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wbnnnn-uuunn pa '1 i {- O it M57?ov7!l?Z6iZ£77Z- UNITEDstates GOVERNMENT --u- To -yr N1°h°13*_, DAIE: September25, 1953 F I anon I2 ll. q - 92 1'" 10!.|oni___ 'i w=1=<=T= '1 Owe. OK MAGAZINE _§'5P{Q¬{l1§F1'sié'2!l-5+°ll?A§.I..gsoseese K l CD M e c can -v . h if f B1-I"1 i_ ' 3'¥%"=r1* Sloan]; Q... A summaryo he bsenbeig espionage conspiracywas l"I __. n-7;, written by the Domestic Intelligence Division. You requested that we prepare a memorandum on the basis of this summary for publication in the above-captioned magazine. The attached '"'°I'__-. Brita memorandum contains a detailed account of the Rosenberg spy In Inn! case with its extensive ramifications. Uh! Q2. Till. lB ___ Vt I? III _
r. The original memorandum written by the Domestic Intelli- '1 mants.gence Division Reference was toreviewed rsas b that Division deleted wasast o pro t thecte name our infor- of Jerome Eugene Tartakow who was in the same jail with Rosenberg. i¬?& Tartalrow furnished information to the Bureau. bf " At your request the names of VIVIAN GLASSMAN PATAKI, , P ?~ e ANNE and MICHAEL SIDOROFICH were omitted. , :: ,_ _; .
. "7 Vivian Glassman Pataki contacted William Perlas an :; 5-1' intermediary with money and instructions for him to leave the 5*» F" 3'! _ _..o-Q- United States. 17;? -= __-..... -:~# s . *5 C iv1. ¢ ~- . L."' The Sidorovichs are the husband and wife who were sup- ' posed to contact Greenglassin NewMexico. T; ;; _:.;; "D '. ' RECOMMENDATION: IS i :,;f.*?és, 111 3" That the attached memorandum," if found suitable, be submitted to "Look" magazine as reference material in connection with a proposedarticle that is to bappear__inthis magazinefolr}3 e Rosenberg case. _,_ . f5 L , Am Mega! up U 3 Classified es .- g Dsclass l o.0.:___BABE?
924* Attachment J bié/pwd/M 1 '. 3 ADDENDUM:l, October 1953,APL:blb@=" : " J 4 The Domestic Intelligence Division has no objection to the attached Q memorandum beingsubmitted to '_"Looh'"magazine as reference material. Howeverthis materialit is be recammended*that submitted to theBureauproposed any ,r article iewforpI"$O7 ¢FI.iprepared f lg ;~ns~- RECORDED-53§2.s¬.;8- I? 3 Zxyv;-, ~ 9- » mnsxzn-52.I5 Z34 Fm '- - - - v ¢ E a 92 4 ! f ' i
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GLOSSARY I .I-4-an-1|--r-I-.~ I Abel, Louis, a Abel testified at the Rosenberg s s trial. e islthe brother-in- lam . . -P. " of David Grssnglass. Abel contacted - 0. John Roggs, attorney, at the " .,. », .;- 4 request of Grseng1ass._ Bogge was _ rout i . -counsel for Greenglass. pp. 83, 4?! it »t ." ai . Barr, Joel d- David Greenglass testified that after the arrest of Harry Gold in May,'l9505 .__-in . Rosenberg attempted to persuade him .,_;iF";& Greeng1ass!to leave the United States. ,- $1 -. -1':-'->-,-11.1 - Rosenberg also told Greenglass that ;-- more ilportant persons than Greenglass I V... . '1. _-4 '§ - i_ V had left the country and mentioned J H J ._4. __ K that Joel Barr lqft the United States tin. before Fuchs was arrested and was i '." "-_"""I"~ working for the Qussians in Europe. Z-._ 1 1 '- Barr's present location is not known. De '" " I
Bautiota, Dora This witness identified Sobell as an indiviiual who registered in a hotel i __ - W - _. -Q Tcmpicc, Mexico, in July, 19.50. p.o
Begun. Isidore Horton Sobell signed a Communist P rty petition for Isidore Begun, a Connunie 92 , .- Party candidate, on lugust 8, l939. ' -. p. 14! _ " _ -
Bentley, Elisabet h Terrill She testified at the Rosenberg trial and admitted that she was formerly a Communist courier. p. 5?! 3nMwM,mwm He has the physician for the Rosenberg and testified at the Rosenberg trial. I . Rosenberg asked his about injections . I. needed to go to lezioo.~ p. 44! - I -. r V .. - w." . 0 lttorney for the Rosenbergs. p. 16! ;Iloch. Emanuel IL 4 92' - _ .. e -_ __ ,| '.- ' ~_v . - - i
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3.. ' 31*!» Johr, Ieile e In hie teetinony, dreenglaee etated that while at Loo Alanoe he learned . 92 92 the identity of Hails Bohr ahoee oover name was Baker. This ie the ,__ . :-'- ":5 ._1: . only reference to Bohr in the neno. ._- " '--1-- 5'" J. '-... 5" I . '~if -'1:5". 29 lrainin, Joeeph, In January, 1952, a Qiational Committee to Becure Justice in the ;» .__. . -~_ _"! 1 : ~_;:k *' Rosenberg Oaee" wae formed with --i? Joseph Brainin as ohairnan. The office of thie committee was located at 246 Fifth Avenue, Iew fort City. p.-re! ~ -- -
- ' r . '.-' *-'-113Brothlan, Abe Harry 501d worked fbr Abe Brothaan ., -1 ? "8 '--4.5, _" __j Aeeoeiatee. Iatoulev, Soviet vice- '-},-f"_" '5- _-.|<. coneul, told Gold that Brothaan had . ; been investigated in 1945 and that 6016 had oieoet ruined eleven geeee I _" .-'3. ?f workby workingjbr Brothnan. . ,- ".1!:21: -<4: 1 P- 49! A . x ~-3;
00:, Evelyn 8he ie o Iegro maid who worked part 1.-ii; .11 ,- tine for the Roeenberge and testified A...- to eeeing d new table in the living room of the Rosenberg apartment lone- tiee in 494$. Qhie table nae given t 7 -- ' ;I.92' the Roeenberge by the Bueeiane accord .,¢,.::.. :3" to David Oreenglaee. , p. 45! 7 ; ~f92E- 1 ' '_ ,
L. Ddaeiger, {ill ion lb testified at the loeenberg tria1._ Ie aduieed Sobell told hie he wae leaving for a vacation in Mexico. in received nail from Sobell sent from lee.-ioo and forwarded an enclosure in thie letter to Edith Levitou. p. 66
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...~....-_...-,..... ':- *"-2. 2-'--- 2- - Dean, Emanuel - Ularenae- Dean was a member of,the Rosenberg jury.' as is a Iegra. p. Y7!h_ _ _....,.. .'I - 1 . . . ~' V . _ V '.-. _ .,-. 1 _ - * _ 7- +- Dennis, 01enn no testified at the Rosenberg trialii It that time he_nae a travel - superintendent of the 081 lexicon a._, ? ""'T ?l, > "' T'1__ I§e I 1- = l='ili-'F?f£I.!K- . 4 _- '. 3 ~ Y . m -1;<.:.._._ f Derry, John A. v Be testified at the Rosenberg trial. -7-2-diet»-~=~ He was a U. 5. Ar-my officer from .1942 1"-'>;'*-~"1-"F"? 92- .-. .5; to 1946. lb gave tsotinony that-the . ._11*~- sketch of the otoa bomb drawn by David Greengloss woe o sketch of the N type of atom boob which was dropped m Iagasaki, Japan, in 1945. fa. 47! _ 1.-__. ._ .»>_- -. .=. rf f'~i-e .' . .' . r ' ~71 -; Edelman petitioned the Saare e Goart MM-...; ....,_ _ .v_.; _ idelnan, Irwin '_3;"_'~e-- of the United States for a writ of '->..' 4_;-_-92'_-L . Hooenbergs hobeas corpus in 1958. on behal g.of 184! "the V.
Elitcher, Ha: Elitcher testified that he was acquainted with Sobell and hosenberg. _ .' He testified that Rosenberg asked his --1: .-'. for information regarding his work s,.,_ --92-e ..j..:.= »-I"=': X-;;_¥_ '' which aight he of value to the Soviet , _ l . . . _ _- ' Union. , p. I8! ' - | *1--*5 Ispinosa, Minerva Brooado This witness at the Rosenberg trial ' .-.-rv.5?- identified Sobell as one who purchase eyeglasses fro: her in fena Grus. ;-re"-92 - -.- -. 1;.»-'5. ..-.=-. i eq P- 62! 92 "'?"'- T1 - 3711 "1___-Q ;t~~. Turner, Tyke Be is an attorney who submitted a EEQ petition for a grit of habeae corpus I before a-Federal judge of the court i ~zI::!_2-c:..- Ii-tr I of the Southern District of Few Ionh <. » I .» . _, F requesting the release of Julius and .J . . - .. " V 7 Ithel Rosenberg. PO 183! V ,, .~ ' _
IL|_-4 7 V . Flynn, Elisabeth Barley ' The National Gonnittee of the Gonnunia _ - .1 Party issued e statement on Jhne 28, 1953, signed by Flynn charging that the Roeenberge were Qfoully murdered." o. 152!
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J ~ . '. l;'5'<.&-.11 .. l _. - -. Teeter, Iillian 8- , Ioeter'e eignature aleo appeared $.31-.3= ' on the petition eigned by Elizabeth . ', , 4urley_Flynn. {pi 152! . -
, ' Fuohe, Zlaue "~ Iwohe nae arrested by.the Britieh , 4 on February 2, 1950, and admitted hie involvement in Soviet atomic espionage _ I J's -B131; P- F! . i - o . 92 , -.1»; _ 5 ':_:1:'§;:=';_Gold, Harry ' Harry Gold teetified at the Rosenberg _ '-;,,,f ; . trial that he nae engaged in Soviet 1 92 espionage fron_l985 up to the time of "hie arrest in lay, l950. p. 35! -._ Ereenglaee, David ' He testified at the Rosenberg trial that he etole information about the aton bomb and turned thie matter over to Julius Boeenberg. p. 82! ~
Greenglaee, Hath She corroborated the testimony of her '_ '1 husband, David Greenglaes, at the Rosenberg trial. p. 34! -'-'Ls1:¬"!?. k-*3 » _, e Gurewite, Clarence Darrow Horton Sobell married Helen Levitov ._q- ,- Guremite in March, 1945. Hie wife 92 = e1 , H. nae previously married to Clarence Darrow Gurewite. p. 12! . '1'-A. '..,..- ~ -.7 - -_ .' Gurenite, Helen Levitoe She is the wife of Horton Sobell. p.1 'n."" I Jaokeon, It Rosenberg told David Greenglaee to fle to £!;iee= ypon his arrival in yeeioc e,y* City, he nae to eend a letter to the -5. - W Soviet Ehbaeeg in Mexico City and sign ;;ee, _ '-I it "I. Jaokeon." PC 82! . '.' 1-_ ___ _LI. .I __ _ J_L___4_ ....I'.L_4_-a I- Ieliyj Thomas To Hl I68 064160 GI G GCJIBII witness In ;,'?.i'92'* ._q1r92f92 _ _. the Roeenberg trial. nu testified thc - i T"" the ealee reoorde of Hboy'e Departmen1 Store for the gear 1944 and 1945 had 'i4%:, 1 been deetroyed. {PO 68! i --3'-- ..' . n ._ §§§vw - _[ietiatouety, Dre,- dreenglaee testified that he worked U a groan at Loo Jlamoe under Dr.
gietiaeoweky -. OD of Harvard University. 92P- -=/
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Ioeki, Ialter 5, Loeki, a nuclear oheniet, testified -.»-aaig- ¢- at the Rosenberg trial. Hie teetilon; related to the eketchee of the atom .,,,..-,;.::._ ,_ - . r bomb prepared by David Greenglaee at 3' .. .""""' -e the _. 92- trial. . __ 1 _ pq46! - __ . t ' .- g_ '__ .. :- . , ' - . ' . . | 4 ' ,1» '_'. -. . _--, |'~ _ ' _ -- A. - 5} .,_,,,.,,1_,,,_ Levitoo; Edith ; Iillian Dansiger teetified that he _ 7,2-_92o .. received nail from Sobell postmarked HI: ' aL.' in Mexico city; _The return addreee 75-.-en.-..92. - :.f' Zn dio of Levitov, lorty See comment on idith Zevitou; pi 61, T.¢._=%~; ?§?%ce larehall, Daniel h8- He ie an attorney who attempted to . file a petition for a writ of habeae corpue on behalf of the Rosenberg: in June, 1953. p. 1&6! "'2! » . ' -j5_-.~.- Ivy, Alan Ivan Judge Kaufman, presiding judge at the ,!_ -F. 'k Tr".7?"_"." Rosenberg trial, in paesing on the . .-b-'13:? 1'-4-1, aoolicotion of Joliua and Ethel Rosenberg for clemency declared in l"~'L substance; The court was not bound " by the aentenoes inpoeed on Fuchs 318' "e.-wee» -~= and Alan lunn lay who were convicted ,1 -4.-If ~ :::_;._ ;~';.., '"= in Britain for violating the act know: Duel n ca the q ficial Secrets Act. p. 121, 1%? .. e 11 Qppenheiler, r. David areenglaee teetified that while ,,,a_._.. , .. _,A___, at Lee Alana; he learned the identity _. , -; J_ 1 of Dr. Opsenheiner. Oppenheimer ie , ,~ .-.¢ ' not mentioned again in the memo. p. it 7:1-:1 - '=,-v- Ihgano, Helen She teetifiedathat in June, 1950, one ¢ -4 sq .-._,_ /'_ ~' Louie jbel brought to the q fioe of attorney 0. John Bogge a package of money wrapped in brown paper. p. 48! J I 92 Perl, Iillian Perl was called before a Federal Grand Jury on Seotember ll, 1550, H-5'13 0'4! and questioned concerning his association with Rosenberg, éobell =2 - - -.,. and others-? He nae indicted in r Harch, l95l,'on fear coanta of _"_? .:..,.-... -_- perjury arising out of certain _ '1. denials he node concerning his ' acquaintances with these individuals. Be was found guilty on two counts = n:";'._ A. and sentenced to serue,five years in a .l¢ prison on each count. The sentences 5" "?'.~S.-T '- _- ~._. were to run concurrently; v p. 65! _.'_92e92.92'_ "'; I 1. .92_ Zq__'-1-A; ~ e Dare-n_ D0424-in P I l"'] svvwri $he Rational Qcanittee of the ' -..-.- Gonnuniet Party issued a statement -"3'-.I' 1" on June 23, 1955, signed by Pettis V? '1 Perry charging that the Bosenber s :..7-, -;..-2| -*.-Ll"; ' were foully murdered." - » p. 1523. -¢_ _. . _ ._ _ - Prints, Dorothy _ She is the sister of Ruth Greenglasa. ne testified at the Rosenberg trial that early in 1945 Julius Rosenberg came to the apartment which she eharcc with her sister. p. 45! "2, i~ Reuben, Killian J. A eeriee of articles aupeared in the _:, h_;.. . .1. -. ? _-4:....-~ "Notional Guardian," una ficial weekl - 1 publication of the Communist-dominate: ¢ . frcgreesive Party, in the Summer of I981. This llriee, written by Killian A. Reuben, "Iational Guardian 55 1' '?'?T-P. _ reporter, commenced with an article Te; - _= 1 -5- '_".*YI'...-.re ; * entitled "Io Ihis the Dreyfus Caee @§*¢%i of Gold For America? p. 74; t .. Bios, ranuel de lee Bios testified that in Ju1y,'l950, he not Sobell and his family who had now .f 1 E-.-_~"7Z§3_-_-_¢- ' :", into_an adjoining apartment in Mexico. P5 - --at V all _ i92 P-61! ~- 92 _ '. _i §~.92§ 92 I t ' ,_='.- . -I "3itche, R. Roland He is an attorney who filed a petitio: :. * 4. . fe. ..-.F.- U for a writ of habeae corpus on behalf W _ __.. of the Boeenberge in June, 1953. fp- .. .-. . A -. -. . u-an- -» Boeenberg, Julius Principal eubjeot. p. Ela! ... ,_1--.- -_.¢ Boeenberg, Ethel Principal subject. p. lo! -..i£'.§ Earant, Alfred . David Greenglaee testified that no, .. '5 - .-. . Julius Rosenberg had two apartments .3 - ~ _ in eee Zort Qity ehieh acre ueed,for ;,"_:;:-;'=*r:- - ._-.--.:._._ , 92_ 92 photographic activities qf the - __._,-._,__,_ Rosenberg eepicnage network. Inveeti- cation hoe reflected that a Greenwich -.,-.. .. Village apartment at 65 Horton Street, .=-= : " Jew fork City, nae frequented by -.- ... Roeenberg, Barr and Perl. This apart- -.» '1. -1; 92~_-,'%-- . ;- nent nae leaned by Alfred Sarant. e: ~:.?|_ _;~.*_ Barant left New York Gity in August, ii; l950, and entered Hesioo ehortly there -92._ qfter.i Hie present whereabouts ie unknown. p. 89! Ff ;"";:2: Jo "' ,8ohneider; Ben no testified that he took photographs of the entire Roaenberg family in lay or June, 1950. p. 44! - Slaneky, Rudolf Slanaky was a former Czechoslovakian toiauniat leader who died on the gallows in 1952. p. 44! _ .-_' ;:' q-- ¥E'=5 ~ -.. . -I-Li" - - obell, Helen Helen Leuitoa Gurewite Soboll married . ;"*-.- T Norton Sobell in 1945. fp. 12! '.-,; .--*"- "Ii4 J fé;-q_'~# .. '5 , .27 -*>:".%§ Bobell, Morton Principal subject in the Rosenberg-92_ 92v- 92 , - L. Eobell trial. p. 12! . 92 ~t-.92. -:- .. ."""1 reenplaee itatea that While at Lo: <:a@:£ Frey, r. .-"..'~ § Alanos he learned the identity of~Dr. , C1 --_.,,,__. _:.-in--,-._ .- . ».=;-1~."? " ~-5 Urey. He is not nentioned in any '~Q H other part of the neno. p. 23! lendrell, Joee Brocaao This litnees iaentified a regietratia r, . _ , card of a hotel at Vera Orue ae oearl 515;.-*4 the name Harrie Sand. 8obell's 3 -=1 92 attorney conceded that the eignatare '¬* .- - e I ...-.7 - en ihie card was in the handwriting , _'. ., _ .. e; s.n.11. ' p._ ,._ __ e2! . _ ¢'_*_-~ - U...-; I ' Iakovlev, Anatoli ' II nae a {truer ouiet vioe-consul " Hem Iork Qity. Qarry Gold identiI" hie as hie Soviet principal to vh°* he turned over information. P- 3! ii ,.;.,n.vs~-gn_- -a-Ki I. . 3%.. . - .- . J - Q --..,_. _. ~ 1 I I P Q --=.' 92 . ~ .__ .2' 1;e= l . ti ei September 25, 1953 ~ J '. ,1- L .92 '<." e, es. e 92 1.. -. .' '92 -' - . _ - . 1. O - 92. = . 1 . . . . .~F at '. TH? CRIME FORE? fEAI'IURDIl 1° Qua? . 92- V _ ., -" ~ »- » war: . *-1' § '. ''. . '45- .;__ '_ -. l!!E22£ZLQ!' " _ .. . o r "E"-new Q 'vi8ometime ago the ._ 8oviet Governmeut _ --. publicly announced,_ the detonation sf an atomic bomb. fast experience had taught us "Ii-v'" ¢ to treat lightly Hbscow pronouncements. Ebmeper, the Ihite _ ih a t Hcuse, in e solesn statement in September, 1949, related tbe___ 'V 0.1 disheartening news that startled and then shocked the lotion- Q; &- at "Newsweek" magazine, October 15, 1951. .. 5..- o The Kremlin had finally jntbomed the secrets of the l'.'§ -él " ~ ._- _ T ' 1 _;___.= _,. ._._92e.-§ atom. Ins this an inevitable accomplishment? To Ihom could :$%mt the Russian Government pay tribute I jwr 9' this .- fateful . discovery? ~ 1%,."-01- Z - rcrt ~>.-, eJ_e%. Ins it due to Russian scientific ingenuity or to American - -" '=-f ?;;r.. I , "°V1.». ," :...1,,- - .Y'SI=5§"'<-5 ,~*$ --'-'- .- F. "'.v.'. >.~- * traitors? }V - zfr%~+ ' - e..,,;g~;.- -- . 'It meither could be sscribsd sole credit. Russian Q ii o -1 '11-, R3-- ingenuity in the scientific field led probebly contributed »i§E§ e.5. i~- '1... 4 . . I , 7 _ #4 - .,_. _L,e_g~;.- u - -__ . played by _ r _. immensely . _ to this discovery. But shot _ of the_port Tolmos __ Lsdcl __._ Americas traitors? _Ibst sf tbs port pleyed by the executed Nichol: __i V-~- . _ 1 -.92'_ ~ -. -9292_-_',' _--. -. Belmom _.._ atom spies, Jblias and Ithel Rosenberg? !Bis'tbem is the " CIeeg_..__ Gl|vin___story of their deed of infamy - a crime worse than murder. Hsrb _.i _ Q ' 1 _u_ gonrarn on rpr nus; _, A ;~.. _1aforsation mas received by the lsderal lreau of ,~ ~ ._- Investigation in the Summer of I949 that the secret of the " .:}'$» H. " " . 