.5 - 0.0 72.8 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 72.8 82 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 100.0 3

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.6 98.4 0.7 0.3 - 0.0 100.0 100.0 480 Second 0.2 0.3 0.9 0.0 - 0.4 96.9 0.3 0.6 - 0.6 100.0 98.1 456 Middle 0.0 0.3 2.8 0.0 - 0.5 94.5 1.1 0.6 - 0.2 100.0 96.7 356 Fourth 0.0 7.6 17.6 0.0 - 0.7 73.1 0.0 1.0 - 0.0 100.0 74.9 172 Highest 1.1 27.6 50.3 0.7 - 0.0 20.3 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 100.0 20.3 56 15 BLANK

16 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.1: Use of improved water sources Percent distribution of household population according to main source of drinking water and percentage of household population using improved drinking water sources, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Main source of drinking water Improved sources Unimproved sources

Protected: Unprotected: Piped Tanker/ Improved Protected well outside well within or Number of Piped into into Public tap/ Hand Donkey Tubewell/ Bottled/c Cart with Surface Bottled/ Other/ source of well within dwelling/ outside Total household dwelling yard or standpipe Pump Pump turbine an water smakk water can water Missing drinking dwelling spring, dwelling/ members plot tank water* rainwater unprotected

Punjab 16.5 0.4 2.9 31.6 39.4 0.8 3.2 0.8 1.4 0.4 0.7 0.3 0.4 1.4 100.0 96.8 592,843

District Lodhran 15.1 0.3 3.7 33.8 45.6 0.6 0.2 0.1 0.4 0.3 100.0 99.2 10,392

ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Tehsil Dunya Pur 37.4 0.7 6.4 25.9 27.8 0.0 0.2 0.2 0.5 1.0 100.0 98.3 2,995 Kehror Pacca 3.0 0.0 1.9 36.4 58.1 0.4 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 99.8 3,254 Lodhran 8.5 0.2 3.2 37.6 48.6 1.2 0.2 0.0 0.4 0.2 100.0 99.4 4,143

Area of residence Rural 15.0 0.2 4.3 38.9 40.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 100.0 99.4 8,829 All Urban 15.8 0.7 0.2 5.5 75.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.5 0.1 100.0 98.4 1,563 Other Urban 15.8 0.7 0.2 5.5 75.6 0.0 0.6 0.0 1.5 0.1 100.0 98.4 1,563 Rural 15.0 0.2 4.3 38.9 40.2 0.7 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.4 100.0 99.4 8,829

Education of head of household None 12.0 0.2 4.9 42.6 38.6 0.5 0.1 0.0 0.5 0.5 100.0 99.0 5,920 Primary 16.9 0.1 2.4 33.8 46.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 100.0 99.8 1,829 Middle 21.8 0.7 2.3 23.0 51.0 0.0 0.3 0.7 0.2 0.0 100.0 99.1 909 Secondary 19.2 0.2 2.8 9.8 65.4 1.6 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.5 100.0 99.3 1,137 Higher 23.4 0.7 0.0 9.3 66.3 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 581 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.5 66.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 15

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 5.3 0.6 6.2 76.9 8.5 0.8 0.0 0.0 0.8 1.0 100.0 98.2 2,982 Second 15.6 0.1 4.9 34.1 44.3 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.2 100.0 99.5 3,118 Middle 22.0 0.1 2.0 5.8 69.4 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.4 0.0 100.0 99.6 2,589 Fourth 22.6 0.2 0.0 0.7 74.4 1.4 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1,313 Highest 16.1 0.4 0.0 0.0 83.2 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 389 17 18

Table EN.2: Household water treatment Percent distribution of household population according to drinking water treatment method used in the household, and percentage of household population that applied an appropriate water treatment method, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Improved drinking water Unimproved drinking water Water treatment method used in the household All drinking water sources sources sources ISPNA 2007-08 PUNJAB MICS Add Appropriate Strain Appropriate Number of Appropriate Number of Number of bleach/chlorine Use water Let it stand water None Boil through a Other/ DK water treatment household water treatment household household or Solar filter and settle treatment cloth method* members method members members disinfection method

Punjab 93.8 2.8 0.0 0.2 2.0 1.0 0.1 4.8 592,843 4.9 573,930 2.6 18,913

District Lodhran 97.2 0.3 0.0 0.1 1.1 0.8 0.0 1.4 10,392 1.5 10,313 0.0 79

Tehsil Dunya Pur 98.7 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 2,995 0.8 2,945 0.0 49 Kehror Pacca 96.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.5 2.1 0.0 0.6 3,254 0.6 3,247 0.0 6 Lodhran 97.2 0.6 0.0 0.0 2.0 0.3 0.0 2.6 4,143 2.6 4,120 0.0 23

Area of residence Rural 99.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.0 0.1 8,829 0.1 8,775 0.0 54 All Urban 86.2 2.0 0.0 0.6 6.9 4.4 0.0 8.9 1,563 9.0 1,538 0.0 25 Other Urban 86.2 2.0 0.0 0.6 6.9 4.4 0.0 8.9 1,563 9.0 1,538 0.0 25

Education of head of household None 99.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.5 0.0 0.3 5,920 0.3 5,860 0.0 60 Primary 97.1 0.4 0.0 0.2 0.6 0.9 0.0 1.0 1,829 1.0 1,826 0.0 3 Middle 97.4 0.2 0.0 0.2 0.9 1.3 0.0 1.1 909 1.1 901 0.0 8 Secondary 92.7 1.8 0.0 0.3 3.1 1.4 0.0 4.9 1,137 4.9 1,129 0.0 8 Higher 88.4 0.2 0.0 0.1 7.9 1.2 0.0 8.1 581 8.1 581 . 0 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 15 0.0 15 . 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 99.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 2,982 0.0 2,929 0.0 53 Second 99.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 3,118 0.0 3,101 0.0 17 Middle 97.8 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.1 1.2 0.0 0.3 2,589 0.3 2,579 0.0 10 Fourth 95.5 0.8 0.0 0.2 1.0 1.8 0.0 1.8 1,313 1.8 1,313 . 0 Highest 68.9 4.5 0.0 0.4 26.1 0.5 0.0 30.6 389 30.6 389 . 0 Table EN.3:EN.3: PhysicalPhysical access access to to source source of of water water Percent distribution of households according to time to go to source of drinking water, get water and return, and mean time to source of drinking water,MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Time to source of drinking water Mean time Less 30 minutes to source Number of Water on 1 hour DK/ than 30 to less than 1 Total of drinking households premises or more Missing minutes hour water*

Punjab 92.3 5.1 1.6 0.8 0.2 100.0 22.6 91,075

District Lodhran 93.1 4.3 1.4 1.1 0.1 100.0 23.9 1,521

Tehsil Dunya Pur 90.0 3.4 2.9 3.7 0.0 100.0 38.2 430 Kehror Pacca 96.3 2.7 0.6 0.1 0.3 100.0 15.5 472 Lodhran 92.8 6.2 1.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 13.3 618

Area of residence Rural 92.5 4.6 1.5 1.3 0.1 100.0 24.6 1,302 All Urban 96.5 2.6 0.8 0.1 0.0 100.0 15.0 219 Other Urban 96.5 2.6 0.8 0.1 0.0 100.0 15.0 219

Education of head of household None 91.3 5.1 1.9 1.5 0.1 100.0 25.4 884 Primary 95.6 2.8 1.3 0.0 0.3 100.0 17.0 256 Middle 96.0 2.5 0.0 1.5 0.0 100.0 26.7 132 Secondary 94.2 4.5 0.5 0.7 0.0 100.0 21.7 165 Higher 99.6 0.0 0.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 30.0 82 Madrasa/NSC 23.9 76.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 5.0 3

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 88.3 8.0 2.5 1.1 0.2 100.0 19.9 480 Second 92.3 4.0 1.6 1.9 0.1 100.0 30.6 456 Middle 96.6 2.1 0.6 0.7 0.0 100.0 24.4 356 Fourth 99.2 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 15.8 172 Highest 99.5 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 10.0 56

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 19 Table EN.3A: Bacteria water testing Percent distribution of household according to bacteria water testing, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of households were:

Percent of Number of households in Number of Bacteria was Bacteria was households in Total which water households present not present which water was tested was tested

Punjab 91.4 91,075 48.7 51.3 100.0 83,222

District Lodhran 90.1 1,521 67.8 32.2 100.0 1,370

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 86.9 430 77.9 22.1 100.0 374

Kehror Pacca 96.7 472 62.2 37.8 100.0 457

Lodhran 87.3 618 65.5 34.5 100.0 539

Area of residence

Rural 88.5 1,302 69.1 30.9 100.0 1,151

All Urban 99.8 219 61.0 39.0 100.0 219

Other Urban 99.8 219 61.0 39.0 100.0 219

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 88.3 480 62.9 37.1 100.0 424

Second 90.8 456 68.3 31.7 100.0 414

Middle 90.9 356 76.8 23.2 100.0 324

Fourth 92.0 172 64.8 35.2 100.0 159

Highest 89.1 56 55.2 44.8 100.0 50

20 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.5: Use of sanitary means of excreta disposal

Percent distribution of household population according to type of toilet facility used by the household, and the percentage of household population using sanitary means of excreta disposal, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Type of toilet facility used by household Percentage of Improved sanitation facility Unimproved sanitation facility population Number of Flush/pour flush to: using sanitary Ventilated Public/ Total household Piped Pit latrine Uncovered No facilities or means of Septic improved communal Other Missing members sewer Pit latrine with slab pit bush or field excreta tank pit latrine latrine system disposal*

Punjab 20.9 36.5 9.6 0.7 1.6 0.1 0.3 29.4 0.5 0.3 100.0 69.5 592,843

District Lodhran 16.6 3.8 32.2 0.7 4.4 0.0 0.2 41.2 0.9 0.0 100.0 57.7 10,392 ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Tehsil Dunya Pur 10.1 4.7 52.7 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 32.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 67.8 2,995 Kehror Pacca 23.2 2.1 28.9 0.7 0.8 0.0 0.4 43.5 0.3 0.1 100.0 55.7 3,254 Lodhran 16.1 4.4 20.0 1.1 10.3 0.0 0.2 46.0 2.0 0.0 100.0 51.9 4,143

Area of residence Rural 5.3 3.1 36.9 0.6 5.2 0.0 0.2 47.8 1.0 0.0 100.0 51.1 8,829 All Urban 80.5 7.5 5.8 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.4 4.1 0.4 0.3 100.0 94.9 1,563 Other Urban 80.5 7.5 5.8 0.9 0.2 0.0 0.4 4.1 0.4 0.3 100.0 94.9 1,563

Education of head of household None 10.3 2.1 26.9 0.8 4.6 0.0 0.2 54.0 1.0 0.1 100.0 44.7 5,920 Primary 14.3 3.1 42.6 0.0 6.2 0.0 0.3 32.7 0.7 0.0 100.0 66.3 1,829 Middle 29.9 4.7 30.7 1.1 5.1 0.0 0.2 27.5 0.7 0.0 100.0 71.5 909 Secondary 36.1 7.1 38.3 0.3 2.0 0.0 0.0 15.3 0.8 0.0 100.0 83.8 1,137 Higher 29.0 13.9 42.9 1.7 1.2 0.0 0.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 100.0 88.6 581 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 33.5 66.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 15

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.9 1.0 13.2 0.6 2.4 0.0 0.0 80.8 1.2 0.0 100.0 18.0 2,982 Second 7.7 1.6 34.0 1.4 5.1 0.0 0.7 49.1 0.4 0.0 100.0 49.9 3,118 Middle 21.3 5.9 53.1 0.0 5.3 0.0 0.0 13.4 0.8 0.2 100.0 85.7 2,589 Fourth 45.8 9.9 36.0 0.8 5.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 1.6 0.0 100.0 98.4 1,313 Highest 78.1 8.6 10.5 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 389 21 Table EN.7: Use of improved water sources and improved sanitation Percentage of household population using both improved drinking water sources and sanitary means of excreta disposal, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of household population:

Using improved sources Using improved Using sanitary Number of of drinking water and sources of drinking means of excreta household using sanitary means of water* disposal** members excreta disposal***

Punjab 96.8 69.5 67.5 592,843

District Lodhran 99.2 57.7 57.5 10,392

Tehsil Dunya Pur 98.3 67.8 67.6 2,995 Kehror Pacca 99.8 55.7 55.6 3,254 Lodhran 99.4 51.9 51.6 4,143

Area of residence Rural 99.4 51.1 51.0 8,829 All Urban 98.4 94.9 94.0 1,563 Other Urban 98.4 94.9 94.0 1,563

Education of head of household None 99.0 44.7 44.5 5,920 Primary 99.8 66.3 66.3 1,829 Middle 99.1 71.5 71.3 909 Secondary 99.3 83.8 83.1 1,137 Higher 100.0 88.6 88.6 581 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 100.0 100.0 15

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 98.2 18.0 18.0 2,982 Second 99.5 49.9 49.5 3,118 Middle 99.6 85.7 85.4 2,589 Fourth 100.0 98.4 98.4 1,313 Highest 100.0 100.0 100.0 389

22 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.11A: Disposal of waste water Percent distribution of household population according to disposal of waste water, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Waste water disposal Sewerage Sewerage Open Proper Pit in or No Number of connected connected Septic street or disposal outside response/ households with main with open tank open of waste house DK line drain fields water

Punjab 19.3 30.2 7.4 10.9 32.1 0.1 56.8 592,843

District Lodhran 13.3 8.4 2.6 27.0 48.7 - 24.3 10,392

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 8.9 3.4 5.3 45.6 36.7 - 17.6 2,995 Kehror Pacca 12.6 13.7 2.7 24.0 47.1 - 28.9 3,254 Lodhran 17.1 7.8 0.5 15.8 58.7 - 25.5 4,143

Area of residence

Rural 5.7 4.4 2.9 30.7 56.2 - 13.0 8,829 All Urban 56.7 30.8 0.6 5.8 6.2 - 88.0 1,563 Other Urban 56.7 30.8 0.6 5.8 6.2 - 88.0 1,563

Education of head of household

None 7.9 6.6 1.6 23.5 60.4 - 16.1 5,920 Primary 13.3 8.8 2.1 36.2 39.6 - 24.2 1,829 Middle 23.9 11.1 4.9 25.0 35.2 - 39.8 909 Secondary 28.0 13.6 4.7 31.3 22.4 - 46.2 1,137 Higher 23.8 11.1 6.6 27.0 31.5 - 41.6 581 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 66.5 33.5 - 0.0 15

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 1.1 2.0 0.8 18.2 77.9 - 3.9 2,982 Second 6.2 7.1 2.6 25.5 58.6 - 15.9 3,118 Middle 16.4 11.6 3.8 40.8 27.5 - 31.7 2,589 Fourth 34.1 19.6 3.3 28.8 14.2 - 57.0 1,313 Highest 73.5 9.0 5.7 7.5 4.3 - 88.2 389

