DOCSLIB.ORG

Data Mining the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: an Introduction to the Epidemiology of Information

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Data Mining the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: an Introduction to the Epidemiology of Information Data Mining the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: An Introduction to the Epidemiology of Information Partner Institutions: Virginia Tech and the University of Toronto Presentation for the Joint Conference on Digital Libraries Washington DC June 12, 2012 Tom Ewing ([email protected]) Virginia Tech Kansas City Star, October 10,1918, p. 8 Kansas City Star, October 10,1918, p. 8 Accessed from Newsbank America’s Historical Newspapers Collection An Epidemiology of Information Research Questions – Influenza and the War, Fall 1918 – Tracking the Flow of Information – Prevention, Treatment, and Cure Big Data 100,000 PLUS newspaper articles about the influenza pandemic in the United States and Canada, 1917-1919 Data Sources Chronicling America Peel’s Prairie Provinces Readex Newsbank America’s Historical Newspapers * Proquest Historical Newspapers * Georgia / California Newspaper Projects Newspapers Not (Yet) Digitized (Microfilm) * Subscription only Articles (Key word: “influenza”) Database (Titles) 1917-1919 Just 1918 Chronicling America 12,365 6,389 Peel’s Prairie Provinces 2,147 1,212 Newsbank America’s Historical Newspapers 51,929 31,717 Proquest: New York Times 9,304 3,518 Washington Post 1,545 1,069 San Francisco Chronicle 1,366 914 Los Angeles Times 13,033 1,970 Chicago Tribune 3,430 1,455 Atlanta Constitution 1,772 931 Baltimore Sun 3,586 1,639 Boston Globe 1,440 843 Georgia Newspaper Project 669 517 California Newspaper Project 203 123 Totals 102,789 52,174 Project Team Principal Investigators: – Tom Ewing, Department of History (VT) – Bernice Hausman, Department of English (VT) – Bruce Pencek, University Libraries (VT) – Naren Ramakrishnan, Dept of Computer Science (VT) – Gunther Eysenbach, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation at University Health Network (UT) Graduate Research Assistants – Samah Gad, Dept of Computer Science (VT) – Michelle Seref, Department of English (VT) – Laura West, Department of History (VT) Kansas City Star, October 10, 1918, p. 8 Washington Star, October 10, 1918, p. 1 Evening Times (Washington) October 10, 1918, p. 6 Evening Missourian, Oct 10, 1918, p. 1 Evening Public Ledger (Philadelphia), October 10, 1918, p. 1 Atlanta Constitution, October 10, 1918 Method: Manual Text Analysis • Step One: Identify Relevant Articles – Key word search within date parameters, or – Review every issue of newspaper on microfilm • Step Two: Read and analyze each article – Identify main themes – Use textual evidence to address research questions – Make comparisons across time / context • Step Three: Develop interpretation – Rhetoric: how does the language convey meaning? – History: how does the text represent experience? The Digging into Data Challenge How can big data analysis enhance the methods of manual text analysis, with the goals of 1) contributing to understanding of the 1918 influenza epidemic; and 2) contributing to developing new methods of data mining applicable to other pandemics? Results for “influenza” in Kansas City Star, September 15-November 15, 1918 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Topic Clouds, for Washington Times Newspaper Tone Analysis of Advertisements with word “influenza,” Washington Times and Kansas City Star, October 1918 (n=104) 8 22 27 Alarmist 10 Warning 8 Encouraging Patriotic / war 27 Explanatory / Information 21 Prevention / Preparation Selling other products 9 Cure / Treatment Recovery 62 Building a tone detection algorithm Categories used to Describe Tone for Paragraphs before/after word “influenza”: Alarmist/Fear Warning/Caution Encouraging/Exhorting Patriotic/War Explanatory/information Prevention/Preparation Humorous/Anecdotal Cure/Treatment of Symptoms Recovery Incomprehensible Major Challenges Matching research questions to practices across disciplines (History, Rhetoric, Public Health, Computer Sciences, Information Sciences) Inconsistency in data due to OCR procedures Gaps in digitized newspapers across databases Incorporating newspapers that are not digital Defining a consistent methodology that yields meaningful results Next steps Develop methods to identify tone in articles about influenza from Chronicling America Expand applications across newspaper databases Refine methods for content analysis using data mining techniques Apply methods to track discussion of disease in contemporary forms of media (Facebook, Twitter, Google) Data Mining the 1918 Influenza Pandemic: An Introduction to the Epidemiology of Information Partner Institutions: Virginia Tech and the University of Toronto Contact information: Tom Ewing [email protected] Roanoke Times, October 27, 1918, p. 2 .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Health Informatics (Formerly Computers in Health Care) Kathryn J
