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ROYAL INSTITUTE OF PUBLIC HEALTH, in the Lecture Hall of the Institute, 37, Russell-square, W.C. Special Course of Lectures and Demonstrations on Tuberculosis for Medical Men and Women qualifying to become Tubercu- Notes, Comments, and losis Officers, General Practitioners, and others. Bacteriolo- Short Answers gical Demonstrations will be given in the Laboratories of the Institute, and visits arranged to Sanatoriums, Tuberculosis to Dispensaries, &c. Correspondents. THURSDAY, Jan. 15th.-5 P.M., Lecture I. :-Prof. E. W. Hope: Schemes and Methods in Tuberculosis Work. THE MEDICAL PROFESSION AND THE MANCHESTER ROYAL INFIRMARY POST-GRADUATE CLINIC. PEERAGE. TUESDAY, Jan. 13th.-4.30 P.M., Lecture :-Mr. E. D. Telford: Treatment of Spinal Caries. BY S. D. CLIPPINGDALE, M.D. NATIONAL HOSPITAL FOR THE PARALYSED AND EPI- Sir Bertrand Dawson’s elevation to the peerage lends LEPTIC, Queen-square, W.C. 1. interest to the question how far the medical profession and MEDICAL SCHOOL. the peerage have- hitherto been associated by either actual MONDAY, Jan. 19th.-2-3.30 P.M., Out-patient Clinic : Dr. Collier. grant or direct descent. A glance over the authorities reveals 3.30 P.M., Dr. S. A. Kinnier Wilson: Examination of the the following instances, no claim being implied that the list Nervous System and Interpretation of Physical Signs. I. is complete. TUESDAY, Jan. 20th.-2-3.30 P.M., Out-patient Clinic: Dr. Grainger first Viscount Stewart. 3.30 Ward Cases: Addington (Sidmouth).-The Sidmouth, P.M., Dr. James Taylor. of the House of Commons in the of WEDNESDAY, Jan. 21st.-2 P.M., Mr. Scott: Tinnitus aurium. Speaker time George III., 3.30 P.M. Dr. Greenfield : Pathological Demonstration. was son of Dr. , of Upper Ottery, co. Devon. THURSDAY, Jan. 22nd.-2-3.30 P.M., Out-patient Clinic: Dr. Alexander (Burgh).-Dr, Reginald Gervaise Alexander Farquhar Buzzard. 3.30 P.M., Dr. S. A. Kinnier Wilson : succeeded on July 20th, 1919, in establishing to the satisfac- Examination of Nervous System and Interpretation of tion of the House of Lords his claim to be co-heir to the Physical Signs. II. ancient barony of Burgh, created in 1437, his claim to be FRIDAY, Jan. 23rd.-2-3.30 P.M., Out-patient Clinic: Dr. Gordon co-heir also to the dormant baronies of Cobham and Holmes. 3.30 P.M., Ward Cases: Dr. Hinds Howell. SATURDAY, Jan. 24th.-9 A.M., Surgical Operations. Strabolgi being reserved for future consideration. Fee for Post-Graduate Course .85 5s. C. M. HiNDS HOWELL, Dean. Barzoick (Sherbourne).-The only daughter and heiress of Dr. Peter Barwick, physician to Charles I. and Charles II., Communications, Letters, &c., to the Editor have and one of the few doctors who remained in London during been received from- the Great Plague, by marrying Sir Ralph Dutton of A.-Capt. H. St. A. Agate, Ports- Lond.; Dr. 0. May, Lond.; Mr. Sherbourne became ancestress of the Duttons, Barons mouth. R. Macdonald, Leicester; Prof. Sherbourne. B.-Messrs. Burroughs Wellcome C. S. Myers, Lond.; Mr. A. Bickersteth (Langdale).-Henry Bickersteth, son of a and Co., Lond.; British Science MacDonald, Washington; Dr. surgeon practising in Kirkby Lonsdale, was himself first British C. G. Street. Guild, Lond., Sec. of ; MacVicker, a physician (M.D. Camb.), then a lawyer. Rising in the Medical Association, Victorian N.-North-East London Post- latter to the of Master of the in Branch, Sec. of ; Mr. H. A. Graduate College, Dean of; capacity position Rolls, he, Barker, Lond.; Dr. F. A. Bain- National Hospital for the Para- 1836, was created Baron Langdale. This peerage is now bridge, Lond.; Mrs. C. Brere- lysed and Epileptic, Lond., extinct. ton, Lond.; Miss E. Britten, Dean of. Bray (Braye).-Sir Richard Bray, said to have been Lond.; British Federation of O.