DOCSLIB.ORG

Egg Retrieval by Canada Geese: Apparent Interspecific Retrieval And

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Egg Retrieval by Canada Geese: Apparent Interspecific Retrieval And 886 ShortCommunications [Auk, Vol. 101 DUNN,E.H. 1975. Caloricintake of nestingDouble- PRINCE, P. A., C. RICKETTS, & G. THOMAS. 1981. crested Cormorants. Auk 92: 553-565. Weight lossin incubatingalbatrosses and its im- GROSCOLAS,R., Y. LE MAHO, H. BARRE,& B. DESPIN. plications for their energy and food require- 1981. Strategie d'adaptation au froid chez le ments. Condor 83: 238-242. Manchot royal (subantarctique): comparaison STONEHOUSE,B. 1960. The King Penguin(Aptenody- avecle Manchot empereur(antarctique). Pp. 339- tes patagonicus).1. Breeding behaviour and de- 344 in CNFRA Colloque sur les ecosystemssub- velopment.Falkland IslandsDependencies Surv. antarctiques, 51 (P. Jouventin, L. Masse, and P. Sci. Repts. No. 23. Trehen, Eds.). URAMOTO,M. 1961. Ecologicalstudy of the bird KOOYMAN,G. L., R. W. DAVIS,J. P. CROXALL,• D. P. communityof the broad-leaveddeciduous forest COSTA. 1983. Diving depths and energy re- of central Japan. Misc. Repts. Yamashina Inst. quirementsof King Penguins.Science 217: 727. Ornithol. Zool. 3: 1-32. PENFOLD,V. 1979. Exhibition of penguins in the Montreal Aquarium. Intern. Zoo Yearbook 18: Received11 October1983, accepted26 March 1984. 70-72. Egg Retrieval by Canada Geese:Apparent Interspecific Retrieval and Tests of Egg Displacement DAVII• C. DUNCAN Departmentof Zoology,University of Alberta,Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2E9,Canada Eggretrieval, an innatebehavioral pattern in which and Prevett's(1973) hypothesis that egg retrieval may birds roll displaced eggs into their nests by using occuronly after incubationhas begun, it is interest- their bills, wasfirst describedin detail in the Greylag ing to note that the pintail eggswere not "retrieved" Goose (Anser anser)(Lorenz and Tinbergen 1939). until after the goosehad completedlaying. Prevettand Prevett(1973) reported that egg retrieval To investigate egg retrieval behavior in Canada occurred in numerous species of ground-nesting Geese, egg displacementtests were conducted be- birds, including a number of species of Anseri- tween 13 and 17 April 1983 on geesenesting in the formes, but made no reference to this behavior in area of the observation.One egg per nest was taken Canada Geese (Branta canadensis).Kossack (1950: 644) from 34 nests and placed at one of the following thought it unlikely that CanadaGeese retrieved eggs, distances from the nest: 25, 50, 75, or 100 cm. The becausehe found eggs lying outside and yet near distance was measured from the center of the dis- their nests.This note reports:(1) an incident in which placed egg to the outer edge of the nest bowl. The a CanadaGoose apparently "retrieved" the eggsfrom displacedeggs were marked with indelible ink and a nearby Northern Pintail (Anasacuta) nest, and (2) positionedso as to be readily visible from the nest. the resultsof teststo confirmegg retrieval in Canada About 50% of the geesewere laying at the time of Geeseand to determinethe distanceover which they egg displacement;virtually all, however, had fin- would retrieve eggs. ished laying when the eggs were checked4-6 days On 24 April 1982,a pintail nest with four eggswas later. Of the 32 geesethat continued incubation,all found 45 cm from the edge of a Canada Goosenest 27 with eggs placed at 25-75 cm from the nest re- containing three eggs. The nestswere on an island trieved the egg (10 from 25 cm, 8 from 50 cm, and 9 about 35 km southeastof Brooks,Alberta. Two days from 75 cm). In one casethe egg was rolled to the later, the pintail nestcontained six eggsand the goose edge of the nest but not into the nest bowl. Four of nest contained five. When the nests were checked 4 the 5 eggs placed 1 m from the nest were retrieved. dayslater, the goosewas incubatingfive gooseeggs Prevett and Prevett (1973) found that 95 cm was about and five pintail eggs, having apparently rolled the the maximum distancethat eggs were retrieved by pintail eggsinto her nest. Only a small ball of nest Snow Geese(Chen caerulescens). The testsreported here material remained where the pintail nest had been. suggestthat 1 m may be approachingthe