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 23 Table EN.11B: Disposal of solid waste

Percent distribution of household population according to disposal of solid waste, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Solid waste disposal Disposed of Private Proper Collected by solid company No disposal Number of by any In open In open waste vechicle response/ of solid households municipal streets fields management collects DK wastewater institution deptt from home

Punjab 7.8 1.8 4.5 7.7 78.1 0.1 14.1 592,843

District Lodhran 3.6 0.5 0.2 13.7 81.9 0.1 4.3 10,392

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 3.5 0.1 0.0 17.4 78.9 0.1 3.6 2,995 Kehror Pacca 3.4 0.3 0.5 17.9 77.6 0.2 4.2 3,254 Lodhran 3.7 0.9 0.2 7.7 87.4 0.0 4.9 4,143

Area of residence

Rural 0.3 0.0 0.1 12.6 87.0 0.0 0.5 8,829 All Urban 21.8 3.4 1.0 19.9 53.3 0.7 26.1 1,563 Other Urban 21.8 3.4 1.0 19.9 53.3 0.7 26.1 1,563

Education of head of household

None 2.1 0.2 0.3 11.7 85.6 0.1 2.6 5,920 Primary 2.0 0.1 0.2 14.0 83.7 0.0 2.3 1,829 Middle 4.8 1.8 0.6 16.5 76.2 0.0 7.3 909 Secondary 9.8 0.5 0.0 18.4 70.9 0.4 10.4 1,137 Higher 8.9 2.4 0.0 20.2 68.5 0.0 11.3 581 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 15

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.6 0.0 0.3 9.0 90.0 0.1 0.9 2,982 Second 0.9 0.0 0.0 12.0 86.9 0.1 0.9 3,118 Middle 2.7 0.3 0.1 16.8 80.0 0.0 3.2 2,589 Fourth 10.2 1.6 0.4 20.7 66.7 0.3 12.3 1,313 Highest 30.7 5.8 1.5 18.4 43.6 0.0 38.0 389

24 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table EN.12A: Hands washing before meal Percent distribution of household population according to hands washing before meal, MICS

Hand washing before meal Proper All Some Number of All with Some hand without without No one households soap with soap washing soap soap

Punjab 44.5 12.2 31.1 6.8 5.4 56.5 592,843

District Lodhran 28.5 19.5 43.6 5.9 2.5 48.0 10,392

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 37.8 21.6 35.3 3.0 2.2 59.5 2,995

Kehror Pacca 33.0 11.4 42.0 9.3 4.2 44.3 3,254

Lodhran 18.2 24.4 50.8 5.3 1.3 42.6 4,143

Area of residence

Rural 25.8 22.9 44.3 4.2 2.8 48.6 8,829

All Urban 43.9 0.8 39.6 15.3 0.5 44.6 1,563

Other Urban 43.9 0.8 39.6 15.3 0.5 44.6 1,563

Education of head of household

None 19.9 24.3 45.4 6.9 3.5 44.2 5,920

Primary 33.2 14.7 46.3 3.5 2.3 47.9 1,829

Middle 35.3 18.3 39.5 6.8 0.1 53.6 909

Secondary 42.5 12.3 39.2 5.2 0.7 54.8 1,137

Higher 63.2 2.5 30.7 3.6 0.0 65.2 581

Madrasa/NSC 33.5 0.0 66.5 0.0 0.0 33.5 15

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 13.0 31.4 43.6 6.4 5.7 44.3 2,982

Second 17.2 24.7 48.5 7.5 2.2 41.8 3,118

Middle 36.7 11.0 46.5 5.0 0.8 47.8 2,589

Fourth 57.8 3.1 34.4 4.6 0.1 60.8 1,313

Highest 83.8 0.0 16.2 0.0 0.0 83.8 389

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 25 Table EN.12B: Hands washing after using latrine Percent distribution of household population according to hands washing after using latrine, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Hand washing after latrine Proper All Some Some No Number of All with hand without with without No one response/ households soap washing soap soap soap DK

Punjab 57.8 8.2 25.4 6.2 2.4 0.1 65.9 592,843

District Lodhran 43.0 9.5 41.8 4.0 1.7 - 52.4 10,392

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 53.3 12.0 28.9 3.6 2.2 - 65.2 2,995 Kehror Pacca 47.1 7.4 35.9 7.2 2.3 - 54.4 3,254 Lodhran 32.4 9.3 55.6 1.8 0.8 - 41.7 4,143

Area of residence

Rural 40.9 10.8 43.6 2.8 1.9 - 51.6 8,829 All Urban 55.1 2.0 31.5 11.0 0.4 - 57.1 1,563 Other Urban 55.1 2.0 31.5 11.0 0.4 - 57.1 1,563

Education of head of household

None 34.4 12.2 46.1 4.7 2.6 - 46.5 5,920 Primary 46.4 6.2 44.2 2.0 1.2 - 52.6 1,829 Middle 54.8 10.7 31.8 2.6 0.0 - 65.5 909 Secondary 58.5 4.3 32.2 5.0 0.0 - 62.8 1,137 Higher 71.7 1.0 23.5 3.8 0.0 - 72.1 581 Madrasa/NSC 33.5 0.0 66.5 0.0 0.0 - 33.5 15

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 23.4 17.6 49.9 5.3 3.8 - 40.9 2,982 Second 33.1 11.8 49.8 3.6 1.7 - 44.8 3,118 Middle 55.8 2.6 37.1 4.2 0.3 - 58.4 2,589 Fourth 72.5 2.0 22.6 2.9 0.0 - 74.5 1,313 Highest 88.1 0.5 11.4 0.0 0.0 - 88.6 389

26 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table RH.1: Use of contraception

Percentage of women aged 15-49 years currently married who are using (or whose partner is using) a contraceptive method, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of women (currently married) who are using: Number of Not using women any Any Any Female Male Foam/ Periodic Any currently method Pill IUD Injections Condom LAM Withdrawal Other Total modern traditional sterilization sterilization jelly abstinence method *married method method

Punjab 67.8 7.7 0.1 2.4 3.7 2.5 8.6 0.1 2.3 2.2 2.4 0.2 100.0 25.1 7.1 32.2 83,389

District Lodhran 76.9 6.2 0.1 3.4 3.6 1.8 2.9 0.7 2.0 1.0 1.1 0.4 100.0 18.6 4.5 23.1 1,511

Tehsil Dunya Pur 79.9 6.6 0.3 4.7 1.8 2.6 2.1 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.2 0.5 100.0 18.1 2.0 20.1 440 Kehror Pacca 81.3 6.1 0.1 2.5 3.6 1.9 1.8 0.0 0.1 1.2 1.1 0.3 100.0 16.0 2.7 18.7 473 Lodhran 71.2 6.0 0.0 3.1 4.9 1.1 4.3 1.7 4.8 1.5 1.1 0.4 100.0 21.1 7.8 28.8 598

Area of residence Rural 76.6 6.1 0.1 3.5 3.8 1.7 2.3 0.8 2.4 1.0 1.3 0.5 100.0 18.3 5.1 23.4 1,288 ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE All Urban 78.3 6.9 0.0 2.8 2.2 2.5 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.3 100.0 20.6 1.1 21.7 223 Other Urban 78.3 6.9 0.0 2.8 2.2 2.5 6.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.1 0.3 100.0 20.6 1.1 21.7 223 Age 15-19 88.8 0.0 0.0 0.7 2.0 0.0 5.2 0.0 2.9 0.0 0.0 0.4 100.0 7.9 3.3 11.2 68 20-24 85.4 0.0 0.0 0.8 4.0 2.0 3.2 0.0 3.8 0.0 0.4 0.5 100.0 9.9 4.7 14.6 212 25-29 80.8 2.2 0.0 3.0 2.9 2.3 2.5 0.0 2.6 2.4 0.3 1.1 100.0 12.9 6.3 19.2 364 30-34 74.4 8.5 0.0 4.1 2.3 1.9 4.3 1.6 2.0 0.2 0.8 0.0 100.0 22.6 3.0 25.6 245 35-39 69.1 9.4 0.0 4.9 6.1 0.4 2.9 1.3 1.4 1.2 3.3 0.0 100.0 25.0 5.9 30.9 290 40-44 68.3 12.1 0.2 5.3 5.0 2.4 1.8 1.2 0.9 0.5 1.8 0.6 100.0 27.9 3.8 31.7 202 45-49 81.4 10.1 0.9 2.3 0.2 3.1 1.2 0.0 0.0 0.7 0.0 0.0 100.0 17.9 0.7 18.6 130

Number of living children 0 99.1 0.8 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.9 0.0 0.9 229 1-2 86.2 1.8 0.0 1.7 2.1 1.1 3.3 0.0 2.1 0.5 0.6 0.4 100.0 10.1 3.7 13.8 410 3-4 69.6 5.9 0.0 3.7 6.2 3.5 2.7 0.5 3.1 2.1 2.0 0.8 100.0 22.4 8.0 30.4 421 4+ 63.9 13.4 0.3 6.2 4.3 1.8 4.0 1.8 1.9 0.8 1.4 0.3 100.0 31.8 4.3 36.1 449 Missing 73.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 26.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 26.9 0.0 26.9 1

Mother's Education None 76.7 7.0 0.1 3.2 4.1 1.7 2.0 0.8 2.0 0.9 1.0 0.4 100.0 19.0 4.3 23.3 1,228 Primary 76.9 3.2 0.0 5.8 2.2 1.1 5.0 0.0 2.7 1.3 1.7 0.0 100.0 17.4 5.7 23.1 126 Middle 87.0 1.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.6 6.4 0.0 0.0 1.2 0.0 0.0 100.0 11.8 1.2 13.0 47 Secondary 71.7 1.7 0.0 5.5 0.0 5.0 11.3 0.0 2.0 0.0 1.5 1.3 100.0 23.5 4.8 28.3 66 Higher 78.1 3.2 0.0 0.5 3.0 1.4 4.1 0.0 2.7 4.5 2.5 0.0 100.0 12.2 9.8 21.9 42 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 77.7 7.8 0.0 2.5 3.2 1.1 1.2 0.9 1.7 1.1 2.2 0.6 100.0 16.8 5.5 22.3 430 Second 74.1 6.3 0.3 5.5 4.2 2.1 1.7 1.0 3.0 1.2 0.6 0.0 100.0 21.2 4.7 25.9 450 Middle 78.7 4.8 0.0 2.2 4.2 2.2 3.7 0.5 1.5 0.7 0.5 0.8 100.0 17.7 3.6 21.3 377 Fourth 78.2 5.0 0.0 2.6 2.5 2.3 5.9 0.0 1.4 0.8 1.0 0.3 100.0 18.3 3.5 21.8 198 Highest 76.1 7.0 0.0 3.1 0.5 0.0 8.8 0.0 2.0 0.6 1.9 0.0 100.0 19.3 4.5 23.9 56 27 28 Table RH.1A: Contraceptive drop out

0DUULHGZRPHQDJHG²\HDUVZKRXVHGFRQWUDFHSWLRQSUHYLRXVO\EXWGRQRWFXUUHQWO\3XQMDE0,&6²

Reason for discontinuing contraception Percentage of Number of women ever women who ever Number of

ISPNA 2007-08 PUNJAB MICS used but are not Total used but are not women Want Contraceptive Woman/ No currently using Religious Want a Terminated Side currently using another products too husband is Menopause reason/ Missing contraceptives reasons son temporarily effects contraceptives child expensive ill Other

Punjab 4.3 83,389 11.3 35.8 9.3 1.0 3.5 7.3 6.2 7.3 9.5 8.7 100.0 3,601

District Lodhran 3.6 1,511 15.4 10.1 9.4 - 11.5 - 14.9 1.0 4.1 33.7 100.0 54

Tehsil Dunya Pur 4.0 440 18.4 22.9 8.6 - 2.1 - 0.0 0.0 10.7 37.3 100.0 18 Kehror Pacca 4.4 473 4.5 0.0 0.0 - 21.5 - 16.6 0.0 0.0 57.4 100.0 21 Lodhran 2.7 598 24.8 5.0 21.9 - 11.9 - 33.0 3.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 16

Area of residence Rural 3.1 1,288 11.0 10.4 11.2 - 7.1 - 17.8 0.0 4.9 37.6 100.0 40 All Urban 6.3 223 37.8 8.5 0.0 - 33.9 - 0.0 6.0 0.0 13.8 100.0 14 Other Urban 6.3 223 37.8 8.5 0.0 - 33.9 - 0.0 6.0 0.0 13.8 100.0 14

Number of living children 00.8229 1.0 2.9 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 3.3 7.2 2 1-2 2.9 410 5.0 1.4 0.0 - 3.1 - 5.0 0.0 0.0 2.7 17.1 12 3-4 5.7 421 3.7 5.8 9.4 - 2.5 - 2.4 1.0 4.1 8.8 37.7 24 4+ 3.7 449 5.7 0.0 0.0 - 5.9 - 7.5 0.0 0.0 18.8 38.0 16 Missing 36.5 1 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Mother's Education None 3.3 1,228 14.1 10.4 11.3 - 13.8 - 11.9 1.2 0.0 37.3 100.0 40 Primary 2.6 126 39.5 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 60.5 100.0 3 Middle 10.1 47 20.1 14.3 0.0 - 0.0 - 51.5 0.0 0.0 14.1 100.0 5 Secondary 6.7 66 18.20.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 - - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 42 HigherMadrasa/NSC 3.8 0.0 421 0.0 0.0 0.0 - 0.0 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 2.6 430 18.6 12.7 27.1 - 13.5 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 28.0 100.0 11 Second 2.9 450 0.0 16.8 9.4 - 4.2 - 9.4 0.0 0.0 60.2 100.0 13 Middle 4.1 377 8.0 0.0 0.0 - 14.8 - 60.5 0.0 0.0 16.7 100.0 16 Fourth 5.4 198 42.5 7.5 0.0 - 4.4 - 0.0 5.4 22.0 18.1 100.0 11 Highest 7.4 56 35.6 0.0 0.0 - 64.4 - 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 4 Table RH.2: Unwilling pregnancy Percentage of pregnant women aged 15-49 years currently married by desire to get pregnant, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Wanted to get pregnant? Percentage of un- Number of Did not want Now Later Missing willing pregnant more children pregnancy women

Punjab 67.0 21.2 4.3 7.6 25.5 9,272

District Lodhran 64.1 22.3 4.2 9.4 26.5 195

Tehsil Dunya Pur 49.7 36.2 0.4 13.7 36.6 66 Kehror Pacca 70.7 15.3 10.3 3.7 25.6 49 Lodhran 72.0 15.2 3.5 9.3 18.8 81

Area of residence Rural 65.1 21.5 2.8 10.6 24.3 169 All Urban 58.0 27.7 12.5 1.8 40.2 27 Other Urban 58.0 27.7 12.5 1.8 40.2 27