-Oxo, Ltd., Lond., Managing to Henry VI., and who lies interred at Worcester and physician Medical Allied Societies, Director of; Ophthalmological was of Sir Edmund summoned Dr. R. D. Lond. of the United Cathedral, grandfather Bray, Lond.; Batten, Society Kingdom, as Baron 21 Hon. Sec. of Mr. D. F. A. to Parliament Bray, Henry VIII., ancestor of C.-Dr. F. G. Crookshank, Lond.; the Lords of Eaton Mr. E. R. T. Clarkson, Lond. ; O’Brien, Bradford. present Braye Braye. Mr. C. H. Carroll, Lond.; Dr. A. P.-Mr. L. Paton, Lond.; Dr. A. Dalrymple (Stair).-The Hon. Thomas Dalrymple, M.D., Cox, Lond.; Messrs. W. Collins, Pettit, Paris ; The -Prescriber, physician in Scotland to King William and Queen Mary, was Son and Co., Ltd., Glasgow; Lond., Editor of; Mr. A. C. son of the first Viscount Stair. Calcutta Journal of Medicine, Perry, Lond.; Miss L. M. De Fernham (Durham).-Nicholas de Fernham, physician Editor of; Dr. T. 1. Candy, Potter, Lond.; Dr. W. A. Potts, to of Court Birmingham; Dr. S. D. Clip- Edgbaston; Mr. J. Powell, Henry III., becoming weary life, retired, and, an was made of Durham. pingdale, Lond.; Dr. N. Crich- St. Helier. I being ecclesiastic, Bishop low, Tulagi, British Solomon Q.-Queen’s Hospital for Chil- !, Denman (Denman).-Baron Denman, of Dovedale, Lord Islands; Dr. H. Carlill, Lond. dren, Lond. Chief Justice of England from 1832 to 1850, was the son of an R.-:-Dr. H. M. D.-Dr. H. Davis, Lond.; Mr. Rainsford, Lond. ; eminent obstetric physician, Dr. Thomas Denman. E. M. Mr. Sir H. D. Rolleston, Lond. ; Sir who studied Davies, Rochdale; G. A. Reid, Dr. J. D. Douglas (Glenbervie).-Sylvester Douglas, H. G. Dixon, Lond. ; Decimal Southsea; medicine at Aberdeen and afterwards as an Rolleston, Lond. ; Dr. J. W. practised Association, Lond. for and, becoming E.-Dr. A. Rob, Weybridge. apothecary, exchanged physics politics, Erdos, Nagyvarad ; S.-Mr. A. B. ’. eminent as a in raised to the Irish Epsom College Lond., Sec. of. ’ Searle, Sheflield; diplomatist, was, 1800, Inspector . Dr. C. F. Lond., the title of Baron on which occasion F.- Factories, Dr.C.F. Sonntag,bonntag, Lond.; Peerage by Glenbervie, F.-Factories, Chief Inspector Société de Biologie, Paris; St. Sheridan wrote :- of, Lond. George’s Hospital, Lond., Secre- G.-Mr. J. Good, Kettering ; Dr. tary-Superintendent of ; Society " Glenbervie, Glenbervie ! S. R. Gloyne, Lond.; Dr. J. P. for the State Registration of What’s good for the scurvy? Gray, Exeter; Dr. H. O. Gune- Trained Nurses, Lond., Hon. Let your old trade ne’er be forgot, wardene, Lond. Sec. of ; " Special Reserve." For arms you should quarter H.-Dr. Houdart, Bel-Air; Mr. T.-Dr. W. H. M. Telling, Leeds ; A pestle and mortar, H. W. Holman, Lond.; Mr. Dr. W. R. M. Turtle, Lond. ; And for crest take a spruce gallipot.1 J. B. Henderson, Lond.; Mr. Dr. A. H. Thompson, Lond.; Contee M.D., J. H. East Miss Dr. W. W. D. Bel- Fairfax (Fairfax of Cameron).-John Fairfax, Hart, Molesey; Thomson, of Fairfax a landed was L. D. Haywood, Cheltenham. fast; Dr. H. Townsend-Whit- County, Virginia, large proprietor, I.-Infinito, Dumfries, Editor of. ling, Market Harborough. eleventh Baron Fairfax of Cameron in the Peerage of J.-Dr. E. L. Jones, Cambridge. U.-Under-Secretary of State for Scotland, a 1627 creation. L.-Messrs. H. K. Lewis and Co., the Colonies, Lond. Finlay (Finlay).-Sir Robert Bannatyne Finlay graduated Lond. W.-Sir C. G. Watson, Lond.; in medicine at Edinburgh University before his call to the M.-Dr. P. Manson-Bahr, Lond.; Dr. E. Watt, Edinburgh; Dr. Bar in 1867. He became Lord Chancellor in 1916, with a Medical Research Committee, F. P. Weber, Lond.; Dr. W. barony for his lifetime. Lond.; Ministry of Health, McC. Wanklyn. Fosier(Ilkeston).-The Right Honourable Sir Walter Foster, M.D., was in 1910 created Baron Ilkeston of Ilkeston, in the THE LANCET: SUBSCRIPTION RATES. of Year ...... 61 16 0 county Derby. One Holland eldest son of Sir Holland, INLAND Months 0 18 0 (Ifnutsfoi-d).-The Henry Bart., Physician to , was, in 1895, created ThreeSix Months ...... 