limit from On 17 May the goosenest containedonly the five which Canada Geesewill retrieve eggs. They may gooseeggs. A few small fragmentsof eggshell were not, however, retrieve eggsat much over 1 m; in 1983 found around the nest, and I surmisethat the pintail a Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos)nest, located 110 cm eggswere either depredatedby gulls[I observedCal- from a CanadaGoose nest, remained undisturbedby ifornia Gulls (Laruscalifornicus) and Ring-billed Gulls the goose.Kossack's (1950) impressionthat Canada (Larusdelawarensis) eating duck eggsbut very seldom Geesedo not retrieve eggs may have been basedon gooseeggs] or were accidentallybroken and subse- observationsof eggsthat were lying beyond the egg quently removed by the goose.In light of Prevett retrieval limit. The retrieval limit indicated here for October 19841 ShortCommunications 887 the western Canada Goose(B.c. moffitti)may differ LITERATURE CITED greatly from that of other racesof Canada Geeseif the limit is proportional to the size of the bird. GIROUX,J-F. 1981. Ducksnesting in associationwith The proximity of duck neststo goosenests report- CanadaGeese. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 45: 778-782. ed herein may not have been accidental, as some KOSSAC}C,C. W. 1950. Breeding habits of Canada ducks may be inclined to nest close to nesting geese Geeseunder refuge conditions.Amer. Midland Natur. 43: 627-649. to benefit from the goose'ssuperior ability to deter predators(Long 1970,Giroux 1981). Egg retrieval by LONG,R. J. 1970. A study of nest-siteselection by geesecan result in the destructionof duck clutches island-nesting anatids in central Alberta. Un- laid within a goose'sretrieval limit, and, consequent- publishedM.S. thesis.Edmonton, Alberta, Univ. Alberta. ly, there may be selectionfor ducks to situate their LORENZ, K., & N. TINBERGEN. 1939. Taxis und In- nestsat some optimal distance from goosenests. Information contained in this note was gathered stinkthandlungin der Eirollbewegungder Grau- with the supportof an operating grant to D. A. Boag gans.I. Z. Tierpsychol.2: 1-29. from the Natural Sciencesand EngineeringResearch PREVETT,J.P., & L. S. PREVETT.1973. Egg retrieval Council of Canada. I thank R. Cotter for assistance in by Blue Geese.Auk 90: 202-204. the field and D. A. Boagfor his helpful commentson Received9 November1983, accepted13 March 1984. the manuscript. R. M. Evans and an anonymous re- viewer also provided helpful suggestions. Molts and Plumagesof Gadwalls in Winter STUART L. PAULUS • BiologyDepartment, University of NorthDakota, Grand Forks, North Dakota 58202 USA Previousstudies of Anatinae during the nonbreed- externallyand subjectivelycategorized the percent- ing seasonsuggested that the attainment of the ageof prealternatemolt completedby immatureand breeding (alternate)plumage may be related to the adult Gadwalls as 0-25% (early body molt), 26-50% time of pair formation (Weller 1965,McKinney 1970, (body molt nearly completed,lower rump molt un- Armbruster 1982). In these studies, however, no at- derway),51-75% (body molt completed,lower rump tempt was made to quantify the timing and se- molt nearly completed),and 76-100% (rump molt quencesof molt or to relate the timing of molt to the completed,tertials renewed and fully elongated,head age or sex of the individual. crest evident in males). The plumage sequenceof Gadwalls (Anasstrepera) A secondstudy involved the preparationof a pter- has been describedby Bellrose (1978), and Oring ylosis diagram, similar to that used by Billard and (1968) traced the molt sequenceof a captive flock of Humphrey (1972), for Gadwalls collectedon Rocke- Gadwallsover a 2-yr period. In this study I describe feller and Marsh Island SWR. From this diagram, I the molt sequenceof immature and adult birds win- determinedthe degreeof molt for the entire bird and tering in Louisianaand relate the timing of molt to for each body region by internal and external ex- age, sex,courtship activities, and energetics. amination of feathers and feather tracts, and I sub- Observations and collections of Gadwalls were jectivelycategorized the degreeas none, light (only conducted in southwest coastal Louisiana on Rocke- a few feathers growing), moderate (numerous new feller and Marsh Island