09% , ll construction of the atom bomb had been stolen and turned ~ ever to e foreign power. lhmediate investigation Ias undertaken. the investigation resulted in the identification of lhil Jblius ~nt*+ ct llaus Ihchs, derman-bsrs British atomic scientist.A sritish ._-. ._ =. |- 1- intelligence authorities were advised. lhchs Ias arrested by, the British on Ihbruary 2, 1950, and admitted his involvement '.,., <>-as in Boviet atomic espionage. It did sot tnov the identity of = his American contact. the latter vas subsequently identified . through extensive Bureau investigation as ihrry fold, a Philadelphia chemist. On lb: 22; l950, Gold confessed his ._,. ' '-B: ; .= ,w §¢ - ~'_' -.44 ; .'}- ;_J_' espionage activity to the 131. _ ' f"i5_"':~'*7~3fT-; A.-5-..i,,... ._I ' Investigation of lorry Gold's admissions 1.. to the 'I .;us-.A " .. " _" 5£. l identification of Dhvid Greenglass, I United States lrmy en- ='i g5i»~! -1»;-+-_~~=92i% ,7 listed man who lad been assigned at Los llamas, lee lwsico, in @*;& . ~;,.;.w=,- ..'__j .'; 1944 and 1945, as a Soviet agent. Gold related he lad picked * -:1: :.; -J -5-, .' '-.7;'. i'-I1 up espionage material frsm'0resng1ass daring June, 1945, on ' -.-~- '-. I-In-r- C "- 3&5? instructions sf "J oIu|," his Soviet principal. "John" nae sub? ' ,i ix. eegventlg identified as Anatoli !a!evlev,,!er;er éeviet vice- o I -H .' -' ' -. wage consul is Ii! 1.»: city, who left the U. 8. is December, I946. Interrogation qf Oreenglass and his wife, Ruth, resulted in admissions of espionage activity under the instructions of Jhlius and Ethel Rosenberg, brother~in-lav and sisteq respec- - g - It 0 - , 1L , -we-Iva» fine ;___ i._. tive1v,qf David Ureenglase. Ha: Elitcher, a Naval Ordnance engineer, and an admitted Communist, was interviewed. He 92 dieeloeed that Horton Bobell, radar_enginesr and fyrner 7- AK. _ , . _e. _ . - e, -,__ .. .-,__.. I e1asenate'of Iliteher and Rosenberg at the Go11ege'of the City _ ,-;.,Ti a :,' -=- -**.. ?< of New fork, was also involved in the Rosenberg espionage network '3 £1¢¥E&9Q£B_0FJ3£i5 £fé-P.59BJEQ.I .§ ~ ' -"1 '_ :":"" 1 eylie¢,eod_§teel;Bn§¢»b¢tn e ;r*? J "j 'or i V ".t'_r_'f" .." I ';92 '" e - Jvlive Rosenberg was born lay 12, 1918, at New fork $4- City. Re was the eon of Harry and Sophie Rosenberg, Jewish immigrants, both of when were born in Russia. He had one ' - 92-I1... geggggq brother and three sieters. . e .. , "' e ; . 1- '1" 1 "' .-. 3'"!_ u i i' Ethel Rosenberg, nee Greenglass, I08 born September 885 ,_;_-_ - ', -'92l- - - .-4._ 1915, in ew fork City, the daughter of Barnett and Tessie Green- Aliimf glaes, also Jewish immigrants. _Rer father was born in Russia and her nether was born in Austria. Other members of her family ":%%.eeincluded David and Bernard Greenglaes, her brothers, and Samuel zeeh ., u »-,= .T~i'@'f; 1-- '~ =6 ; _;x9§$§,5 ? 1-T 92 B 1., ' ..I-1" -. 31 :"' __.T;;' .5 " '. _ .1 Ii. .__ v V;1 , ~» I .--,.-s~-¢.-=-- -V . - :__'g.'.; February, 1939, nnen.ne graduated with a bachekre degree in _- .1 '_ an-rs» Ileetrieal £ngineering._ no also took-various oonrses at e we 11 =2. - 1;-1, e , Brooklyn Polyteohnio Institute and New fork University School i» 3; 5% ' _.a I, -. -1.; '2 '~. -,- 1"-~ of Engineering daring 19411 In September, lean, Julius ' k a -=-'= -='-|i'.'n;-- : - -- . __,.~.' --|_ My :1-. 1.1; "33", .,$ - . -_92..'ew §__- .-_ .' ._- an-a} g""7 .-in xi s~' oil. <-I1"?e -.-'- 'on e annual-I win-Ia can Jinfnimnp wwutv-v- vv_v-v Ag 1-1- A U-w g l_Ig!Q_I' QQQDLIQQQJ ragig! { 3:" - _ 1:8! .-in--. :<~@nn; the Ibr Department Signal Bnpply q fioe, New fork General Depot, is ?l&.;i:.;'?E1 *1QF@ 1} Lgqn-A41-'..-2 ".1, Brootlyn, lea fork. no was transferred in Ootober, 1941, to r... 1. the Signal Uorpl, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, In October, 1942, ';@§ he was traneferred to the Newark Signal Oorpe, Inspection Zone, -'7 '7 ii-X e.-.,. M Newark, Iem Jereey. In February, 1948, he was promoted to the ~$,§'¢'92_92': ,5 position of Associate Engineer, Inspection. no was suspended .=.._ . . from hie position on February 10, 1945, pending decision by' the Secretary of Iar on recounendations node by his commanding e fioer gar removal on the basis Q! information indicating his Communist farty Ienberohip, 8oeenberg's'snp1oynent with the Government was terminated larch 86, 2945. On Jebruary 26, 1945, he had obtained employment as an Assistant Ingineer with the Inerson Radio and Phonograph Corporation, 111 Eighth Avenue, lbw fork City. This elploynent nae terminated on Deoenber ?, Q I . -.PIII'i--r*-'1-" .31 _ "92. 't¢h |-QM!-1-'6 Ethel Boeenberg nae employed by the Iational New rare I '-- n..- ?__. - U .1 . . . wPacking and Shipping Goapany, 33?_1eet 86th Jtreet, Ieu_!ort . I , . _ 92 . u ' _- 4 . , _ ' - » ' 92 - A §3§§§ _Citv, fro: Iebruary, 1932, te'9otober; 1935. she nae also employed at the Bell fertile Gomoany, 853 Broadway, lea York 1 - A --__;;, '._- "73- ig f. Gity; Iron Juguet, 1938, to June, 1940 In June, 1940, ehe r 3'." . V 1 - l-.="'T- wad _ _ if is 2} -:- - nae appointed ae a teeporary_olert with the Oeneue Bureau, In f..__i Department of Gomaerae, iaehington, D. C. On October l, 1940, no thie employment mae terminated. i" - ', M wwl re urlrzru-mwp saoariaza t i r '¬£?a§" - Investigation revealed that it nae about 1932 when . Juliue loeenberp etarted aeeooiating with Ethel Greeng1aee.e Juliue_nae dielihed by Ethelie parents and nae not allowed . -1_:_-¥?"7- g. ' .- 1 ';="'='-: =."'3"" to vieit the parente' home at 84 sherijy street, New fort City, . r-_-__»3 . '-,~' .._>...-: ,..i v ', -II from about 1932 until l935» During that period Ethel and her a "_* _ _,.n_.5 ;'~n ' I ' .3 . 2 two younger hrothere, Bernard and David, eooupied an apartment '5 :-... -r'k '_;mR._"-. no gr. . ._,_A.__,..-; 1!, ,§~%§T :"§ '35 .3 on a floor above the home of their parente because the parente : f2 ?% _ ;; -=- -.'.7.' did not have adequate roan. Juliue Boeenberg would vieit ;£tf@#¬ '2'-' ? ?='{E33 :=Ethel frequently at thie upetaire apartment without the parente' '1" 3" - "- IT-I1? Z :¥:1l3?£|--."p-' W1 knonledge- Thin apartment nae littered with oopiee of the baily Ior8er"and oneuniet ;arty literature. Juliue and '. . * -. 6* - 57.-.. ,- @_;m_Im 1____. .0 I ___m Q' _ _.m_4_ L__e. ___ .. '_~4-'5'.-i Etna: oeaame violent vonnuniete eetween 4 " ' ind after _ 1.1»- " 1492 with their views. Jnfornation obtained in lurch, 1944; reflected that /. Jylius Rosenberg uae'a nenber of the Communist Party and trans ...... -... _. {erred fr» branch zae of the Industrial puma; If the s V 1. =2; A- ¬eanunist {arty to the hast Side group of the first Assembly Q v ' District ssderjransfer Io. 121-re. an information in - aété -id 1" ~ furnished to the Security and Intelligence Division, 8econd ' w ~r "-.. Service Qsnnand, Governors Island, IUI tort, in visa qf . IF losenberg's enploynent by the Ihr Jhpartnent at that tine. farther investigation reflected that Besenberg, ehile e I. J; etndent at the gollege e! the City a!.Ien Iort, signed e petition urging the granting qf a charter to a chapter qf @ the Anerioan Students Union to be established at that college. this investigation also established that his rife, Ethel, .-":-'1- ' ',_ _V 1,.» 1_ - ,;_-.92 had signed a Connunist lartg petition- ._';__:: I. ,1 4-... I .. . " losenherg's position with the dovsrnnsnt was terminated in lbeenber, 1945, es set forth hereinbefere. 3 ,r #1 y:;__ '.'-.-.'i_§ A search of the Rosenberg apartment at the time qf_ - '~ :2, _..Y V m . ____4, w, _'-1' *j"__jL'___,, ."'i '3?},-£5» ¥¥# the arrest of Jhliue Rosenberg disclosed that lthel and 1%§ i{;a. .- §§E§?$§ _ _¢_ . -_ i Julius loeesherg Iere nenbers of the International Ibrkers m _-, 1 __ - . _ 7. -Ira. 1-. ,_.=-~. _ ___ - n , 92f ~ In .-92"I&i *4 . oI dOl'o _/ _;.;'-. -|->_- imqM, . . J , .b[H;, concerning Ithel losenberg, infornation was re- ' '77 _ --. '@.__ s._ an " eff;I- oeived by the let York Ofyioe of the :81 SI sag, n _,-k' .- , . . , I 4:-1 ! -. %~'f the effect that Ethel Rosenberg was estrenely connunistio *?: § I'_..;,~ - :1 teent to no to lashington, B. oi, ; ' '-" ° c." I '7»-I . ..E:;e' =13 -1- . . '." 3' "*1?- $,Q_*_.92-. - '.. - . ' _e. _ '..~..' 11- 2- . - I55! §¥§é§¥3.... -,:.__._._; V f 0-. .,. -5- . 'j?§".*!": *§ ' r. .11 -'- .1. __;-=_ . '. ?..e *3 "7;=-J.9""_. i ,_. M. _ V... - - ~~- e: .":~fE§~l- " JAB ' - -W féihajV i *;=@u~; -. '4' .... :13!- in the building during the strike. Rosenberg allegedly had been t v 92 ~ T_ .~ . w¬*-. arrested during a deaohetration concerning the German ship, o u ,@JJ :.-Q o ; 3 _ ; 92..¢ ' ' I" I -'_" 7*; " . 5'; 8.8, Bremen; in few fork City in the sumaer of 1933 or 1936, 92 ':e- '_ --U -'11? and had spent a few days in the Old -:~:.--' 5-i "3. '' e -- P4 1-; QIQQ 14$ Q . l Ta QLFU F eié éé ,£».. -' n * , Tombs Prison. * -:':..,_.. ~ -* I Q ._..A-K .....__ money but that_onlu he or hie wife, and that the only reason he did not Jiee before his arrest __ _' nae to take sare of some friende.' he was liable to the death sentence brw U Ethel, had access to it .Roeenberg was aware that B. 92 and allegedly lads the' I statement that as Jhr ae he was eoscerhed, he played the game and lost, and would have to take the results. " ' Ruth Greenglaes has advised that it was an accepted jhct by all members of the Rosenberg and Greenglaoe families - n an L | 7*-92Il* .I fl'*v¢ attended the Pratt Institute of Sciencejbr a short period in -oizlcqe ,.. 2948, etudying mechanical designing. Baring hie early life, he _/ worked in hie Jataerfe enop. pee nae eaployed by Freeman Brothers, ' . re». r-. , Lt A _ , .. ;._ =9--at" no York ity, from June, 1940,.to center , 1941. go poo aleo - . -. ._ _ _ -'1"_| :':e. 1 ,_ ..._ _ employed by Peerless Lcboratariee'in Few fort City from October, 1941, to larch, 1943. on vac inducted into: tne Unitea States --V .:* L 1 ' 4. _ . : _¢1:»'- ,.-.3]-;'92 Army on April 5,'1943, and entered active duty at Fort Dix, ee . _; ;,92.--H.»-'.. a2+~* _a.l _ Jersey, on April 18, l948.' He nae thereafter traneferred to Aray 5 ,,~ 1- I _" _' |92 _ 1: ._ 3. Service Ibrcee Training Command, Miasiesippi Ordnance Plant, liar: "- we: F ~" -e-5,1 =- -.-"'.-r;*'.;_~» - *3 "' Hiaeieeippi. During July, 1944, he was transferred to the Jwret _ _. *1" l ""79 "t.-." Provisional Special Engineer Detachment Unit, Manhattan ngineer District, oak Ridge, Tennessee, arriving tnere_July 8?, 1944. He departed,frcm Oak Ridge on August 2, 1944, and joined the Second F; . " :":}"-= I"-1.: - sh ~' P It =7-',a,gr= " ~_~ _ Provisional Engineer Detachment Unit at Santa Fe, New ucxicc, an ,..:'=,' 3 - _ er Auguet 5, 1944. .0n Iebruary 88, 1946, he was traneferred to Jon ft, 2;;-Q .-__'~,_ti ~+= -,-. - Blies, Texas, and diecharged from the drag on Iebrcarp B9, 1946, i3§§§ Q In 194?, Greenglaee vent into bueineee with Jhliue Boeenberg and _ ";'.,;- -7-rite _'-_:.'a... iv . ."_~.,,.- otherei They formed a eogpany tnoun ae the Pitt Iacnine Product: 1'. :.; *-<£__*~:=:!< ' . $§92..;__' "';=';': 2 -:.,_..j'. =;$.?r .' 7:1--e ;-'-Iii: Company, Incorporated. In August, 1949, Greenglaea left the . .. ''W -92.c=i92eI ., ,-. , , , an-iihw-Ir_ _ company beoauee of poor financial ocnditione there. Re thereaf1 became employed ae a aachiniet by the Jrna corporation, Brooklyn . I 1' -..,_ v 1 . Hem fork, which eeployeent nae oeaeed when he nae arreatod by tn _ . n§§@" .92- '~ llea '4 - 1.-__i,;, .. _ 1.,"-=_u _: rorea .m¢,_,zoec. _ l ' - i y -~ - 9 - I I B -e-g;[email protected] In... ; :1. ' DavidGrssnglass reportedly had cone under the influence L " __ s_ ,, .1,"H2- -I-II .5 of his sister, Ethel, when he was about 12 years of age. At then .- -_-_-~..u I tine, Ethel was 19years old and pas being aourted by Julius Rosenberg. at fn-it David opposed theefforts of Ethel andJulius r. ... A _ _ , ' -5 :_ to convert him to Communism and disliked Julius, but after Julius bought David a chemistry set, the two became very friendly and -ah- Julius was able to influence David considerably. It was further -s learned that Julius Rosenberg continued to be a frequent visitor _ _ _ _ ¬-'_"_v- T5'71'.'-11 at the apartment occupied by David and Ethel until Julius.narried . ; ;><~.-55 '-1'" 4% ' ,¢q."-...:=.;~.;: ,5 . ,,..-4 Ethel in 1939; During that tiae,.David beoane eutrenely fond qf +--: » ~i ._ ,:.._._ , ..'&?*7"_ _-in Julius and was fully converted to Colnunist ideals expounded by ;.-.:- "--'r= $§ xvii J" .":1 Ethel and Julius. ls a result, David joined the Young Oonuunist E53 .-.1 "- .v,i,- -_ -.- .,,_. League at the_age of_l4i , f. _,, _; ._;. _, _ _ _ *' ;.192e'7; 1 - . 7 er '1 Ruth Greenglass, life of David dreenglass, advised that .n- it ' V 1 .1 ' . 7 4 - - . . nher husband looted up to Julius uith_a oertain degree of hero ._ worship and that Julius influenced David to think along Communist lines by bringing Gouuunist Party literature to David when the latter was 18 or 14 years old. -> David Greenglass has stated that he was indootrinated with Communist principles in his youth by Julius and Ethel sum;->4¢ lI92r*Tx. Ti ,xosenberg andnos n nenbsr qr the Ibung 0oununist.;eogue in New Iork,frol 1936 to 1938-} Bu continued hie_belief_in'0ommunisn, ,_'_"92_l ... ._92_;;_?¥;__ ; '.~. "but never Joined the Communist Party. or claimo to have become Z9. ' ee h disillusioned with Conmunisn whenTito of Ihgoelacia coo expelled -tire from the Coninfora. Afhis incident, he olaino, bro yht home to hi 8' . ;i._-.-.+ E - , that onnunion was being used as a tool by the USSR for the pur- _.~'='r. 4- 3. 5il <'3; L ."*- 3-I '; pose of-worldconquest qf instead workiggtoward apanacea. -e. 7 92- Soon_ afterher marriage to Doid Greenglass, Ruth , 1 . -»;z'$§*'-:5 '1 Greenglass claims to have been converted to the principles or Uonmunien by her husband. She nae a member of a branch of the Young Communist League for about a year in 1943 and was presiden of the branch for about three ueeho. She states she became dio- vi... la;.'____. V17-ea -iii :if ,i1lusioned with Communion ftllowing'Ibrldfor II when it became :. .1 ' _ .- :3 apparent that the USSR had embarked on a program of world oonque Li» 92 -r Edgagggfgggdg2? pagesand42 and serial 83?! W _ l- =._i_'H rd _.....a. It in interesting to note that in checking the Army 5-r_ v'.'_. _-5.-- Q service record of David Greenglase, it mas determined that the ,5 -_ __ I 1 ;'-'r.-92-n_s¢54- <.;»- e aeoignaent of Gresnglass_to atonic_sner9U wort occurred under :- __ . _.-_92 _. r_. . F _ _ _ -_ -___ , '9 _ the Jhllowing circunstancee; On July 8, 1944, ordsre were sent ii" i N a ._ _ .92 -'_*e--1": ' -.~ -- -. 'm. _- _T to the iieeieei-- once P ont; where areengiase was aeeigneo :.:--E i - P . to tronefer oi: soldiers, all named, to Oat Bidoe,_renneoeee, fa aseignnent to the Manhattan §ngineer District. Greenglass was not one of the soldiers named. By letter dated Juzu 14, 1944, t F . - _-,[J1-" vi" .. . naned was AIOL and asked permission to substitute Greenglase for 5- i-_:I=-:--=1 ' .. the AIOL soldier. Permission was granted and by special order 1 51%,H..__. - dated JhlglI,.l94¢,i reenglaes eae,traneferredto-0at_8idge, g *§§§%; V J , 3-1;»- l §_5?0iE§?§Qam£h%O%&obeit ii possible incident; thatGreen- -'_T-:92. i'292 5...-. W. »Hmn glaes would not have been assignedto sort involving research to -it ;¢J.-.1 bk produce en atomic bosb end uould not have been a subject for _ . . ll .._ . espionage recruitment by Julius Rosenberg. ;It is farther poeeibl that the involvesent of Julius Rosenberg in espionage night not 3.5 ; »- E, have been detected, i'* - ~ T '/7 e, . -h orggg 8ogg11"-_ n _ 1, =i§... . V z , ' lwrton Bobell IBI born spril I1, 191?; in lea fork - City, the son of Russian-born immigrants. ls harried " ' . '," r F"!*'._ r- Helen Levitov Guremits at Arlington, Virginia, on larch 10, z' :3. - .3Z_>-.-. fa: Egn W '.'4 "*1? 1945. lie rife nae previously aorried to Clarence Barron cl. ,_ __ ,_V-1.»- ' dareaita. e fro: Qareaite on ':'-1v'».; Q -7 r- A-<.._ _4-J -4 4-1 _ _ _ __ ...11,_ . . ---1 -.~ " T £_,__. .._.. .. '?§&§ ~*=,'a-:2»; _.. Q4 V "" - 1--56.. -cam: .11 . . -z92 - - _-_._-" W... _._ ..- ~_ I . _ V . larch 5, 1945, she was awarded ouetodg_e{ their daughter, Jydneg Gurenite, then ei: gears of age. the 8obe11s have a second child, Hart Bobell, age §. ' _ Bobell attended,8taguesant ligh lbhool from 4 »_ ' i of New York in June, 1938, with a bachelar degree in electrical engineering. Subsequently he attended the University qr - __ A ¬eI._... Aiichigan Graaaate School in 1941 and 1948,.fTon which institution 1- -_- -I 4"" 4. he received a naeter'e degree in electrical engineeringie A - L -=~" 1-2:- | J 7 , V ¢:_ _ - Q; K t - i Jobell was employed during the Sumner: Q! 1934 through w xi-.'. ., _ . ' . » _ . e '-'-Illrl; 1938 as s Iaintenance nan at Camp Unity, Iingdale, New Iort,." 5,-V 3'1-g . V -_ . ~- --" reportedly a Communist-controlled camp, On January 8?, l9$9,_ - K . __-, !?_._,5 &%Fi I21 - | 4 KI: , 2; 51'? . _ e_<- '* F " -:-.-" . I 92 _ ._f__ ._~. , , -_ - .-.- _ - V .,"¢'§_§ - "L§;#; §:§ 5 Q} genier electrical engineer with the Y :~=._ r"*;.~..@:": r -31 mreau of Iaval Ordnance, Iaehingtoly B. 6'. He nae promoted -- .4? '»92' 7;-._ - to the position Of aeeietant electrical engineer. He resigned _r . a.§§QL§-I 5-,; . - _ _ _ _ , ,.- ' - .:- -.. -'Q_P@92Fl ' 3.__ . ---->»_.-.. Jroa this position in October, 1940, to further his etudies ; at the University of lichigan; After obtaining hie laeter e _ 9 - 1¢- -- .,..