0 9 0 . One Year ...... £2 00 Howard (Wicklow),-Dr. Ralph Howard, President of the ABROAD Six Months 1 0 0 Royal College of Physicians, Ireland, in 1674, acquired from Months ...... : :.. 0 10 0 Three the Duke of Ormonde the estate of North Arklow, co. commence at and are Subscriptions may any time, payable Wick low. This estate was confiscated by James II., but in advance. Cheques and P.O.’s (crossed London County restored by William III., and the doctor’s grandson created Westminster and Parr’s Bank, Covent Garden Branch ") Viscount Wicklow and Baron Clonmore. should be made payable to Mr. CHARLES GOOD, THE LANCET James late Baron James of Strand. London, W.C. 2 (James of Hereford).-The Offices, 423, Hereford was the son of Mr. Philip Turner James, surgeon, ADVERTISEMENT RATES. of Hereford. Books and Publications ...... l Lister (Lister).-The great surgeon was raised to the Official and General Announcements ; Four Lines and peerage as Baron Lister of Lyme Regis, in the county of Trade and Miscellaneous under...... 5s. Od. Dorset, Feb. 6th, 1897. He left no heir to the barony. ments ...... Advertise-J Lister (Ribblesdale),-The Listers, Barons Ribblesdale, can Every additional line, ls. claim for their pedigree three notable medical men. Dr. QuMter Page, E2 10s. Half a Page, 15. Entire Page, £10. Special Terms for Position Pages. 1 Moore’s Life of Sheridar. 129

Edward Lister, physician to Queen Elizabeth; Sir Mathew basis : (i.) for the Army and Air Force, £200 for a Lientenant- Lister, physician to James I. ; and Dr. Martin Lister, Colonel, .6170 for a Major, and for Captnins and Subalterns a. physician to Queen Anne. graduated scale graded down from £140 for 14 years’ service, and Viscount of with a minimum of £120 for a Captain and £70 for a Lieutenant Morley (Morley of Blackburn). - Morley and 2nd Lieutenant; and (ii.) for Lieutenants and Lieutenant- Blackburn is the son of Mr. Jonathan Morley, surgeon, of Commanders of the Navy the new invaliding scale varying with Blackhurn. service in the rank laid down in the Admiralty Order. Pemberton Pemberton, 1NI.D., of There is no provision in the Admiralty Order either for Suli- (Kingsdown).-Edward To meet the was grandfather of the first Baron Kingsdown, Lieutenants or for Commanders of the Royal Navy. Warrington, diflicnltywe recommend that £70 be the scale for the Suit-Lieutenant, a peerage now extinct. of the first Baron of St. thus placing him on an equality with’the Lieutenant Army, Playfair (Playfair,).-The Playfair, to whom he corresponds in rank, and for the Commander the new Andrews, in the county of Fife, so created in 1892, was the invaliding scale applicable to Lieutenant-Commanders with incre- son of Dr. George Play fair, Inspector-General of Hospitals, ments of £10 for each year of service on the date of promotion to Bengal. Lieutenant-Commander and a flat-rate addition of £50 for rank. Primrose (Rosebery).--The Earl of Rosebery, Hon. F.R.C.S. As to the addition to be made for disablement, the present and Edin., is the lineal descendant of Gilbert Primrose, addition is T100 for 100 per cent. disablement; but to this at present Eng. must be added the 20 per cent. war bonus reckoned on the or to James I. and and first President Prymross, surgeon VI., temporary officers’ scales, which amount to T35 for 100 per cent. At recent of the Royal College of Surgeons, Edinburgh. the disablement in the case of a Captain or Subaltern, X45 in the case of tercentenary celebration of the college Lord Rosebery, who a Major, and 50 in the case of a Lieutenant-Colonel. So far as the attended, exhibited the pestle and mortar which had retired pay element is concerned, bonus may now be regarded as belonged to his medical ancestor. included in the new basic scales. But so far as the disablement Petty (Shelburne), Petty (Lansdowne).