StateWildlife Refuges(SWR), feathers growing), or heavy (nearly all feathers Sabine National Wildlife Refuge (NWR), and on pri- growing). Pterylosisdiagrams and plumage analyses vately owned lands within 20 km of RockefellerRef- were limited to adults, becauseonly a few immature uge.These areas have been described in Paulus(1982). birds were collected. I collected Gadwalls by shooting on Rockefeller Age and sex were determinedby internal exami- and Marsh Island SWRfrom November 1977through nation of the gonadsand bursaof Fabricius.The re- March 1978 and from hunters at Sabine NWR and lationship between the percentage of prealternate marshesadjacent to Rockefeller SWR from Novem- molt completed, courtship activities, and time of ber 1977 through early January 1978. Two studies pairing was determined during activity-budgetob- were conductedto determinemolt sequencesof Gad- servations of Gadwalls in Louisiana (Paulus 1984). walls in winter. First, I examined hunter-killed birds The prealternatemolt for most adult males began on the breeding grounds or while the birds were migratingsouth, and by late Januarythe prealternate •Present address:Department of Zoology-Ento- molt was completed(Table 1, Fig. 1). Major areasof mology,Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama36849 feather replacementfor adult malesduring fall were USA. the neck and humeral regions.Immature maleswere .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Bears in Oklahoma
    April 2010 Bears in Oklahoma Our speaker for the April 19 meeting of the Oklahoma City Audubon Society will be Jeremy Dixon, wildlife biologist at the Wichita Mountains Wildlife Refuge. His presentation is titled “The Strange But True History of Bears in Oklahoma.” For many years Jeremy was a biologist in Florida where he studied the interactions between black bears and humans. His master’s research was on the Conservation Genetics of the Florida Black Bear. Jeremy moved to Lawton in 2009 to experience life out here in the middle of the continent. Our grass prairie and ancient granite mountains are a new living environment for him. However, the black bears are coming back across Oklahoma from the east presenting birders an experience with a new and large predator to which we are unaccustomed. With an education from Jeremy, hopefully we can learn how to watch the birds while not feeding the bears ourselves. Come out for bear-hugging good time at bird club and bring a friend. County Birding: Kingfisher Jimmy Woodard On March 11, the group of 7 birders entered Kingfisher County in the far southeast corner. We located several small lakes with waterfowl: Canada Geese, Gadwall, Mallard, Green- Winged Teal and Ruddy Duck. We also found an adult Bald Eagle, the first of two found during the trip. Driving the back roads, we observed Great Horned Owl, Phoebe, King- fisher, and a bunch of sparrows – Harris, White Crowned, Song, Savannah, & Lincoln’s. We visited fields along the Cimarron River southeast of Dover. Carla Brueggen & her hus- band lease fields in this area.
    [Show full text]
  • Bird Species Checklist
    6 7 8 1 COMMON NAME Sp Su Fa Wi COMMON NAME Sp Su Fa Wi Bank Swallow R White-throated Sparrow R R R Bird Species Barn Swallow C C U O Vesper Sparrow O O Cliff Swallow R R R Savannah Sparrow C C U Song Sparrow C C C C Checklist Chickadees, Nuthataches, Wrens Lincoln’s Sparrow R U R Black-capped Chickadee C C C C Swamp Sparrow O O O Chestnut-backed Chickadee O O O Spotted Towhee C C C C Bushtit C C C C Black-headed Grosbeak C C R Red-breasted Nuthatch C C C C Lazuli Bunting C C R White-breasted Nuthatch U U U U Blackbirds, Meadowlarks, Orioles Brown Creeper U U U U Yellow-headed Blackbird R R O House Wren U U R Western Meadowlark R O R Pacific Wren R R R Bullock’s Oriole U U Marsh Wren R R R U Red-winged Blackbird C C U U Bewick’s Wren C C C C Brown-headed Cowbird C C O Kinglets, Thrushes, Brewer’s Blackbird R R R R Starlings, Waxwings Finches, Old World Sparrows Golden-crowned Kinglet R R R Evening Grosbeak R R R Ruby-crowned Kinglet U R U Common Yellowthroat House Finch C C C C Photo by Dan Pancamo, Wikimedia Commons Western Bluebird O O O Purple Finch U U O R Swainson’s Thrush U C U Red Crossbill O O O O Hermit Thrush R R To Coast Jackson Bottom is 6 Miles South of Exit 57.