-._ -1, 1, v ": :¬'_,:;-_¢ degree, he eecured employment on Jhne 15, 1948, as a teat _ engineer with the General Electric Company, Schenectady, New for In the early stages of his employment with this company, he work an an engineer in the Marine and Aeronautics Division. At the V 1 . ' nl l - fl-' : _ _ -'1: ._1. "=:,_1:"-' . A David Greenglaoo was arrested by the FBI. On Jhne 22, 1950, ___ ~¢'~=»-- 1 Sobell ahd_hio Jhaily fled to Mexico. no nae thereafter " " - - -" ,- ' '- I V " |-.. . ' ' ' located in lbeico City and on August 18, 1950, nae taken_into #*t%% e ..:d:;.-.-ate". _ cuetody by Bureau agents at Zaredo, Texas, after hie deportation .'.~-:- __ :5""~.-.-: fro: leeioo by the lexicon authoritieei, "' . - '_ . '-.J" .i'92 ,<<=% -5 .§2PZE5$l?Ee49T£IZ!¥¬§_dJ3a4F?2Ii4II2l§ A. I _' 'e I .- site:-_:F .{;l?-', .;' §; ? a »..,.._ v 1 Ia: ilitcher, an admitted onaniet, advised that . during the period he rooaed with Horton Sobell in Iaohingtoa, _ , "Y§: 1 _ ¢ ._-__-re _ . , ,..: _ i __ - <~ he--.__ it r,.92 D. 0., he vae_induced by Sobell to join the Communist iartp. ..:-1-. - I --_. -.j.- :--~- -.e-n@_-¢§¢¢ .- 1~_,, He etated that thie occurred in I989 and that Babel! had I imforaed hi: that he, hineelfg nae a member of the Ganmuniet PG?'§ e . --e; ~ a _ - _ Luring this cane period Sobell was reported to have ' . '1 . '- I 7 been active in the American Peace Mobilization and the America 0_;.V' Q05' F 1 . _'_ - _ .¢.. 1;? ' loath bagreee, both of which organieatione have been cited b; _ -e;n-" '- _.. the Attorney Genera! ae oozing within the purview of Executive er; ml l A. <3 .._" i-I. tab -.:a4 Order 10450. It nae learned that dobell eigned a Ooamuniet "_', ._-"yygrrw-" " e If . - *2 farty petition for Ieidore Began, Communist Party candidate, -.¢ - '-. _ <-I-if ; ._ ,V___ iv, _ _ ._.v,,;_ fa. D ti. . e. ""P » August e; 1ose. ' _ _,a:i?:_;- V, . 92 - It nae oecertaiaed that label! appeared on the aoti ILA indioee of the American lbace lobilieation and nae Iieted on h... the indioee of the American loath Congreee ae a delegate to , that body from the Ibehington Goamittee,for Democratic Actim - 14 - ilk II / J I I _ .. -._ I. 92 u'_ ,_ __ >'_' p _ __ .' ,-" I 2 , - ' ' ''Q 1 reeidentict_on apartment building {tested at. '0 'e'|___'Gl_P£t|'lQFDH,| D. 0-; _r PIU|'t ¢ .8obei1 ano u: Elitohef were among the tenants qf the build u ing who attended ;¢¢¢¢»g¢f¢» the apartment Qf one of the tint , during i940 and "1941. 8he was 5; the__epinion_ that ~ '$|_A - theee pare Uonluniet meetings. ' ._ '* -7" _ " l the Iew York O fice located 0 Gonnnniat Party nominating petition which nae filed in the none of one yonton Sahel], 646 St. Ann : uenue, Bronx, Hem York. The signature of this petition was identified by the FBI Leborutony'oe Being in the handwriting of Morten Sobell. ¢ P I F I 1 _-_-_-e_____ -'_- t V 1 - ' - -- ' """-" "' """' 4 -1 t. .---1--_.... - "- "--- ~*~"a ~ -- - ~~£ '-~ ------~-- A --_.--e . _.. __ .__ _ ._. ,1 _ _ - J" ' 'vi '_- W ,,'~" *__71i,*" -.' " ' '" t - T ; ' - -- - - . ' 't - .. j_;__. __ ._,*,,,, , lllggg Q; uggzge §0B£gg [Q ggiggg - - ;w_ k A oheok at the Beevee Inetrunent Uonpany reflected that 1 _. I--._. _ . Bobell jailed to report for norh after June ld, 1950- The oonpany l__-_.._='-__" -1 ._ . reoeieed a letter fron Sobell en or about July 8; 1950, wherein . _ s. ' - - .'rr'~ e Sobell advieed that he needed a reet and nae going to take a fin _ I? ' neeke off to recuperate. -- A neighborhood inveetigation by the EDI developed that 5 Sobell, hie wife and their two children were laet eeen at their " hone on June 22, 1950, and that they had Ieft hurriedly without advieing anyone of their intended departure. "'* . ' £1 Through Anerioan Jirdinee, La Guardio Field, it nae ti deternined that Sobell, hie rife, Helen, hie stepdaughter; Sydney, _ --. :_._.. .4 _ and hie eon, lurk, had departed for leeioo City on flight Io. 15?; -n-i-"- -_i- - leaving Lo Guardia Field at 9:45 pin-, Iaetern Standard Tine on 3. - ' June25; 1950. It nae further determined that round-trip ezoureion n-- --_ . tiohete for traneportation from Ien fort City to Hezioo and return uere purchaeed on June 2l,,l9505 in the nane of Horton Sobelli Iurther inveetigation of Sobell'eflight to hxioo reflected that Sobell had oonnunioated through the naile with v . - relativee through the utilisation of one Iillial Dhneiger qf lea fork City UI 0 nail dropu _Daneiger nae interviewed and reluctantly . . ,,. .,- - adnitted receiving lettere Jron Sobell with inetruotione to fore :92,., | . V . ~ ' . 1.-e,1 -- lard theee lettere to Sobe11'e relatiueei rhie adnieeion nae 1 nade by Danziger after he nae odvieed that the I2I'Laboratory ~ - 15¢ - _ _ , - n 92 92 e . E . r~ these letter; ubisb -.».I -in-an . ", 3 T .' - 92 P. ..' - 1 -;§% cgf. =¢_.7?"??? , ., .- - " '=' "'Y . - -= .= wig-__:~ -1- " '_~.~= ' #1.?-L.._ --'-Z1 :.¢.~ ...-_' gg§§§~*?.:'Il.-T3? " -queuei- I -:""*"*-I '~.-Y~-"'~'.'~.'; _ - ,1_. - ' 1 were ueed in jbroarding-then to Sabell'e relativee ae being in Dcneiper'e_hqndwriting. ;l fI= -It _ 7." ;W"Ut; ,__ - - - - 92 :1"- ' ' _ . .. -'- -_ -. In August, 1950, em» liezioan uutboritiee eon Bobell into ouetedy_and departed bin ae an undesirable alien. on the early earning 4! Aneuet18, l950, FBI Jgenteapprehended Babel! , I . _ . at the International 92 lridge, . n Laredo, Tease. _ _ ,_ 4 - - c17 A A 1 ¢ A o - -5 ~ I I 92- On July 1?; 1950, the Criminal Divioion of the nepart- .- ,.~.__». 1-1'-5' ' -.; T uent authorized the filing of a complaint charging Julius Rosenberg . iith espionage conspiracy. loeenberg'uae arrested at hie hone;' -.15! 21* _ -~nln|..- -; f . ,- r _§--.. l0 lonroe Street, Knickerbocker Village, lbw York City, on the ...V '1 H __; - -. e .1-1-»: 3,. =.' »_ -'1' .- eane date and arraigned that evening before United states Uietriet 4 1":-.-:-» Judge Joho Uoaohep of the Southern pietriot of New fort. Rosenberg . T f"I}'-7?. .. -, 15--,' '--1' ___'G§* " _ ¢"-=1 -*.. I uae repreeented by hie attorney, Ehanuel E3 Bloch. Uoeenberg nae x@~aew» _ *'-92 .'.'_J--:_remanded to the custody of the United States lhrehal in default of e1oo,ooo bail for further hearing. ' A V _ . _ On August 85 1950, Irving Saypol, United Staten Attorney Southern District cf Iem York; authorized the filing of a eealed complaint against Morton Scbell, charging Sobell with espionage conspiracy. » -.-..... _ 5' "u--- __T-.i-~ On August 9; 1950, Ethel Rosenberg appeared before u r - '*'§T: '_ ,3_',_..- _ Federal Grand Jury in the Eouthern District of Hem York pursuant ':"'~,'t to a subpoena. _ _' . U I- ' T ,¢- , On August 11, 1950, Hr. Saypol authorized the filing of : 1 .;:. _; ;, re. a eoaplaint against Ethel Roeenberg, charging her nith espionage conepiracy. lthel Roeenbergeaae taken into custody on the sane K-1lil:'<:'&J.r=.c' Q'k date by Uureau Agente. Later, on the afternoon of August ll, 1954 . - ehe Ice arraigned before United states Uonaieeioner lo onald of = _. ,;%é§ the Southern District of lean fort and remanded to the custody of the United States Marohal in default of #100,000 bail for further hearing. - 15 - ¢7C 2 T F ,1 _ -I - " 1 On August 1?, 1950, a Federal Grand Jury in the southern District of lea fork returned an indictment charging Julius _- .- [email protected] '- Rosenberg, EthelRosenberg andAnatoli Iakoulev Iith violation of 1:.-_. Seotion J4, title 60, United States Code. _fhie indictment alleged _ . _ . 1': eleven overt aete. .' -' ;j -. _ , - . n 1_ Heiie 0n August 18, 1950, Horton Jobell mas taten_into ouetodu - -ir:=..>a1= ,_. ,- by Bureau agente in Laredo, Ieeae, after his deportation by » i.__ ¬%§% -,1- - .11.! leeioan authorities» at was arraigned on the samedate before United States Commissioner frank I. lill qf the Southern nistriat of fesasi '1: maived. 'remoual to -A fem fort and Iae remanded to the r 7.; custody of the United Btates Marshal in default of $100,000 bail. I : - :: ,- '.1->~~5 1': ..r_ " Is was thereafter returned to Iew fort by the United states " yarshal on August 28, 1950. a 0n August 23, 1950, Julius and Itnel Rosenberg were arraigned before United States District Judge f..Ioyt nauie qf the Jouthern District of Ion fort. they were represented by their eouneel, Imanuel I» llooh, and a plea ef not guilty nae entered by both. Bail in the amount sf #100,000 nae continued for eaoh of the loesnberge. __ , _ 0 a F 92 On August I4, l950,.Iorton Sobell nae arraigned bqfore United states conmiesioner.Icpenald in the southern pietriot qf [en fore and his nearing nae adjourned. Bail sf #100,000 mas sentinued. 1 " . "'* ,f * A -0 On September l8, 1950, eebell again appeared before the United States commissioner for a hearing which mas adjourned in §1?Q /? >92 . ,,,_.-f ' 'Z _, .. 7; . d _J _ 1;,l_aa _a . _ . of %-_'i -. . ad; ai A ." _ _dllLd @ _ ll _ 0 W -. of order that the Government could coaplete preeenting ite caee to _ a federal Grand Jbry. H 0 h _ - A On Ootober 10, 1950, a eupereeding indiotaent nae re- turned by o federal 0rand Jury in the Southern Ddetrict of lei fork charging Horton Sobell, Ethel Boeenberg, Jhliue Boeenberg, 4p Au'JI_ L- In MINI II 1 tho Ebpionage Statute!-. _ ' TAJ _ Z; ' "' - "--'-=" "I- - ------__: '7 ~ _' ______:___' __ - 1 ' ' -n ' ' t--- V Y iii ,7__r_' __ .. ______,_ 2 . *' "_" _ i i f" k '' "- - " - - -' ---- in- L ------_- V --l * _ _. . . .._ ___A__ ,c<4;-D »c1e, , 1 ' -<_e g? _m______cllll____ hle' ._="__ i - ,lH,H _ lJ' ' ' ' W r-: District of Dew fork handed downa second svperseding indictaent charging Julius Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg, Anatoli Ihkovelev, n -» Dbrten Uobell, and David Ureengloes with conspiracy to oonait cu. -_=l'..-1-5;-~. Li cg! P espionage between Juned,,l944, and June ld, 1950c Ihie indict- '*' o. -4, 1:» " ~ - -92 n -- - , ._ .. -_*5_r'/ -¢;i'5¢; similarin all respects to the previous superseding' i ' ihdictnentwith the ezception me it changed the beginning cf _ the conspiracy from Dovesber, 1944, to June, 1944, E22? - Ihie indictment was returned under Section 34, Title 50, cf the United States Gods. The Grand Jury charged as fo1lowse ' .3 - _ - Q1. On or about June 6, 1944, up to and including ' ' M .é June la, 1950, at the Southern District cf lea York, and else- ,!_-.5---.-.- where, Julius Rosenberg, Ethel Rosenberg, Anatoli 1. Iakovlev, J;. - . ,. ,- 1: ~ ",.- .- ; _ also known as "John," David Greenglass and Horton Sobell, the ;i . . .,__ h. defendants herein, did, the United States of America then and there :-- ,...-.. _ § . 1'-J? being at war, conspire, combine, confederate and agree with each -4 other and with Harry Gold and Ruth Ureenglass, naned as oo- . conspirators but not as defendants, and with'divers other persons § . In . _ ., I presently to the Grand Jury unknown, to violate subsection a! of Section 82, Title 50, United States Code, in that they did conspire, I ,.. conbine, confederate and agree, with intent and reason to believe that it would be used to the advantage of a foreign nation, to wit, : n- a: '- _ ~ 92 ~ _ . ' . gt the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, to eonsunicate, deliver 5 ." ;. ,1 . ...-eV -~ . -. 92- '~and transmitto a foreign government, towit, the Union cf'8oviet_ Socialist Republics, and repreeentatives and agents thereof; Q191- , 92 .- __ _V f._ ,,..._._W_-,, A-.--.c~. -__._-__..,.__--_-._. .., - H 92 , - Y -- »-.-- - c.-----». .- -.- - --I » e 1-- 1& .1.-7-=~ . Fr. - l ..l ' if--1.1. U." ' _._j' §l._. if Q ,,_ WQQ I. ' 7'""' '* ".'. ."* "" T'? " " _ directly and indirect1y- dccuusnts» , ll :-in loll U I11 T "TY I I and information relating to the Ibtional Defense ef the United T p--..-o-o-,_-_- ".8tates ef Aaerioa. ' ' ee-..? ' ' ."';; 1. 1 !';'!_"_'.."_" - .-r -t pl 1:1-='~.e:=_é": @A- AH L it In pursuanceef said conspiracy and to effect the I; ;,_.;r_- sbgects thereef, in the District of Golunbia, on or about June Q, 1944, the defendent Julius Rosenberg visited a building at 24? ' DelawareAvenue, Iaehingtcn, D» G. : 7. ; . ' W2. And further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and to effect the objects thcreef, in the dcuthern District of How Fork, on or about bveaber 15, 1944, the defendants Julius Rosenberg and Ithel Rosenberg conferred aith Ruth Greenglasst - 4 -~ _ . ..,-- .=t., /ll I ,_ _ 1 _. - = Q8. And further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and to e fect the objects thereef, in the Southern District of Hen fork, on or about Ioueaber 20, 1944, the defendant Julius Rosenberg gave Ruth dreenglass a sun ef aoneyo .. We. end further in pursuance ef said conspiracy and-to effect the objects_thsreef, in the Southern District ef New fork, on or about November 20, 1944, Ruth Greenglaes boarded a train 4 - . for Hem Hezicoo I:._ ', *5. And further in pursuance qf said ccncpiracy and to - if effect the objects thereef, in the Southern District ef New fork, on or about December 10, 1944, the defendant Julius Rosenberg vent to 266 Stanton Street, New fork City. 7 i _____.I____ . _uj 41 - !3e ind jurihi -in pursuance of iiii canepirucy and to I effect the objects thereof} in the Southern District ef Hem fork, on or about December 10, 1944, the defendant Julius Rosenberg received fro: Ruth dreenglass a pper containing written infornation. 9 '7. Andfurther in pursuance ef said conspiracy and to effect the objects thereof, in the Southern District ef ism fork, i 92 on or about January 8, 1945, the defendants Julius Rosenberg and - Ithel Rosenberg conferred with the defendant David Greenglass and 4 In-ll fbInnnnInll_ I _ 1 ._. - _ ___. .- _. .._..._._ W ,1 __ . i_ W, ,______..._. ..._ ___ . 1 new___ ¢~_ , __ . __¢ _. -~ ___ _._, _._.,.-. ..._, ._. __. _ .i _ _ "9. And further in pursuance of said conspiracy and to q fect the objects thereof, in the Southern District qf lee !ork,_ on or about January 10, 1945, the defendant Julius Rosenberg introduced the defendant David Greenglass to a nan on first Avenue, Is: fort City. - -- -7- , _ ' ,,-~- ' !lQ= and Jurther in pursuance of said conspiracy and to q fect the objects thereof, in the Southern District of Rel fork, on or about January 12, 1945, the defendant Julius Rosenberg 4 conferred with the defendant David Oreenglass. ~ . g 'l1t And further in pursuance cf said conspiracy and tc q fect the objects thereof, in the Southern District of New fork, on or about January 12, 1945, the defendant Julius Rosenberg received from the defendant David Grsenglass a paper containing sketches qf experiments conducted at the Dos Alanos Project. 712. And further in pursuance of said conspiracy and to q fect the objects thereof; in the Southern District of Fen York, on or about January 14, 1945, the defendant David Greenglaes boarded a train for New Mexico." - - . Section S4, litls S0, United States Code!. On February 2, 1951, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and Horton Sobell entered pleas of not guilty bqfcre United States District Judge Henry S. Goddard of the Southern District qf __- _....-4___._.._.. . _ _ .. a __ -- _ ~h . ._ .._,_ ___.______,' ______T - " rm W Le c" ~15_ ~; . ---. .. -;_;~ :o. -. . ; .1 ::--- 4|... T» _ QEF QQ§FF§f39f§Q3F§§WE§§lQ!lQ§_EQ333I349!eraléi Q-we- -i; n a no On larch 8, 1951, the trial of this case en the - 7 qr; ._.. _»-._. - .- 92 _ . - _ A__. _11A .n_;;_; _- A J 4 4 n - - Q UI'F' -**-.bA .-a enpereeaing indictment or January au, 1901, oonneneea DIJBPI H H U. 8- District Judge Irving R. Iaufhan in the southern Districti ll -1<- v of Nee fork. At the outset of the ocee United States Attorney Irving H3 Saypol noved to sever Anatoli 1. fakoulev from the I trial, which notion was granted. The selection of a jury of twelve with two alternates was completed on March 7} 1951, 4 '1 - -- Counsel fbr the defendants nade notions to dismiss the indictment ! .i'1- on various grounds which were denied by the Court, Iri Baypol then node a notion to sever David Greenglass from the indictment |u-n---¢----n .=5 - ' =i-. . - .. :4 _ _ because Qreenglass had already pleaded guilty! fhie notion was 1 - 2-,In ' granted by the Court» _ H ,192.._ . -._ _ 2". .'4_ K;: 1;? .e -5--if Hr. Saypol opened the Government's caseand addressed - 7 = V _ I-. the jury. He infbrned the jury that it was their duty to protect the rights of each individual and of all people by proceeding diligently against those who operated against the Government» Be pointed out that the Grand Jury had charged the e defendants eith conepiraoyvtc ooenit espionage on behalf'cf a i foreign power, and that this charge was one of unusual significance, ' :¥¢ ,» - |92=;.-av, _l&?_=£w1~':2'. it - lb defined "conspiracy"and stated it required proqf qf only one '. 1151.=. 5,.' ._ overt act of any one qf the conspirators. lb stated that the " . __~,;,,, .w .' h_ ._'__" I ,-_ j 1aeue|92 evidence in this case would cone fro: eone witnesses who 92 participated with the defendants and from some she eere picked l Q2155 ~ ~ ¢%>4 z»r-2.1o'?*-5 /< 92' 3 ! _ .. _ __' -U. -= .?_.,._.._,.,.,-,..,...__. _.._ . -. -1 - --a ---.-V ii r -e~- '- -..__... --". s_,. ...___.-_.__. __ , ___ '* ._=__ __A ______#__I _ ___ 7 --- - . _.___.._ _ .. . _.i___ . .__ .. ..__. 