-Sir William element is concerned, it is necessary to augment this, and we Petty, recommend an increase of the present scale by 50 per cent., making who was to Charles and whose wife was created physician I., it £1.50 for 100 per cent. disablement, and that a proportionate Baroness Shelburne, had two sons, who became first and addition be made for the lower grades. second Barons Shelburne respectively. They died, however, The new Army rates of half-pay show a very great increase, and without issue. Sir William’s daughter and heiress married we recommend that for regular officers of the Army these rates, Thomas Fitzmaurice, Earl of’ Kerry, and so created the without any additions, should be accepted as minimum rates for of which the of disability. They will be liable to adjustment after five years, and Petty-Fitzmaurice family, present Marquis should be limited to the substantive rank held by the officer at the Lansdowne (Sir Charles Petty-Fitzmaurice) is the repre- time of his retirement. sentative. this a Concerning marriage cynical member of The result of the recommendations will be the said that the doctor’s foregoing to family daughter brought into make the disablement to be awarded to it whatever of sense have in it and pensions regular degree may appeared officers as shown in the table :- whatever wealth is likely to remain in it." following Sanders (Melville), Sanders (Westmorland).-Dr. Richard TABLE A.-ARMY. TABLE B.-NAVY. Huck Sanders, physician to the forces in the reign of George Ill., left two daughters, co-heiresses of his wealth. The elder of these ladies married the second and became ancestress of the succeedmg Viscounts Melville. The younger lady became the second wife of the tenth Earl of Westmorland, whose honours, however, descended to the issue of his first wife. Singe-Hantilton (Abinger).-The Honourable Mrs. Singe- Hamilton, M.D., the first lady.member of the peerage to become a member of the medical profession, is a daughter of the third Baron Abinger. Sloane (Cadogan).-Sir Hans Sloane’s daughter married the second Baron Cadogan, to whom she conveyed the Manor of Chelsea, purchased by her father as a result of his successful practice. Smithson (Northumberland).-Sir Hugh Smithson, Bart., who had practised as an apothecary in Hatton Garden, having married the Percy heiress was created, in 1749, Earl, and, in 1766, Duke of Northumberland. Somerville (Somerville).-Dr. William Somerville, husband (and cousin) of Mary Somervilie, the talented authoress, and physician to Cneisea Hospital, was directly descended from the Barons Somerville of Cambusnethan, ennobled as early as 1442. In addition to these, Dr. Bathust, physician to Oliver Cromwell, and Sir William Waldegrave, physician to James II., are known to have been members of the Bathust and Waldegrave peerage families, respectively, butttheir position in the pedigrees of those families is not clear.

THE NEW DISABLEMENT PENSIONS. ,A FURTHER report of the Select Committee on Pensions issued on the last day of 1919 (H.M. Stat. Office, price 3d.), suggests a generous increase in the scale of disablement pensions for officers and for the dependents of both officers and men. The recommendation contained in the first report of the Select Committee (July 28th, 1919) that soldiers’ pensions should, like sailors’, be awarded as a statutory right and not by way of bounty was accepted by the Government, and is, embodied in the War Pensions Act of 1919. The exclusion of widows and dependents from the statutory recognition, * Includes service as Lieutenant-Commander. t Half-pay rates. since found to be a will be made if the hardship, good The rates for officers disabled in the late war recommendation contained in the is in temporary present report put work out in the case of 100 cent. disablement at force. per amounts varying from X210 for the 2nd Lieutenant to S300 The War Office, the Admiralty, and the Air Ministry for the Lieutenant-Colonel. have issued new Orders the rates of recently improving In to and deaths as a result of earlier service retired The regard