    [Show full text]
  • To Download the Creamer's Field Student Activity Book
    Creamer's Field Student Activity Book Creamer's Field Migratory Waterfowl Refuge Fairbanks, Alaska Page 2 Alaska Songbird Institute Table of Contents Introduction Waterfowl (Geese & Ducks) Welcome to the new Creamer's Field Greater White-fronted Goose...........4 Student Activity Book! This book Canada Goose...................................5 includes a coloring guide to many Mallard.............................................6 of the common birds you can see at Northern Pintail................................7 Creamer's Field. It also includes some Birds of Prey (Raptors) pages to use in school and at home. Bald Eagle........................................8 Peregrine Falcon...............................9 We hope that you will remember to Cranes bring it with you every time you visit Sandhill Crane.................................10 Creamer's Field and to share what you Flycatchers have learned with others! Alder Flycatcher...............................11 Chickadees If you have feedback or questions, Black-capped Chickadee..................12 please contact the Alaska Songbird Kinglets Institute. This book and other Ruby-crowned Kinglet.....................13 educational materials are available Thrushes on our website at: Swainson’s Thrush...........................14 http://aksongbird.org. American Robin...............................15 Warblers This book was provided for you by Orange-crowned Warbler.................16 the Alaska Songbird Institute with support from Yellow-rumped Warbler...................17 the Alaska Department
    [Show full text]
  • Zwarich Message-Oct 17-B-1400-1430
    Wildlife Management Plan Terry Zwarich – Environmental Specialist Ashley Message – Environmental Engineer Agenda • Site Introduction • Wildlife at Mosaic Belle Plaine • Regulatory Requirements • Wildlife Management Practices • Specific Site Scenarios • Conclusion • Questions Introduction Characteristics of the site: • First potash solution mine, established in 1964 • Mining depth is 1630 meters • Occupies just over ten square miles • Nearly 70% of the land is considered arable or wild • Approximately 500 personnel • Produces 2.8 million metric tonnes annually Introduction • Between Mixed Grassland and Moist Mixed Grassland Prairie • Surrounded by agricultural crop consisting of canola, wheat, lentils and peas • In the middle of the North American Central Migratory Bird Flyway • Glaciolacustrine Plain or generally flat with few permanent water bodies Wildlife on Site Birds typically encountered: Animals typically encountered: • Canada Goose • Great Horned Owl • Red Fox • Barn Swallow • Ross’s Geese • White Tailed Deer • Snow Geese • Canvasback • Mule Deer • American Robin • Tern Species • Moose • Mourning Dove • Sanderling • Pronghorn • Snowy Owl • Grosbeck Species • Coyote • Killdeer • Bobolink • Muskrat • Grebe Species • Gull Species • American Badger • Blue-winged Teal • Killdeer • Tiger Salamander • Mallard • Northern Leopard Frog • Northern Pintail • American Coot • American Avocet • Sandpiper Species • Loggerhead Shrike • Blackbird Species Wildlife on Site Wildlife Behaviors/activities: Personnel Behaviors/activities: • Nesting •
    [Show full text]
  • 2019 Waterfowl Population Status Survey
    U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service Waterfowl Population Status, 2019 Waterfowl Population Status, 2019 August 19, 2019 In the United States the process of establishing hunting regulations for waterfowl is conducted annually. This process involves a number of scheduled meetings in which information regarding the status of waterfowl is presented to individuals within the agencies responsible for setting hunting regulations. In addition, the proposed regulations are published in the Federal Register to allow public comment. This report includes the most current breeding population and production information available for waterfowl in North America and is a result of cooperative eforts by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (USFWS), the Canadian Wildlife Service (CWS), various state and provincial conservation agencies, and private conservation organizations. In addition to providing current information on the status of populations, this report is intended to aid the development of waterfowl harvest regulations in the United States for the 2020–2021 hunting season. i Acknowledgments Waterfowl Population and Habitat Information: The information contained in this report is the result of the eforts of numerous individuals and organizations. Principal contributors include the Canadian Wildlife Service, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, state wildlife conservation agencies, provincial conservation agencies from Canada, and Direcci´on General de Conservaci´on Ecol´ogica de los Recursos Naturales, Mexico. In addition, several conservation organizations, other state and federal agencies, universities, and private individuals provided information or cooperated in survey activities. Appendix A.1 provides a list of individuals responsible for the collection and compilation of data for the “Status of Ducks” section of this report.