Number of living children 0 93.3 4.3 0.0 2.4 4.3 49 1-2 60.8 26.6 0.4 12.2 27.0 72 3-4 57.8 28.9 3.0 10.4 31.9 54 4+ 20.9 33.9 31.5 13.7 65.4 20 Missing 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Mother's Education None 65.0 20.7 4.5 9.9 25.2 145 Primary 61.8 27.4 5.9 4.9 33.3 23 Middle 66.3 22.6 0.0 11.1 22.6 10 Secondary 66.7 26.4 2.7 4.2 29.0 11 Higher 43.4 34.4 0.0 22.2 34.4 6

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 70.1 19.5 5.3 5.0 24.8 57 Second 64.6 23.1 1.3 11.1 24.4 49 Middle 54.1 28.8 4.7 12.5 33.4 48 Fourth 65.0 18.1 4.2 12.7 22.3 31 Highest 74.6 15.9 9.5 0.0 25.4 9

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 29 Table RH.3: AntenatalAntenatal care care Provider 3HUVRQVSURYLGLQJDQWHQDWDOFDUHWRZRPHQDJHG²ZKRJDYHELUWKLQWKHSUHFHGLQJWZR\HDUV3XQMDE 0,&6²

Person providing antenatal care** Number of Tradi- No Any women who Med- Nurse/ Lady Lady tional antenatal skilled gave birth in Relative/ Other/ Total ical mid- health health birth care perso- the Friend missing doctor wife visitor worker atten- received nnel* preceding dant two years

Punjab 41.2 6.6 4.9 0.8 26.4 0.4 2.3 17.4 100.0 52.7 29,696

District Lodhran 39.9 3.9 2.0 1.1 16.5 - 2.7 34.1 100.0 45.7 566

Tehsil Dunya Pur 43.8 3.0 2.7 1.6 23.0 - 0.0 26.0 100.0 49.4 160 Kehror Pacca 32.8 5.3 3.1 0.9 12.1 - 6.2 39.7 100.0 41.2 176 Lodhran 42.5 3.4 0.6 0.8 15.3 - 1.9 35.5 100.0 46.5 230

Area of residence Rural 37.1 4.4 2.2 1.0 16.4 - 2.9 36.0 100.0 43.7 489 All Urban 57.1 0.3 0.8 1.3 16.9 - 1.4 22.2 100.0 58.3 77 Other Urban 57.1 0.3 0.8 1.3 16.9 - 1.4 22.2 100.0 58.3 77

Age 15-19 58.2 4.5 0.0 0.0 3.8 - 0.0 33.5 100.0 62.7 30 20-24 39.8 3.9 2.1 2.5 14.5 - 6.6 30.6 100.0 45.8 108 25-29 40.8 4.6 1.9 0.6 15.7 - 2.3 34.2 100.0 47.2 203 30-34 49.0 1.8 4.6 1.9 16.5 - 2.6 23.7 100.0 55.3 100 35-39 24.3 3.3 0.7 0.3 24.1 - 1.0 46.4 100.0 28.3 81 40-44 30.1 7.9 0.0 0.0 21.2 - 0.0 40.8 100.0 38.0 34 45-49 34.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 14.2 - 0.0 51.7 100.0 34.1 11

Mother's Education None 32.1 4.2 1.8 1.1 18.4 - 2.9 39.5 100.0 38.1 448 Primary 55.5 1.8 4.2 0.0 11.7 - 0.0 26.7 100.0 61.5 50 Middle 61.3 1.9 5.4 4.9 8.9 - 4.9 12.6 100.0 68.6 21 Secondary 85.3 7.1 0.0 0.0 2.4 - 5.3 0.0 100.0 92.4 25 Higher 89.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 10.4 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 89.6 22

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 23.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 22.6 - 2.1 45.7 100.0 27.6 171 Second 31.4 3.6 3.4 0.7 19.7 - 3.3 37.9 100.0 38.4 171 Middle 47.1 6.8 1.2 0.8 11.8 - 3.3 29.0 100.0 55.1 135 Fourth 74.8 3.9 0.0 0.7 5.7 - 1.8 13.1 100.0 78.7 69 Highest 85.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 4.4 - 1.6 8.5 100.0 85.5 20

30 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table RH.5: Assistance during delivery Percent distribution of women aged 15-49 with a birth in two years preceding the survey by type of personnel assisting at delivery, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Person assisting at delivery Number of Any women Tradi- Delivered skilled who gave Med- Lady Lady tional No Total in health Nurse/ Relative/ Other/mi perso- birth in ical health health birth atten- facility** mid-wife Friend ssing nnel* preceding doctor visitor worker atten- dant two years dant

Punjab 32.8 6.0 3.8 0.6 54.5 1.0 1.0 0.4 100.0 42.6 38.3 29,696

District Lodhran 24.4 5.2 0.9 0.3 66.8 - 1.2 1.1 100.0 30.5 28.3 566

Tehsil Dunya Pur 35.0 3.4 0.7 0.1 56.8 - 3.2 0.7 100.0 39.2 39.2 160 Kehror Pacca 21.5 4.6 0.8 0.9 69.2 - 1.1 2.1 100.0 26.8 23.8 176 Lodhran 19.2 6.8 1.2 0.0 72.0 - 0.0 0.7 100.0 27.3 24.1 230

Area of residence Rural 21.9 5.6 1.1 0.2 68.8 - 1.3 1.1 100.0 28.6 26.3 489 All Urban 39.8 2.3 0.0 0.9 54.5 - 0.9 1.6 100.0 42.1 40.6 77 Other Urban 39.8 2.3 0.0 0.9 54.5 - 0.9 1.6 100.0 42.1 40.6 77

Age 15-19 18.5 16.3 0.0 0.0 64.2 - 0.0 1.1 100.0 34.8 35.8 30 20-24 26.1 2.3 0.6 1.4 67.6 - 2.0 0.0 100.0 28.9 28.3 108 25-29 26.4 4.5 0.3 0.0 67.0 - 0.6 1.1 100.0 31.2 27.7 203 30-34 30.7 2.4 1.1 0.2 62.1 - 2.3 1.1 100.0 34.2 33.7 100 35-39 16.8 4.9 3.4 0.0 70.9 - 1.4 2.5 100.0 25.2 22.6 81 40-44 15.3 19.2 0.0 0.0 65.5 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 34.5 27.4 34 45-49 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 80.3 - 0.0 7.1 100.0 12.6 12.6 11

Mother's Education None 18.0 6.1 0.9 0.1 72.1 - 1.3 1.4 100.0 25.1 23.1 448 Primary 40.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 56.7 - 2.6 0.0 100.0 40.7 40.7 50 Middle 35.7 5.6 5.4 6.1 47.3 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 46.7 42.1 21 Secondary 49.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 50.4 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 49.6 49.6 25 Higher 76.9 2.6 0.0 0.0 20.5 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 79.5 68.0 22

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 14.9 5.5 2.4 0.0 74.3 - 0.4 2.4 100.0 22.8 21.3 171 Second 16.6 4.7 0.7 0.0 76.1 - 1.6 0.3 100.0 22.0 19.5 171 Middle 28.2 7.9 0.0 0.8 59.2 - 2.6 1.3 100.0 36.1 34.2 135 Fourth 44.9 1.5 0.0 1.0 52.6 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 46.4 44.4 69 Highest 76.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 - 0.0 0.0 100.0 76.3 68.5 20

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 31 Table RH.5A: Postnatal care provider 3HUVRQVSURYLGLQJSRVWQDWDOFDUHWRZRPHQDJHG²ZKRJDYHELUWKLQWKHSUHFHGLQJWZR\HDUV3XQMDE 0,&6²

Person providing postnatal care Number of No Any Tradi- women who postnatal skilled Med- Nurse/ Lady Lady tional Total gave birth in Relative/F Other/mi care perso- ical mid- health health birth the preceding riend ssing received nnel* doctor wife visitor worker atten- two years dant

Punjab 31.7 5.6 3.6 0.7 51.8 1.0 1.6 4.0 100.0 40.9 29,696

District Lodhran 23.0 5.1 0.9 0.6 66.1 0.3 3.5 0.6 100.0 29.0 566

Tehsil Dunya Pur 31.5 3.4 0.7 1.0 56.6 0.0 6.7 0.0 100.0 35.7 160 Kehror Pacca 20.9 4.2 0.8 0.9 68.0 1.0 3.7 0.7 100.0 25.8 176 Lodhran 18.8 6.8 1.2 0.0 71.3 0.0 1.0 0.8 100.0 26.8 230

Area of residence Rural 20.6 5.5 1.1 0.5 68.1 0.2 3.7 0.3 100.0 27.2 489 All Urban 38.4 2.3 0.0 0.9 53.4 0.7 2.3 2.0 100.0 40.7 77 Other Urban 38.4 2.3 0.0 0.9 53.4 0.7 2.3 2.0 100.0 40.7 77

Age 15-19 16.8 16.3 0.0 0.0 64.2 0.0 2.8 0.0 100.0 33.1 30 20-24 23.3 2.3 0.6 1.4 63.8 1.6 6.7 0.3 100.0 26.2 108 25-29 24.8 4.2 0.3 0.7 65.3 0.0 3.6 1.1 100.0 29.3 203 30-34 29.7 2.4 1.1 0.2 63.2 0.0 3.4 0.0 100.0 33.2 100 35-39 16.8 4.9 3.4 0.0 72.9 0.0 1.2 0.7 100.0 25.2 81 40-44 15.3 19.2 0.0 0.0 65.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 34.5 34 45-49 12.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 87.4 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 12.6 11

Mother's Education None 16.6 6.0 0.9 0.4 71.3 0.4 3.8 0.6 100.0 23.5 448 Primary 40.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 58.6 0.0 0.0 0.7 100.0 40.7 50 Middle 35.7 5.6 5.4 6.1 44.4 0.0 2.9 0.0 100.0 46.7 21 Secondary 49.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 47.3 0.0 3.1 0.0 100.0 49.6 25 Higher 71.1 2.6 0.0 0.0 20.5 0.0 5.9 0.0 100.0 73.7 22

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 13.6 5.5 2.4 0.0 74.3 0.0 3.2 0.9 100.0 21.6 171 Second 14.1 4.7 0.7 0.0 76.2 0.0 4.0 0.3 100.0 19.5 171 Middle 28.2 7.5 0.0 1.8 56.8 1.2 4.0 0.5 100.0 35.7 135 Fourth 44.9 1.5 0.0 1.0 51.2 0.0 0.9 0.5 100.0 46.4 69 Highest 69.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 23.7 0.0 6.5 0.0 100.0 69.8 20

32 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table RH.7: Currently married women by age Table RH.7: Crrently married women by age Percentage of currently married women aged 15-49 years by age, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Age group in years Number of Total married 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 women 15-49

Punjab 3.2 13.9 21.5 18.8 18.3 14.2 10.2 100.0 83,389

District Lodhran 4.5 14.0 24.1 16.2 19.2 13.4 8.6 100.0 1,511

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 3.5 11.0 25.9 16.9 18.7 13.6 10.5 100.0 440

Kehror Pacca 4.7 16.6 21.7 17.4 19.4 13.2 7.0 100.0 473

Lodhran 5.1 14.1 24.6 14.8 19.4 13.4 8.5 100.0 598

Area of residence

Rural 4.3 13.7 24.8 15.7 19.6 13.3 8.6 100.0 1,288

All Urban 5.3 15.8 20.1 19.3 16.9 13.7 8.8 100.0 223

Other Urban 5.3 15.8 20.1 19.3 16.9 13.7 8.8 100.0 223

Mother's Education

None 3.6 11.5 23.1 15.8 20.8 15.0 10.1 100.0 1,228

Primary 11.6 19.2 30.6 16.2 12.4 7.7 2.2 100.0 126

Middle 8.9 29.8 31.4 12.3 12.5 3.6 1.5 100.0 47

Secondary 4.9 35.0 18.0 20.8 10.9 8.6 1.9 100.0 66

Higher 2.7 19.8 34.3 25.8 14.2 3.2 0.0 100.0 42

Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 4.8 12.3 22.4 16.8 23.0 14.7 5.9 100.0 430

Second 3.8 14.3 26.3 15.6 16.8 13.1 10.0 100.0 450

Middle 5.3 14.1 23.0 14.2 19.4 13.1 10.9 100.0 377

Fourth 4.2 16.3 23.6 18.1 17.2 13.1 7.5 100.0 198

Highest 2.1 15.6 27.9 23.7 14.7 8.2 7.8 100.0 56

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 33 BLANK

34 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.8A: Literacy rate (10 years and older) Percentage of household members aged 10 years or more who are literate, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Number of Number of Number of Literacy Literacy Literacy Household Household Household rate* rate* rate* members members members

Punjab 68.7 227,607 49.5 217,054 59.3 444,661

District Lodhran 58.6 3,943 29.1 3,628 44.5 7,572

Tehsil Dunya Pur 65.3 1,178 35.8 1,073 51.2 2,251 Kehror Pacca 55.7 1,215 26.7 1,156 41.5 2,371 Lodhran 55.9 1,551 26.0 1,398 41.7 2,950

Area of residence Rural 56.1 3,354 25.3 3,070 41.4 6,424 All Urban 72.7 590 50.2 558 61.8 1,147 Other Urban 72.7 590 50.2 558 61.8 1,147

Age 10 - 14 68.1 744 56.6 569 63.1 1,312 15 - 19 73.5 614 48.8 574 61.6 1,189 20 - 24 72.4 434 38.5 439 55.3 873 25 - 29 65.2 440 28.2 469 46.1 909 30 - 34 63.7 292 22.1 270 43.7 562 35 - 39 47.9 302 14.3 307 31.0 609 40 - 44 48.7 237 9.4 204 30.5 441 45 - 49 46.1 198 5.2 148 28.6 346 50 - 54 41.1 135 3.2 181 19.4 317 55 - 59 38.6 134 4.2 130 21.7 264 60 - 64 32.9 142 5.2 128 19.8 270 65 - 69 25.7 88 3.2 88 14.5 177 70 - 74 21.8 111 2.7 59 15.2 170 75 + 20.0 71 0.5 62 10.9 134

Education None 36.6 2,267 17.4 2,035 27.5 4,302 Primary 84.8 713 32.9 642 60.2 1,355 Middle 87.4 331 42.1 330 64.8 662 Secondary 91.0 427 51.2 400 71.8 827 Higher 97.8 203 67.2 213 82.1 416 Madrasa/NSC 50.0 3 44.9 7 46.2 10

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 34.9 1,082 10.1 977 23.1 2,059 Second 53.2 1,186 20.1 1,123 37.1 2,309 Middle 71.2 1,010 38.3 901 55.7 1,910 Fourth 86.2 506 58.5 482 72.7 988 Highest 92.7 160 71.9 146 82.8 305