disability pay. present report reconsiders the campaigns, the the that those in the of these new report accepts principle provisions for .disability light regula- disabled in wars and their both officers tions. Officers who have served in the war and previous dependents, already and men, should, if already in receipt of disablement retired to are the benefit of prior September, 1919, given pension or allowance, receive the benefit of all the improved the new rates. The new service rates allow professedly rates to officers and men and their dependents in for the increased cost of and are to be to granted living, subject the present war. revision after five years to an extent not exceeding 20 per cent., and thereafter at intervals of three years. OF REFERENCE. The BOOKS report proceeds :- THE annual issue of The fifty-second Whitaker (1920. natural basis to take for ofticeni qualified for service retired London. 1020. to the pay is the new scales of such retired pay. But these scales only 12, Warwick-lane, Pp. 6s reverts apply in the case of the Army to those with 15 years’ service, and in more complete enumeration of facts and figures which the case of the Navy and Air Force to those who are 40 years of age characterised it in the pre-war days ; the Service lists again and over. For officers not so qualified we propose to take asa appear, and statistics which would have given information 130 T to the enemy are reintroduced. New Government depart- unsatisfactory, and to show that the marked improvement ments are also to be found in this volume, and the Ministry which coincided with better housing in the last decade has of Health receives liberal treatment in the way of reference. not been maintained. The administrative measures adopted At this time of day there is no need to describe the contents in regard to this disease are admirable. Each case notified of Ifrhitaker, but mention may be made of a new section is inquired into, the needful precautions in regard to dealing with " Questions of the Day and of special articles infection are explained, assistance given if necessary, both devoted to sport, workmen’s compensation, meteorology, in the way of food, &c., and by accommodation of the women’s work, aviation and science and invention, and an patient at the tuberculosis home, or by treatment at improved and extended section on banking. For the rest the dispensary. The average monthly number of patients the book is still the indispensable work of reference it has attending the dispensary was 49, and the average monthly always been. number of visits paid to the patients’ homes was The New Hazell Annual and Almanack,1920 (Edited by T. A. 40; while five families have been provided with free Ingram, LL.D. London: Henry Frowde and Hodder and quarters at the home, and 75 families assisted with Stoughton. Pp. 940. Price 6s.), is another book which, on food, and with money if needed. Of the 31 enteric cases, account of its utility, finds a place in every office and 9 had probably contracted infection in Spain, 7 from contact library, containing the most recent and authoritative with persons suffering from the disease in Gibraltar, 2 from information concerning the British Empire, the nations of eating shell-fish, and 3 from drinking polluted water. The the world, and the important topics of the day. Among alien water-seller, from whom these last-mentioned cases the new features of the present issue are the articles on had been infected, happened to meet with an accident, and the peace treaties with Germany, Austria, and Bulgaria, on admission to hospital was found to be suffering from which are fully dealt with, while the text of the Covenant of ambulatory typhoid. All water-sellers now have to be the League of Nations is set out in full, as well ae Labour’s examined and licensed. There was an entire absence of Charter under the League. The article on Pensions and Mediterranean fever amongst