    [Show full text]
  • R,S,C,O,F) Snow Goose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind: C Ross' Goose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (N,S,E,W,C) Other 0 1 1A 2 2A B1-6 B7-14 B15-20 HC1-3 TOT Other 0
    WATERFOWL SPECIES COMPOSITION REPORT AREA : KERN NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE YEAR 2014-2015 Date: January 3, 2015 1 1A 2 2A B1-6 B7-14 B15-20 HC1-3 TOT Capacity: 57 Canada Goose 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Weather: C Greater White Fronted 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (R,S,C,O,F) Snow Goose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Wind: C Ross' Goose 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 (N,S,E,W,C) Other 0 1 1A 2 2A B1-6 B7-14 B15-20 HC1-3 TOT Other 0 Mallard 0 3 0 0 0 1 0 0 4 Total Geese 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Gadwall 0 1 18 0 0 1 0 0 20 American Coot 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 American Widgeon 0 6 4 0 0 0 0 0 10 Common Moorhen 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Northern Pintail 0 6 2 0 0 1 0 2 11 TOTAL WATERFOWL 0 53 122 0 0 27 0 9 211 Green-winged Teal 0 22 50 0 0 10 0 4 86 Cinnamon Teal 0 5 3 0 0 1 0 0 9 Upland Birds Blue-winged Teal 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Ring-necked Pheasant 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Northern Shoveler 0 10 32 0 0 12 0 3 57 Redhead 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Canvasback 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Ring-necked Duck 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 Adult WF Hunters 0 12 34 0 0 9 0 6 61 Lesser Scaup 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Jr.
    [Show full text]
  • Pennsylvania Game Commission Bureau of Wildlife Management Research Division Project Annual Job Report
    PENNSYLVANIA GAME COMMISSION BUREAU OF WILDLIFE MANAGEMENT RESEARCH DIVISION PROJECT ANNUAL JOB REPORT PROJECT CODE NO: 06510 TITLE: Waterfowl Research/Management JOB CODE NO.: 51001 TITLE: Waterfowl Banding PERIOD COVERED: 1 July 2000 to 30 June 2001 COOPERATING AGENCIES: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service; Pennsylvania Dept. of Conservation and Natural Resources, Bureau of Forestry, and Bureau of State Parks WORK LOCATION(S): Banding locations statewide PREPARED BY: Ian D. Gregg DATE: 9 November 2000 Abstract: The objective of this project is to band representative samples of wild waterfowl as part of a cooperative effort by state, provincial, and federal agencies in the Atlantic Flyway that provides crucial data for management of the waterfowl resource. During June 2000, 2,521 resident Canada geese (97% of the state quota) were banded at 32 locations across Pennsylvania. During the August- September 2000 preseason banding period, 4,109 ducks were banded in Pennsylvania, including 3,071 mallards, 913 wood ducks, 55 black ducks, 53 blue-winged teal, 8 mallard x black duck hybrids, and 9 individuals of 4 other species (northern pintail, green-winged teal, northern shoveler, and hooded merganser). All banding quotas for mallards, and quotas for juvenile wood ducks, were obtained. Bandings of adult wood ducks, and adult and juvenile black ducks, were below the state quotas (400 adult wood ducks and 50 adult and 50 juvenile black ducks). Abundant rainfall during the spring and summer of 2000 enhanced the quantity and quality of waterfowl breeding and brood-rearing habitat across much of the state, and production of both mallards and wood ducks appeared to be above average based upon percentages of juveniles in the banding totals.