4, _ __ k _ _ _ _ _ if n by the defendants to be their associates and partners in crise- Re stated he intended to prove that the loyalty of the defundants was not to the United States but to Connunisn in this country and throughout the world- it this point Bloch objected to the mention. H af Qonnunien, etating that Gonnunie; eae not the offenee oharged in the indictment. Judge Kaufhan ruled that he mould consider the introduction of setters relating to Connuniss during the trial as a native for the unlawful aote charged at euoh tines as it became necessary for hil to do so in the trial. Saypol thereafter continued and stated that loyalty to Connunien arose from the ' defendants devotion to Russia. Es stated that they delivered rs _,_.__.. . 4-. ._.. ___._a__ . ______a__1._.i_ el- 1-s -1- " ~ 1 and information concerning the atom bomb. 0 1-<>.'9292Oe '. Jail !;§L!I-?_!I@IA4*'¬11§BEM §;J_'§§0WHor ngsmcc rnraiisgzqm -12:.-.ff.E". . ' - - _ ad - N s . -:7 .4... oi '1don nulg hie ad reeeto the-jury,l?.'§aycol ' 5 ' 92 _ .~- ' ' pointed out that the vigilant I3I_broke through the ehroud of - _w -I y. 7- 92"._y.n_ _, . dartneee and collected the evidence to bring the defbndante to 92 * . ' the bar of Justice. Je vent on to relate that after the arreete -=-J K""4I f' to" _ of KlausFuchs, tarryGold, andDavid Greengloee,the Soviet ' agents put into ejyect a plan {tr others to flee the United ..'.»'..' States. He stated that Soheii actually euoceede ing the _.. 1 . ' . I-v %§¥¥§?5¬§ United Statee. A ' ' ~. The dejrnee attorneys hade a notion for a mistrial, '."Illa I'92. - _:_a:_..' . . "-1."'-4; ._ claiming that the etatenente of'Saypo1 wereinflammatory and '55 ~ ~E~':1.introduced Communism which nae not relevant to this case. The 4 5¢§§iQ9_ __-- ~ 1 - '11»- : ---'5-§g~"!_. Court denied this notion. ' .. _':v'§¬"T" E I -L: e 1 Ehonuel Bloch is his statement to the Jury pointed cat that Juliue Rosenberg hadcseerted his innocence. at requeeted :e '-._':r-_= ~v_ :-.1 n . .... ;.-.-. ,,. . the Jury to render a true verdict and not to he influenced by '-'5_i;-.,v.-; n hysteria or violence. lb elaieed that the trial arose in c _ rather tense,international . _ atmospheres and requested the Jurors to keep their ninde spen. 8e suggested that the jury ezaeine . the truthfulness of the eitneeeee, in particular the testilony 'ef Qreenglaseeethe and Larry eld. er pojnted out that the Greenglassee were related to the Roeenberge and aehed the jury not to be swayed by emotion, eylpathy, or paeeion. Alexander I J» Bloch, attorney for Ethel Rosenberg, tn his opening statement, requested the jurors not to condemn her merely because David _/ Greenglass was a confessed consptrator. Be stated she had .- "Z§ V"-'- " 7 " - . . I .__ ' 1, A . ._ " I "92 . :r_= §"I7*':" ___- A-_§4J K-Q I_I92QJ!4Q;_4 Qua .,.,-._ I-link . ' 4...... »- PIUIIIUUFU IIFI ilssawudnlvi JI ll LtMir _ _ -._ st. .._} L .- ____ V.____ 1'. __ - 3;- q-L -.e§§?.--.,_,- . - ~.... ,2 Ii, ~ T ~_-".~a£*.';. -TF2? _.__...-4:." '-" . . -=3 e7i; * P-QRK 3'35."-92"~ n " 1 rs- tails "HM- dragged into the case by the machinations qf the Greenglasses, n. r- =>_.¢_- who wished to lighten . . their burdens. » _, _ I . A_~ ,-e_ _w . . ' - . . _ ->1 ~ _»; Harold Phillips, attorney for Sobell, in his address . __:9 : U41».- 1'- :~."='"?'f ="92-_*. 1/ '"I 7 vv-"25- to the Jary, stated that saypol had made "the thing look blacker iss Q? than it ts." Phillips stated he was not trying to minimise the 5 -,1... - a fenss but just did not want to "iaxiaiee it." as stated that .: .;%é5 " the talk qf Coamunisl as a native tn this case was absurd because " 1?!-Q t 3 - - Y3 Harry Gold, a lain Government witness, never was a Communist. gaw Q Ill J! Q 1 ! id Q Q Jr-a |U nuv U un- e;$FT Q4 _ . .¬+'§ F§#?§'-ié?5 i£Z!l'ZfZ§§:e-25 Z?53 ,£53§F555f3§ a-1,2 1,+~t Sons qf the espionage activities qf the_;*- -- Besenbsrgs with their ramifications Iere brought eat ,'_ __ '-F: 3- - - -- ,- - 1.--Q v -' at the trial qf the aton spies. The testimony of Greenglass " I Cv§1" TclecsLndd_._..i lli ialli Belune1__ Gena K #- - 1lHI»H-nC l-I .'...': .~_;.= . -'_',l :4-'-,._... , ,. .92 P. couer name was Bakerf Dr. Urey and Dr. Ioski. Crssnglass * f§§l".&! .-,1,-: = stated he penfonned-work as an apprentice preparing lens nclde - L which were intended for Dr. Ioski'e_e:perinents, and that he é , . i . . __ _ usually worked from sketches supplied by scientists. ," - *"-'-'-<:. < ' A Grsenglaes testified that his sister, Ethel, Ice Q iarried in 1939, and that he knew Julius Rosenberg before the ;.";. ~-;g_ _ . "5'?-{ff M L ;;r marriage. He stated that Ethel and Julius used to speak to rear I him about the merits of the Russian Governnenti D -. its - r .1. -': - -'92n- _ - I -- s _ .1ii'~i= = 'm'.~'~=;I;..~t::= if .-';=Tq -",.i:.-*2 -..-. .;.-13 Q I 11- ~ .. {_ ._ - i. 4 ~- 92 -.~.- n -4.».-., V... - -1"-""'-',??*' _'-- .,,..,,- '_' __1-1:-.:,. _._- .; _. _._ o Y ::e4§ _' ,Greenalaio at - * aaie to ai- . . I _ hin at Boa Alamo: on Houember 29, 1944. Ruth told David that Julius Rosenberg had invited her to dinner at the Rosenber home, 10 Monroe Street, New York City. At this dinner Lthel told Ruth that she nuet have noticed that Ethel had not been engaging in Communist activities. Ethel also told Ruth that 1 : ' the information, and tha t Russia was not getting all the ' we 9292q---p information that was due her. David at first refused to have -w _/ .anything to do with the request of the_Rosenberge but on the next Ttlv éag he agreed to furnieh any available data. Ruth-then asked . . -~+~-.~.-- David specific questions about the Hanhattan Project, such as -i the general layoht of it and the identity of the scientists 92_ --'. jié ~ .»-@1'~£ working there. David supplied her that infornation. He @&;z§* identified Dr. Oppenheimer; pr. lietiakowsky,'and.Dr. Bohr . r _.,<__..__,.. .,__ . --:-11'__*t_7, 5- - .3-ff; e-Q3, -7-= .,' tr to Ruth. He also gave her an eetinate of the number of people -er _ ~- 1-§ ' 1.1:-.; * 'r 4 V ' . 4 in the technical area at Los Alanos. f '4' at ' '" L .'~':5,_,. _ _ In January, 1945, David arrived in ew York City -_= -=r i"7 *-*_~---1 -Y@§#* f an furlough. About two dag: later Julius Raeenberg eane tp ' I .1 H .. I M K : ,__ David's apartient ana asked P or information lE¥i!§;:§ - '1 ' ' III . __' j _..,_., .192- . . 1.- ~ r'~92-L, of value an the A-Bomb. 5}He requested David to write up the -v i 1 " i** -1 4:: .2 ,- information and stated he would pic! it up the following . 92.V .__ __. V___: ___. 1u-- . ' . 'j"Z*&' -I, morning. e asked David Ihat he was doing at Loo Alanos, and ,_ ¢.'..., ..'A 44 32. .51-.'/3'; ,- _ ...,='_ .~_ . David etated he mas working on lens nolde. At the time 92 -H I A Rosenberg described to David what an atom bomb looted lite. ._- _-no ~ , _V _ ?_-we -. :4» l " /,-. r that evening Greenglase lerote ép the infernation he had and _ . __n_.A____ I prepared sketches of the lens uold with a dseoription of new -'~ .:.j.:.. "- 1 92_ 92;.1.- ,-T Y"_ it was used in srperinente. the next norning he gave this _ » . _ e _5-5_8236-Serial as?! _ . _ -~ material to Rosenberg. Ie also gave to Rosenberg a list af- T92 _ 2- e I - . - the scientists at Loo Al anus and the nanee of possible recruits working there ého night be sympathetic to Communion and possibl no I4 - - I furnish information to Russia. Rosenberg specifically §¥§§f 'requeeted a list of possible rearuite. Gresnglass had prepared ._E qwe- oopiee of these eketohes at the trial which were introduced ~ not X? -':I.i' into evidence over the objection of the defense. Greenglase - e , V _ _ further itated that at the tine he turned thin jaterial over-_ .. ._'¢.T' v_. n.- *92.-a_~ . re r 1- '.' ' 1*? ., .- to Rosenberg, Ruth Jreenglase remarked that David's handwriting _.-_.r._ 3. *2 ':15 L. -'V ._;,@,_+-,7 ._1 nae bad and would need interpretation. lnoeenberg answered _ '='. @,o __ -. _,- ewe. _ _»-..-1.>.'.., , .'.92 " -__,, ...-:_._, . ._._.. that it was nothing to worry about because Ethel, his wife, would retype the information. A day or too later David and his wife went to the Rosenberg apartment for dinner. Ihen I they arrived there, they mere introduced to a friend of the Rosenberaé who was already there. David had never met this ' ' 1 friend before but had known her husband for some years. In 92 the early port ef the evening all of then engaged in eociel conversation. Thil friend then left. After she left, Julius _ told the Greenglasses that this pereon was a woman who he thought would eons to eee David to reoeiue information on the atom bomb. They discussed o tentative plan to the effect that Ruth Greenglasa would loo: to Albuquerque, and this woman would cone to see her. They also . 1discussed a Plan-about Ruth and this person nesting in a movie house in Denver, Colorado, where 41 they aould_e:ohange purses. Ruth's puree pould have in it the information from aoid concerning Los Alanos. Rosenberg told David that he had this friend cone to his hone that evening I- ,__/ -.92 I 0 I-3 to meet the Groenalaesee in order that they would knew one another. During this discussion the point was raised -that eone one-elee light oone for the_naterial, and there i - . - . .. woe a dieoueeion as to how on identification night be ¢;;;¢¢.¢_ _Ju1iuo, Ruth,and Ethe1_thenpent into ;h.j»i¢¢h.~. Luuid -, .. -- _ --4-92;_ _=_.- as-.. .-. -. _ - -- _--_ 7... .-.D.-..4. §.'-...-'_.:._--..1'-._ 4.L _ . . _ ___ - IQ FUD-In fl 1-IUUUF Jill KOTHJFUI G186 ? UIIFII _ _ .P_n-' . i» -£<.=*"~.~i--~»- _:Q >'¢-P4; 1*-.-.r ~---w-e-as, V : - - 11" .1 -.~1-*5 - é" .1. . -re 2 .= 1- ,;3_-=1, -,_,_ .. _,~.. 'x ' _-1. . g:, ..-._ I E -'- :_ __*1,.~92-vie ' . -'1 'e_i aut of the kitchen. Ruth held in her hand a piece of the eide "of a jello ho: whichwas outin a particular way. 'Juliusheld 315'A-";.,i.23 --. ..-'3 - T" '1-'1-; '."'" __.~ - .. _._._.1 the other piece in his hand. It was agreed that Ruth would uee the jello box eide to identify the person who would cone to v--u _ ..{.'_'.¬,~.' _ .¢-.; __ . -'. nu... . _eee her. rhey then discarded the idea of having any meeting no - _. "-1 -+_ 2- '_. rith a contact in Denver. David made the ouggeetion that the - ''=m~ iY --:3. .;-_ - se-.--4 ~-ihh .-._.,,~.'._, M.-- 1,, . . ,._, -5 ieeting be in front of a safeway Store in elhuquerque. b '_'_w.%__ . The date of the meeting wan left in abeyance depending upon Q '12;_ _ min A . * - the time that Ruth would depart for Albuquerque. Julius . . , v Rosenberg eaid that thie nae a good idea. David further testified that both Julius and Ethel Rosenberg told Ruth not to worry about money. During thie vieit Ruth mentioned to Ethel that Ethel 1..i;a tired. Ethel eaid ehe Jaetired, "between the child and typing up her notee Juliue had brought her in - . , . . . thie work.'iEthel further etated ehe did not mind it so long as Juliue iaedoing shathe likedto do. '1leo@this during visit ea ..-r,'we-.q., ' .--- -- T ?'54f""-.-:' .-eup--.--u-.--... he could dieouae the lone David woe working on. A few nights _/ later an appointment Que made by Julius for David to neet a qi gg. 92 _ V , _ - . e _ w _ 92 Bueeien on !iret Aoen2e beteeen 43nd and é3th Streets, Jew _ e . V -. ,_'._ __ 92 -. 92 I I _1. .. _. _ __-, -v. -. .1 .. - York city. , nouid. drove up to the appointed neetinp plooe and -- »_~.._. ,3 .-D -'q.' e - I . -t __ 92 . ! .3 - "Q1' . - '- -4-1» parked_the oar near a saloon in a dark_8treet- Jaliue cane up _ 1 _ to the oar, looted in; and then_uent away. 'Hecone back with ?§w¬* . ~. 1&% m- 1 .~_ < ' a nan who pot into avi d'e oar.Julius etayed on the etreet. ' ' ,_;.92-;'f_§. a- "2 :__~1.,,_-.:,. ._ David then drove away with the unknown nan. The nan naked §§§W§, V :'5§3-'.;'§-1,;--- A David about high ezploe _ 1 . e I A, F -. - Q the lens, the high Otpl iue loneee, a formula for the curve of After driving around fo oeiveo used, and the neane of detonation. r a while, David returned to the original r ...... no ..., nf anptinrr ...-..--.., ._-.. and lg! ... t the man out, fhie nan woe then joined by Rosenberg who was at anding on the street, and David obeerued - . ~ @_;, . then leaving together- In the Spring of 1945, Ruth Greenglaao cane to Albuquerque to live. She finally rented an apartment at 209 8or1 High Street, Albuquerqu e. David would uieit thie apartment on ueekende. On the first Sundayof Jane, 1945, o nan eubeeqaently _ _-1 1. . -1 ml nn I n identified by David an I f H016 0030 IO ll}? Elie F010 C8880 if Douid'ename Jae Greenglaee, and David eaid "tee." Gold then J eoid 'J2liueeent 22;" Qauid pent to hie nife'e pallet and tool out the pieoeqef the je 110 ho: and eonpared it with the piece offered by Gold. fhey natched._ Gold noted David if he had any information. David eai d he did but would have to write it up. } "ll. r _.-.-.--'-.---- _;:-. Gold then left, etating he would be book. David immediately D Jy - 1 etarted to work on a report and node sketches of the lene .¢*4Q mold e:periaente,'Irote up deecriptive material regarding veer *'<':s~eee1e_-P- r then, and prepared a list of poesible recruits for espionage. -e.....- pa," Later_that day Gold returned and navid gave him the reports. '-£@n 92. _ q_@=e Gold then gave David an envelope and left. David and Ruth ..?-1-~' 1 --v! A1...~'- 5 'av~§ opened the envelope which contained $500. David turned the " .. money over to Ruth. The Court accepted eopi=e of the sketches _ . .v 9 , - :~92- .'_.'- I . prepared by Greenglaes at the time of the trial to describe ..-. the infornation Greenglase had turned over to Gold. fheee y~-he- e. -~+~.i;~1»#a-.r'--- 4':-»'-8 .. ,e." ' ehetchee were admitted into evidence. 5-58236-Serial 822! In September, 1845, David Jreenglaee returned to New - ' 1 fork City Iith his wife, Ruth, on furlough.e The next morning .., ='-.a 4".>..,-_:...1 :~:= ;-" V,,,;..;-I. .. v ---- . 'Pd" _e Julius Rosenberg came to the Jreenglase apartment and wanted ';.'., "=- . 1- . ';' to know what David had for him. David informed Julius that Q '-»~-_ ..' he had obtained a pretty good desanption of the atom bomb. ;, 1 . _ At thie point in hie testimony the Government prosecutor reverted rr ?..4....' "'A-1'. 1 92 ".1-.'~-5 to 3osenberg'e contact oith_David in January, 1945. David .-I i 'xn;~@ i 1.2.: _ i . 1 J.___! L reiterated that in January, 1945, Rosenberg gave him a deecriptio -." e'a--»--.- I of an atom bonb uhian_David later learned had been eubsequently .- L _D_ dropped on diroehina. David stated that Julius gave him thie eti t information in order that David would know Ihat_inforeotion to lea; for= At that tine Eoeenberg teld David that the atoa boat _w~ ,-Pi 92 I >. -28- - I consisted of fissionable material at each end of a tube, and that ..; - A; - -- this material was brought together under great pressure to cause -s;.'J-92 92 ,-4» $41.3! .9292o 0 "nuclear e=P1osion;"- "'*- <"~ {e*1 ' - < h e ' .'-#_-' -L ' w-;.' ' » -1 Greenglass continued to relate uhat transpired in , - - Jo September, 1945. '1t Julius request, he drec up a 1sketch qf h -méi, ~-'-M-1: '- ¢"'i~5. -s:i"". ----.-.;- -,- the atom bomb, prepared descriptive aatsrial on it, and drea = *1 '-",;z:~=--.e * *""." .':.;;"' t, -' "Q--at-_:..' 1 up a list of scientists and possible recruits for Soviet ; 1 -e"--> ~ --¢.<.r. imak espionage. he thereafter delivered this material to the % - Rosenberg apartment; He stated that at the time he turned ext 1" " -s-. __._;>_§_, -.V__, this material over to Rosenberg, Sthel and Ruth were present.. 92 Greenglass at_the trial prepared a sketch of a cross section of an atom bomb to indicate what he gave to Rosenberg, and this was wade Government exhibit §6. At this point Emanuel Bloch asked the Ueurt to impound the sketch of the bomb so that no one but the Court, jury, defendants, and attorneys would be able to see it. Bloch stated that he Ias eating this request in the interest sf national eecuritp.- The Government prosecutor rsnarhed to the Court that this was an unusual request to cons from these defendants. Judge Kaufhan ordered the sketch impound: pointing out that inasmuch so the defense requested it, the _ 92 i .7 f ~41. } -.-ve-§-.»-.¢- - '~;II= j::'-."_._- -1.-.. no-@, to above. Be further stated that he told Rosenberg how the bomb .~ . _ .1,» - I - was set 92 92 eff by a barometric ._ pressure deuioe. 92 ' Rosenberg _ told hi; "n :'h '%.**==-~ '..»==. seine the information nae berg_good and it should be typed+up_ .l H. ; ,.I-s-H - was immediately. The inforlation was then prepared on a portable tang?" typewriter in the Rosenberg apartment by Ethel. Ihile Ethel *;§_,;_. was typing thd report, Julius mentioned to David that he Julius! _-. ..- 1~'.~-"1, - ; .- 92' -is .-. ...- ta . ,- -.. '_ . =-_ r"?.*"'l ='+f!"'rP had stolen a proximity fuse while working at the Emerson gonzo" _T**'- v»-s-.~:':-.= .1: ' ' e-= -ire-- -1*. .- Corporation and turned it over to the Russians. After the report was typed, the handwritten notes were burned in a frying pan _ 92_..*-I-_ ,;;;' - "_h;;_,__: "=_,=,-; = by Julius and flushed down a drain. Julius gave David $200. I '- 1'4- . 4 me =~-..... -I Julius discussed Iith David the idea of David's staying at Lee Alanos after he was discharged from the army so that he could . ._..i ; ' " continue to get information. David declined. Julius also 5 -__r '_-='-4 attempted to persuade David to go to college partly under the ... 