the civil population for the Separation Allowances treats the subjects very fully. Scientific first time since 1908; one soldier developed the disease three and industrial research also receive attention, and among the weeks after drinking brandy diluted with goat’s milk maps which illustrate the Annual are two showing the new whilst on pass in Spain. Since 1906 no goats have been Germany and the new Austria. allowed to be imported unless they are proved to have come from a non-infected herd, and all milk imported LONGEVITY. from Spain is boiled before being sold. Gibraltar suffered from two of influenza in 1918 ; these form the IN the News of Dec. 1919, there epidemics Evening (London) 29bh, subject of a special report. The first outbreak lasted from appears a reproduction of a tablet on a wall of the parish the latter half of to the of is, church of two instances of extra- May beginning July-that Shifnal, Salop, showing rluring the hot, dry weather-and was of a mild character; 8 The first name on the tablet is that of ordinary longevity. deaths were recorded from influenza and 13 from pneu- William Wakley, who was born on May lst, 1590, and was monia-21 in all. Colonel Dansey-Browning considers that on Nov. therefore 124 of buried 28th, 1714, being years age. the actual number of cases cannot have been less than 800. ’The date and place of his baptism and burial appear to have The second epidemic, from the beginning of September to beenverified. This William was believed the late Wakley by the end of November, was much more severe; there were Mr. Thomas Wakley, senior, to have been his grandfather’s 76 deaths from influenza and 36 from -112 the pneumonia grandfather, and the dates make theory just possible, in all. with or without was a two with Toxaemia, albuminuria, crediting William and the succeeding generations the number of cases is estimated unusual of The Thomas who frequent symptom; actual prolongation vigour. Wakley to have been 6000-" that is to say, over 30 per cent. of the founded THE LANCET was born in his of 1795, father, Henry, total civil population suffered in some form or other from Membury, having been born in 1750. influenza in 1918." Isolation, free ventilation, and disinfec- THE POSITION OF BRITISH BUTTER. tion were found to be effectual in checking spread. In the second period it became necessary to prohibit indoor public DAIRY products include butter and cheeee (and rarely assemblies and wakes, and to restrict funeral ceremonies in milk-sugar), and the starting-point of all is, of course, milk. churches. Colonel Dansey-Browning’s report is very concise, In the time of plentiful supplies or of an excessive output and fully illustrated by tables of statistics in detail. It is the manufacture of these products is an economically sound evident that the greatest watchfulness is maintained over proceeding, though we cannot understand why the milk- the sanitation of the fortress and city, and the health of the sugar is seldom recovered but lost in the whey, though it is civil and military population. the most abundant solid constituent of milk, the proportions being-milk-sugar 5 to 6 per cent., casein (cheese) 3-3 per THE TOXICITY OF WOOD ALCOHOL. cent., and fat (cheese and butter) 3-5 to 4 per cent. With a ’, THE remarkable toxic properties of wood alcohol of milk and the raw material (methyl shortage high prices ruling referred to in our issue last claim wider in its to the and British cheese alcohol), week, entirety goes consumer, attention, and there appears to be considerable misconcep- and are for the time in That is butter-making abeyance. tion as to what wood alcohol really is. At all events, pure why no butter has been made in this country for some time, wood alcohol (CHsOH) is not readily accessible to the public; and what little butter is available for distribution comes in its more or less pure form it is used as a solvent for from sources these