    [Show full text]
  • 13.1.3. Life History Strategies and Habitat Needs of the Northern Pintail
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Waterfowl Management Handbook US Fish & Wildlife Service January 1991 13.1.3. Life History Strategies and Habitat Needs of the Northern Pintail Leigh H. Fredrickson Gaylord Memorial Laboratory, The School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri–Columbia, Puxico, MO Mickey E. Heitmeyer Ducks Unlimited Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmwfm Part of the Environmental Sciences Commons Fredrickson, Leigh H. and Heitmeyer, Mickey E., "13.1.3. Life History Strategies and Habitat Needs of the Northern Pintail" (1991). Waterfowl Management Handbook. 37. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/icwdmwfm/37 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the US Fish & Wildlife Service at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Waterfowl Management Handbook by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. WATERFOWL MANAGEMENT HANDBOOK 13.1.3. Life History Strategies and Habitat Needs of the Northern Pintail Leigh H. Fredrickson Gaylord Memorial Laboratory Species Profile—Northern Pintail The School of Natural Resources University of Missouri–Columbia Scientific name: Anas acuta Puxico, MO 63960 Weight in pounds (grams): Adults—male 2.3 (1,040 g), female 1.9 (860 g) and Immatures—male 2 (910 g), female 1.8 (820 g) Age of first breeding: 1 year Mickey E. Heitmeyer Clutch size: 8, range 3–14 Ducks Unlimited Incubation period: 22–23 days 9823 Old Winery Place, Suite 16 Age at fledging: 36–43 days in Alaska, Sacramento, CA 95827 42–57 days on prairies Nest sites: Low, sparse vegetation, often far from water Food habits: Omnivore; primarily moist-soil The northern pintail (hereafter pintail) is a seeds, as well as chufa nutlets; cultivated common dabbling duck distributed throughout the grains, especially rice and barley.
    [Show full text]
  • 2017 District O-Rama Scorecard SR ANSWERS.Pdf
    Welcome to the Wildlife O-Rama! SENIOR KEY NAME: _______________________________________________________________ COUNTY: _____________________________________________________________ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * For Judges Use Only Score Wildlife ID (30 pts) Wildlife Foods (15 pts) Wildlife Concepts (15 pts) Total RANK: _______________________ Wildlife Identification Mississippi Alluvial Plain & Urban MATCHING: Identify the wildlife species represented by the numbered item on the table and write the letter of the wildlife species in the blank. Answers can be repeated. 1. 16. A. American bittern B. American black duck 2. 17. C. American robin D. American wigeon 3. 18. E. Big brown bat F. Black bear 4. 19. G. Bluegill H. Blue-winged teal 5. 20. I. Bobcat J. Canada goose 6. 21. K. Common nighthawk L. Coyote 7. 22. M. Eastern box turtle N. Eastern bluebird 8. 23. O. Eastern cottontail P. Eastern fox squirrel 9. 24. Q. Eastern gray squirrel R. European starling 10. 25. S. Hairy woodpecker T. House finch 11. 26. U. House sparrow V. House wren 12. 27. W. Largemouth bass X. Mallard 13. 28. Y. Mourning dove Z. Northern flicker 14. 29. AA. Northern pintail BB. Opossum 15. 30. CC. Prothonotary warbler DD. Raccoon EE. Red-eyed vireo FF. Red fox GG. Redhead HH. Rock pigeon II. Ruby-throated hummingbird JJ. Song sparrow KK. White-tailed deer LL. Wood duck 2 Wildlife Foods MULTIPLE CHOICE: Select the best answer and write the letter in the blank. HINT: The foods item represents a food category described in the study materials. The food sample itself may not be eaten by a particular animal. _____31. Which animal commonly eats this food? (soft mast) A.