    Health Informatics (formerly Computers in Health Care) Kathryn J. Hannah Marion J. Ball Series Editors Deborah Lewis Gunther Eysenbach Rita Kukafka P. Zoë Stavri Holly B. Jimison Editors Consumer Health Informatics Informing Consumers and Improving Health Care With 28 Illustrations With a Foreword by Warner V. Slack Deborah Lewis, EdD, RN, MPH Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH Associate Professor and Coordinator Senior Scientist, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation Nursing Informatics Division of Medical Decision Making and Health Care University of Pittsburgh School Research of Nursing Toronto General Research Institute of the UHN Pittsburgh, PA 15261 and USA Associate Professor Department of Health Policy Management and Evaluation University of Toronto Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada Rita Kukafka, DrPH, MA, CHES P. Zoë Stavri, MLS, PhD Holly B. Jimison, PhD Assistant Professor Assistant Professor Medical Informatics Investigator Mailman School of Public Health Oregon Health & Science KP Center for Health Research Division of Sociomedical Sciences University and Department of Medical Informatics and Assistant Professor Columbia University Visiting Assistant Public Health and Preventive New York, NY 10032 Professor, part-time Medicine USA Health Sciences Oregon Health & Science Informatics, SOM, JHU University Chambersburg, PA 17201 Portland, OR 97227-1110 USA USA Series Editors: Kathryn J. Hannah, PhD, RN Marion J. Ball, EdD Adjunct Professor, Department of Vice President, Clinical Informatics Strategies Community Health Science Health Sciences Informatics, SOM, JNU Faculty of Medicine Chambersburg, PA 17201 The University of Calgary Healthlink, Inc. Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1 Baltimore, MD 21210 Canada and Adjunct Professor The Johns Hopkins University School of Nursing Baltimore, MD 21205 USA ISBN 0-387-23991-X Printed on acid-free paper.
    [Show full text]
  • Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review
    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH Mavragani Review Infodemiology and Infoveillance: Scoping Review Amaryllis Mavragani, BSc, MSc Department of Computing Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Stirling, Stirling, United Kingdom Corresponding Author: Amaryllis Mavragani, BSc, MSc Department of Computing Science and Mathematics Faculty of Natural Sciences University of Stirling University Campus Stirling, FK9 4LA United Kingdom Phone: 44 7523 782711 Email: [email protected] Abstract Background: Web-based sources are increasingly employed in the analysis, detection, and forecasting of diseases and epidemics, and in predicting human behavior toward several health topics. This use of the internet has come to be known as infodemiology, a concept introduced by Gunther Eysenbach. Infodemiology and infoveillance studies use web-based data and have become an integral part of health informatics research over the past decade. Objective: The aim of this paper is to provide a scoping review of the state-of-the-art in infodemiology along with the background and history of the concept, to identify sources and health categories and topics, to elaborate on the validity of the employed methods, and to discuss the gaps identified in current research. Methods: The PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines were followed to extract the publications that fall under the umbrella of infodemiology and infoveillance from the JMIR, PubMed, and Scopus databases. A total of 338 documents were extracted for assessment. Results: Of the 338 studies, the vast majority (n=282, 83.4%) were published with JMIR Publications. The Journal of Medical Internet Research features almost half of the publications (n=168, 49.7%), and JMIR Public Health and Surveillance has more than one-fifth of the examined studies (n=74, 21.9%).