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 35 Table ED.8B: Literacy rate (15 years and older)

Percentage of household members aged 15 years or more who are literate, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Number of Number of Number of Literacy Literacy Literacy Household Household Household rate* rate* rate* members members members

Punjab 66.1 189,685 44.7 182,312 55.6 371,997

District Lodhran 56.4 3,200 24.0 3,060 40.6 6,259

Tehsil Dunya Pur 63.7 960 31.1 942 47.6 1,902 Kehror Pacca 53.4 991 21.8 955 37.9 1,946 Lodhran 53.2 1,248 20.0 1,163 37.2 2,411

Area of residence Rural 53.6 2,715 20.4 2,604 37.4 5,318 All Urban 72.1 485 44.4 456 58.7 941 Other Urban 72.1 485 44.4 456 58.7 941

Age 15 - 19 73.5 614 48.8 574 61.6 1,189 20 - 24 72.4 434 38.5 439 55.3 873 25 - 29 65.2 440 28.2 469 46.1 909 30 - 34 63.7 292 22.1 270 43.7 562 35 - 39 47.9 302 14.3 307 31.0 609 40 - 44 48.7 237 9.4 204 30.5 441 45 - 49 46.1 198 5.2 148 28.6 346 50 - 54 41.1 135 3.2 181 19.4 317 55 - 59 38.6 134 4.2 130 21.7 264 60 - 64 32.9 142 5.2 128 19.8 270 65 - 69 25.7 88 3.2 88 14.5 177 70 - 74 21.8 111 2.7 59 15.2 170 75 + 20.0 71 0.5 62 10.9 134

Education None 31.5 1,834 13.0 1,729 22.5 3,563 Primary 86.5 591 26.4 540 57.8 1,131 Middle 88.5 270 36.8 272 62.6 542 Secondary 93.4 338 47.0 340 70.1 678 Higher 97.8 164 60.0 174 78.4 338 Madrasa/NSC 50.0 3 62.0 5 58.1 8

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 30.5 845 7.0 824 18.9 1,669 Second 49.9 968 14.0 937 32.2 1,904 Middle 69.4 823 31.5 758 51.2 1,581 Fourth 85.6 425 52.7 412 69.4 837 Highest 93.9 139 68.6 130 81.7 269

36 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.8C: Literacy rate (15-24 years)

Percentage of household members aged 15-24 years who are literate, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total

Number of Number of Number of Literacy Literacy Literacy Household Household Household rate rate rate members members members

Punjab 79.0 64,064 67.7 63,807 73.3 127,872

District Lodhran 73.0 1,048 44.3 1,013 58.9 2,061

Tehsil Dunya Pur 84.4 303 55.8 298 70.2 601 Kehror Pacca 68.8 336 41.2 349 54.8 684 Lodhran 68.1 409 37.9 367 53.8 776

Area of residence Rural 71.1 864 39.1 842 55.3 1,706 All Urban 82.3 184 70.1 171 76.4 355 Other Urban 82.3 184 70.1 171 76.4 355

Age 15 - 19 73.5 614 48.8 574 61.6 1,189 20 - 24 72.4 434 38.5 439 55.3 873

Education None 61.9 581 26.8 575 44.4 1,156 Primary 85.5 212 54.8 190 71.0 402 Middle 81.9 98 67.6 90 75.0 189 Secondary 90.0 104 78.7 109 84.2 212 Higher 95.9 52 89.8 50 92.9 102

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 53.6 249 17.1 253 35.2 502 Second 64.6 314 29.0 325 46.4 639 Middle 83.9 292 60.7 262 72.9 554 Fourth 93.9 146 85.4 131 89.9 277 Highest 100.0 47 97.8 41 99.0 88

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 37 Table ED.1: Pre-school attendanceattendance Percentage of children aged 3-4 years who are attending pre-school, MICS Punjab, 2007-08 Male Female Total Percentage of Percentage of Percentage of children aged Number of children aged Number of children aged Number of 3-4 years children 3-4 years children 3-4 years children aged currently aged 3-4 currently aged 3-4 currently 3-4 years attending years attending years attending preschool preschool preschool

Punjab 13.8 14,977 13.2 14,323 13.5 29,300

District Lodhran 12.6 312 10.5 289 11.6 601

Tehsil Dunya Pur 14.5 81 13.2 78 13.9 160 Kehror Pacca 9.2 107 4.8 87 7.2 194 Lodhran 14.4 124 12.8 123 13.6 247

Area of residence Rural 12.0 268 9.7 250 10.9 518 All Urban 16.7 44 15.6 39 16.2 83 Other Urban 16.7 44 15.6 39 16.2 83

Age 3 3.1 149 3.5 142 3.3 291 4 21.3 163 17.2 147 19.4 310

Education None 9.0 251 8.0 245 8.5 496 Primary 19.1 30 23.4 15 20.5 45 Middle 12.2 9 3.3 10 7.5 20 Secondary 50.7 13 35.8 14 43.0 27 Higher 38.9 9 41.0 4 39.6 13

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 9.7 107 5.4 89 7.7 196 Second 10.6 81 9.5 83 10.0 164 Middle 14.2 82 7.3 67 11.1 148 Fourth 17.0 31 20.9 42 19.3 73 Highest 32.9 11 46.5 8 38.8 20

38 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.2: Primary school entry Percentage of children of primary school entry age attending grade 1*, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage of children Number of Percentage of children of primary school Number of children children of of primary school entry entry age (5 years) of primary school primary school age (6 years) currently currently attending entry age** (5 years) entry age** (6 attending grade 1* grade 1* years)

Punjab 18.9 14,684 38.4 16,234

District Lodhran 16.2 293 32.2 249

Tehsil Dunya Pur 29.6 69 45.8 72 Kehror Pacca 11.6 87 24.5 95 Lodhran 12.3 136 29.2 82

Gender Male 19.4 141 30.0 142 Female 13.3 151 35.1 107

Area of residence Rural 14.5 246 28.1 210 All Urban 25.4 47 54.6 39 Other Urban 25.4 47 54.6 39

Age of child 5 or 6 16.2 293 32.2 249

Mother's education None 12.6 257 27.7 210 Primary 32.0 16 43.1 19 Middle 21.2 5 59.6 8 Secondary 56.3 9 62.4 7 Higher 72.3 5 94.2 5

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 6.4 95 8.7 78 Second 19.2 87 36.4 78 Middle 21.4 66 44.3 64 Fourth 20.3 37 60.0 21 Highest 39.2 8 48.7 8

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 39 Table ED.3A: Primary school net attendance ratio (5-9 years) Percentage of children of primary school age (5-9 years) attending primary or secondary school (NAR), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Net Net Net Number of Number of Number of attendance attendance attendance children children children ratio ratio ratio*

Punjab 54.0 39,519 51.8 37,026 52.9 76,545

District Lodhran 43.8 725 39.2 658 41.6 1,384

Tehsil Dunya Pur 54.8 206 59.7 156 56.9 362 Kehror Pacca 37.2 216 34.1 211 35.7 427 Lodhran 41.1 304 31.9 291 36.6 596

Area of residence Rural 40.4 614 35.5 553 38.1 1,167 All Urban 62.4 111 58.9 105 60.7 216 Other Urban 62.4 111 58.9 105 60.7 216

Age 5 19.8 141 13.9 151 16.7 293 6 31.2 142 37.6 107 34.0 249 7 49.4 174 36.8 139 43.8 313 8 56.0 156 54.0 160 55.0 316 9 64.3 112 58.8 101 61.6 213

Mother's education None 41.3 622 34.6 573 38.1 1,195 Primary 46.8 46 70.9 43 58.4 89 Middle 69.0 15 69.5 12 69.2 27 Secondary 66.3 31 81.5 15 71.2 46 Higher 73.9 11 83.5 11 78.5 22 Madrasa/NSC . 0 0.0 4 0.0 4

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 29.0 246 19.8 215 24.7 462 Second 44.0 197 36.2 201 40.1 398 Middle 54.1 185 55.7 156 54.8 341 Fourth 62.1 77 61.9 70 62.0 147 Highest 59.5 20 75.8 17 66.9 36

40 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.3B: Primary school gross attendance ratio (5-9 years) Percentage of children of primary school age (5-9 years) attending primary or secondary school (GAR), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Gross Gross Gross Number Number of Number of attendance attendance attendance of children children ratio* ratio* ratio* children

Punjab 101.6 39,519 92.5 37,026 97.2 76,545

District Lodhran 97.9 725 70.4 658 84.8 1,384

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 123.6 206 102.5 156 114.5 362

Kehror Pacca 89.9 216 68.9 211 79.5 427

Lodhran 86.1 304 54.4 291 70.6 596

Area of residence

Rural 97.0 614 64.8 553 81.7 1,167

All Urban 102.8 111 100.2 105 101.5 216

Other Urban 102.8 111 100.2 105 101.5 216

Mother's education

None 92.7 622 63.0 573 78.5 1,195

Primary 86.3 46 114.7 43 100.0 89

Middle 107.9 15 102.4 12 105.4 27

Secondary 85.8 31 95.7 15 89.0 46

Higher 127.3 11 109.2 11 118.6 22

Madrasa/NSC . 0 0.0 4 0.0 4

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 72.8 246 35.9 215 55.6 462

Second 110.2 197 69.5 201 89.7 398

Middle 111.6 185 100.3 156 106.4 341

Fourth 111.2 77 106.0 70 108.7 147

Highest 106.4 20 99.4 17 103.2 36

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 41 Table ED.3C: Public and private primary school attendance rate

Percentage of children age 5-9 years attending primary schools by type of school, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Attending primary Attending Attending Attending school but Number of public private Madrasa/ DK type of Total children 5-9 primary primary NSC school or years old school school type is missing

Punjab 55.9 43.0 0.2 0.9 100.0 40,501

District Lodhran 71.5 26.1 0.7 1.7 100.0 576

Tehsil Dunya Pur 67.3 28.6 0.0 4.1 100.0 206 Kehror Pacca 82.9 16.4 0.0 0.6 100.0 152 Lodhran 67.5 30.4 1.8 0.3 100.0 218

Area of residence Rural 73.5 23.6 0.9 2.0 100.0 444 All Urban 64.7 34.3 0.0 1.0 100.0 131 Other Urban 64.7 34.3 0.0 1.0 100.0 131

Age 5 68.5 31.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 49 6 71.7 25.7 0.0 2.7 100.0 85 7 68.9 28.4 0.0 2.6 100.0 137 8 74.7 23.1 1.5 0.7 100.0 174 9 71.0 25.8 1.0 2.2 100.0 131

Mother's education None 76.5 21.4 0.9 1.3 100.0 455 Primary 68.0 32.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 52 Middle 46.3 41.4 0.0 12.3 100.0 19 Secondary 41.0 54.8 0.0 4.2 100.0 32 Higher 36.0 60.7 0.0 3.3 100.0 17 Lowest 89.8 3.7 3.5 3.0 100.0 114

Wealth index quintiles Second 80.9 18.9 0.0 0.2 100.0 160 Middle 66.5 32.3 0.0 1.2 100.0 187 Fourth 54.3 41.2 0.0 4.5 100.0 91 Highest 26.9 73.1 0.0 0.0 100.0 24 0 71.5 26.1 0.7 1.7 100.0 576

42 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.4: Middle/Secondary school net attendance ratio Percentage of children of middle/secondary school age (10-14 years) attending secondary school or higher (NAR), MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Net Net Net Number of Number of Number of attendance attendance attendance children children children ratio ratio ratio*

Punjab 29.6 37,922 27.8 34,743 28.7 72,665

District Lodhran 19.2 744 16.9 569 18.2 1,312

Tehsil Dunya Pur 20.9 217 21.3 132 21.1 349 Kehror Pacca 17.6 223 11.7 201 14.8 425 Lodhran 19.1 303 18.9 235 19.0 538

Area of residence Rural 17.2 639 14.0 467 15.8 1,106 All Urban 31.4 104 30.4 102 30.9 206 Other Urban 31.4 104 30.4 102 30.9 206

Age 10 5.0 207 4.1 119 4.7 326 11 11.6 121 8.4 68 10.4 189 12 16.5 186 16.7 149 16.6 335 13 29.8 97 22.1 98 25.9 195 14 44.0 133 29.3 134 36.6 267

Mother's education None 17.9 681 13.4 493 16.0 1,174 Primary 30.5 31 32.5 45 31.7 76 Middle 36.1 8 56.7 11 48.2 19 Secondary 35.6 14 64.9 8 46.3 22 Higher 31.5 8 44.1 6 37.0 15 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 1 37.2 3 54.2 4

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 9.4 237 3.5 154 7.0 391 Second 15.4 218 8.3 186 12.2 404 Middle 23.9 187 21.5 143 22.8 330 Fourth 41.4 81 48.0 70 44.5 152 Highest 42.3 20 68.6 16 53.9 36

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 43 Table ED.4w: Secondary school age children attending primary school

Percentage of children of secondary school age (10-14 years) attending primary school, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Male Female Total Percent Percent Percent attending Number of attending Number of attending Number of primary children primary children primary children school school school

Punjab 46.3 37,922 40.4 34,743 43.4 72,665

District Lodhran 47.3 744 32.6 569 41.0 1,312

Tehsil Dunya Pur 57.4 217 43.7 132 52.2 349 Kehror Pacca 44.0 223 32.5 201 38.6 425 Lodhran 42.5 303 26.5 235 35.5 538

Area of residence Rural 48.8 639 31.2 467 41.4 1,106 All Urban 38.1 104 39.2 102 38.7 206 Other Urban 38.1 104 39.2 102 38.7 206

Age 10 62.9 207 46.3 119 56.8 326 11 63.8 121 43.6 68 56.5 189 12 46.6 186 41.8 149 44.4 335 13 30.1 97 19.5 98 24.8 195 14 22.0 133 14.0 134 18.0 267

Mother's education None 46.7 681 32.3 493 40.7 1,174 Primary 58.2 31 39.5 45 47.0 76 Middle 60.1 8 36.8 11 46.5 19 Secondary 43.9 14 24.2 8 36.7 22 Higher 68.5 8 32.5 6 52.9 15 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 1 0.0 3 0.0 4

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 43.2 237 17.1 154 32.9 391 Second 53.3 218 33.0 186 44.0 404 Middle 47.7 187 46.0 143 47.0 330 Fourth 43.6 81 40.1 70 42.0 152 Highest 43.6 20 23.5 16 34.7 36

44 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.7: Education gender parity Ratio of females to males attending primary education and ratio of females to males attending secondary education, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Primary Primary Gender Secondary Secondary Gender school net school net parity index school net school net parity index attendance attendance (GPI) for attendance attendance (GPI) for ratio (NAR), ratio (NAR), primary ratio (NAR), ratio (NAR), secondary females males school NAR* females males school NAR*