7 -_'-""1 8.1. Bill of Rights and partly on Russian funds. He urged ...._; fa» ." .2.-'.. f David to beanie a student in nuclear physics at the Massachusetts ' . Institute of Technology or the University of Chicago in order to . .- -' .9- .. _.-.,.| - _,__ . 1-_ .-"-.=_»*.-3}:-3,-:1 _9 =-~@.;- naie oontaots in this school and obtain information for the I1. -..' ;.__._..;_;* J _ 1 er;- :13;--..| Russians. ~ ' _ .::- 7-F2 _ _ from 1946 to 1949, David was in business with Julius . '1-. _:.;: _ Q 2 .n Rosenberg. During this period Julius told David that he had 5 " -.;;'. 5'-; ." . '1. -5--' , people going to school; that he had people in up-State ew ."' -'1-"" .s..-:1 . fork and in Ohio yiving him information for the Russians. Julius also nentioned one such place was the General Electric Company in Schenectady, New fork. Rosenberg mentioned to reenglass on one occasion that he had seen one of his contacts .2 .__-*1. $5 ; / at Cleveland, 0hio., vh §_ '__' }w_ ;_H__ _ _ ' . -' . - I . , 4 _ ,¢ 7- f"' slate in 194?; Julius told David about a shy platform project and aentioned he had received this information from - - _ ' V. . - F ' i 1 "one of the boysif Rosenberg described the eky platform as a j large vessel which could be suspended at a point in epaos where the gravity I08 loo, and that the_uessel would travel around _ the earth like a satellite. Rosenberg also advised David that f . -. he had a may of communicating with the Russians by putting -. 92- . material or sessages in the alcove of a tneateri Julius also V . . A '.:»_. ,'_~- ""o ..--h___-:_'._e__. -1 i-» sentionsd he had received from one of his oontacts the -& §~@L;1'." ..-,"',=,- o, nathenatics relating to atomic energy for airplanes. . F cs-sa2as~a2o! F i fr Greenglass testified that Rosenberg claimed to - - . 92 ..- -92 ~- ., ~ __ _92_ _'-:'P,fn- ___ have received a citation, together pith o watch, from the Russian _ »t=a;eooa¢. 7. __,._l -~~r»a~;%éF¬m1 Greenglass also testified that Rosenberg_olaiaed to have receive: =@P**'h a console table from the Russians which he used for photography ""-0 PUFPOIIIQ '.'- = + ¥ $;.;- .-" ~ - 5: V »_-...'-92. . _ 92_._ -...e A i - '5-11 _ In February, 1950, a fem days after the news of the _ - _-._; 1 .. " X, A,-¥ * arrest of Dr. Fuchs in England was published, Julius ease to y1u::~W ,,a§,i David's hose and asked David to e /or a vale. During this male 7 ;x" g . . _ ! I _ v " I . Rosenberg spoke of Fuchs and then mentioned that the Ian gho hoe o gtha t agao4-an -'.. ' eons to oee David in Albuquerque was also a contact of Fuchs. Julius Q£o:=e'eno¢ voo:e'w6a1e'hev¢ to leave the country. David aneuered that he needed money, and Rosenberg said he would get the money from the Rueeianei Rosenberg then mentioned that /if i» ~ I Joel Barr, who woe a member of the espionage ring, had left the country. In April, 1950, Boeenberg again~ told David he er!- vould have to leave the country. About Hay 23, 1950, Rosenberg " .;uq-ulyn--'e92 P- tn-' - " 115* cane te§the Greenglaes apartment with the_*Iew York Herald e» wax? - ~..... Tribune" which had e picture of Harry Gold end the etory of A eee Gold's arrest. Rosenberg said,"This ie the nan who saw you I . in Albuquerque. Julius gave David $1,000 and stated he would -gal:-_; Y cone have later with 16,000 more for David to uee in leaving the 5 -1-iI':" 1-. --1'-.' -q ._ 9292-.1 -_92 ' " . - - T country. Julius etated that David would have to get a lexicon 55- i? '-s 1- eI92 {Z I " touriet card." Julius aleo mentioned that he went to eee a doctor -_ '.:-Le. .. "1 -- who told him that a doctor's letter etating David woe inoculated 1 Z .1 ;- ,_ 1- 1* for smallpox; would also be needed, he well ae paeeport phetoe. Rosenberg then gave David a form letter and instructions to memories for use in Hezico City. Upon avid'e arrival in Hezico I , r92-_ ..¢_ 7' =_ -92 ..' City, he was to send this letter to the Soviet Embassy in Mexico eeggé Uity and sign it "I. Jackson.F Three days after he eent this .4;-3 .. ,,, . -._ ~w.'.~ - ' ' lo _ .'- _ letter, David was to go to the Fla: De La Colon at 5 P.U. and .?lt~f V .. '= , . ;~:.». 1.» , -5; look at the Statue of Columbus there. David was to carry in hie if ~ -A . ,1-92v9_ .- - 92 - l . hand a guide to the city with hie middle finger between the page ._ _¢___ . »t.._'.~5 . , _» _'- %nq.1- -.~ . of the guide. He was to wait until some wan cane up to him. ' '4 -1, : ' 3 :;t=.-|' .~_- W. David would then statg That is a magnificent statue" and advise '=; _ _ -, .-.92_; -{ks 3: .-___,_r_,L the wan that he David! nae from Oklahoma. The nan would then 5323 answer, "Oh, there are luoh more beautiful statues in Paris. fhe wan would give David a passport and additional money. David woe to go to Vera Crue and then go to Sweden or Switzerland» If -32- .. ii 1 1 - ' . Q he went to Sweden, David was to eend the sale type of letter to .--1,-.-= . --» tthe Soviet ambassador or hie secretary and sign the_letter q;.l 1aa## . . _ . -;*'-. , -- __ .__. _ - ,_ . ._'. . V, "_' r _ . - '- Jackson."- Three daye later, David nee to go to the Statue of -. __- .-31;-hm-Le-pn -1 e F??? I V. '-~ Linnaeus in toekhole at 5 P-I. A nan would approach David and =- - David would tention that the statue was beautiful. The nan would .. 92- -. aneweq fhere_are'pvoh more beautiful ones in Parie.' The nan gpeai would then give David the means of transportation to Czechoslovak 1." 92;_*"?.~ I'»i-d-'l=l'=l . . == . =' 2:. ,, . Upon arrival in Czechoslovakia, avid was to write to the Soviet 2 T__'Z;' Jun1- -Q -a-Ii . ' ¥M¬§gat-& [|. 92! . .-=4 »?92"-"'" - -1" §.:;-5!5.-" :2.--92 = -1"?:.'¢; :-- .. e . _ ~ _.Q , I . at , .'_ 4 . F A . _ _ . 'r 92 .. ; 1" - _ --e .- . " ';"naw F,I:-.-. ... ~w'-'--.- . ff" e 7§Z 'j f ',,, . - ; 'r;..-.--. _ _.'sf- .'-',-r. '-.5», ,,_--_-_ . ;r: _.,..-.92 .. -iv -I-.1. Q1- -- . _. d t -, 7to David's arrest, Rosenberg asked David if he nae being followed Julius further advised David that he himself would 92 I l 92 _- l 0n croee-examination, David testified he used the $1,000 he received fro: Julius to pay household debte and the . _ . __ - , _= .4 . . , $4,000 to pay hie lawyer, OJ John Rogge, ;¢r representing _hin;. . -- -" . - ' ' 5-58236-B46, 650! j_I_I'Hh§$BS goneosomxrzug c-*&.!>;;1»voL.4ses_e1'p3r - A- . .A' goth Greenglaee T <1 . ,. 92 _' ._v - . '_.~_ .1 . 0 _ " " Ruth Greenglaee, wife of David Greenglaee, aleo teetified at the trial and in addition to corroborating her V A I 92. ;hueband'e teetinony, ehe gave the following information: : 0 e She etated that prior to her departure for ew.Ue:ioo - 1 in November, 1944, ehe had a eonvereation with Juliue and Ethel Rosenberg at the Rosenberg apartnent in New fore City. ..' "e Julius told her that he and Ethel had discontinued their open .&i§$T affiliation with the Communist Party because he had always wanted '..____ ._i,¬n _ . e_..__~, , . to do more than juet be a Communist Party Iember. Julius '3.; " '; ?. ; $";. informed her that after two years he had eucceeded in reaching .__;,. the Rueeiane and nae now doing the work he wanted to do. he I1. .. .1; -' requested her to enlist Dauid e help in furni hing information . /.' ¢4l'~'_ _ '~a~~.f--.- _-_;- "': -T>I'92, 6-7.? L92 to him /or the Bueeiane about Loo Alamoe. Ruth declined at ":1; "'~' . J '-.;_A. . _ J__ r-92.- .-¢_-+ '__- _"_ "1,-'_' TU. first but was urged by Ethel to approach David. Julius then gave her inetructione for David ae to the particular type of II? -I-u-we § r, information he nanted; 4 few days later Juliua gave Ruth run i _: » . _ #150 to defray the ezpeneeo of her trip to ew Mexico. . :_,_ '.: = ':..,.;.. '~ - r n her return to lew York in December, 1944, after uieiting David, ehe nae oieited at her apartuent by Julius, at . 92 e 1 . rd - 34 - ' J '§ which time ehe inforned his of David'e decisionto cooperate. '..~ She./orniehed to Jhliue orally the information giuen_to her by e',g-'-..-.4;- . ..-eJh_._---. .";.;___-. David andaleo_ . Irote it e.».';¢éJoliae._I 1 She3n;.+i.e him of _ .,,... f4.-.e,~'- _._ -..;.|r' J-._ David : impending furlough. Prior to her departure for Albuquerp _-.;v . . - ~ =r-- -i»;'!r¢~ F -I 1.; ~ '-_ .1-' . - * '1.,_,- "~. .- .-5- "=_"=-I-'$ = : ! ' ._.;;.,._ - . _ ='- I.- e iii..H .-;".'~*' ;»,_=_+~.-.5 -1. In I'492n---June-.A Q an Q 4 4 in 4-|_ Q nan--Jun;-en a-1.-e-. qua O" IFUFUUII . V, ehe was _ _'-.""_ ~....r", '_ ~»_._-.- .., 9;, 92~ ~¬!I - fir._. Dorothy _;,_._ .~="' '..~.'..- .__: _ _. .-. to~ 92,,,.:; 1.,e , -92 '1- 92.=_~' am ,_ ,~.,--hi-'.'l1...._ 92 __'_ . _ 4I - . ;.t~*t- '1' U _--;_ _@| . Y] "1 _~_ F In the latter part of 1944, Gold net Iuohe in the vicinity of Borough Hall, Brooklyn and received a package fron , - t --92 . - at _ .. I . .. W .. . . 92 4 . Q 5- Q M311! Jae- ' I lbl IQ : "- .,_-= -- _ __ _ . - 92 I : . , . 92 __ _ - _ r _ _ cc. _ . ., __,. -92 ** 5-: --_ T xhi ; 5 in .0old'e next meeting vith_!vche nae in the eiddle of 1 . 1,1. gé i ~o-r. :5». ~._ ~92.- _ ;§ _,-. --. .. ._..at ~ -92-¢.-.. 1 __t "1 1if T _ .- -_v .-K4. ,_ . ;_. 92--¢_.. n va gl _-- . .'-'__-.._1.!_ -5- -'1,- on .L'7 .3_", . tA A .1- "":. ~.- ..~ " -¢,". "I.'_'§,. _;g*1 . 51:57 .',a- ._- Q1 .i--1': 7, '....~;.~?;fi_ l'§'.._» 3*-»_-._... 7- W.-3 a1T_ 92 . ~-.'; ~ as u--' .> -~-.=.*»»- - :1 1'75}-; .,-' ,---.a.|.--. = . .-- -. -Y" ';.:..'. July, 1944, in the vicinity of 96th Street and Central Pare ; .5=-'f ¢; -1 ..- Ieet, Jen fork City. It oonvereed with Ihohe for about an A ; ._. ...,_._ x ¢"L.....,..,._ .. hour and a half. itoout a reek or two later, Gold turned over _ to Iaiovlev a report he had written concerning thie convereation. Gold told Iakovlev that lhahe had given further information concerning the more of a_joint American and British project ' to produce an atom bomb. Bubeequently, Gold had a regularly - -92 . I . o ,- . _ . . 5 -. '__ ',, echaduled eeriee of nesting; with Iaxovlco, she inetracted gold 92- | _v{92¬92 . jK~L'.. Iuche lad lenticned that c lene nae being carted cn in connection "hm -/- uith the etc: bulb. qlie next neeting_uith Irene nae to be in __~. q --ea» - V _ _V _ _ q. _-,._ nn_ IQAH- '. - ' ----' .--1--- _.: _ n -__'92' e 18!?-' _§ 1* ._e.. 5-: we-' "' ¢.=.- -¢~.-F" ',-- ,= -1 ~~.-r -n - ~;_=:3%:.;~.u- r. f i"" § ¥_"=*= ;*:-.~~ *;. J-_-01¢-1---' "0-i? Q -ll -ma. __ ' rm:--Q;92i-92I-1 n...- ,1 7:1 , 4-I '~.¢ 3*» 17-v -v -% C' E» n-. -re-I_-;' - ._*-:'.-¢. 12-.:.;:":1:;c . .':;.. 5.-'3t5.i?,¬'.~_~{a1 . __ 1 ' ' 7. ' . - __ ' _ ' 1. -Thine-lea-E - flhrlg in Iebrucrg,hl945, Bold net Ictculev en' - ,_,r._ Ibentg-third Btreet between Iintn and Ienth Avenue in lee i 41.. fork City. At thie meeting, Ihkcclev indicated the intereet . nn ' '- , _ ' 1 I cf the Rueeicne in the plane Illiiilld by Fiche. ' "' _w¢»n , On the lcet Shturdcu in leg cf 2945, Bold net Ihkcnlev ineide fclkfe Beetacrcnt en fhird Avenue, lea Tort City, tc _ 92 _ O - diecnee 0c1d'e next meeting with Ihcne in Shnta lb. Yntovleu inetructed Gold to take en an cdditicna1_lieeicn in llbuquerque, K -*~+-.. .._'.,...-.-.- tFe:;- ..-- :{92t':::92- .1 ' ------". *5-? M J j - _/ Town"? -'.. , .. .' --M ." ' .'- ~-' . -".- . . . e . .. oW¢~ ;- Gold arrivedin anta Pi on.dbturday, Jhne£5 load, - -. .'-;.~-"r.> and vetIaohe. who,.o. Golda 5o¢:.g. of oapere.Gold left ..-» D 8anta Fe on the afternoon of Jane End by hue and arrived in géfu Albuquerque that evening. "lb vent te the l gh street addreee andgfovnd eut_that_6reeng1aeeand hie wife vere not in. Gold i a'' " of-'~ . =- etayed at a rooning hovee overnight. fhe neat day, ¢_8undoy, .. "T"'~. 1 - he rent to the Iigh Street eddreee and knocked en the door. , David reenglaee opened the door. Gold eaid, Qlr. Greeng1aee,' David anenered, lee. Gold then eaid, l cone from Jvlive' . V . id .. - and ehowed Oreenglaee the piece of cardboard which lakovleo 1 -5-; :7:-Ha -_.Z J _ ~-';='r. ~ Q. g - 3 -- had given him. Greenglaee requeeted Gold to cone into hie @;4. apartnent.l Oreenglaee then took a piece of cardboard from a 52:. .~ L . > »??;,_- ._,_. '=,~,-*.,-'._-J 1 oonanie handbag and compared it with the piece Gold had given -TEE , hie. the piecee eatohed. Gold introduced hiaeelf to lr.'and Ire. Greenglaee an Dave from Pittebargh,' Greenglaee told -. - ..--4! 92 52: ! " i Gold that the vieit_Iae a eurpriee and that it would take ._; - -mar. eeoeral houre to prepare the A-bomb aaterial for Iold. David ik _ _: I then etarted to tell Gold ehevt peeeiole reoraite at Loo dlaaoe but Gold out hie ehert and pointed eat to David that it vae lerg haeardoveand that David ehoald he oirouaepeot in hie 1 behavior. Ruth Greenglaee mentioned to Gold that ehe had epoien to Jaliue juet before leaving iev Tori to done to Albuquerque. Gold left and then returned later that afternoon. - v . I -In J containing the I500. David mentioned to Gold that he expected ----4-u»~_ ..'L.._5.:.. .;_,-Y -1-,_ to get a furlough eometime around Chrietmae. It gave Gold the _ ~';:.'. §?:'5-, = . - * - ' .' ' _;-92 - __;' ,...... '_' I1 ' phone number'qfJhliue in New YorkCity in the eoent Gold, x - ex - x _ -. 4 _, - ; . ..,_ I ' n 1 , 1 wanted to reaoh loeenberg. Gold told David that very likely _ .-..-.3,1 --5 -".__ .4 111* -% he might return to Albuquerque in the early ruzz of lids u xi? do V ' ' I and might eee_David at that time. Gold left the apartment ~ . ._L . I ".. 2',s J . - ,;1;i-.- _ -=.._ n~._.-- aocompanied by J vid and Ruth, mho malted with Gold to a point ' '-' *.- .--.-11;-=..="~@:- . . f xg in {rent of e eeell euilding ehere he left theee eeld returned _._'1. 7.15._,_ .. to_ Iev Iorh City by train on June 6, 1945. Ihile. on route to lea fort City by train, he eaamined the material David had -'.'r:'JL:"?kn 3':-l" W ---'~ r.--;_=_-.-..-.27 : 3v" P" __' _,,im- ..'vu- given him. le put David'e materialinto a manila envelope i a and put the material he had received_from Iuche into another manila envelope. On the envelope containing Fuchs material, _ _ . -= 1- . 3' Gold mrote "Doctor." On the envelope containing 0reenglaee' ' "92r.'.'=:. "_-. _-_'_ _.. '.92 , , ._ ' 1.D l: material Gold wrote "other." Gold obeerved that Davidie as-. e. material ooneieted of three or Jwur hand-written pagee plue ' "=:>_ a couple of eketahee mith lettere referred to in the test of _ the hand-written pagee. Ihe ehetoh appeared to be of eome " - - '-.1". '~'-* -- hut. - . device. On the evening q[_June1 6; 1945! Gold met Iahovlev M ,1 .1 -= "r_.-_ -.4,-_A,_¢_ : e-:.'" . ~_- V.: _. - ' along Metropolitan Avenue in Brooklyn and turned over to »Tqi$§i;~ . ,3 .»"-.;=;._4- - Iahevlev both enoelopee. - g _ l ;_ e A e_ _ ' ~-'.-92 F mo ._"=, ebout two meete'later Cold met Iahovlev en lain -- aw ? Street, Iluehing, lee fart. Iahovlev told Gold that the injwrmation he had received Jtom Gold on June 8 had been eent immediately to the Boviet Union and that the information he - 39 - el- had received /ron Greenglaee nae 'e:treneIyexcellent and 1,...... e..?,, 1 -n.7 1:. -.M».¥ .. - 'ealnable.'sec; eeting,At Iald related the detaile ey hie g. -_ "4" _ . I - . - ---92--_-- 4. .,._. eoneereation nith Fiche end Breenglaeet Ihche_hod etated that .'__.»,;_- -" ' | - _ ' 92 ,_ ' .92 . _ trenendene pregreeehad beennate en the eton bcnb andthat q% ¬@$ ,¢,¢ the firet ezpleeien had been eetfer Jn1p,_l945. 'A _1 i_ "_ L5 .- *§§§&: -w35*" . 't~=-._ In early Jnlg, 1945; Gold net Iehevleo in_a eea food j'e-§~-3".1 .. . =' . 92--,_--4 _ _ _-@:_ " -.. -. '?:'r,= 4--1t='+-1 -:"=;' reetenrant et the lroadeng Station efgthe.letorta Ileeated Line. ,,..;_ .- _ . Q.I-'--xg_.,.. . _._ -' -~. .4.. - Tatevleo eaid it nae neceeearg to note arrangenente for another -' " - i .r *1, ... .'- -4 .,,;_-~., ' 1- Soviet agent to get in tench eith Gold. At !hhoo1eo'e 1 _; anu-1,. ..-.-.,, .,..-,. ...,_~ 13! ~ -~ 1,. inetructione, Gold tooh e eheet qf paper from hie pocket nhich * -. ;-2. .-1:": had the heading,!lrthur I. fhonee ¢enpang qf Philadelphia. one tare q f the top portion containing the nane. On the reveree eide qf the eheet Gold Irate in diagonal fbehion,'Directione to Peal Street. Iahovlee then tore the paper in an irregular jhehien hetneen the lettere VP and 9a ef the word Paul. Intealev tept ene portion and Gold kept the ether. Iateolee eaid that if Gold received tno tichete in the nail nithont n letter, it nenld neen that en e eefinite nnnher ef dage after the date en the ticket Gold nee to go te the lreadnag etep ef u ' . '- » '- ' - -_ '. . the JetoriahLine.fer.e neeting nhich could tahe place in ah' reetanrent-oer. .de1d'eleniet eentect nonld he etanding at the bar and nppreaoh Gold and neh_te he directeq te92fnn1 Street. fheg Ionld then notch the tern piecee of paper. In Anguet, 1945, Gold again net Ihtoolev eeneplace in Brooklynand naetold bg Yahouleu that he Gold! naeto - Ow 12 A . 1- ______l_ _... ._..._i__;______.._ -. _.. -I-1 ' 1 air L.A__.._.-c_' '-; pk 7--c ' . --*"7*7_ , HA g N W ___§_____,__r__L,, - - ; , _.;_.i',___;' ' '~'* -- - - ' * f""_f_ _ ___;r__.___-...___._.._._. "7 tote a trip in Septenber, 1945, to oee Facho. Gold onggeoted to laiovleo that oinoe lo nae going to oee Thain, lo night ao '=!=.!!"'. Iell go to Albuquerque to nee David Oroenglaoe aloe. Iakeolee - .5-;-.