    [Show full text]
  • The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES)
    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH Eysenbach Editorial Improving the Quality of Web Surveys: The Checklist for Reporting Results of Internet E-Surveys (CHERRIES) Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH Corresponding Author: Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH Editor-in-Chief, JMIR Associate Professor, Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation Senior Scientist, Centre for Global eHealth Innovation University of Toronto University Health Network 190 Elizabeth Street Toronto ON M5G 2C4 Canada Phone: +1 416 340 4800 ext 6427 Fax: +1 416 340 3595 Email: [email protected] Related Article: This is a corrected version. See correction statement in: http://www.jmir.org/2012/1/e8 Abstract Analogous to checklists of recommendations such as the CONSORT statement (for randomized trials), or the QUORUM statement (for systematic reviews), which are designed to ensure the quality of reports in the medical literature, a checklist of recommendations for authors is being presented by the Journal of Medical Internet Research (JMIR) in an effort to ensure complete descriptions of Web-based surveys. Papers on Web-based surveys reported according to the CHERRIES statement will give readers a better understanding of the sample (self-)selection and its possible differences from a ªrepresentativeº sample. It is hoped that author adherence to the checklist will increase the usefulness of such reports. (J Med Internet Res 2004;6(3):e34) doi: 10.2196/jmir.6.3.e34 the survey in the first place, its execution, and the authors© Introduction conclusions. Conclusions drawn from a convenience sample The Internet is increasingly used for online surveys and are limited and need to be qualified in the discussion section of Web-based research.
    [Show full text]
  • Experience in the Use of Social Media in Medical and Health Education Chris Paton
    University of San Francisco USF Scholarship Repository Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research School of Nursing and Health Professions and Publications 2011 Experience in the Use of Social Media in Medical and Health Education Chris Paton Panagiotis Bamidis Gunther Eysenbach Margaret M. Hansen EdD, MSN, RN University of San Francisco, [email protected] Miguel Cabrer Follow this and additional works at: http://repository.usfca.edu/nursing_fac Part of the Medical Education Commons Recommended Citation Paton, Chris; Bamidis, Panagiotis; Eysenbach, Gunther; Hansen, Margaret M. EdD, MSN, RN; and Cabrer, Miguel, "Experience in the Use of Social Media in Medical and Health Education" (2011). Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications. Paper 6. http://repository.usfca.edu/nursing_fac/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Nursing and Health Professions at USF Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nursing and Health Professions Faculty Research and Publications by an authorized administrator of USF Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Experience in the Use of Social Media in Medical and Health Education Chris Paton1, Panagiotis Bamidis2, Gunther Eysenbach3, Margaret Hansen4, Miguel Cabrer5 1. University of Auckland, New Zealand; 2. Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece; 3. University of Toronto, Canada; 4. University of San Francisco, USA; 5. MedTing Ltd, Palma de Mallorca, Spain Abstract Objectives Social media are online tools that allow collaboration and community building. Succinctly, they can be described as applications where “users add value”. This paper aims to show how five educators have used social media tools in medical and health education to attempt to add value to the education they provide.
    [Show full text]
  • Randomized Controlled Trial
    J Med Internet Res. 2015 Mar; 17(3): e71. PMCID: PMC4385175 Published online 2015 Mar 20. doi: 10.2196/jmir.3582 Web-Based Psychotherapy for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in War-Traumatized Arab Patients: Randomized Controlled Trial Monitoring Editor: Gunther Eysenbach Reviewed by Thomas Berger, Heide Gläsmer, Nexhmedin Morina, and Sitwat Langrial Christine Knaevelsrud, PhD, 12 Janine Brand, MA,1,2 Alfred Lange, PhD,3 Jeroen Ruwaard, PhD,4 and Birgit Wagner, PhD5 1Department of Clinical Psychology, Freie University, Berlin, Germany 2Treatment Center for Torture Victims, Berlin, Germany 3Department of Clinical Psychology, Universität Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands 4Department of Clinical Psychology, VU University, Amsterdam, Netherlands 5Department Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany Christine Knaevelsrud, Department of Clinical Psychology, Freie University, Habelschwerdter Allee 45, Berlin, 14195, Germany, Phone: 49 30 838557, Fax: 49 30 83851233, Email: [email protected]. Corresponding author. Corresponding Author: Christine Knaevelsrud ; Email: [email protected] Received 2014 Jun 4; Revisions requested 2014 Jul 17; Revised 2014 Sep 1; Accepted 2014 Nov 26. Copyright ©Christine Knaevelsrud, Janine Brand, Alfred Lange, Jeroen Ruwaard, Birgit Wagner. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http://www.jmir.org), 20.03.2015. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses /by/2.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work, first published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research, is properly cited. The complete bibliographic information, a link to the original publication on http://www.jmir.org/, as well as this copyright and license information must be included.