Punjab 51.8 54.0 0.96 27.8 29.6 0.94

District Lodhran 39.2 43.8 0.89 16.9 19.2 0.88

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 59.7 54.8 1.09 21.3 20.9 1.02 Kehror Pacca 34.1 37.2 0.92 11.7 17.6 0.66 Lodhran 31.9 41.1 0.78 18.9 19.1 0.99

Area of residence

Rural 35.5 40.4 0.88 14.0 17.2 0.81 All Urban 58.9 62.4 0.94 30.4 31.4 0.97 Other Urban 58.9 62.4 0.94 30.4 31.4 0.97

Mother's education

None 34.6 41.3 0.84 13.4 17.9 0.75 Primary 70.9 46.8 1.52 32.5 30.5 1.06 Middle 69.5 69.0 1.01 56.7 36.1 1.57 Secondary 81.5 66.3 1.23 64.9 35.6 1.82 Higher 83.5 73.9 1.13 44.1 31.5 1.40 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 . . 37.2 100.0 0.37

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 19.8 29.0 0.69 3.5 9.4 0.37 Second 36.2 44.0 0.82 8.3 15.4 0.54 Middle 55.7 54.1 1.03 21.5 23.9 0.90 Fourth 61.9 62.1 1.00 48.0 41.4 1.16 Highest 75.8 59.5 1.27 68.6 42.3 1.62

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 45 Table ED.9A: Physical access to primary schools, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Boys government Girls government Boys private school Girls private school school school Number of houshold <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km members

Punjab 93.0 5.3 1.7 91.4 5.9 2.7 74.7 9.6 15.7 74.0 9.8 16.2 91,075

District Lodhran 89.5 8.2 2.2 89.7 8.1 2.3 65.0 16.2 18.8 65.8 15.7 18.5 1,725

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 90.2 4.6 5.2 91.4 5.0 3.7 54.6 21.7 23.7 55.0 21.7 23.2 467

Kehror Pacca 91.8 6.3 1.9 91.6 5.6 2.8 64.9 14.9 20.2 63.6 15.6 20.8 654

Lodhran 86.5 13.1 0.3 86.2 13.3 0.5 76.1 11.8 12.1 79.7 9.5 10.9 604

Area of residence

Rural 85.0 11.8 3.2 85.3 11.5 3.2 42.5 25.4 32.1 43.9 24.5 31.6 1,152

All Urban 98.4 1.2 0.3 98.3 1.4 0.3 96.5 3.3 0.2 96.3 3.5 0.2 573

Other Urban 98.4 1.2 0.3 98.3 1.4 0.3 96.5 3.3 0.2 96.3 3.5 0.2 573

Education of household head

None 87.3 10.6 2.1 87.2 10.6 2.2 56.9 18.9 24.2 58.3 18.1 23.6 935

Primary 91.6 5.1 3.3 91.5 5.1 3.3 61.7 20.6 17.7 61.4 21.3 17.4 278

Middle 92.0 7.4 0.6 92.0 7.4 0.6 73.1 9.7 17.2 72.9 9.7 17.4 167

Secondary 93.7 4.5 1.8 94.6 3.6 1.8 81.8 11.8 6.4 82.3 11.3 6.4 225

Higher 91.2 4.4 4.4 93.0 3.5 3.5 83.7 5.8 10.6 84.5 4.9 10.7 118

Madrasa/NSC 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 81.4 16.1 2.5 80.7 16.3 3.0 38.9 27.2 33.9 40.7 26.0 33.3 446

Second 90.4 8.3 1.3 91.2 7.9 0.9 56.1 22.1 21.8 56.5 21.6 21.9 470

Middle 91.8 4.6 3.6 92.0 4.6 3.4 72.5 10.1 17.4 72.7 10.5 16.9 419

Fourth 94.6 3.5 1.9 94.6 3.1 2.3 86.7 8.2 5.2 87.6 7.7 4.7 260

Highest 96.9 2.3 0.8 97.7 1.6 0.8 95.2 3.2 1.6 96.0 2.4 1.6 130

46 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table ED.9B: Physical access to middle schools, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Boys government Girls government BoysGirls private private school school Girls private school school school Number of houshold <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km members

Punjab 62.6 23.2 14.2 62.8 21.0 16.3 65.5 13.1 21.5 65.3 13.1 21.7 91,075

District Lodhran 57.7 32.5 9.8 57.4 29.4 13.2 59.5 19.4 21.0 59.1 19.6 21.3 1,725

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 66.6 28.2 5.2 64.2 28.6 7.2 48.6 24.2 27.3 48.4 24.2 27.5 467

Kehror Pacca 51.4 31.1 17.5 53.6 22.4 23.9 60.1 17.9 22.0 59.5 17.7 22.8 654

Lodhran 57.0 37.5 5.4 56.0 37.8 6.2 69.8 16.3 13.9 69.4 17.0 13.6 604

Area of residence

Rural 37.4 47.5 15.1 37.1 42.6 20.3 34.6 29.5 35.9 34.2 29.6 36.2 1,152

All Urban 94.6 5.2 0.2 94.4 5.4 0.2 94.6 5.2 0.2 94.4 5.4 0.2 573

Other Urban 94.6 5.2 0.2 94.4 5.4 0.2 94.6 5.2 0.2 94.4 5.4 0.2 573

Education of household head

None 48.5 39.9 11.6 49.4 36.0 14.6 51.5 21.6 27.0 51.3 21.5 27.2 935

Primary 55.0 33.1 11.9 53.1 28.6 18.3 55.1 25.9 19.0 54.4 25.5 20.1 278

Middle 65.4 24.5 10.1 64.8 20.8 14.5 68.0 13.6 18.4 68.0 13.6 18.4 167

Secondary 81.8 15.5 2.7 80.2 16.1 3.7 77.5 14.2 8.3 76.3 15.5 8.2 225

Higher 76.5 18.3 5.2 75.4 17.5 7.0 77.7 10.7 11.7 76.9 11.5 11.5 118

Madrasa/NSC 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 28.5 57.2 14.3 31.0 51.4 17.7 33.8 26.4 39.9 33.1 25.7 41.2 446

Second 50.7 37.0 12.3 49.2 33.1 17.7 49.7 26.5 23.7 49.7 26.7 23.6 470

Middle 68.4 21.7 9.8 66.9 19.9 13.1 65.2 15.8 19.0 64.7 16.4 19.0 419

Fourth 81.3 15.5 3.2 80.8 14.4 4.8 81.4 13.5 5.1 80.8 14.2 5.0 260

Highest 93.8 5.4 0.8 93.8 6.2 0.0 94.4 3.2 2.4 94.4 3.2 2.4 130

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 47 Table ED.9C: Physical access to secondary schools, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Boys government Girls government BoysGirls private private school school Girls private school school school Number of houshold 2-5 2-5 2-5 <2 km >5 km <2 km 2-5 km >5 km <2 km >5 km <2 km >5 km members km km km

Punjab 50.6 23.2 26.2 46.9 21.8 31.3 56.0 13.4 30.6 56.6 13.3 30.1 91,075

District Lodhran 46.5 28.7 24.9 42.3 23.6 34.1 51.9 16.0 32.1 51.7 16.2 32.1 1,725

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 49.9 29.8 20.3 47.9 32.7 19.4 43.0 25.4 31.6 43.0 25.4 31.6 467

Kehror Pacca 41.6 22.7 35.7 32.7 12.6 54.7 49.7 6.8 43.5 49.1 7.5 43.4 654

Lodhran 49.1 34.3 16.6 48.4 28.5 23.2 63.8 15.4 20.8 63.7 15.5 20.8 604

Area of residence

Rural 22.1 40.3 37.6 15.8 32.5 51.6 20.2 23.5 56.3 19.9 23.8 56.3 1,152

All Urban 93.7 6.1 0.2 93.5 6.3 0.2 93.7 6.1 0.2 93.5 6.3 0.2 573

Other Urban 93.7 6.1 0.2 93.5 6.3 0.2 93.7 6.1 0.2 93.5 6.3 0.2 573

Education of household head

None 36.6 33.2 30.2 32.9 26.6 40.5 43.4 16.6 40.0 43.1 16.8 40.1 935

Primary 38.5 32.7 28.7 35.8 24.8 39.4 45.2 20.3 34.5 44.7 20.8 34.5 278

Middle 60.5 23.5 16.0 54.3 18.5 27.2 61.0 14.2 24.8 61.0 14.2 24.8 167

Secondary 73.4 15.8 10.8 68.9 17.1 14.0 71.9 14.3 13.8 71.9 14.3 13.8 225

Higher 71.6 15.5 12.9 64.3 16.5 19.1 71.4 9.2 19.4 70.7 10.1 19.2 118

Madrasa/NSC 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 50.0 50.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 2

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 17.4 43.0 39.5 14.2 35.8 50.0 20.3 17.2 62.5 20.0 17.2 62.8 446

Second 38.2 34.4 27.4 34.2 25.4 40.4 43.3 20.1 36.6 43.3 20.1 36.6 470

Middle 53.5 22.9 23.6 47.6 19.8 32.7 57.1 17.1 25.8 56.5 17.7 25.8 419

Fourth 74.7 16.3 8.9 70.7 16.0 13.3 74.1 14.2 11.6 74.1 14.2 11.6 260

Highest 93.1 3.8 3.1 91.5 3.9 4.7 94.4 2.4 3.2 93.7 3.2 3.2 130

48 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CP.1: Birth registration

Percent distribution of children aged 0-59 months by whether birth is registered and reasons for non-registration, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Birth is not registered because: Number of Don't know if Number of Birth is Must Didn't know Late, didn't Doesn't know children aged 0- birth is children aged Costs too Don't Total registered* travel too child should want to pay where to Other 59 months registered 0-59 months much know far be registered fine register without birth registration Punjab 77.0 2.7 70,226 4.4 14.2 42.7 1.3 15.1 14.4 8.0 100.0 14,521

District Lodhran 54.7 5.4 1,404 2.3 7.7 42.3 4.7 14.8 14.9 13.3 100.0 567

Tehsil Dunya Pur 74.6 3.9 374 5.8 17.1 37.7 5.3 15.2 4.6 14.3 100.0 76 Kehror Pacca 48.6 7.0 446 1.4 6.3 47.6 8.3 14.6 3.0 18.8 100.0 199 Lodhran 46.6 5.3 584 1.9 6.1 39.9 2.1 15.0 25.7 9.2 100.0 292

ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Area of residence Rural 54.0 5.4 1,209 1.6 7.7 44.3 5.4 13.9 14.5 12.6 100.0 491 All Urban 59.0 5.7 195 6.9 7.2 29.8 0.0 21.2 17.3 17.6 100.0 76 Other Urban 59.0 5.7 195 6.9 7.2 29.8 0.0 21.2 17.3 17.6 100.0 76 Gender Male 55.6 4.9 718 3.1 5.4 41.1 4.7 18.2 14.2 13.2 100.0 287 Female 53.8 6.0 686 1.4 9.9 43.6 4.7 11.4 15.6 13.4 100.0 280

Age of child 0-11 months 47.0 5.3 298 1.2 9.5 39.9 4.9 14.9 21.4 8.2 100.0 139 12-23 months 56.1 5.0 239 1.7 8.9 43.1 3.9 12.2 15.5 14.6 100.0 99 24-35 months 54.5 7.5 263 1.7 6.0 43.1 5.8 15.4 9.5 18.7 100.0 104 36-47 months 56.7 4.9 298 4.0 5.0 40.1 6.9 17.2 13.8 13.0 100.0 114 48-59 months 59.9 4.8 298 3.1 7.9 45.3 2.0 14.4 12.9 14.5 100.0 105 Missing/Inconsistent 40.3 0.0 9 0.0 21.4 67.3 0.0 11.3 0.0 0.0 100.0 5

Mother's education None 51.3 5.2 1,137 2.2 7.5 44.7 4.2 15.3 13.6 12.5 100.0 494 Primary 68.1 7.9 118 2.6 7.1 32.9 11.2 8.1 26.2 12.0 100.0 38 Middle 61.5 1.9 45 4.8 11.2 32.7 4.0 14.8 10.9 21.4 100.0 17 Secondary 72.3 7.9 64 0.0 0.0 7.9 6.4 15.8 41.9 28.0 100.0 12 Higher 77.0 4.6 40 0.0 27.5 5.9 0.0 18.6 10.3 37.7 100.0 6

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 40.8 6.9 456 2.4 5.8 49.4 3.6 12.7 11.4 14.7 100.0 241 Second 53.0 5.1 400 2.0 6.8 43.7 4.2 19.5 14.5 9.4 100.0 167 Middle 63.1 3.4 325 0.8 15.0 39.1 6.6 14.7 12.6 11.3 100.0 112 Fourth 72.5 6.0 176 5.2 3.7 10.4 9.2 9.7 40.7 21.0 100.0 39 Highest 79.4 7.0 47 9.8 0.0 4.2 0.0 10.0 34.3 41.8 100.0 9 49 Table CP.2: Child labour Percentage of children aged 5-14 years who are involved in child labour activities by type of work, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Working outside Number of Household Working for household Total child children chores for 28+ family labour* aged 5-14 Paid work Unpaid work hours/ week business years

Punjab 0.6 1.0 0.8 2.9 5.1 149,210

District Lodhran 1.2 0.2 1.4 3.2 5.7 2,696

Tehsil Dunya Pur 1.3 0.2 0.6 1.5 3.4 711 Kehror Pacca 0.4 0.1 0.1 1.3 1.8 851 Lodhran 1.7 0.4 2.9 5.6 10.0 1,134

Area of residence Rural 1.3 0.1 1.6 3.5 6.2 2,273 All Urban 0.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.8 423 Other Urban 0.5 0.7 0.3 1.4 2.8 423

Gender Male 1.1 0.3 1.3 4.1 6.4 1,469 Female 1.3 0.1 1.6 2.0 4.8 1,227

Age of child 5-11 years 0.6 0.1 0.4 3.4 4.5 1,899 12-14 years 2.7 0.4 3.7 2.6 8.5 797

Mother's education None 1.3 0.2 1.4 3.3 5.9 2,369 Primary 0.5 0.0 2.4 3.1 5.9 165 Middle 0.0 2.2 0.0 3.2 5.4 46 Secondary 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 67 Higher 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 37 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 9

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 2.4 0.0 1.7 5.1 8.8 852 Second 0.8 0.3 1.8 2.5 4.8 802 Middle 0.7 0.4 0.5 2.0 3.3 671 Fourth 0.1 0.3 2.0 2.7 5.1 298 Highest 1.1 0.0 0.4 0.4 1.9 73

School participation Yes 0.1 0.1 0.9 2.3 3.3 1,684 No 3.1 0.3 2.2 4.6 9.6 1,012

50 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table CP.3: Labourer students and student labourers Percentage of children aged 5-14 years who are labourer students and student labourers, Country, Year