    [Show full text]
  • North American Game Birds & Game Animals
    North American Game Birds & Game Animals LARGE GAME BEAR: Black Bear, Brown Bear, Grizzly Bear, Polar Bear Bison, Wood Bison CARIBOU: Barren Ground Caribou, Dolphin Caribou, Union Caribou, Woodland Caribou Mountain Lion DEER: Axis Deer, Blacktailed Deer, Chital, Columbian Blacktailed Deer, Mule Deer, Whitetailed Deer Elk: Rocky Mountain Elk, Tule Elk Gemsbok GOAT: bezoar goat, ibex, mountain goat, Rocky Mountain goat Moose, including Shiras Moose Muskox Pronghorn SHEEP: Barbary Sheep, Bighorn Sheep, California Bighorn Sheep, Dall’s Sheep, Desert Bighorn Sheep, Lanai Mouflon Sheep, Nelson Bighorn Sheep, Rocky Mountain Bighorn Sheep, Stone Sheep, Thinhorn Mountain Sheep SMALL GAME Armadillo Badger Beaver Bobcat North American Civet Cat/Ring-tailed Cat, Spotted Skunk Coyote Ferret, feral ferret Fisher Foxes: arctic fox, gray fox, red fox, swift fox Lynx Marmot, including Alaska marmot, groundhog, hoary marmot, woodchuck Marten, including American marten and pine marten Mink Mole Mouse Muskrat Nutria Opossum Otter, river otter Pigs: feral swine, javelina, wild boar, wild hogs, wild pigs Pika Porcupine Prairie Dogs: Black-tailed Prairie Dogs, Gunnison’s Prairie Dogs, White-tailed Prairie Dogs Rabbits & Hare: Arctic Hare, Black-tailed Jackrabbit, Cottontail Rabbit, Belgian Hare, European Hare, Snowshoe Hare, Swamp Rabbit, Varying Hare, White-tailed Jackrabbit Raccoon Rats, including Kangaroo Rat and Wood Rat Shrew Skunk, including Striped Skunk and Spotted Skunk Squirrels: Abert’s Squirrel, Black Squirrel,
    [Show full text]
  • Birds and Mammals of the Bear Lake Basin, Utah
    Natural Resources and Environmental Issues Volume 14 Bear Lake Basin Article 16 2007 Birds and mammals of the Bear Lake basin, Utah Patsy Palacios SJ & Jessie E Quinney Natural Resources Research Library, Utah State University, Logan Chris Luecke Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan Justin Robinson Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei Recommended Citation Palacios, Patsy; Luecke, Chris; and Robinson, Justin (2007) "Birds and mammals of the Bear Lake basin, Utah," Natural Resources and Environmental Issues: Vol. 14 , Article 16. Available at: https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/nrei/vol14/iss1/16 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at DigitalCommons@USU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Natural Resources and Environmental Issues by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@USU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Palacios et al.: Birds and mammals of the Bear Lake basin, Utah Bear Lake Basin: History, Geology, Biology and People 77 BIRDS AND MAMMALS Many bird species use Bear Lake seasonally or during migrations. Herons, egrets, sandpipers, rails, pelicans, geese, coots, grebes, Tundra swans and osprey are common visitors throughout the year. During the spring months of April through June the area becomes the primary breeding grounds for the burrowing owl, gray flycatcher, long-billed curlew, peregrine falcon, and the black-throated gray warbler. Early in the summer months, several species of mergansers and diving ducks converge on the rocky shorelines to fish as the newly hatched Bear Lake sculpin occupy shallow waters during this period.
    [Show full text]
  • Habitat Selection and Activities of Dabbling Ducks During Non-Breeding Periods
    The Journal of Wildlife Management; DOI: 10.1002/jwmg.21324 Research Article Habitat Selection and Activities of Dabbling Ducks during Non-Breeding Periods JOSHUA M. OSBORN,1 Illinois Natural History Survey, Forbes Biological Station—Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, P.O. Box 590, Havana, IL 62644, USA HEATH M. HAGY, Illinois Natural History Survey, Forbes Biological Station—Bellrose Waterfowl Research Center, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, P.O. Box 590, Havana, IL 62644, USA MATTHEW D. MCCLANAHAN, Conservation Districts of Iowa, Le Mars, IA 51031, USA J. BRIAN DAVIS, Department of Wildlife, Fisheries and Aquaculture, Mississippi State University, Box 9690, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA MATTHEW J. GRAY, Department of Forestry, Wildlife, and Fisheries, University of Tennessee, 274 Ellington Plant Sciences Building, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA ABSTRACT Western Tennessee is an important region for waterfowl during non-breeding periods, supporting >40% of the Mississippi Flyway population of American black ducks (Anas rubripes). Understanding habitat selection and activities of waterfowl during the non-breeding period is important for directed habitat management on national wildlife refuges and in other wetlands important in meeting regional waterfowl conservation objectives. During November–February 2011–2013, we investigated diurnal habitat selection and activities of dabbling ducks (Anatini) among 5 common wetland types relative to emergent cover, water depth, and energetic carrying capacity (i.e., duck energy days [DEDs]) in western Tennessee, USA. We observed waterfowl daily and sampled food resources monthly at Tennessee and Cross Creeks National Wildlife Refuges. Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), gadwall (A. strepera), northern pintail (A. acuta), and American green-winged teal (A.
    [Show full text]