    [Show full text]
  • Journal of Medical Internet Research
    Journal of Medical Internet Research Impact Factor (2018): 4.945 - ranked #1 medical informatics journal by Impact Factor Volume 5 (2003), Issue 2 ISSN: 1438-8871 Editor in Chief: Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH Contents Editorial SARS and Population Health Technology (e14) Gunther Eysenbach. 2 Original Papers Doctors Who Are Using E-mail With Their Patients: a Qualitative Exploration (e9) Madhavi Patt, Thomas Houston, Mollie Jenckes, Daniel Sands, Daniel Ford. 8 The Evolution of Web-based Medical Information on Sore Throat: a Longitudinal Study (e10) Vincenzo Currò, Paola Buonuomo, Paola De Rose, Roberta Onesimo, Andrea Vituzzi, Alessandro D©Atri. 17 Development and Evaluation of the Virtual Pathology Slide: A New Tool in Telepathology (e11) Sean Costello, Daniel Johnston, Peter Dervan, Daniel O©Shea. 23 Use of the World Wide Web to Implement Clinical Practice Guidelines: A Feasibility Study (e12) Jean-Gabriel Jeannot, Frédy Scherer, Valérie Pittet, Bernard Burnand, John-Paul Vader. 36 Collaborative e-Learning Using Streaming Video and Asynchronous Discussion Boards to Teach the Cognitive Foundation of Medical Interviewing: A Case Study (e13) John Wiecha, Robert Gramling, Phyllis Joachim, Hannelore Vanderschmidt. 43 Viewpoint Internet-based Patient Self-care: The Next Generation of Health Care Delivery (e8) June Forkner-Dunn. 50 Journal of Medical Internet Research 2003 | vol. 5 | iss. 2 | p.1 XSL·FO RenderX JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH Eysenbach Editorial SARS and Population Health Technology Gunther Eysenbach, MD Corresponding Author:
    [Show full text]
  • Eysenbach G (2001)
    Journal of Medical Internet Research Impact Factor (2018): 4.945 - ranked #1 medical informatics journal by Impact Factor Volume 3 (2001), Issue 2 ISSN: 1438-8871 Editor in Chief: Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH Contents Editorials What is e-health? (e20) G Eysenbach. 3 What is e-Health (2): The death of telemedicine? (e22) Vincenzo Della Mea. 5 Original Papers A Web-Based Distance Education Course in Nutrition in Public Health: Case study (e16) Dirce Sigulem, Tania Morais, Lilian Cuppari, Sylvia Franceschini, Silvia Priore, Kátia Camargo, Reinaldo Gimenez, Viviane Bernardo, Daniel Sigulem. 7 A Framework for an Institutional High Level Security Policy for the Processing of Medical Data and their Transmission through the Internet (e14) Christos Ilioudis, George Pangalos. 20 Comparing Web and Touch Screen Transaction Log Files (e18) David Nicholas, Paul Huntington, Peter Williams. 27 Virtual Sonography Through the Internet: Volume Compression Issues (e21) Olga Ferrer-Roca, Joseba Vilarchao-Cavia, Juan-Mario Troyano-Luque, Matilde Clavijo. 38 Review Ethical Challenges of Medicine and Health on the Internet: A Review (e23) Kirsti Dyer. 55 Short Paper Factors Associated with Intended Use of a Web Site Among Family Practice Patients (e17) Peggy Smith-Barbaro, John Licciardone, Howard Clarke, Samuel Coleridge. 71 Journal of Medical Internet Research 2001 | vol. 3 | iss. 2 | p.1 XSL·FO RenderX Viewpoints Evidence-based Patient Choice and Consumer health informatics in the Internet age (e19) Gunther Eysenbach, Alejandro Jadad. 77 The Patient-Physician Relationship in the Internet Age: Future Prospects and the Research Agenda (e15) Ben Gerber, Arnold Eiser. 88 Journal of Medical Internet Research 2001 | vol.