shores. So as milk remains beyond long waxes and varnishes by the chemical manufacturer, by the at its present inflated price the dairy industry will discard and the in the the of solid milk analytical chemist, by microscopist prepara- making products, unless a very high price tion of certain aniline stains. as we is offered for them. butter is still controlled and Methylated spirit know Imported it, and as it is in is not wood and these are to be but employed spirit lamps, rationed, regulations continued, but a mixture of alcohol with an British butter is to be relieved from control in alcohol, ordinary (ethyl) February. addition of 10 per cent. wood alcohol and a small quantity With milk a of 3s. 3d. to the realising price per gallon of mineral naphtha (light paraffin oil). The presence of the chances are that when the restriction in pro-to ducer, regard the oil is shown on adding water to the spirit when it the supply of British butter is withdrawn its price may turns milky through separation of the oil. It is thus called mount to anything. "mineralised" or "denaturalised," but still contains 90 PUBLIC HEALTH AT GIBRALTAR IN 1918. about per cent. of alcohol (ethyl) or rectified spirit, the chief factor of potable spirit. It is not usually the case that THE total civil population of Gibraltar is estimated to be the lowest member of an homologous series is more toxic 17,963, of whom 14,511 dwell in " the city," giving a density than its higher molecular relatives. Propyl alcohol (C3H7OH), of 139 persons per acre in this area. The density of popula- for example, is more powerful than ethyl (O2H5OH), butyl tion in London, within the area dealt with by the Registrar- (C4H9OH) than propyl, and amyl (C5H11OH) than any of General, was in 1911 at the rate of 60-43 per acre. The them, and so the toxicity advances as CH2 is added. Accord- borough of Bethnal Green had a density of 173 per acre. ing to Cushny, the svmptoms of wood alcohol poisoning in man Gibraltar, therefore, though extremely crowded, is not in a differ from those of ordinary spirits in the marked muscular worse condition in this respect than some town populations weakness and defective cardiac action, which are followed by in our own country. But about 10,000 aliens and 1500 nausea, vomiting, coma, or delirium of a much more intense British residents in La Lines (the nearest point in and persistent character than those seen in intoxication with Spain, about half a mile to the north across the neutral ethyl alcohol. In a considerable number of cases the same ground) come into the city daily for the purposes of their observer records that death has followed from a single dose employment. As regards infectious diseases, the total smaller than would have been fatal had ethyl alcohol been number of cases was 159. Of enteric fever there were 31 cases taken, and in some cases total and permanent blindness has and 3 deaths and of measles 25 cases and 2 deaths. The followed or accompanied recovery. It is suggested that total zymotic death-rate only amounted to 0-455 per 1000. while ethyl alcohol undergoes complete combustion in the Colonel G. Dansey-Browning, C.B.E., A.M.S., who presents tissues, methyl alcohol is oxidised to formic acid and possibly the report, as medical officer of health, draws special to formic aldehyde, both of which are much more poisonous attention to the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis, of than the original alcohol. This explanation is plausible, which there were 39 cases with 37 deaths. The cases were so that the intense toxicity of methyl alcohol compared with more numerous than in either of the three preceding years, that of ethyl alcohol may be due to incomplete combustion, and the number of deaths greater than in any year of the just as poisonous carbon monoxide is given off by an .decennium (1909-1918). He considers the figures to be very imperfectly working fire or stove.