-.: - r '~_§ eneuered that it nae inadvieable becauee it night endanger Gold - - -';2==>. _ _ _ . _ . I - to have farther contact nit! Oreenglaee. In Septenber, 194$, Gold net fucho in Santa lb, lea lezice. 0n lie return to R i Inn fork Citg on Septenber 88; 1945, Qold neat to e prearranged neeting p1ace.to eee latoolea, who failed to appear. About ten dago later, Gold not latoolev at lain Street, flushing, e . J ¬ and turned eoer to tin a package he had received fron Fache. no told fakovleo that Ihche lad eaid there nae no longer the < open and free cooperation between the Americana and the Britioo .i and that nang departnento core cloned to Fucho. Fiche aloo - I 4. 6 etated he would have to return to England. Pache related to id. 0o1d that he nae worried becauoe the Britioh bad gotten to Iiol, Germany, ahead of the Rneeiano and night diecooer a Geotapo doooier there on {yoke chick would raoeal Paolo etrong Connaniet tiee and background. Irene and Gold aloo diocueoed 4 the detaile of o plan nherabg Fiche could be contacted in Iigland. _ In Iovenber, 19455 Bold had another Qeeting with . s _.. -. . H . _- D latouleo at ehicb Gold mentioned that dreenglaeo would 92 _ vi I .,_,. _. ., . -, _ __I -_ _ __ - : - -. probably be coning none around CIrietnao.for e furlough. Gold enggeoted that plane eloeld be nade to get in toacl nit! Jhlino '+-. in an e fort to obtain nore information fro: Grcenglaee. latovleo told Gold to nind lie can bnoineoo. ' J» - 41 - I In Jhnunry, I946, Gold again net with lhkovlev who .-,--v-w '-.7.» ?: told Gold about o sen Tbkovleo nod tried to contact ond found I 3 1 Q-at set the non I l ender'centinuoee eeroeillenoed Ibteolee ~ ' ____ _E? _ =92.. ._ seed this story to point out to Gold that it nos better to give up the oentoet than endanger their wort.» i_ -__ >' $3? ~*§%; In February, 1946, Gold cent to the lorl Theoter - ;¢,g,:.=;.-:I.- . '.~._- 5. in the Irene, lee fork, for e neeting with Ihtoolev, but ::.! r_ J-Y _:r__e_-;_ _ . .,:_.-.4- __ _-1-_<._- . _. . "'1-.'::..:1" '-"'5"- Q; -' l LDQ L D lim I r Up;-vines I received two tickets to c boxing notch in ea» Tort City throng! the nails. The tickets were addressed to Gold'sPhiladelphia lone incorrectly end toolate for Gold te keep the Ippoinfldni: It 5 p.n. ea December 86,Al946, d telephone coll was received at Abe Brothuan Aseociatee, Gold's placeqf employment. J voice osted,for marry Gold. Ihen Gold identified himself; the L ' 1 ;-..e-and-4 -. it . = |-Non-H._ I twat §E a -uni-'Q '" ..= _.:-. .!_- '~ ¥w#%;* -v¬%? QLL %. éri :1!- Fl.- . 1.» , ;§>*§ .Ar£§ -;>*a :V'£LL - §§eQ;% *§%l,_ J ' ~ ?%? ' |.'.. -A 3 <1--~.- ._-1 1*we. , -x ' n.m yp V: _4¢=L§ .3.-'.-, ,_;.,_,'.._-:1; * §M§£E _=_p._,~, L: _.'_-'.-'1'-<1-Z Eg ad - _. ,92'$'l""- "92-~>..t -1..- 5',-~_¢s,_ _F@3jH -Iv. '~ii . a. -%§E§= - , =he naked if Qold had had engthing fnrther from Tachs. Iakovlea apologized for hie ten nonths'_ahsenceexplained and that he hadto lie lee} le_;._ V _ r s be reca11ed that Gold Ie proteetation to Iatooleu about contacting l :# Greenglaee in Albuquerque rent lnheeded. The Soviets have 3&£u' _: _-I 1-1;,,; _ undoubtedly__ found . goodI M reaoon ._ to regret thin , error in judgment. f_ _ u . - ' ' _ ' IE. .... or-ago 1£sr;u0I;_PBE.g£gggg_A!;_;£Lrgg_§ o~ - -e . ,-.- -4: '¢: - ¢ ~".',§""" " ijW,tQ;ogg§U§e:nhgr1;é 3- Q; _ o_ . I '_~,-.* -._~;,» .. . - ~ ~. , i- .-»..__ Je noted hereinbqfore, David Greenglaee testified an to _.:1- ..'! iii£.t-r o.-12*-'-Fi. l'92§ 1=¬~":92_the intention of Jilin: Ieeenherg to flee fro! the United Etatee ¥¥5¥ in the Spring of 1950. or aloe teetified concerning the igggg t - ' - - ~ 1 - ;-_-:3" - instructions {roe Roeenherg for the flight of hiaeelf and hie _ ,v.. 92' V:- , ,__. 3- ~." family; * - 'f_ ' ' 1' ;~'= . t .- - -.5 1 r. ieriiarat to i the ioacnber- i F .; __. ,_'~ .31 . n. . ¢ ~'' -.;--- -' 'r family phgeician. He etated that in lag, 1950, he had a telephone convereation with Jhliue Roeenberg at uhich tine Juiiue asked what injectione acre needed to go to Fezico. Br. Bernhardt told him that he would need injections for typhoid and zemallpoe. Rosenberg odvieed the Doctor he nae noting this inquiry for e friend. The Doctor eeked_Roeenherg for eejficient notice no that he could get the eernn and Jnline anewered he would notify the Doctor if the ehete were neceeearg. 5-58236-Serial 864! QgnBchngiggr _ 92 v wanted of passport siee. Julius told the photographer that he and his janily intended to go to France. 5-55g35-geria1 931! ' '' ' " ' "1 , .- ' -. . .. .''- . I . ' '* _ , W ~ -» _ , - I .. U .> _ , - -_ - _ - _. I - _ , . , 1 ' _ _- _ _ ._ ~ ' - , < I - l. --. 4 _ , _ r .. e r _ _ _ - 1' _- . -. .= I :.. _ _ h -. "' xlhvid and Ruth Greenglass testified that Julius r h 92 . . . _ Rosenberg had a ooneole table which had been given to his oy 1. the.na_ Jueeians Q___.|___ ana __J IHICB__1.I_l was __.us_ _ . ______.. _._ -l _ _ qraphu i 1 _£~ '?< I'v : 1.?.~"4' »-@;§§ ,,. -,£_-}.¢;¢.-iiigij I- -. h Q norh._ ' f.~ }n- e [H '4_; § V +;. e __ Evelyn Cos, a Negro maid who Iorked part tiee,for the ',_ ..-'-.-1';ei~- Rosenberge, testified to seeing s neu table in the living roan 1. __92-92_ ' - -._...-$1- ,~:;:>_"e= __ A;-.1-§ of the Rosenberg aparteent eoeetine in 1945. Bhe deecribed_ E- this table as a solid nahogany console table and as the lost ;§g;. s$*w beautiful piece of furniture in the Rosenberg apartment. She _ e 1n-e . --92 asked Ethel Rosenberg where she had secured this table and Ethel ._ ._'-Ywir . - replied that it had been given to her husband by a friend as a - ~.---- T7 gift: 5 ehert tine efter,!!ret eeeiag this table, Jre, Ce; ~ recalled she next observed it in a closet in the Reeenberg apartment. 8he asked lthel Ihy the table was in the closet and if she should place it back in the living roan; lthel told her to leave the table in the closet since it nae too _a _ J 4/' . a _ _ -_ . -Dorethy Print: Abel! teetified_that ear1y in 104: 7 .¢;,~' |-_ . .- L -. -' 0 - ' ' - - -'--r'1 . ".',- - | -~ " . . ;@;f 'f;: .A H _ 5- ":;F.' 1:. ~47_.. t ' _ ;Tm» ; -. . _ - ., _ _ _ ._ . _ . - Q . =94 »~_{i___ Stanton Street, lea Tbrh 0ity.*"8he etated that ehe recalled .- < _=-:.;_:.=~:r-1.1: "-.- ..-.- rm L. a -.""---' t L - ~51"1 x 1.111 in January er February qf 1945, Jaliue leeenberg cane to the . -er. -.5 " 92'4,¥"-'¥I apartment and aehed her ta take a heoh_and leave the raoa. V, -- '. . -. V "' ._'.- 1 - " r . laeenberg etated he liehed to epeat to lath Greenglaea privately. y . _ . I , . . a$$ Ff? 7 Dr. Ioehi, a nuclear aheniet, teetified that from 1944 - u , _ __"____;,. - o . .-,, -_ ;-1.. .-__ 4_ 1 -_L.. _____.I_4_.I __J.e _ _._4__ l___I. __._.l__4 __e I__ II -GI -IIUUIBTIII IF _ UFIII DIIID PTHJIUF GU HUI ; llaaeet lb etated that hie awn wart nae related to ieploeiea reeearcha It etated it nae hie cuetan to make e ddeign qf a I _"'**'_"."'"_"_**-~ V". _.___a_..T___..._ -- __,.%____. H i. 1 1'1 1 92 power and would reveal to any expert what was going on at Lee Alanoe and indicate te the eapert ite relation te the aton bonb. =.L2ba...4.._P.¢ 1i . '. 5-58236-Serial aez! e V Q _ Derry testified he was a 0. 8. Army q ficer_fron 1948 to 1940. Re was aeeigned to the Ianhattan Engineer District at Oak Ridge, Tenneaeee, in the capacity af a liaison cjficer. In that capacity he visited Lon Alanoe from tine to tine. Hi had occaeion to eee the atom bomb which nae being conetructed at Zoe Alanoe. at nae shown a croes section eketch cf the aton bonb which wae drama by David Greenglase and introduced ae an exhibit at the trial. Alec, the court reporter read to Derry, David 0reenglaee'deecripticn of the aton bonb ae given in the testimony qf Greenglaee. Derry testified that from the sketch and description he could perceive what the actual conetruction cf the atom bomb nae and that it was the type qf atcn bonb uhich nae dropped on Iagaeaki, Japan, in 1945. nu aleo testified that to hie knowledge l ¥ Abel received a telephone oall from Greenglaee who requested .q....¢-n-_-.4_-...- ' Abel to go and eee 0. John Rogge and aeh Rogge if he would 5&1 , '4. _ repreeent Greenglaee in this trouble. Later that morning -54-3-' .."r ~,f é? té _ W_,____ ' V. *1 :0 Abel vent to eee Bogge concerning thie."_8ogge_told Abel that a i he had received a call from Greenglaee and that Greenglaee .,,,i?.92'-92 "c ~ 1 - _- ., . @@ §r- ranted lbel to turn over the noneg to logge. Later that dag 1he1_took the package_froa hie hone and returned to Rogge'e .' J-1. - l;'l_.., i _. - -* -* " o>_ q fice and turned the package over to Herbert J. Fahricant, - .n??E*5fi .7 ' Ragga ! aeeociate. "A l 5-5a23s}s5a!_' e i ' ...._; _-Hr - ;_ urg, Helga Pggggg _o 4 . _.% ,...=e.'-A Ire. Pagano, eecretarg employed by 0. John Bogge, _ '-.92 M ;->.': 1 HIE ~. ?r: w _._ 5 -=1-H - -dd"492";_~ T-'. -"K .- - teetifiea that on Jane 26, 1950, Louie Abel brought to 8ogge'e~ q fice a package of money urapped in brown paper. She etated the package contained $3,900. 5-58236-Serial 931! gar gjitcggr e . _ _ .~ _ -- J!.- -- ;§;_ ,5" Ilitcher teetified that he firet let Sobell while 4 ._.. both were attending Stugveeant High School in ew fork City. ._' -»- -57" -- +- in .1 .e_.. "_._.-'-"I Eh further etated that he and Sahel! aleo attended the College 3 , " -1?." T. '.;- -' of the City of New fort together from 1934 to 1938. Elitoher ,,;.:a+,»-,=_'e.1 _- _, n-».._4' :---3%.~-'- J *1 graduated from the ollege of the City ef lea fort aith a ... =..-5., . . i . _' "-.;.. bachelor's degree in electrical engineering. Elitoher pointed .1.» _ _3 ~'." "-2 ' e nf out that Juliue Rosenberg also etudied engineering at itg ___,..L ég:""3.',; College during thie eaae period. Elitoher can 8obe11 daily - at echool and eau Roeenberg 1eee frequent1y. llfter graduating, Ilitcher obtained employment with the Bureau of Ordnance, '40 1 .,,,_h..,.....,_.. -=_..-5....-_ Navy Department, Iaehington, D. 0., in Iouenher, 1938. Be o ;92|~ continued this employment until October, 1948. jQ- '* .-v w ~11 7. -- . In oeenoqi-',3-1988,Ilitchefreeidedat@816 Delafield -- --..-I- BQ- . -"- 1 -_ '1 -1 92 - 92 " - _. ' .' 1- - . =. ._uh-y -e , Place, Iashington, D. 0. During Decenher of that year Sohell . . a _" _-.0 . _ - . _ ctn§e cane to Iashington and etayed at a house neet to Ilitcher's 1 ieeah place qf_residence. *In April or Hay, 1989, llitcher and Sahel! 2 .1'n.'i--7: -.* .,=":5» loved in together and tool up residence in a private hone, - -3-'-I ___K,,!}i.- :5,-:_; _u3T~"5"_'-'--if-_ _ 4985 Beuenth Street, Iorthmeet. In Hay qf 1940, they aoved _..F"" '. 92'-- ,'- -..; into an apartment at £825 I Street, Iorthweet. During the -v -.1. - _.; -e. -fhrx -9_ period they lived together Bobell nae also employed at the ,.-_-n--|-- .- -»- _ L. .- -< " Bureau of Ordnance. 'InSeptember, 1941, Sobell left his = employment to go to the University of lichigan in order to continue his studiee. v-- 3'-.=92- - . : .-qr _. if . Ilitoher_further advised that during the period he .-.-| _ -5.; '5"-I -- - !-.~,"._;_;g lived with Sahel! they had conversations concerning the J .- A 92 -' Communist Party. It Sobel1'srequest, Ilitcher joined the '"-;;-.@_.-- , -- exam; vi ., -,3: '- at ; __ ,. Young onaunist League. About three-or four months after _-;__; s5'- ,' -"--' =. >;1a,_r.&l_;_: ="' .3595, lay of 1989, Ilitcher attended a neeting Qith Sobell at which there was a diecuseion about farting a branch of the Communist .. Q-'-F-Y 1; Party. fhis branch nae/armed and51itoher.joined the Conauniet » . .r' - I .. . : * _ -. - _ . . . -- ' . -- i », =_ I-. I-is .'::.'* Party at the end qf 1939. Hastings qf this group were held at -41-;=.=.,_.--. the hoassqf various aenhers'and_dueswere paid to the Uhairnan §&w* ' - 92 . _ ._, 4 _ _ _ J ' qf the group." Ilitchsr etated that 80be1l.Ias the first chairnar O qf the group. At neetinge discussions were conducted qf news - 49 - i events based on the Daily Iorker' and literature like "The .".-wen -I-:1: - _:,, :_' _f92_,_. Communist-' lhe group also discussed rziet and Leniniet ..-. 92--9-Iii--... .';;E; . theory;' Suggestions were lads to the members to join the - '. 1§§ We . _ I 92 q American Phace lobilieatien and'to assist the American Youth @- 1- . p: dongreso conuention. Discussions were also held concerning '"'1':.,. -- ~ 1 » -'J -4-W 2. ; _ _ :.l"." :";<=a 7 7. j'_"i - -~- -..x-:1 ,. -'92-- _-.¢ ,-U n ' _~_~ i ta.-_~, _q,E;._ ,_-,1-Qif, -.f.'_,. . ,.F ? _f l '1 Y :'§. §"24*4 -5 Z .-'. Tki teg¢;.-_t.__¬-;; .~ " 1" 1; i '-2%; e -=1 .1-. _._- , ' 1 ' ..Z._' "E _:"'~ a 1 0 i h ' f 92 "-4»w_s_~'v--'.d>4-- ' *+$F~ in order to aid the Soviet Union. Rosenberg asked Elitcher the . -~<%£;. @ ~.'¢ type of work Ilitcher was doing. Iiitcher answered that he was £#&§£ porting en cosputers and_firs-control systems concernedwith ' 4. '1' .. jg; ___'.L equipment to_oontrolthe fdring .; .:..¢1.. 3%.. guns._ Rosenberg .%§§§§ . v'_ asked £litohsr_to supply his with plans, reports, or books re- .. n - . . M ' -92 I - '. .1"Glu-_ ; ,. Ir _ QI II III Q 1 all a;u§$»+ Jinn»: _- .. ~§iu.e.~.-..~-1:1- ;__ think would be of value us.-1.... a i ' r wag 3' 4 -u-_."*1 _ . _ - 0 pa.. ,.-_ . ,. 3-= E%§i$e'M , »'T..1-Q zj -" '.:.3.'ar §_fa .!":= -1. E. -.».j 1_ ;3_V;. " . s K: >_ D- Ni ._, _ _.'i~ ' _-. , ,.1". 0 be given to the Soviet Union. Elitoher also told Sobell that Rosenberg had said Sobell was helping in this. Sobell became 92¢-' -mw "'-""r ---5' angry and said that Rosenberg should not have mentioned his name. _:;..",. 92 . 4 . - +~+ n :1. . __Z _ = nigh t_In'the Summeraf 19d5§ Ilitaher and his e112 werein .* _. --_ F. fee -. lee Ibrk an vacationand stayedat the apartment oJ'Julias- ' _92--- ant : si - +'-e-21. - . "L- InI . -2": '-" ,qe§¥ -'4--.;I '1..'_'. ~ --' m.:;.1'-5 . -1' -_ 1 ..; -,,, ._ e.- - .. _ -,"'1 I ~ -a-as -t-_ :, - ' I ;_¢-" -é*- FL-L . 7-" _ .':- " ' :.L;A 92- <'' ! .. . ." ...., '.*._'; . ;1 g-_s_A_ 33 -n-e-...-- 7*"-I %#*? :- 3 t . A ' ojyicial Business and stayed at the hone of Sobell in Schenectady. At the tine Sobell nae working at General Electric. On thie ...-loll ee.-.rv-a-1..- occaeion Sobell and Ilitcher discussed their uorh. .Ilitcher . . . ..- . a . I I _ . I . 92 T 92 ... ~,-...... told sobell that he nae o project_engineer on a f1re oontrol ''-e-~'--.=92. '- t _'.92'. 4' - I".-52 eysten and scbell inquired as to whether there were any reports h. 1;=i~ ~ . -T»._i 141-=» =~"_, L:!'~:.-*. !?92**'.". ~'*'- .. . iritten about this syetei."iiitcher told Sobell that there_mere . .i =;'.'~>. - - ¢="',f':--.-4-. cone panphlete written an varioue phases of this system. Sobell _ -..-K _ ' -"7 ¬. also asked if there I08 an ordnance pamphlet written on this .- #u.- er- --,-F - 1*! -L"-'.';"!' oysten. liitcher advised Sobell that one ode being written - {E A at by General Electric which would be ready about the first of the r"; -:,_I_'f_ year. Ilitoher stated he could probably get theee reports but - T that they mere unimportant. At this point in hie teetinony Elitcher pointed out that these reports were actually classified reporte. Ilitoher continued his testimony, stating that Sobell -.__ . '° -fa_ "'1.1: ._ - ,- .§:._e.'._ ,_',_ 5''92 . - v_ ,. 1.'#l"r"J-Y aduieed that he eee eereing en serve eeehanieee relating to ._....*~ . 5 re-- '.,' military work. Later that year Elitcher again saw Scbell, and ;,:-"3 ' '3 '- ~'<_ Z -1-.1 -. .._'. ~»& ..-. Bobell asked about the ordnance panphlet. Slitcher advised "2-"_;,""_:' .--Q . .- -.14 Sobell that it was not ready yet. Bobell ouggeoted that Elitoher eee Roeenberg again. At the end of 1946 or in 194?; Ilitcher . . . | . 92_ av, --' telephoned Rosenberg and said he Iould like to see him. Ilitcher min1 " -1 ;|_,__| --eiilw-h told Bceenberg that obell had suggested that he see Rosenberg. it?-WT At this tine Rosenberg advised Ilitcher that there had been some 1- t changee in the espionage sort; that he fhlt there was a leak, and that Elitoher should not cone to see hie until further notice. Q53; If . 92 I J ' Roeenberg nentioned to Ilitchor that he believed Elitcher |n¢a1¢ discontinue hie Coanuniet activitiee. Iiitoher teottfied that in 194?; Babel! had o/. eaplognent at the Reeoee Jnetrunent Conpang, New fork . ..--_,.-.-- -w.92- .I A _Q___.lQ4_.l _ __92_ A__ 4L . ___.___I .l____ -. il lng OJGIIIIIIG IIOPI [Or III-I nrpcu IUTCIIQ g F -,f.,¢:..-...... _ -éésn -5,-an-_. *"='._ ,7 -., 1,11,. lecured ma-Q '.-.-r- . ' _> -. -1.* - -w- -:1 J City, . '- . 92l - , . 1 eeveral tinee at Beeuee and an one ocoaeion had 1unOh i i So 4 , . with hin _ -1.~ ;'=-,-'_¢*. .7-_; .__.. ,,; ,E:*.__, at tho Sugar Joni, 89th Street and third Avenue, lam fork City, v . _ L_ in 1947. 8obe11 etated he nae sorting on a plotting board. . Ilitoher told Sahel! he nae eti11 a project engineer at the iii Bureau of Ordnance. Sahel! aeted Iiitcher on thie occaeion if _ _ a. - .;_ -.- Ilitcher knew of any progreeeive etudente or graduatee and if To .1 told ' '-_ 2;. 3 -__ no, would he put 8obe11 in touch with then. *l!itcher Q'..8"=";r.-w -*-gm - Q _7 - .t,_ ._,_ _ Bobellhe did not know ofany. Ilitcher then mentionedto E.- .1'.-iL %,.5 ...'-'.. , *92"'. >_-' ' t%§¥** _f:'*.1 "_-S: _.1- :1-2.1 ~2_{.¢~_r Q» "Q? ..'."