Percentage Percentage of of students Percentage Percentage child Number Number Number of who are of children of children labourers of child of children 5-14 also in child attending who are also labourers students years of age involved in labour* school*** attending aged 5-14 aged 5-14 child school** labour****

Punjab 5.1 73.6 149,210 48.9 7,545 3.4 109,769

District Lodhran 5.7 62.5 2,696 36.3 153 3.3 1,684

Tehsil Dunya Pur 3.4 75.7 711 34.0 24 1.5 538 Kehror Pacca 1.8 52.5 851 28.9 16 1.0 447 Lodhran 10.0 61.6 1,134 37.8 113 6.1 699

Area of residence Rural 6.2 60.4 2,273 34.7 141 3.6 1,373 All Urban 2.8 73.7 423 54.8 12 2.1 312 Other Urban 2.8 73.7 423 54.8 12 2.1 312

Gender Male 6.4 68.8 1,469 38.2 94 3.6 1,011 Female 4.8 54.9 1,227 33.2 59 2.9 673

Age of child 5-11 years 4.5 63.6 1,899 43.9 85 3.1 1,207 12-14 years 8.5 59.9 797 26.6 68 3.8 478

Mother's education None 5.9 59.5 2,369 32.2 141 3.2 1,410 Primary 5.9 80.0 165 78.2 10 5.8 132 Middle 5.4 88.1 46 100.0 2 6.1 40 Secondary 0.0 94.7 67 . 0 0.0 64 Higher 0.0 99.1 37 . 0 0.0 36 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 28.3 9 . 0 0.0 2

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 8.8 44.0 852 20.5 75 4.1 375 Second 4.8 60.3 802 39.5 39 3.2 484 Middle 3.3 74.0 671 51.2 22 2.3 496 Fourth 5.1 88.0 298 85.3 15 4.9 262 Highest 1.9 91.3 73 21.0 1 0.4 66

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 51 52

Table CP.10: Child disability Percentage of children aged 2-9 years with disability reported by their mother or caretaker according to the type of disability, Country, Year

Percentage of children aged 2-9 years with reported disability by type of disability Percentage 3-9 years 2 years of children Number of Number of ISPNA 2007-08 PUNJAB MICS Difficulty in No speak- Number of Difficulty Have fits, Not learning Appears aged 2-9 Delay in Appears No under - walking, ing / children children Cannot children seeing, become to do things mentally years with at sitting, to have standing moving cannot be aged 2-9 Speech is not aged 3-9 name at aged 2 either in the rigid, lose like other backward, least one standing or difficulty of instr- arms, under- years normal years least one years daytime or concious- children dull, or reported walking hearing uctions weakness or stood in object at night ness his/her age slow disability* stiffness words

Punjab 0.9 0.6 1.1 1.3 1.2 0.8 1.1 2.0 1.1 5.2 119,796 4.2 105,845 9.5 13,951

District Lodhran 1.3 0.6 1.1 2.0 1.7 1.4 1.4 3.0 1.7 7.4 2,261 2.3 1,984 15.5 277

Tehsil Dunya Pur 1.2 0.2 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.9 0.2 2.1 0.7 5.4 599 1.0 521 12.1 78 Kehror Pacca 1.0 0.4 1.2 2.8 1.4 1.1 2.7 3.4 2.4 8.4 718 3.1 621 15.3 97 Lodhran 1.5 1.1 1.3 2.1 2.4 1.2 1.2 3.3 1.7 7.9 944 2.6 842 18.3 102

Area of residence Rural 1.4 0.7 1.1 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.4 3.1 1.5 7.4 1,924 2.2 1,685 16.3 239 All Urban 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.6 7.5 338 3.1 299 10.8 38 Other Urban 0.5 0.2 0.9 2.0 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.2 2.6 7.5 338 3.1 299 10.8 38

Age of child 2-4 1.6 0.5 0.7 1.9 1.9 1.4 1.5 3.1 2.0 7.3 878 2.5 601 15.5 277 5-6 0.9 0.4 0.8 2.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 3.3 1.2 6.8 542 1.7 542 . 0 7-9 1.2 1.0 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.3 1.3 2.7 1.6 7.9 842 2.6 842 . 0

Mother's education None 1.3 0.7 1.1 2.1 1.6 1.2 1.5 3.2 1.6 7.6 1,906 1.9 1,691 18.2 216 Primary 1.3 0.0 0.0 0.5 1.6 3.4 0.0 1.8 1.8 6.7 163 5.8 134 8.7 29 Middle 2.0 1.1 3.7 2.6 5.2 2.5 2.6 4.6 4.5 9.3 55 7.7 47 0.0 8 Secondary 1.7 0.3 0.0 2.1 1.7 1.3 0.3 0.3 1.0 5.4 88 2.5 72 4.4 16 Higher 0.0 0.6 3.6 0.8 0.9 0.0 1.7 0.8 0.0 5.3 43 0.0 35 7.8 8 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 4 0.0 4 . 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 1.7 0.5 1.8 2.5 2.1 1.5 2.4 4.2 2.2 8.5 749 2.9 658 17.2 92 Second 1.1 0.8 0.8 1.2 1.3 1.5 1.0 3.9 1.5 6.7 638 2.7 562 21.3 76 Middle 0.8 0.8 0.6 2.7 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.3 0.8 6.9 553 1.0 489 14.4 64 Fourth 2.0 0.4 0.5 1.1 2.1 0.5 0.3 1.1 2.0 6.4 254 2.0 220 0.0 35 Highest 0.0 0.4 2.0 2.2 1.7 1.4 2.2 1.5 2.9 9.9 67 4.4 56 16.3 11 Table HA.1: Knowledge of preventing HIV transmission Percentage of women aged 15-49 years who know the main ways of preventing HIV transmission, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percentage who know transmission can be prevented Number of women who Number by: Heard of think a person of AIDS Knows can do women Dispo- Knows at 'RHVQ·W Safe blood all something to Safe sex sable least two know transfusion three avoid AIDS syringe ways any way ways

Punjab 29.5 86,148 23.0 20.9 21.7 18.0 22.2 74.7 22,470

District Lodhran 11.8 1,557 7.5 5.3 6.1 4.1 6.4 91.7 150

Tehsil Dunya Pur 13.2 451 10.8 9.0 8.5 7.3 9.3 88.4 54 Kehror Pacca 8.3 481 7.3 3.7 4.7 2.0 5.8 92.2 38 Lodhran 13.4 624 5.4 3.8 5.4 3.4 4.9 93.7 59

Area of residence Rural 11.6 1,329 6.9 4.8 5.4 3.5 5.8 92.2 125 All Urban 12.8 227 10.9 8.4 9.8 7.4 10.2 88.6 26 Other Urban 12.8 227 10.9 8.4 9.8 7.4 10.2 88.6 26

Age 15-19 11.1 69 7.2 5.6 7.4 2.5 8.9 91.1 6 20-24 16.1 212 11.5 6.4 7.3 3.6 8.9 87.4 33 25-29 15.9 366 9.4 6.5 7.1 5.0 7.8 89.7 44 30-34 12.3 254 9.9 8.4 9.0 7.7 9.2 89.6 29 35-39 7.8 299 5.2 3.3 4.2 2.9 3.9 94.1 19 40-44 6.9 213 4.0 2.8 4.6 2.6 3.8 94.9 13 45-49 9.9 145 2.6 2.6 1.8 1.8 2.6 97.4 6

Education of household head None 4.8 1,268 1.9 1.0 1.1 0.8 1.2 98.1 34 Primary 22.1 130 15.1 11.9 14.0 8.6 13.7 81.3 27 Middle 44.3 47 35.4 24.5 28.1 12.0 32.5 56.5 20 Secondary 57.3 66 43.1 29.7 38.9 25.5 38.2 52.0 35 Higher 77.2 44 60.4 50.3 53.7 45.5 57.5 38.7 33 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 1 100.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 1.2 443 0.8 0.5 0.8 0.5 0.8 99.2 4 Second 8.0 460 3.6 1.5 1.9 0.6 2.2 95.9 24 Middle 11.3 391 7.5 4.7 4.8 3.6 5.7 92.2 35 Fourth 35.7 205 23.5 19.0 21.6 15.4 22.0 73.3 65 Highest 41.2 58 33.4 26.9 33.0 23.0 33.1 62.7 23

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 53 Table HA.5: Attitudes toward people living with HIV/AIDS Percentage of women aged 15-49 years who have heard of AIDS who express a discriminatory attitude towards people living with HIV/AIDS, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Percent of women who:

If a family Would not Believe that Would not member Number of care for a a teacher buy food Agree with at Agree with had HIV women who family with HIV from a least one none of the would have heard member who should not person discriminatory discriminatory want to of AIDS was sick with be allowed with statement statements* keep it a AIDS to work HIV/AIDS secret

Punjab 1.1 23.5 24.0 24.1 43.3 56.7 25,409

District Lodhran 1.1 25.5 33.5 35.6 56.6 43.4 183

Tehsil Dunya Pur 2.1 26.1 24.9 28.3 51.8 48.2 60 Kehror Pacca 2.1 35.2 31.2 31.5 60.8 39.2 40 Lodhran 0.0 20.4 40.7 42.8 58.1 41.9 84

Area of residence Rural 1.3 25.7 33.9 37.7 59.6 40.4 154 All Urban 0.0 24.1 31.5 24.5 40.9 59.1 29 Other Urban 0.0 24.1 31.5 24.5 40.9 59.1 29

Age 15-19 0.0 35.4 29.8 22.2 65.2 34.8 8 20-24 2.5 22.6 43.2 42.4 61.2 38.8 34 25-29 0.0 29.6 29.1 30.1 55.6 44.4 58 30-34 4.0 23.4 20.2 37.4 49.7 50.3 31 35-39 0.0 29.0 48.3 40.8 68.7 31.3 23 40-44 0.0 16.5 21.1 10.5 27.0 73.0 15 45-49 0.0 18.2 47.7 62.5 71.2 28.8 14

Education of household head None 0.0 15.8 39.8 47.0 56.7 43.3 61 Primary 0.0 31.8 26.7 22.3 55.2 44.8 29 Middle 0.0 32.1 35.6 31.8 65.4 34.6 21 Secondary 2.2 25.4 25.6 34.5 49.3 50.7 38 Higher 3.7 30.8 36.7 31.2 58.7 41.3 34 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 1

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.0 0.0 21.0 0.0 21.0 79.0 5 Second 0.0 12.1 43.7 52.0 61.6 38.4 37 Middle 1.9 40.1 28.3 36.9 63.6 36.4 44 Fourth 1.7 23.5 37.4 36.4 57.2 42.8 73 Highest 0.0 30.7 18.4 13.7 42.3 57.7 24

54 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.1: Prevalence of Cough, TB and Hepatitis Percentage of population having cough more than last three weeks, diagnosed with Tuberculosis or with Hepatitis during last one year, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Had cough for Diagnosed with Diagnosed with Total number of more than last three Tuberculosis during Hepatitis during last household weeks last one year one year members

Punjab 2.2 0.3 0.7 584,640

District Lodhran 3.3 0.4 0.5 9,731

Tehsil Dunya Pur 2.7 0.5 0.4 2,900 Kehror Pacca 4.0 0.4 0.6 3,108 Lodhran 3.3 0.2 0.5 3,723

Area of residence Rural 3.1 0.4 0.5 8,252 All Urban 4.5 0.3 0.8 1,478 Other Urban 4.5 0.3 0.8 1,478

Gender Male 3.4 0.5 0.6 5,062 Female 3.3 0.2 0.5 4,669

Education of household head None 3.4 0.3 0.4 5,533 Primary 3.1 0.3 0.3 1,689 Middle 5.0 0.9 0.3 875 Secondary 3.6 0.6 1.1 1,066 Higher 1.2 0.1 1.1 553 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 0.0 15

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 3.3 0.3 0.3 2,785 Second 3.8 0.4 0.4 2,926 Middle 3.1 0.5 0.5 2,433 Fourth 3.2 0.4 0.9 1,233 Highest 2.4 0.1 1.6 354

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 55 Table HC.2: Care provided by Lady Health Worker (LHW) Percentage of women reporting that a LHW visited the house during the past month, MICS Punjab, 2007-08.

Purpose of Visit Number Total For ORS, Visited Provided of women number of Vitamine Weighed DK/ by LHW useful Other visited by women and the child Missing info LHW Medicines

Punjab 50.4 86,148 54.3 11.3 59.4 14.6 1.6 43,238

District Lodhran 59.5 1,557 55.2 9.0 64.3 5.8 1.3 921

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 75.7 451 40.4 13.0 74.4 1.9 1.1 340 Kehror Pacca 68.7 481 59.2 6.7 66.0 6.4 1.0 327 Lodhran 40.7 624 69.8 6.6 48.5 10.4 2.0 253

Area of residence

Rural 57.8 1,329 52.9 10.8 71.8 5.8 1.5 765 All Urban 69.2 227 66.4 27.4 5.9 0.6 155 Other Urban 69.2 227 66.4 27.4 5.9 0.6 155

Woman education

None 57.3 1,268 54.8 9.8 64.9 6.3 1.4 722 Primary 68.3 130 53.0 7.0 66.7 4.8 2.1 88 Middle 70.5 47 76.6 1.0 57.9 33 Secondary 72.7 66 55.4 4.5 60.4 4.3 48 Higher 64.0 44 48.0 11.6 54.4 6.2 0.8 28 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 1 100.0 1

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 49.7 443 56.1 12.9 64.1 8.1 1.6 219 Second 56.0 460 59.7 11.8 69.3 7.2 0.8 256 Middle 69.9 391 50.1 7.3 66.5 3.2 1.8 273 Fourth 66.0 205 54.5 2.8 60.1 3.7 0.9 134 Highest 68.4 58 58.1 1.6 32.3 9.5 1.7 39

56 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.3: Physical access to health facility Percent distribution of household population according to physical access to health facility, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Distance to the nearest health Type of nearest health facility facility (in minutes) Number of Within 29 30-35 household One hour Government Private Missing minutes minutes Missing members or more distance distance

Punjab 57.2 42.4 0.4 75.2 15.3 9.0 0.5 592,843

District Lodhran 70.9 28.3 0.8 50.5 33.7 15.3 0.6 10,392

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 71.8 27.6 0.6 54.9 36.3 8.7 0.1 2,995 Kehror Pacca 53.2 45.4 1.4 62.1 28.6 8.0 1.3 3,254 Lodhran 84.0 15.4 0.6 38.1 35.8 25.8 0.3 4,143

Area of residence

Rural 76.9 22.1 1.0 42.7 38.8 17.9 0.6 8,829 All Urban 36.8 63.2 0.0 94.2 4.9 0.2 0.6 1,563 Other Urban 36.8 63.2 0.0 94.2 4.9 0.2 0.6 1,563