    [Show full text]
  • The Four Pillars of Infodemic Management
    JOURNAL OF MEDICAL INTERNET RESEARCH Eysenbach Editorial How to Fight an Infodemic: The Four Pillars of Infodemic Management Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH, FACMI JMIR Publications, Toronto, ON, Canada Corresponding Author: Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH, FACMI JMIR Publications 130 Queens Quay East, Suite 1100 Toronto, ON, Canada Phone: 1 416 583 2040 Email: [email protected] Related Article: Comment on: http://www.jmir.org/2020/6/e19659/ Abstract In this issue of the Journal of Medical Internet Research, the World Health Organization (WHO) is presenting a framework for managing the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) infodemic. Infodemiology is now acknowledged by public health organizations and the WHO as an important emerging scientific field and critical area of practice during a pandemic. From the perspective of being the first ªinfodemiolgistº who originally coined the term almost two decades ago, I am positing four pillars of infodemic management: (1) information monitoring (infoveillance); (2) building eHealth Literacy and science literacy capacity; (3) encouraging knowledge refinement and quality improvement processes such as fact checking and peer-review; and (4) accurate and timely knowledge translation, minimizing distorting factors such as political or commercial influences. In the current COVID-19 pandemic, the United Nations has advocated that facts and science should be promoted and that these constitute the antidote to the current infodemic. This is in stark contrast to the realities of infodemic mismanagement and misguided upstream filtering, where social media platforms such as Twitter have advertising policies that sideline science organizations and science publishers, treating peer-reviewed science as ªinappropriate content.º (J Med Internet Res 2020;22(6):e21820) doi: 10.2196/21820 KEYWORDS infodemiology; infodemic; COVID-19 panelist to talk about the responsibility and potential approaches The World Health Organization Declares for scholarly publishers to combat the infodemic.
    [Show full text]
  • View on Interactive Health Communication Applications: Impact on Media, Scientists, and Patients (E18) Roy Rada
    Journal of Medical Internet Research Impact Factor (2018): 4.945 - ranked #1 medical informatics journal by Impact Factor Volume 7 (2005), Issue 2 ISSN: 1438-8871 Editor in Chief: Gunther Eysenbach, MD, MPH Contents Editorial "Is Cybermedicine Killing You?" - The Story of a Cochrane Disaster (e21) Gunther Eysenbach, Per Kummervold. 3 Original Papers Expectations of Patients and Physicians Regarding Patient-Accessible Medical Records (e13) Stephen Ross, Jamie Todd, Laurie Moore, Brenda Beaty, Loretta Wittevrongel, Chen-Tan Lin. 11 Shoestring Budgets, Band-Aids, and Team Work: Challenges and Motivators in the Development of a Web-Based Resource for Undergraduate Clinical Skills Teaching (e14) Collan Simmons, Joyce Nyhof-Young, John Bradley. 19 Privacy vs Usability: A Qualitative Exploration of Patients© Experiences With Secure Internet Communication With Their General Practitioner (e15) Aksel Tjora, Trung Tran, Arild Faxvaag. 29 Overcoming Depression on the Internet (ODIN) (2): A Randomized Trial of a Self-Help Depression Skills Program With Reminders (e16) Greg Clarke, Donna Eubanks, Ed Reid, Chris Kelleher, Elizabeth O©Connor, Lynn DeBar, Frances Lynch, Sonia Nunley, Christina Gullion. 40 Vaccine Criticism on the World Wide Web (e17) Richard Zimmerman, Robert Wolfe, Dwight Fox, Jake Fox, Mary Nowalk, Judith Troy, Lisa Sharp. 52 A Case Study of a Retracted Systematic Review on Interactive Health Communication Applications: Impact on Media, Scientists, and Patients (e18) Roy Rada. 60 Teaching Elderly Adults to Use the Internet to Access Health Care Information: Before-After Study (e19) Robert Campbell, David Nolfi. 68 Information Needs and Visitors© Experience of an Internet Expert Forum on Infertility (e20) Wolfgang Himmel, Juliane Meyer, Michael Kochen, Hans Michelmann.