-' . .A_. _ _ _ 92 92 <.92 {xi Ilitcher that because of security measures being taken by the Government, it was necessary to,find students to provide pinfornation whenno oneuould'suspeot. T;».H"fD ., f ., e J E_ . Elitoher further testified that prior to leaving the Eureau of'0rdnance, he had discussed with Sobell his desire to 4 --. . , _' V7 I eeoure new employment. This discussion occurred during a visit -- Iliteher made to lbw Ibrk City in the Banner qf 1948. Sobell her not te leave the eureau ef Qreeenee until Eliteher had talked to Rosenberg. Thereafter, Sobell nude an ap ointuent for Elitoher to nest with Iosenberg. They net on the street inn low fork, and Rosenberg told liitoher that it was too bad Elitcher had decided to leave because he, Rosenberg, needed some one to work at the Bureau of Ordnance for espionage purposes. Eobell was present at this nesting and also urged Elitoher to stay at the Bureau of Ordnanoe. Sobell then left the nesting. Rosenber and Ilitoher had dinner together at Manny Iolj'sRestaurant in New fork City where they continued to talk about Ilitcher's desire to leave his Job. Rosenberg wanted to know where important defense work was heing done, and Elitcher nentioned the Bell Laboratories at Ihippcny, Jew Jersey. Rosenberg suggested that possibly Ilitcher could take courses at college " to ieproue_nts status. 5-58236-Serial 615; . 3 llitoher also testified that in July, 1948, he took a trip to ew rurx City by oar, and that during this trip he believld te he was being followed. He proceeded to 8cbell's hone and told n Sobell of his suspicion. Sobell became angry and told Elitcher . 4>' mJ _-.. _s'4; ,_._ .,,_< _-e "-92 .' ...~~..__. he shouldnot havecone tohis honeif he felt he has being " __-hilqgr- 92-we-u-~ T _ ;.'.~_ Jwllcwed. Bobell told Ilitcher to leave the house and stay .1 somewhere else and then later agreed to allow Ilitcher to stay ». :..|'- __'==. ._ _92 with hie. 4 little later that evening Sobell mentioned to £15.}-_ i'3~.- ~ l T Elitoher that he had some information for Rosenberg which ,,, , »-...-_._- .-I-'*."* _ ; 1_ CT. ; - was too valuable to destroy, and he wanted to get it to _ j.-1.; ;.:"x:. _:;¥iP-G 4 . 1 . _ 92 . Ilitcher then left and drove to the vicinity qf the Journal . . . '_ American Building in New York City and parked on Catherine Street. Bobell then took the eon out af the glove compartment and left. Ihen Sobell returned, Ilitcher asked hie what Rosenberg thought of I1itcher's suspicions that he was being 5 than J £¥§ followed. Scbell answered that Rosenberg thought it was nothing to worry about. Sobell also advised tlitcher that Rosenberg we - _.._-,L=_";-1-»- .?_ -:3" r eaid he, heeeaberg, had eaae phoned Elieabeth heatley hat that ehe , _ _ I .~l-.~.;,_.- I _ 4 -as - _... '--1 ~ . did not knee hin. Rosenberg!. Q'~'h - ] ~t i '-n QihH. 131 1- .J__.', aide *5 h_ Ilitcher testified that Sobell poesessed_a Leica ,o camera, soee 85 na.filn, and an enlarger; and that all of the material Sobell worked on in his various places of employment was classified. He stated he last saw Sobell in June, 1950. - 56 - I Vi! ,i. h J. On erooe-examination Elitcher recalled that during Roeenberg e visit to his houee in June, 1944, which was 1/. after D-Day, Rosenberg nentioned that he had had a drink with . . 92 _ - 1 t -. : - = . . _ ':. ' - - -__ _ - I .~'._-' . . - . a Russian-in celebration of thie-euent- -Elitoher testified ~ _ I - > - _ . .- that Eoeenberg contacted hi: at least-nine timeenfron 1944 to 1948 in an atteapt to persuade Elitcher to obtain information ' . . 92 {hr hin, and that Ilitoher always put hin q fe However, in l9dB, Ilitoher told Rosenberg that he dejdnitely would not aooperate with hilt es-sszss-616,asv, ass! Elisabeth gerrill gentle; - _ ' I _ Elisabeth Bentley testified ae follows: She joined 7 the Harlan section qf the Communist Party in 1935 and remained with that section until 1938- In July, 1938, ehe eecured a job in the Italian Library of Infornation.--During that year ehe was t»-'-=4. -_ ,=. E .. _ _,_,_ .. , 5 Li 1 --_ - inetraated ta 9; nndergreand and nae told to pretend not to knee kwwt; - - ~ .2-"1 I *=.-_;_-it-1-_. . , other Oonnuniete. Ihile enployed_at the Italian Library Qf . "*5 . _ E "" F _.¢':~:- 112la W*;Pf~ Information, she cans to tno Ieraooio~Iarini, a Oonauniet Party an-.., . .._. q fioial who handled Italian Consuniet activity in the United t. '7_; :'-I = ,.,,,,_,._.-* . :1, -5' - . i t - -» States. She knew lbrini under the naee ef I. Brown. In October, . .".1 '-- -'-'-~* H v.1' 5. ._-.-_ 1-0 !4 ,. 'L 1.. . 1938, ehe net Jacob Goloe through Inrini. Goloe nae in the .;,.;-,_;,;.-.-.- - - i ,- .; - 1 , ,_ .. ' . r"._ Communist underground end operated Iorld_reuriet, Ino.,_a travel % * r 6 . agency set up in 192? by the Communist Party._ Boloe had been, .'!1'I_ Z - . V.--a-.~ --1' '7 until the tine qf his death in Iovenber, 1948, a nenber of the three-nan oontrol eoemieeion of the Oonnuniet Party in the United - 5? /"C /., '-e e t i U ,.H. ___. .. '* *. States. According to éentley, the CommunietParty of the United .;.,'£ V. . ' | . ' . _' - . ~- r ~ » . 92 I 'stateepart nae of the 0onnuniet'lnternational;fAfter Oolos died, Bentley had other oontacte, the last one being Anatole-Gronou,, '¢4_, 7 1.. .__ Itret Secretary of the Soviet inhaeau in the United States. The - . ; _ my ' . - *1" -... last contact with Gronov nae in Deoenber,'l945. She stated that ' _ v|i.}"" -.,.:.'-'.""..--_'. _}.- .._, 1. W _ ,.,.5:;,'. . _ 92"';>-1 -91 - r_ the information_uhioh Golan had obtained was paoeed on to the .,, '92 Soviet Embassy. After doloa died, Bentleyis duties consisted of ' :72: .." '~ :11 =:'~' -l collecting infbrnation fro: Oonmuniete enployed in the U. 3. glib-.4_ _:. _1:,' V . -__:-;,'_ -e,,*'-7-1-7,-_._,< - Government and paaeing it on through Gonnuniet euperiore to Moscow. A , ' _ a She etated that Iorl_Brovder, as well as her own observations, gave her the knowledge that the Communist Party in the United ' v .'.": §""*":'* .. _= ,-12;? -_ ~11?" States eerued the interest: of'Hoecow. She revealed that ehe . .92-.-- trdnenitted orders to Earl Browder from Moscow, which he had to acoept. She pointed out the close relationship between the ..-. 5'1 !-aV. . '}rw$%% _~-~ .s.-. '--3' Gonnuniet Party in this country and the Communist International __;- - :...; --92_;;--/ " ".r.» and etated that at Goneuniet Party neetinge thie close relation~ ;1_._., .-7.-__-_ .- '~" +.a_:. ship was preached, and any aenber who did not adhere to the Party ' 1;.-'4"-1 _ line ae dictated by the Connuniet International in.Hoecow nae > I e:pellsd.. She revealed that all of her oontaote in her pork were | ~ *~. .ebtained from the Communist Party. ',,i " 'i!lin . In em Sumner of nee, Bentley reported to the rs: all . .;. _,» under FBI guidance which she did until the Spring of 194?. - 53 - Vt W % Jo Q Bentley etated that during her aeeooiation with Goloe, ,_ -ehe beoale auare of the {net that Goloe knew an engineer named 1 : -1- . . _ n, _-. Q _ i 92 _' q, raliue.", It the Ihll of 1942; the aeoonpanied Goloe to Inicter- Qwlph. boater Village but remained in hie automobile. She nan Ooloe ;*uf'* conferring with fuliue" on the etreet but at some dietanoe. ' -. -s-..-».~*i'l¥'' from oonvereatione with Goloe, the learned that Julius lived in .. ' , - v e __I.___V._ lhickerbocter Pillage. She also etated that ehe had phone oonvereatione with 'Uuliue ,fron the tall of 1942 to Iooenber, 1943 %*-3? -i w?1=i On the objection ef dejenee oouneel ehe nae not allowed to deearibe 1Juliue' or teetifr that Goloe had obtained ihfornation fro! I "Juliue."' .5-sazas-aa2!', t ' . e - " ,_ i Bentley, in interviews with FBI Agents, had described ,5,-f Julius ae being 5'10" or ll" tall, elin, and wearing glasses. She had also advieed that Juliue nae the leader of a Oonnuniet . .3 ;;i; £* .- eell of'engioeer: which nae turned over to Goloe fer Soviet r.---' 92 '-'1-"Ev i , -{':.; .»., .. »_ 1. _- eepionage purpoeee. Juliue nae to be the oontact between aoloe : - ,.'»,.. iw.,.=92.-'{"'f'-HI; $4 and the group. Gbloe believed this oell of engineere nae capable ';'.. .. ;..._ i. ».__-d. of development. Zhoeetigation by the IBI dieoloeed that from 1948 on . g r _g:';%*;:;.Jiliue Roeeuberg resided at 10 lbnroe Street in a development - *4 -=..V! '-;; '-~- - -¢ P"?-. __ 92. .- : In I I92 ~ 1 -'*- io- 1/ .uMm c .L '» . l;mo c _- r. ' 4 ..... i92___J___ -. -.._.-.-_--J. -A ll--4-_ 41- _ .... 1, :3 Q '-ll - ' _I gnnzegrr; u U-I-GIUIIIFI OJ Ive;-I-an 6 ~l; ___ ., - _. V. k ._ H A _ _ - &'n _ 4% ~to@w~ HgagyimS .141 __, L ,, .1 , .l: . - Y -'5" 92 »@:g_'4 :~:-%_.. 1 - ~u a ré-1; ; =I1 1i'i- .L~=w _ ?Fh 5! .1 +;-?~ :.'A 5; f " I.~;.;-K1" .r.~-;-f~*==_. Rosenberg at the College of the City oj'lem fort, testified that .,1 V ' <, - ; ' about June 20; l950,_he telephoned Bobell and acted if he could Iv»: -..,. ' '.* '*'...._';: -, . K 2? E =5 '1' ,' '92. - , -. ,1" borrow an electrical drill from Sobell. Sobell told Danziger he was leaving for a vacation in lixioo and that tf.Danetger wanted 4, ,- ii 7..-*1 :1! the drill he would have to cone to hie hone and pick it up. 514 : -2; . . _ . Dangiger vent to Sobell's hone and eaw Horton and Helen Scbell and § "' . - -92" , F "éti Idith Leoitcv, eteter of Helen. ofacking was in progroee and - ¢~1¢ > valieee were etandiag about» The Sobell car nae in the driveway 1 O J I etated he delivered the note containing Sobel1'e pseudonymand .--.*,*>i-:--~ address to Pasternak. Daneiger answered Sobell'eletter by . .t_,___-.-_ 92 J _ .. r _, , I . _ > .I3"7 :'=-. .-=.._ ' priting to WI. Bowel! at the leeieo city address. or also V92 .-__,__ ,. testified that he placed the letter addreseed to Idith Levitov 4- "-1.7;I . i s '51..-§%5;_£;~'.' in an envelope and nailed it to her. _?vo weeks later Daneiger - :11 ' ' ~"- received another piece of_Iai1 J?on 8obel1 postmarked in Iezico -5,-_..--,.-2"-»-=~': ¢ - . :2-1:. city. The return address on the envelope had the naee of'!U. or J;?§3§ . 2 .,._ e.__I-ix. _ ... _; _ Marty Levitov" with a Iexico 0ity_addrese which Daneiger believed ,._. e Fa to be Cordova or Cordoba. The envelope contained a letter for qt»-_ Donziger, an encloeure Jbr Edith Levitov and a note requesting -,r;1" .-..-,-=1 naneiger to forward the enclosure to Edith Levitov. Daneiger nailed the enclosure to Edith Levitov. H8 stated that no did ' ' e not hear_fron Sobell thereafter. 5-58236~seria1 864! F!- *1-I_1"_..41 -- 7, .Z _.. _r ~-z _,_-, o .!E!£££_§£_l2£_Bl££. ' . 4 - Q; i Rios, residing at 158 cordova, Apartment 5, Mexico -1 1' p- 4 s.a-4 I .sI. e J_ up-.b_ in->J92 h_ __.l. 4.: ___ J- l.'_ :- ;§f1-- '7';','iI-"lty, teltified that in July, luau, ne let eivoe 35 ' fr-"I - _ 92._.~:,!._: H. :.<-_ £21 " .. 1 -;_-'<-.- X ,7- ~ __. -~ " _r;:.'_ .'."' ; family who had loved into the adjoining apartnent. Sobell aehed 92 l -,-: __, _.I l_ : é . . _ _ 92... lies Jbr advice as to howhe could leave lexioo. He told Rios -Q,.'92.. A _ .. ._ he was dodging nilitarg eervice in the United States Jrny. On ..,1 .-. v.-_ .~ ." one occasion Bobell asked Rios for directions to go to the Port qf Tera crue. Bobell thereafter left Ihrico City around July 80 or July 88, l950, and nae gone for 15 days. Rios received a letter about 8 days after 8obel1'e departure poetlarked Vera Cruz. He opened the envelope and observed that the letter was - 61 - I - jbr Hrs! Sobelle Es delivered the letter taalrsi scbelli gbout i>-.92nni' Inf-I 2;'i*.;i..':..- 6 or 7 days later, Rice received c second letter from Sobell F . postmarked faqpioo, lezioo, which Bios also delivered to Hrs. Sahel - ' e 92 _ e _ __ , ' 1 . 92 lies did not see Bobell after his return to lesion City." " ' - :_ -ell! "';» 4 . ~ u-»' _- - n-- = 5-58236 Seria1 ave! - ' 1 i . 92 V, V _ _ . . ' K.i~¢Pv<=e "s11e21212212 f_ -- » " u . _ . 92 92 ..,_. . --l!'."'* _"; _ - fa? ~ -' l - This witness, an employeeof Optioa Palacios, an 1/F J . . '3 . ' _ "a:jr"'_'.- ". - - - optical concern in Vera Bras, identified Sobell ca an individual who used the none H; Sand in purchasing eye glasses from her. _ ,. ,,e ,1 A _ 5-58236-Serial ans! ;;,,_ loge procado fendrgll» _- - "_ V ' ;;"i" - this witness,on enployeeat GranHotel Dilipenoias,' Vera Cruz, identified a registration card of the hotel dated July 30, l950, containing the name Norris Sand. 8obel1's -J4 ii.E:a'i if' . attorney conceded that the signature on this card was in the > »- ".. »-S' '5 .1 -;:1_;'... * - - '. . i_- '?£&-_ '-5:: .1 v--_. ..,,.. .. E3: __%*~'¢-i-= " V. .,._ -' _W92'- F555 | . 92 1J,,| ' 1. ,1 ~41 '1" .-_-..-,,- _ " .1. '.'. 7 I 1 Q I Qlgfl 2811B ! xv. Dennis, travel superintendent of the GUA lexicon -.-Q .. -'."'»-1; ,a.-.;.I'.- Airlines, produced a passenger nanifeet reflecting the name Q. - _ __ .92'92-'1 / ,. Shadon a plane flight from YeraCruz to Tanpioo onJuly 30, den . - e @950,4 andanother passenger aangfeet reflecting the none lbrton 55%? _,- .¢- - Jolt on another plane fiight from rnnpico to lbzico City on 14>_-._ -- "Q5?" .16'*n~,92-v»-.r. . ._ -X iuguet 8, 1950* Sobell'sattorney concededthat QL 5and, lhrvin_ *1 -- 1--_,_ . -*1 =2-r-Téé-*. -",'*'Ft?.':_. 4? - sit. 8? F .::-_'..-Q . Salt and Horton Bolt were in fact lbrton Eobell. 5-55335-Serial F am. ='»-- M..- '-.--' eeszemsrn urgazr aoam v 'L . Julius and Ethel Rosenberg teetgfied and denied all _ espionage allegations against then, Ihey admitted having a ,3_ _.._:-_: console table, but denied it was a gift from the Rueeiane as .. ,, ._.l v; -, __' '2.--/_» '* -.;,;; . . .. claimed by David Greenglaeeand his rife, They stated that they bought this table at Ihcy'c DepartmentStore in New York City in asked queeticns as ' e 1944 or 1946. On croee-examination, they were to their Cbmnunilt affiliations. They refused to anemer on the 2.1;-u-._,-"1.- '41 _._ ..1? grounds of selfhinorininatione ij»-h. y ;..¥% we" g V _ .fhonae 7..lelly of lbcy'eDepartment Store was called . '#5;" .~ - .' .a»-" - -n q.<;_, ce c defenee eitneee and teettfied that gang ; ia1ea'racorda fbr the year 1944 and 1945 had been destroyed and that there was no - -_..ac,.av.-.- '_;4.-c . V 7'°°'d f * ° '°°* §f5£3553§$#!a!:°§as,929,930,931! ° 9 ; b1' glbrton Sobell did not takefthe-stand. .<',. ». .- J , _ . - 1: 0.910 or1'_;4_;_.;, _ _ _ _ ' On lurch I8, 1051, counsel for beth_sides sunned up their ease to the fury. On this date Judge lhufhan charged the Jum J |r un a- l _ . _ On lurch 29, 1951, the jury rendered a verdict of guilty 1-_-... - -_- -- ~| 92--I. against the three defendants, Julius and Ethel Rosenberg and __,,.. 92 'vun:t~92- ..-... V lbrton Sobelli / ---.- ».;-»-,- .--_.~. n-A 1» at éié . 1~ 4 _ -,§; »o §]_ After the rendition_qf_thefuerdiot; Judge Ihuflhn. . _ k . __ :_ ._ <1 : c'1. - '-%-newL1-_ -.-';- 3- " ' '- and er, Bbypel thanked the Jury fbr their patience and care in w@i:¥. , _ - - _ ._,_ - %? * lifting in thie oeee. . ;*r~'! __ { e', . ;oe ~- . r_ L1 . , .», .., .1U II-n -IQQL -'n-.- ;;IJ-|-_-4- -0-cult pm; '1-Qn _ ' II ; IIJUQII "0 GIUUFIIII lift "115 Ullrul Zr, 92-._92- --...'. s_ _- . ...,.-; -_- r 4 P. jh-u .",_ - 4,. . 1.. _:;z.~ -we - - 5 5"? , , - , - . etated in port ea ,fo11o|oe: 'I ;oont to extend nylappreeiation - ' ..__ .:.' to the Court Jbr its courteeiee, and egoin I repeot_1'uont to 92_.-- E" 4..;_-ht ---43.5 -':'-.:; -' . -_ .1.;.__,,¢._, i; **'wg-4 eztend my appreoiotion_for the eourteeiee extended to IO by oi --'_..-_- . I er. Sbgpol and the nenbere of hie etq f, l I011 oe the nelbere .1 . 1-_ '_ .--,- -- 41¢ .. qr the I31; end I would like to eog to the jury that o Jewyer I '_'{'gZ;:_7-1".f 2" . 'T- .;,___ I A " ! H. 1.' '3 doee n§¥*u1naue Iin o ocee; 011 that o Jaeyer eepeote ie c j§ry__ to decide a caee on the evidence with nature deliberationt. _.-".;;'.:E I '1 feel eatiefied by reaeon qf the leqth of time that ~;v*1 you took Jbr your deliberations! ae tax; ae the queetione noted T. M .. .. - - 1 during the couree qr your deliberutione that you examined very ¥.ni - . ' u .¥i earqfully the evidence and cane to 0 certain cono1ueion.' 5-58236-955-Env.! On April 5, 1951, Judge lhufion inpeeed the following Ienteneeel " ~- _____.I -3 iyjiug geengegg - ieath, euch eentence to be CGFTIIU - ,92 __'-._ ' = I. -- -" - 1:. _ . - 92'..;-_ out during the peek of lhy :1, 1951. §jg;1_Qgggg g;g - death, each eentenoe to be carried ~ 1 - -out during the peek of Hey .2 ,_zes1, E .n|_,-{- -0 . ' In imposing the death eentence on the Rocenberga, Jhdge Kaufman made the following comments: II Your crime is worse than murder. Plain deliberate, contemplated inrder is dwanfed in Z--iv! _. '1 :7 .1 nagnitude by comparison with the crime you have committed - - - - '- |"1 -' : 92 , .....-tum-up __'-' -um Q - but in your cane, I belieue_yonr_conduot in putting in the r-1-I - . hands of the Rueeiane the 1-bomb yearn oefore our beet ecientiete - - c-»,,_' =- ¢ H -.4 _ - predicted Rneeie wo ld perfect the bonb has already caused the onuuniot aggreeeion in Ibrea with the reeultant caeualtiee 4,-I --,3 = §'?£5E'§;1;"? -exceeding eo,ooo - and who knoue but that aillione more of innocent ':E §¬ -, J L, »='..' -,_. ,_- people any pay the price of your treason. - - "~ - - .2. F" ' ,- On April 6! 