Education of household head

None 71.9 26.8 1.3 45.9 35.2 18.2 0.7 5,920 Primary 72.7 26.8 0.4 47.0 38.0 14.3 0.7 1,829 Middle 68.1 31.9 0.0 57.1 27.1 15.7 0.0 909 Secondary 68.2 31.8 0.0 68.4 26.1 5.2 0.4 1,137 Higher 64.0 36.0 0.0 62.8 29.0 8.2 0.0 581 Madrasa/NSC 66.5 33.5 0.0 33.5 66.5 0.0 0.0 15

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 73.1 25.2 1.7 39.2 41.4 18.3 1.0 2,982 Second 74.0 25.7 0.3 45.5 35.7 18.4 0.4 3,118 Middle 71.9 27.1 1.0 57.1 31.4 11.2 0.4 2,589 Fourth 63.5 36.5 0.0 64.0 23.2 12.6 0.2 1,313 Highest 46.8 53.2 0.0 87.5 8.5 2.9 1.1 389

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 57 Table HC.5: Unemployment rate Percent distribution of population 15 years or more who are unemployed, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Total number of Unemployed and households 15 years Employed Total seeking job or more in active labour force

Punjab 93.2 6.8 100.0 163,215

District Lodhran 95.3 4.7 100.0 3,176

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 96.1 3.9 100.0 979 Kehror Pacca 94.2 5.8 100.0 944 Lodhran 95.4 4.6 100.0 1,253

Area of residence

Rural 96.2 3.8 100.0 2,730 All Urban 89.5 10.5 100.0 446 Other Urban 89.5 10.5 100.0 446

Age

15-24 85.5 14.5 100.0 862 23-34 97.7 2.3 100.0 833 35-44 99.6 0.4 100.0 667 45-54 99.4 0.6 100.0 384 55-64 99.7 0.3 100.0 270 65-74 100.0 0.0 100.0 128 75+ 100.0 0.0 100.0 29

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 97.1 2.9 100.0 950 Second 95.3 4.7 100.0 1,003 Middle 94.7 5.3 100.0 746 Fourth 92.0 8.0 100.0 369 Highest 93.5 6.5 100.0 107

58 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.6: Family member working outside village Percent distribution of population working outside village and place of work, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Place of work of members working outside village/ town Number of Members household working Number of Other Other members outside household village/ town District or Province village/ Other Other DK/ working village/ members or district or province or or Overseas town district province missing outside town province or overseas overseas overseas village/ town

Punjab 11.6 592,843 21.2 26.8 11.5 38.8 1.7 68,593

District Lodhran 13.1 10,392 21.6 27.5 32.2 16.9 1.8 1,361

Tehsil Dunya Pur 20.1 2,995 25.4 23.6 23.1 25.1 2.7 602 Kehror Pacca 13.2 3,254 25.3 37.9 25.7 9.2 2.0 430 Lodhran 7.9 4,143 9.7 20.9 57.2 12.3 - 328

Area of residence Rural 12.9 8,829 23.6 26.6 32.0 15.7 2.2 1,135 All Urban 14.4 1,563 11.6 32.0 33.4 22.9 - 226 Other Urban 14.4 1,563 11.6 32.0 33.4 22.9 - 226

Education of household head None 11.8 5,920 22.4 23.6 42.5 8.9 2.6 696 Primary 12.9 1,829 24.5 26.6 30.1 18.8 236 Middle 14.2 909 12.4 17.6 26.9 37.3 5.9 129 Secondary 14.5 1,137 21.2 38.4 13.7 26.7 - 165 Higher 23.3 581 20.4 44.4 10.3 24.9 - 135 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 15 ------

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 6.8 2,982 34.2 26.6 33.7 5.6 - 202 Second 12.9 3,118 18.8 29.9 45.9 5.0 0.4 402 Middle 18.4 2,589 23.6 26.3 25.9 19.4 4.9 477 Fourth 15.5 1,313 13.6 24.5 28.4 33.4 - 204 Highest 19.7 389 10.7 32.4 7.9 49.0 - 77

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 59 Table HC.7A: Main material of the floor

Percent distribution of household according to main material of floor, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Others/ Number of No Floor Katcha floor Pacca floor Missing households

Punjab 1.9 40.6 57.4 0.1 91,075

District Lodhran 0.1 48.4 51.4 0.1 1,521

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 0.1 50.7 49.0 0.2 430 Kehror Pacca 0.2 46.9 52.9 0.0 472 Lodhran 0.0 48.1 51.9 0.0 618

Area of residence

Rural 0.0 52.7 47.2 0.1 1,302 All Urban 0.7 23.0 76.4 0.0 219 Other Urban 0.7 23.0 76.4 0.0 219

Education of household head

None 0.1 59.3 40.6 0.0 884 Primary 0.2 47.8 52.1 0.0 256 Middle 0.0 34.3 65.7 0.0 132 Secondary 0.0 25.2 74.8 0.0 165 Higher 0.0 4.3 94.7 1.1 82 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 3

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.1 86.4 13.5 0.0 480 Second 0.2 55.3 44.5 0.0 456 Middle 0.0 18.2 81.8 0.0 356 Fourth 0.0 2.6 96.9 0.5 172 Highest 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 56

60 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.7B: Main material of the roof

Percent distribution of household according to main material of roof, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of Natural Others/ Katcha roofing Pacca roofing households roofing Missing enumerated

Punjab 0.3 15.8 83.5 0.4 91,075

District Lodhran 0.0 19.1 80.6 0.3 1,521

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 0.0 19.0 80.8 0.2 430 Kehror Pacca 0.0 19.9 80.1 0.0 472 Lodhran 0.1 18.5 80.9 0.5 618

Area of residence

Rural 0.0 20.7 79.0 0.3 1,302 All Urban 0.2 9.7 90.1 0.0 219 Other Urban 0.2 9.7 90.1 0.0 219

Education of household head

None 0.0 23.9 75.9 0.1 884 Primary 0.0 19.1 80.2 0.7 256 Middle 0.3 12.0 87.7 0.0 132 Secondary 0.0 7.4 92.6 0.0 165 Higher 0.0 2.3 96.7 1.1 82 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 3

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.0 41.2 58.2 0.6 480 Second 0.0 16.7 83.3 0.0 456 Middle 0.0 3.9 96.1 0.0 356 Fourth 0.2 1.1 98.1 0.5 172 Highest 0.0 1.2 98.8 0.0 56

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 61 Table HC.7C: Main material of the walls Percent distribution of household according to main material of walls, MICS Punjab, 2007-08 Percent distribution of household according to main material of floor, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Number of Others/ No walls Katcha walls Pacca walls households Missing enumerated

Punjab 1.5 22.0 76.2 0.2 91,075

District Lodhran 0.5 35.0 64.4 0.1 1,521

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 1.0 39.9 58.9 0.2 430 Kehror Pacca 0.3 37.6 61.9 0.1 472 Lodhran 0.3 29.5 70.2 0.0 618

Area of residence

Rural 0.6 38.8 60.6 0.1 1,302 All Urban 0.1 12.5 87.4 0.0 219 Other Urban 0.1 12.5 87.4 0.0 219

Education of household head

None 0.7 43.3 56.1 0.0 884 Primary 0.7 37.8 61.2 0.3 256 Middle 0.0 18.6 81.4 0.0 132 Secondary 0.0 14.6 85.4 0.0 165 Higher 0.0 5.3 93.7 1.1 82 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 3

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 1.6 68.6 29.6 0.1 480 Second 0.0 35.9 64.1 0.0 456 Middle 0.0 10.5 89.5 0.0 356 Fourth 0.0 0.9 98.6 0.5 172 Highest 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 56

62 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.8A: Household utilities

Proportion of household members using household utilities, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

None/ any two/ any three PossessionsUtilities utilities Total Cooking More More number of Donkey Elect- Cabel Telep- Comp- Fridge/ Aircon- Washing Cooler/ range/ Stitching Water No than than house- Gas Radio TV Mobile Internet Iron pump or ricity TV hone uter freezer ditioner machine fan micro- Machine filter utilitiy two three holds turbine wave utilities utilities

Punjab 92.5 26.4 40.0 63.2 20.8 15.9 71.0 8.5 4.8 40.3 6.6 48.8 86.4 6.0 72.7 80.2 3.4 54.5 3.6 93.4 88.5 592,843

District Lodhran 84.2 6.0 35.4 44.8 4.7 5.5 62.6 2.8 1.0 22.8 2.1 25.1 75.8 2.5 62.5 61.7 2.6 50.7 5.1 87.8 80.4 10,392

Tehsil

ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Dunya Pur 86.0 1.2 40.4 54.0 2.5 8.4 68.7 3.0 0.7 27.8 2.0 27.9 76.8 2.9 71.1 66.8 2.1 39.9 2.6 90.0 84.1 2,995 Kehror Pacca 81.7 2.6 31.1 42.0 5.2 4.0 60.0 2.0 0.9 20.2 1.6 24.4 71.3 1.7 60.8 60.5 1.9 58.9 7.3 83.8 77.7 3,254 Lodhran 84.8 12.1 35.3 40.4 6.0 4.7 60.2 3.3 1.4 21.2 2.6 23.7 78.6 2.8 57.7 59.0 3.4 52.2 5.1 89.5 79.7 4,143

Area of residence Rural 82.0 0.9 35.5 41.7 0.6 3.7 60.0 1.5 0.4 19.3 1.2 18.8 72.6 1.8 60.6 57.9 1.3 45.1 5.8 86.0 77.6 8,829 All Urban 96.6 35.1 35.1 62.4 28.2 15.6 77.0 10.3 4.5 42.5 7.4 61.0 93.5 6.4 73.1 83.4 9.9 82.5 1.2 98.2 95.8 1,563 Other Urban 96.6 35.1 35.1 62.4 28.2 15.6 77.0 10.3 4.5 42.5 7.4 61.0 93.5 6.4 73.1 83.4 9.9 82.5 1.2 98.2 95.8 1,563

Education of household head None 77.6 2.9 32.4 33.3 2.1 2.2 51.8 0.5 0.6 10.8 0.6 12.6 68.9 1.4 54.9 50.5 0.9 41.7 8.0 82.1 71.3 5,920 Primary 89.9 5.6 39.1 52.8 3.8 6.7 71.0 1.8 0.7 26.6 0.9 28.8 83.8 1.4 67.0 66.8 1.6 51.1 1.6 93.3 89.0 1,829 Middle 91.0 11.8 34.9 56.5 8.5 5.6 76.1 1.2 1.0 33.3 2.5 34.5 86.1 2.9 64.9 78.7 1.6 57.2 0.8 94.3 90.8 909 Secondary 98.1 12.9 39.3 74.1 13.5 10.7 80.1 10.4 1.6 50.1 7.4 55.5 89.3 4.0 79.3 88.1 6.0 75.3 0.9 99.1 97.5 1,137 Higher 95.1 16.9 48.4 60.1 10.8 25.1 89.9 16.5 5.9 62.1 10.9 67.8 77.4 13.3 87.7 81.0 17.0 82.9 0.6 97.0 95.1 581 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 0.0 33.5 100.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 66.5 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 15

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 54.6 0.0 14.2 11.7 0.1 1.0 30.0 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 1.2 40.7 0.7 30.4 11.7 0.1 6.6 17.0 58.5 36.5 2,982 Second 91.9 0.5 34.3 37.8 0.3 1.3 57.9 0.1 0.4 5.8 0.0 3.8 85.5 1.3 60.4 64.3 1.0 45.0 0.5 99.3 95.6 3,118 Middle 98.7 2.8 42.3 61.5 2.3 4.8 83.2 1.8 0.9 30.2 1.6 33.8 90.4 2.9 82.1 91.3 2.6 80.4 0.2 99.8 99.7 2,589 Fourth 100.0 21.5 63.8 88.5 15.3 12.7 96.5 5.4 0.5 77.1 3.5 91.1 96.4 0.7 91.6 99.7 3.1 92.1 0.0 100.0 100.0 1,313 Highest 100.0 64.7 66.0 96.5 56.4 54.9 98.8 43.4 16.8 98.3 33.8 99.4 99.2 29.0 96.7 100.0 31.5 98.7 0.0 100.0 100.0 389 63 Table HC.8B: Household possessions Proportion of household members having household possessions, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

None/ at least one PossessionsUtilities possession Total number of car or Motorcycle/s Animal No At least one house- Watch Bicycle other cooter drawn-cart possession possession holds vehicle

Punjab 89.0 53.9 26.9 8.9 7.6 5.6 94.4 592,843

District Lodhran 80.5 63.7 26.4 9.1 5.1 8.4 91.6 10,392

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 87.7 73.7 30.5 8.9 4.3 4.8 95.2 2,995 Kehror Pacca 81.8 61.8 26.8 5.1 3.1 7.9 92.1 3,254 Lodhran 74.3 57.9 23.0 12.4 7.3 11.4 88.6 4,143

Area of residence

Rural 79.5 66.2 25.8 9.5 5.8 8.6 91.4 8,829 All Urban 86.2 49.5 29.7 6.9 1.4 7.0 93.0 1,563 Other Urban 86.2 49.5 29.7 6.9 1.4 7.0 93.0 1,563

Education of household head

None 74.2 63.0 17.2 8.3 7.3 11.6 88.4 5,920 Primary 86.4 69.5 31.3 9.1 2.4 4.9 95.1 1,829 Middle 88.4 60.1 33.2 10.4 1.1 5.0 95.0 909 Secondary 90.6 63.6 38.4 10.4 2.3 4.1 95.9 1,137 Higher 92.7 58.6 70.2 13.8 2.8 0.0 100.0 581 Madrasa/NSC 100.0 33.5 33.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 15

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 58.3 58.1 6.9 5.9 7.0 19.7 80.3 2,982 Second 81.6 64.1 18.2 7.6 5.6 7.3 92.7 3,118 Middle 93.5 71.1 35.1 8.7 3.2 1.7 98.3 2,589 Fourth 97.3 64.2 59.6 15.8 4.7 1.2 98.8 1,313 Highest 98.2 51.4 70.5 26.6 0.6 0.0 100.0 389

64 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.9: House, agricultural land and livestock ownership Percent distribution of household population by ownership of house, argricultural land and livestock, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

House Ownership Own Number of Rent free/ Govt./ Own but Own Other/ agricluture household Own Rented squatter/ Subsdized mortgaged livestock Missing land members other rent or pledged

Punjab 84.2 5.2 8.6 1.5 0.1 0.5 34.2 50.9 91,075

District Lodhran 75.6 1.5 19.5 2.2 0.1 1.2 46.3 72.9 1,521

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 88.1 1.1 8.4 2.0 0.0 0.5 51.1 77.0 430 Kehror Pacca 76.6 1.7 19.7 2.0 0.0 0.0 41.2 65.0 472 Lodhran 66.1 1.6 27.1 2.4 0.3 2.6 46.8 76.2 618

Area of residence

Rural 75.7 0.4 20.0 2.4 0.1 1.4 50.7 79.6 1,302 All Urban 75.0 7.7 16.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 20.0 33.6 219 Other Urban 75.0 7.7 16.4 0.9 0.0 0.0 20.0 33.6 219