    [Show full text]
  • Credibility of Health Information and Digital Media: New Perspectives and Implications for Youth." Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility.Edited by Miriam J
    Citation: Eysenbach, Gunther. “Credibility of Health Information and Digital Media: New Perspectives and Implications for Youth." Digital Media, Youth, and Credibility.Edited by Miriam J. Metzger and Andrew J. Flanagin. The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Series on Digital Media and Learning. Cambridge, MA: The MIT Press, 2008. 123–154. doi: 10.1162/dmal.9780262562324.123 Copyright: c 2008 Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Published under Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-No Derivative Works Unported 3.0 license. Credibility of Health Information and Digital Media: New Perspectives and Implications for Youth Gunther Eysenbach University of Toronto, Department of Health Policy, Management, and Evaluation; Centre for Global eHealth Innovation, University Health Network, Toronto The Special Role of Health Information Searching for health information online is often said to be one of the most common activities on the Internet.1 Such sweeping (and only partially accurate) claims are mostly based on survey data, such as the Pew Internet & American Life Report,2 which found that “80% of adult Internet users, or about 93 million Americans, have searched for at least one of 16 major health topics online.” The report concluded that “this makes the act of looking for health or medical information one of the most popular activities online.” Other surveys from industrialized countries have arrived at similar conclusions. For example, Statistics Canada concluded that between 1999 and 2003 health information was the most prevalent Internet activity each year aside from e-mail and “general browsing,” well ahead of such things as searching for travel information, government information, or electronic banking.3 Surveys further show that these trends also apply to young people.4 For example, a recent survey of 1,100 U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Infodemics and Infodemiology: a Short History, a Long Future
    01 Pan American Journal Opinion and analysis of Public Health 02 03 04 05 06 Infodemics and infodemiology: a short history, 07 08 a long future 09 10 11 1 Chris Zielinski 12 13 14 15 Suggested citation Zielinski C. Infodemics and infodemiology: a short history, a long future. Rev Panam Salud Publica. 2021;45:e40. 16 https://doi.org/10.26633/RPSP.2021.40 17 18 19 20 ABSTRACT An “infodemic” is defined as “an overabundance of information – some accurate and some not – occurring 21 during an epidemic”. This paper describes the characteristics of an infodemic, which combines an inordi- 22 nately high volume of information (leading to problems relating to locating the information, storage capacity, 23 ensuring quality, visibility and validity) and rapid output (making it hard to assess its value, manage the gate- 24 keeping process, apply results, track its history, and leading to a waste of effort). This is bound up with the 25 collateral growth of misinformation, disinformation and malinformation. Solutions to the problems posed by an infodemic will be sought in improved technology and changed social and regulatory frameworks. One solution 26 could be a new trusted top-level domain for health information. The World Health Organization has so far made 27 two unsuccessful attempts to create such a domain, but it is suggested this could be attempted again, in the 28 light of the COVID-19 infodemic experience. The vital role of reliable information in public health should also be 29 explicitly recognized in the Sustainable Development Goals, with explicit targets. All countries should develop 30 knowledge preparedness plans for future emergencies.
    [Show full text]
  • Information in Practice BMJ: First Published As 10.1136/Bmj.323.7321.1103 on 10 November 2001
    Information in practice BMJ: first published as 10.1136/bmj.323.7321.1103 on 10 November 2001. Downloaded from Ethical issues in qualitative research on internet communities Gunther Eysenbach, James E Till The internet is the most comprehensive electronic Unit for archive of written material representing our world and Cybermedicine and Summary points eHealth, peoples’ opinions, concerns, and desires. Physicians Department of who surf the internet for the first time are often Clinical Social Internet communities (such as mailing lists, chat Medicine, stunned by what they learn on websites set up by lay rooms, newsgroups, or discussion boards on University of people or patient self support communities. Material Heidelberg, websites) are rich sources of qualitative data for on these venues can be a rich source for researchers Bergheimer Str 58, health researchers 69115 Heidelberg, interested in understanding the experiences and views Germany of people and patients. Qualitative analysis of material Qualitative analysis of internet postings may help Gunther Eysenbach senior researcher published and communicated on the internet can to systematise and codify needs, values, and serve to systematise and codify needs, values, concerns, preferences of consumers and professionals Joint Center for and preferences of consumers and professionals Bioethics, University relevant to health and health care of Toronto, Toronto, relevant to health and health care. While the internet Ontario M5G 2M9, makes people’s interactions uniquely accessible for Internet based research raises several ethical Canada researchers and erases boundaries of time and JamesETill questions, especially pertaining to privacy and professor emeritus distance, such research raises new issues in research informed consent ethics, particularly concerning informed consent and Correspondence to: G Eysenbach privacy of research subjects, as the borders between Researchers and institutional review boards must [email protected] public and private spaces are sometimes blurred.
    [Show full text]