Education of household head

None 74.5 0.8 20.3 2.7 0.2 1.5 42.8 78.1 884 Primary 78.1 1.4 18.8 1.2 0.0 0.5 49.8 73.6 256 Middle 71.8 1.9 22.6 2.7 0.0 1.1 47.2 66.7 132 Secondary 79.1 3.2 15.9 1.0 0.0 0.8 51.3 59.3 165 Higher 79.5 4.5 13.7 1.2 0.0 1.1 60.0 51.8 82 Madrasa/NSC 23.9 0.0 76.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 100.0 3

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 66.0 0.7 25.1 4.7 0.4 3.0 38.6 81.7 480 Second 74.9 0.6 22.9 1.3 0.0 0.3 47.9 79.7 456 Middle 83.1 1.8 13.7 1.0 0.0 0.3 49.4 70.3 356 Fourth 85.3 3.4 10.5 0.3 0.0 0.5 55.3 50.7 172 Highest 84.0 7.4 8.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 51.7 28.3 56

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 65 Table HC.10: Household size and mean number of persons per room

Number of household members Mean Mean number of Number of Total household persons per households 1 2-3 4-5 6-7 8-9 10+ size room

Punjab 1.1 12.1 25.4 30.3 18.5 12.6 100.0 6.5 3.7 91,075

District Lodhran 0.8 11.8 20.9 30.6 20.8 15.1 100.0 6.8 3.7 1,521

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 1.7 10.3 19.0 28.9 25.7 14.4 100.0 7.0 3.4 430

Kehror Pacca 0.3 11.8 20.2 31.6 20.5 15.7 100.0 6.9 3.9 472

Lodhran 0.5 12.9 22.6 31.2 17.7 15.1 100.0 6.7 3.8 618

Area of residence

Rural 0.7 12.1 20.8 31.1 20.9 14.4 100.0 6.8 3.8 1,302

All Urban 1.3 9.9 21.3 28.1 20.4 18.9 100.0 7.1 3.6 219

Other Urban 1.3 9.9 21.3 28.1 20.4 18.9 100.0 7.1 3.6 219

Sex of household head

Male 0.6 11.6 20.7 30.7 21.1 15.3 100.0 6.9 3.7 1,482

Female 8.9 19.9 28.1 29.0 9.1 4.9 100.0 5.2 3.4 38

66 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.11A: Receiving remittance from Pakistan Percent of households that received any remittance from Pakistan during the last year and median value of remittance recieved. Punjab, 2007-08

Amount of remittances recieved from Pakistan (Rs.) Households Median Total number receiving 3,000 5,000 10,000 value of of households Total less 20,000 Not remittances to less to less to less remittances receiving number of than or spec- from than than than from remittances household 3,000 more ified Pakistan 5,000 10,000 20,000 Pakistan from Pakistan (Rs.)

Punjab 5.5 91,075 38.9 21.4 27.3 9.4 1.9 1.0 40,000 5,026

District Lodhran 8.3 1,521 46.8 28.1 20.3 4.8 0.0 0.0 36,000 126

Tehsil Dunya Pur 12.3 430 33.2 36.9 20.5 9.5 0.0 0.0 36,000 53 Kehror Pacca 8.1 472 43.8 28.7 25.6 1.8 0.0 0.0 36,000 38 Lodhran 5.6 618 71.0 14.1 14.1 0.8 0.0 0.0 24,000 35

Area of residence Rural 8.3 1,302 44.4 30.2 20.5 4.9 0.0 0.0 36,000 108 All Urban 8.1 219 61.8 15.5 19.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 19,916 18 Other Urban 8.1 219 61.8 15.5 19.0 3.6 0.0 0.0 19,916 18

Education of household head None 8.2 884 55.9 23.2 18.4 2.5 0.0 0.0 30,000 72 Primary 8.7 256 36.5 41.6 16.4 5.5 0.0 0.0 40,000 22 Middle 9.5 132 50.4 29.8 10.9 9.0 0.0 0.0 29,412 13 Secondary 6.7 165 22.9 30.5 44.1 2.5 0.0 0.0 49,476 11 Higher 9.5 82 20.5 29.4 30.3 19.9 0.0 0.0 60,360 8 Madrasa/NSC 0.03...... 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 5.4 480 55.9 30.2 9.6 4.3 0.0 0.0 35,000 26 Second 9.5 456 59.0 18.3 22.7 0.0 0.0 0.0 24,000 43 Middle 10.8 356 30.2 44.1 20.7 5.0 0.0 0.0 37,472 38 Fourth 7.6 172 36.5 15.0 37.0 11.4 0.0 0.0 51,546 13 Highest 9.0 56 49.0 14.5 8.0 28.4 0.0 0.0 44,296 5

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 67 Table HC.11B: Receiving remittance from abroad Percent of households that received any remittance from abroad during the last year and median value of remittance recieved. Punjab, 2007-08

Amount of remittances recieved from abroad (Rs.)

Median Total number Households 3,000 5,000 to 10,000 value of of households Total less 20,000 Not receiving to less less to less remittances receiving number of than or spec- remittances than than than from remittances household 3,000 more ified from abroad 5,000 10,000 20,000 abroadPakistan from abroad (Rs.)

Punjab 4.1 91,075 14.2 9.1 25.1 30.3 20.4 1.0 120,000 3,702

District Lodhran 1.2 1,521 25.7 18.1 23.2 18.7 12.4 1.8 92,664 18

Tehsil Dunya Pur 2.5 430 19.8 21.6 22.8 24.7 11.1 0.0 100,000 11 Kehror Pacca 0.9 472 20.5 22.3 23.5 16.9 16.9 0.0 91,084 4 Lodhran 0.5 618 54.0 0.0 24.2 0.0 11.1 10.8 33,309 3

Area of residence Rural 1.2 1,302 28.3 15.6 20.9 22.5 12.7 0.0 100,000 15 All Urban 1.4 219 13.3 30.3 34.4 0.0 11.2 10.9 58,971 3 Other Urban 1.4 219 13.3 30.3 34.4 0.0 11.2 10.9 58,971 3

Education of household head None 0.9 884 22.2 23.5 20.6 29.6 0.0 4.1 64,280 8 Primary 1.5 256 0.0 35.8 32.1 0.0 32.1 0.0 100,000 4 Middle 0.3 132 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,000 0 Secondary 0.9 165 77.6 0.0 0.0 0.0 22.4 0.0 84,269 2 Higher 5.2 82 29.8 0.0 30.9 22.8 16.5 0.0 100,971 4 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 3 ...... 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 0.0 480 ...... 0 Second 0.3 456 0.0 0.0 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100,000 1 Middle 1.9 356 30.2 14.9 19.0 25.6 10.4 0.0 90,010 7 Fourth 3.8 172 14.6 34.3 25.9 25.2 0.0 0.0 71,434 7 Highest 6.3 56 46.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 43.8 9.3 249,868 4

68 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.12: Cash donations Percent of households that received any cash donation during the last year and median value of zakat/donations, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Amount received Total Median number of Households 3,000 5,000 to 10,000 Total less 20,000 Not value of households receiving to less less to less number of than or spec- zakat/ receiving cash than than than household 3,000 more ified donations zakat/ donations 5,000 10,000 20,000 donations

Punjab 1.4 91,075 83.1 5.5 4.4 2.5 0.9 3.6 5,000 1,300

District Lodhran 1.0 1,521 91.9 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 8.1 3,000 15

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 1.7 430 83.8 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 16.2 2,319 7 Kehror Pacca 0.8 472 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 1,770 4 Lodhran 0.6 618 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 7,552 4

Area of residence

Rural 0.8 1,302 88.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 11.9 3,000 10 All Urban 2.1 219 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,505 5 Other Urban 2.1 219 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,505 5

Education of household head

None 1.0 884 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 3,000 9 Primary 1.5 256 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 5,831 4 Middle 0.7 132 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 . 1 Secondary 0.7 165 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 100.0 0 1 Higher 0.0 82 ...... 0 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 3 ...... 0

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 1.0 480 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 5 Second 1.5 456 82.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 17.9 3,000 7 Middle 0.8 356 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,284 3 Fourth 0.0 172 ...... 0 Highest 0.6 56 100.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 2,000 0

TEHSIL-WISE RESULTS OF DISTRICT LODHRAN 69 Table HC.13: Pension Benefits Percentage of households recieving pension by source, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Source of pension Number of Total Receiving households number of pension Govt EOBI Other Missing recieving housholds pension

Punjab 6.2 91,075 91.8 1.8 0.6 5.9 5,678

District Lodhran 2.6 1,521 88.5 - - 11.5 39

Tehsil

Dunya Pur 3.3 430 76.2 - - 23.8 14

Kehror Pacca 1.6 472 88.1 - - 11.9 7

Lodhran 2.8 618 98.2 - - 1.8 17

Area of residence

Rural 2.2 1,302 86.4 - - 13.6 29

All Urban 4.6 219 94.8 - - 5.2 10

Other Urban 4.6 219 94.8 - - 5.2 10

Education of household head

None 0.4 884 100.0 - - 0.0 4

Primary 2.8 256 83.1 - - 16.9 7

Middle 6.1 132 83.3 - - 16.7 8

Secondary 8.4 165 86.9 - - 13.1 14

Higher 7.7 82 97.0 - - 3.0 6

Madrasa/NSC 0.0 3 0.0 - - 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles

Lowest 0.4 480 100.0 - - 0.0 2

Second 1.0 456 100.0 - - 0.0 5

Middle 3.6 356 79.7 - - 20.3 13

Fourth 7.3 172 100.0 - - 0.0 13

Highest 13.3 56 74.6 - - 25.4 7

70 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08 Table HC.14A: Benefit from government social protection schemes Percentage of households benefiting from government social protection schemes, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

Benefits Number of Received benefits Total number households from govt schemes Dearness Health Education Marriage Subsidized Edu subsidy -Edu subsidy - of housholds Zakat Other Missing getting of social protection allowance subsidy subsidy grant food Books Cash benefits

Punjab 15.6 91,075 1.4 1.0 7.0 21.2 0.1 0.8 53.8 12.0 1.6 1.1 14,241

District Lodhran 5.7 1,521 11.2 2.0 2.1 27.3 1.6 1.3 25.7 11.2 15.3 2.3 87

Tehsil Dunya Pur 9.0 430 2.1 0.0 1.5 13.7 0.0 1.3 4.2 7.5 13.4 0.0 39 ESLWS EUT FDSRC LODHRAN DISTRICT OF RESULTS TEHSIL-WISE Kehror Pacca 5.1 472 1.4 2.0 0.0 9.0 0.0 0.0 10.2 3.4 0.8 1.2 24 Lodhran 3.9 618 7.8 0.0 0.7 4.5 1.6 0.0 11.4 0.4 1.1 1.1 24

Area of residence Rural 5.0 1,302 14.4 2.7 2.0 31.4 2.2 1.8 12.9 12.6 19.3 0.9 65 All Urban 10.1 219 2.4 0.0 2.6 15.8 0.0 0.0 61.4 7.5 4.1 6.2 22 Other Urban 10.1 219 2.4 0.0 2.6 15.8 0.0 0.0 61.4 7.5 4.1 6.2 22

Education of household head None 3.6 884 16.6 3.4 1.0 20.1 4.3 3.6 24.4 8.1 13.8 4.8 32 Primary 5.2 256 32.1 4.6 0.0 16.3 0.0 0.0 16.1 14.8 16.2 0.0 13 Middle 9.9 132 0.0 0.0 10.3 19.7 0.0 0.0 34.0 7.7 28.3 0.0 13 Secondary 9.9 165 0.0 0.0 1.7 50.6 0.0 0.0 24.5 10.3 13.0 0.0 16 Higher 15.3 82 0.0 0.0 0.0 33.8 0.0 0.0 33.7 20.6 7.9 3.9 13 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 2.2 480 21.5 0.0 0.0 18.9 12.3 10.3 10.4 11.1 10.4 5.1 11 Second 6.6 456 23.3 3.5 5.2 28.7 0.0 0.0 16.4 3.3 19.6 0.0 30 Middle 6.6 356 1.3 0.0 0.0 37.5 0.0 0.0 26.7 18.8 15.7 0.0 24 Fourth 10.1 172 0.0 3.5 0.0 25.4 0.0 0.0 41.4 11.5 12.6 5.5 17 Highest 8.9 56 0.0 0.0 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 53.8 24.4 8.1 8.1 5 71 Table HC.14B: Purchasing goods from government utility stores Percent distribution of households who are purchasing goods from government utility stores, MICS Punjab, 2007-08

How often purchase Considers govt utility stores as Number of Households goods from utility Total benefitial to a common man households purchasing stores number of purchasing goods from housholds Regu- Mis- goods from utility stores Rarely Yes No DK Missing larly sing utility stores

Punjab 11.8 91,075 16.8 79.4 3.8 20.9 69.7 8.6 0.9 10,780

District Lodhran 7.7 1,521 6.6 91.2 2.2 18.0 71.1 10.6 0.3 117

Tehsil Dunya Pur 5.4 430 8.0 87.1 4.9 27.2 71.2 1.1 0.5 23 Kehror Pacca 4.5 472 3.4 96.6 0.0 11.0 88.2 0.8 0.0 21 Lodhran 11.7 618 7.0 91.0 2.0 17.0 58.0 24.7 0.3 72

Area of residence Rural 6.0 1,302 5.5 91.1 3.4 18.8 69.0 12.0 0.3 78 All Urban 17.6 219 8.5 91.5 0.0 13.6 83.8 2.5 0.1 39 Other Urban 17.6 219 8.5 91.5 0.0 13.6 83.8 2.5 0.1 39

Education of household head None 5.4 884 5.6 94.4 0.0 13.8 73.2 12.7 0.3 48 Primary 7.2 256 3.2 96.8 0.0 21.5 68.1 9.9 0.5 18 Middle 9.1 132 3.4 87.2 9.4 19.0 70.9 10.1 0.0 12 Secondary 15.8 165 9.8 85.1 5.2 28.3 67.6 4.1 0.0 26 Higher 15.4 82 10.9 89.1 0.0 31.0 65.0 4.0 0.0 13 Madrasa/NSC 0.0 3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76.1 23.9 0.0 0

Wealth index quintiles Lowest 3.6 480 4.9 87.3 7.8 12.7 71.3 16.1 0.0 17 Second 6.8 456 7.1 88.5 4.3 17.6 72.1 10.3 0.0 31 Middle 7.5 356 4.2 95.8 0.0 17.4 74.3 7.6 0.7 27 Fourth 17.2 172 5.6 94.4 0.0 31.5 63.0 5.3 0.2 30 Highest 21.0 56 14.7 85.3 0.0 30.3 66.4 1.1 2.2 12

72 MICS PUNJAB 2007-08