1951; Jhdge Iaafian inpeeed a eentence of - r; _M_ &-. '. ,1 15 genre on Lauid Greenglaee= In eentencing Greenglaoa, Judge A-1 : 1 Eg oii Iaufhan etated that he did not condone or nininize the acts of Greenglaee, no etated he must recognize the help given by ' Greenglaee in bringing to jneticg,"the arch criminals in thie r nqfarioue echene.' no pointed out that it toot "oourage ,fer M=o;;n Oreenplaee to teetify ae he did and that Greenglaee had helped '» 1 . _. ..:>,._ to etrike a death blew to the trq ficting cf our military ._._,._l_ ,_ =1-L» g. eecrete by foreign agente.' Ii eleo etated to 0reenglaee,'Iou, L, +4.. . at leaet, have not added to your eine by committing the additional .2.-*1»;-1:"'- '.' .92, T 1= urine of perjury. ~ r'*".'" T.'?TFEFeII7F¬II9éZZ9!3 ¬Q!RE£TIFG !4R!9Q§,PEF30£¥ E flTH lQL¬U5_£Q55FFE3§, F§ His 553I°"4?&;AFTI7il{§5 I _' -Iu,...,.., "_92 ....,.1 gate; Peg] e- j ? -.-- --4 -.-.*-- --..' -. _:-r ,-~_.-.rt1.-'_. ,_- :'a {' David Greenglaee aduieed that in September er October of 1946, Rosenberg told him that he Rosenberg!had - 65 - , . I received from "one of the boys the mathematics involved in the oonetruotion of an atomic energy airplane motor. .1 1-a-r . '-'~- .£.'-l,-; -'1» _£avid 0reenplaee.aleo_advieed he leorned,fron . - -e -I '- --n_-.__..|...... - . 5'. '"_RoeenbergAthat.hoeenberg had tan anartnente which vere need .' 4-3-o~v~_-'- - "-1 . - . ._ _ _. V - 1 "ehé + for photooraphing material which was turned overlie the Sbviete, ~ 1 . - _,_ P -_e_.~. .. 0reenglaee'aleo learned from Roeenberg that Jbel Barr worked '3' :_" e --¢¢=__'#'92 '- -**{ n thie apartment; v --- - Perl was born Uctober 1, l l , in Few fork Eity, under the name of Iilliaa lbtterperl. Re changed hie name to Perl by i*§§;~ _ " "._ K court order in 1945. Hie_father nae a native of Rueeia and hie -* 'll , . '7. -1 - nether, a native of Poland. . ' -6» _ "" -_. 5_ Perl hue a olaeenate at the College of the ity of ., >1 . . iv e-_-W New fort of Roeenberg and lbrton Sobell. Perl began employment E 1.; 2: ;,.;-er», .§o'~:= _.* - . 6'5." with the National Advieory Committee for Aeronautics H101! in . 5 ._. .-2 ,3 __-_~ £- 1939 and '4 -J. nae aeeigned to Langley field, Virginia, from 1939 to 1944, at vhioh time he pee troneferred to Cleveland. Re remained V -.'-'7.[Q55 , _ . by J16! at Cleveland Lntil Beptenber, l8§Q, pith the ;=.-Tl." enployed Y E-':~ ~= .K ...,r_-k. eeeeption of e_period between 1946 and 1948, when he etvdied o at the California Inetitute qf Technology, Paeadeno, Ualgfornio, and at Columbia University, New fork City. During hie employment with I103, he had acceee to highly classified infornation. - 55 - luring the Baeenberg inveetigatia , rwrl can interviewed by Bureau lgente on July 87, 1950, ten daye after Rosenberg nae . -_- ---=-.-. ' -'..w arrested. Perl admitted that en July 23, I950, he had been _' _ 4. 1 » contactea at hie apattaent in tleceland by a nonan, whoa he ' ' :-*- . -- -i . . r . _ . ,,,. lad arevtcaelg anon it algltrl friend of Joel em-. [one Irate .-~__.'. -_ - .. . A kin a note in which eke etated that eke had been lnltrlcted by_c stranger to apeat to an aerenauttce engineer in Cleveland and ~'.i.;;'¢=;',,::-»?'.give hi: honey and lnetrccticne en ion to Ieace the country_fer . » , . J - .. F ,, - ... _ - .. _.._-.. n _ 11- - -1 _I..e-.-. if " ' ." UI- JIT '§_l fir ll--I-lIl.aI _' --1/ »'_92-5-'1 '-"..".-1 nIq"_ ieiici. iii irot ,folleeing her departure, he f1aehea_the aete dean the lavatory has It to qf intereet to note that prior to the arrest on Jane 16, I950, cf lucid Breenglaee, Greenplaee lad been * given inetructione by Roeenbcrg to leave the country via lezfce; Iorton Bobell actually lent to lezica in Jhne, 1950; Alfred Sarant dteappeared from the U880 on August 4, 1950, and ie tnocn to have creeeed the border into leeico en luguet Q, 1950. - _ Pbrl lac called before a lbderal Grand Jhry on .-4.-J. _ -_. 4-I ;-_4 LI -41 4.--._4 -1-.-. LI; 4.-._ _.I -l.J__ I F UIII H-II iIIIFlI'lI~ UUHFITIIIBQ III IIIUCIUFIUI nith lceenberg, Bobell and ethere. la c result he nae indicted en lhrch 18, 1951, in the Soutlern Iietrtct of In Iert en fear ' 92,-/ A § . 4 : - v erjury trial of Perl commenced beforeUnited States District Judge Sylvester Ryan in the Southern District of ew fork and a jury, .0n lhy 22, 1953, the jury returned 0 verdict of guilty on two counts and not uilty on two counts. On June 5, 1953, Y t ~Perl was sentenced to;five years an each aount,to ruh'concurrent1y, - ; W ~' L ;-- - _ __ -1 _ /A-Ir. e.-nD'll'!92 l» _ - - q¢,+--__ _?- ,_ _ o~_;..; {O0-Jv04a;_ -i!£l_§QEZ'"'"; ' ~ " -~ -V .-i '. . ' s_' '". . i ' »_ . ' l '92 - _ . " i ~ As noted hersiabefore, David Greenglaes advised that after the arrest qf Harry Gold on lay 83, 1950, osenbery attempted to persuade Greenglass and his wife to flee on the 3,8. via Herico. icoordiay to Grseaylaaa, Roaante W 92 i that more iaportant persons than Greenglass had left the country . _ J and aentionedthat Joel Barr left the Ui q before Fuchs was arrested and was working for the Russians in lhrops. Greenglasi _.__, also advised that Rosenberg told his that Barr had gone to Europe 3% - 1m ,,_._ K to study music and was using his music studies as a cover for ,.. , .}" ._ his espionage activities. * ~' i -. - ~ A- --»-,1- -- . _ -rug 1' an-._, _. Josl larr was born January 1, 19l6, in Brooklyn, E311 = ;1W lea fork, and was a classmate of Rosenberg and Sobell at the 92 7 ,: _:Iq .1". _';'f ?" f*' Qollege of the City a!'Iew fort, He graduated jron the College _"T-*#¥+¥j ..- ."' _'- I 1 . of the City of New York in 1988, with a baohelrh degree in I- electrical engineering. as was enploycd_fron July 1, 1940, to February 88,1942, asa junior electrical engineer,lbrt Monmouth, nv lea Jhrsey, in the Signal tbroeLaboratun-ies andwas dismissed rafter Investigation disO1osed_that he had signed a Connunist a - , - - pctitl l. -in 1039. -Is sppiue for a ms. passport on December 1, 194?; giving as a reason for travelling abroad his desire to broaden his background by study in Europe. Ie left the U.8. _z+ 7, e _ ._._ __..- .-_. . .s ,._,, t '- ,,,, ,, _ ___ _ k_ j A _ _ _ ______H W , -> -- - _ V, __~__-_;------W- -K 4 . W ;______. _ . .._ J ______J_ __ __ ______ . 92 I on Januarg_;l, l9d8; for Paris, France. He is known te have _A__IJ___I j _. _l__¢_.L __L_.IA.I ___l_I.__ _.l_ A--l_,I___ __I._-._ 4... IFUOIIG J0? IIIOFI PCTIOGI if ill! G- I FIGIUIIOBJ I6-BIIOJI in Sweden and Holland and ostensibly supported hineelf by playing - the piano. Ii disappeared from hie residence in Peril on June 18, 1950, the date dreenglaee was arrested, and hie LL present location is not known. '" lb: Elitoher advised that Barr was an acquaintance. Ilitoher stated that he nae present at social gatherings at. 65 Horton Street, lee fork Oityg attended by ioeenberg, Barr, Alfred Sarant, Iillian Perl and Hbrtan Sobell. ' Alfred sarant aduieed in an interuien pith bureau Agents in July, 1950, that he associated closely with Joel Barr beginning in 1941. Sarant stated that Barr frequently visited his at his apartnent at 65 Horton street; that Barr had a key to the apartment and that in 1946 when Sarant moved - to Ithaca, lee York, he let Barr take over this apartment. ' Sarant stated Barr eubeeguentlg turned the apartment over to etated that he believed Barr nae a I Sarant vacated thie apartnent in the tall qf 1946, when he noaed to Ithaca, lee Ierk, hat he thereafter allowed variaue cf hie jrien . I -.. to nee the apartnent including Jbel Barr and lillian Perl. r : -3-1-w J ' t ._ the euperintendent qf the prenieee at 65 lartan street -h. -. , : - ' . edaieed that in I944, then he had eccaeion te enter thie apartnent .3 -I-lei...-. _ -47-, 2' .2. .--,- . in cennectien with hie cnetedial datiee, he abeeraed that the epartnent centained very little furniture. en eaid that there were three iren eingle cote in the epartnent, ncrh henchee in the .. living roan, a caneiderahle quantity qf electrical teele and a eeaeral black teal bazee in the aleeet. the een qf the eaper- intendent adaieed that in the Iinter qf 1949-50, when he entered the apartnent he ebeeraed e reflector-type,fIaod halh eaepended -ma-..,_,. 1&1 U, _frcn a mall bracket aver the kitchen table which nae in the living roan and that there nae berg little furniture in the apartnent. _ It ehaald he noted that Sarant left lea fart City an Auguet 4, 1950, aith a nanan. It ie hnonn that Barant and thin nanan entered lerice ehcrtlg thereafter. lhe laet definite tnfernatien concerning hie Ihereabonte nae an lngaet 18, 1950, when he and thie Ianan were hnaan ta have left Guadalajara, leeice, {tr leziea City. the preeeat nhereahaute qf theee indiaiduale ie nnhnena. ' - bring the leeeaherg inaeetigatien, Ba:-ant nae inter- viened en eeaeral eccaeiane. It Jhlg, 1950, he ndnitted W aequaintaneeehip Iith hath Jh1iue_end Ithel laeenherg, etating he jiret net then eenetine between 1942 and 1945. Sarant alea ndnitted nenberehip in the Cennuniet larty in 1948-1944, adnittl Km Q S 1* being an acquaintanceof Iilliam Perl and admitted cloee associa- tion, with Joel Burr eince 1941. Ie etatecl lie probably set .0,-1* ».- *- ' . ' . , '- ; - " . ~¢-: Rosenberg t?iromgl_ Mrr. - '_ -r H Z ._ . ' - ~ o lorant etated he had a eeneiderable interest and _ _ . e -.'nv-;-_; 7 - Eta ; ;, rt"___ proficiency in photography and admitted lacing film development __ J --L . ,_ _ equipment and flood lamp: in in epm-tunt"qt es Horton strut. §_§.! . T'-'; V __ 92 r. ... _ - I 9- 1 -59-. 1 .: . ~.-" ' He aleo etated that Joel Barr had I Leieo camera hen Barr nae 1.-t-sr ' -.7 :_*._?f residing with him in thil apartment. * A i e _ V * - lei?-. ' ' ~ Sclraat further admitted that em eme eceaeion Jislime -»4:. loeenberg ipropoeitioned him to eound him eat poiitiealgy, out Bar-ant claimed, "1 didn 't oite."_ le refueed to furaieh any uietaile concerning thie "'propoeitiou." _ Ear-ant qae born September 26, I918, in lea fork City, andmaegraduated in eleetrical engineering from Cooper ~ Union J,» . _, _w in June, 1941- le mas diechorged from the poeition of junior FQ ' _ Pg" radio engineer pith the Bigaal Cerpe I-oberatoriee, fort Ionmouth, k 3... ".", is lei Jersey, en September 3, 1942, and moe characterised by hie .1-. . n ,- euperiere ee m labor agitator. Ie mae thereafter employed oe en J -»r?'--"- -G en»-4 engineer of the ieeteri iieetrie Eempany eee ieii feiepilone 7-.-n~i:An_|_goo#' __ Q; Laborateriee in lem rm City, resigning from the latter concernO Fdriz , . - -i -I I September 11, 1946, from October, 1946, to the date of lie die- _..,.'_i . J . _,....._. -: '-* . --o_ appeeranae, he reeided in Ittaea, III York, there le mae eel]- employed ae a building and painting contractor. - 91 .. $2 aj I I -i _go;q."U,f1fI§.1l-PARTL!1?A§r1;:z_r;z-sew. we fiio-F56 -4~i ,l?A, £i=LB;7l'H»1.l_-F__..mr Rvsiz-moss oz I .1._,.,,.,,,_]_ x R£RT II 4:? ;,__- _-=. _ ' --:- . -» . ;_. -- 1.-n '.-.- -~ .. ~, . 7-4. . 1- . _; .._ J -¢ ;_ ,Yé1. the deeperate. __, legal etruggle c _, Iaged . enoenalf of' . the' . -. . _' _ - 1. . - , _- ._ =_ ._ '5_ __ ' »_'2 Beeenberge_hae equallylatched inrinteneityby anextraordinary T ' 2. . 3. Q propaganda driveto Save the £oeenberge.' Significantly,the . ;1-gvf; *2. _: ._;:..; . _ _ Connunieta'freneied toefyvrt rescue the Boeenbergefro: legal . '-$1. . ,_., - _;L:'-- aurder' naedeferred for more than a year qfter their arreet 3*-L1 and for more thanfour months after they had been foundguilty in a trial vhich the Communistslater branded ae a Weonetrcue .'. ma .§ '. ,.~;_§__ _-71,2. r92"'u.~ - 2 ' - _-'I ' *1@f§§ 1.1; --:'_-- -' "'1-f"':?';"*,-5'.-.-_4 ' §::i§§§_ 7. !.6 ..'._ . ' " . p'_v ' A . |.- '=""'."' f;-j_.-== of . Q .»"e;¥§ frcae-up,= a travesty of in K Rcaenbery _~'§-'3 t-"=v',_;,_._' completely ,'_f unnotioed_in the usually vigilant Communist Party ii ,1 -w 51.1,.- preesi Hot a wordabout the alleged Rosenberg{frame-up '" 11-:ir_:_.: - =i "!" ""-'.;:11:3 "'_@""""l' :_'*--=_ - - ;_-.u-'1u ._._:_j, 144-."Y farty'e firstpublic recognition qf the Rosenberg casegave no . 913. _ - hint whatever of the trenendoue propagandaetorn which the Communists would later raiee over the Boeenbergo. luried lhe 92 conepiououely on page 9 of the Daily Icrker' Hhrchcf 80, I951, the Roeenberg conviction was reported in tne.foilowing routine juenicnee-5 ~.-1c._-;H;v__:_ _.F . Wt . _ _ _ 1. _ l '§nn§9_|_:_gnQ' I":-in! ~ e _ ,- ~ :l:_____I-I- LEI . 1 - -O '!he lain Governaent aitneea nae David ireenglaee, brother of Ire. Boeenberg.' I-rl lrr Ib,further notice appeared in the W aily Yorker" _ .-.-, ,_..,.v-15. 1;:_- . ...- poneerning the loeeaberg eaee antil April 8; li l, Ihen it aae announced under a feature headline ae fbllaae: hoeenberga it - __ 8entenced to Jeath, lhde Soapegoatalfor Iorean Far. fie Z - -,.r. . §m__..~& . Q;,_;'1:'._"'.i5:'._ article, noting that the Qooenherge pare garente of Q eaall I;W63 ¢~* _ '1: ._ children, appeared to be aiaed chiefly at condeaning the H J rtai aeoerity of eentence rather than the aerdiet itself. ,1he lord W I fraae-up, later to becoae virtually agnengaoue with the . J, . . -2 _.;=. :;:n._.,.,_- Rosenberg trial in Conauniet propaganda, Iae not need once. In the ...'. ieeue of the "Daily Iorhe:-,' a front-page editorial charging that laerican Qbanic aongere' were deliberately trying ___- :_.;_l,... , L Ii .; -V ;_1_ a=s_-, I _¢ u-,_ 92 -* k # .~ ---n1-.» 4-»92,,,_.r b Q Rn . ~$ 4Qa92l4agn '4 e a5 unn-I - @ _ - ¢ -- G nan IIIIMUGJJIIGIU UJ Ina! IUUE IIIJIF -'___r;- wI-P " ~m/*'Bf_.. p. to the Rosenberg caee without, however, directly questioning ii-.- if-1 the verdict. " ' T ? I I" J1?0¥3f5TEI5'Ti,[39H1'_,'I-L228! ,1 ":*"?:I ; 92_. ....+.'.-.- .'..._. .1111 _"I¢l¢. F.2"!ll_%J'¢l§?! '_ <§¢_L!.££I e " - I " -2 U ..._.-_Q It nae not until aideaaaer of 1951 that the propa- ganda caapaign an behalf of the Roeenherge began in earneet. - -. _-. _ _ _ _ __ _ .- -- ti -Me.-.~ - Stalinist in its staff writers, management and content. ',_-|--L... _ ._§,_ 1.1 _ '- f * 2 _ this series, Irittenby . .- . Iilliau 1- » ieuben, Fictional ' ' - >'- .1-.' - = ~. - W -A uordian? - . reporter;-began z on August 7 l5, .» l95l_, -_ vita an article . . '. . _ ' - . .. '92 _-1 .~| i s'- _ -- entitled; '10 _1'his the Dreyfus toss of Cold for 1nsrica7"' the opening article set the keynote for the entire series ofcrticles -_ _ . _ -'é' - '.. '_.- 5I.f'§ - as bell as for the intensive Ocaaunist propaganda caapaign which an c - - '"'"~;;. -n ., -_ ¢ 92 , - - - --0 was soon to follow - a caapaign based vainly upon insinna-tisn,_ ' ._..-a artificially erected doubts, confusion and slicer deception- av--1, *- ; " This first article posed a series of suggestive ques- 4* -r tions atteapting to lint the Icsenberg case aith such previous eases as the Dreyfus case, the Bcccs-Ycneetti case, and aith - other irrelevant issues. The article neatlg illustrated a keg k-'-- U ~l-4 technique to be saploged by the Eoaaunists in their future *' » 1 l.." ,-ov- - . 92 I agitation dealing with the Rosenberg Case, ion, to create . '5! , . _ . doubt by any leans possible and then to offer such synthetic B-;*'.=~., *!"1 i?i':1+§-. -.1:-" 1 aoubts as proof sf the Iosenbergs' "complete innocence. This _ -#1,. ., .--a=q- ans dose on suggesting tact there were strong grounds indicating ;_ -; -- '$ ., f? - "Mn .-._*~ ' oiI»92-_-_ '.9. '. 3-. rag; :* L."" that the losenbsrga hers vistias of a "political fraae-up. ~ _ - u-' -.- - '11::Ian'- I Iocerlging this saotescreen of ncneless "suspicions" - . u - - , -~'r! IVi|Ii+* P; and Benito, the lotion! O8arlian'-article unwittingly re- .5 ; ' . . F _ 1 sealed s acjor purpose of the forthcoming propaganda barrage; '75» z-?. "i ~¢.,, __. "-'n""'. . 1- £5 - = H ' aeaely, a strenuous effort to deflect attention free the Cen- ' -"--- - .. v.- aunist l'artg's oan indirect but deep involvement in espionage. lelloaing this opening announceasat the "'Jationol lli rdian" ran c series of I articles bgulevben in successive Q41 ____ ! 5 weekly installments from August 82 to October 3, 1951. In summary, Reuben'a 'ezpcee' condemned the Rosenberg trial and eenvietion as ene.gigantic,frane-up based upon FBI collusion _ bith a ieeljhoonfeesed spy and istoel p:§¢¢»' DavidGreenglase, 3-e Ii5»;=~e.' -f ._ 7'-2* * ' = in which the Roeenoerge were innocent victims of war-tine .;. .,._ hysteria which was being consciously cultivated by the U. 8. 92 dovernnent-" _'} _ _ ~ ' ~ -,l_ -e _ = . E ' In order to joetgfy thie fantastic thesis, Reuben ream ' . ' I r 'eaf?- -Ii" T371 :.__ : _ if, 1;". ed to a variety of distortions, emotional appeals and half-truth £{__'. _. ,-."¢' -1- which were later token over and improved upon by the Communist - ., _ press. - ' ' _ .- »-- . :i:f.-_ -!'Z"'-{B _'.-.:;*_ ..~ I J F- 1;Q$§H_QI 4§TIfSE¥IT{§U .. .fY .h. r~ L i~ l in view of the iRPOTtG C8 which the ommuniet Party I later tried to attach to the anti-Semitic aspects of the case, .'~:_ . .-' '~-- _.' ""' . . . it is worth noting that the National Guardian's initial series ~92-33.4"--1.-'-'i" " - 11" ? V of articles node only one eingle suggestion that anti-Semitisn -3 7- -v="' ;92;a "' _~.-7" - ii was involved in the trial. Even this lone reference was more of '1 p..."5.r; Era ~'r' 4-.15 ._; _, 7'1: -'3 ? an innuendo than a concrete charge. kidney through Reuben : l - _ 6 '.40-e , _ 14,. -=5. J.-1.5' expose he remarked in passing that it Ias singular that in o _. L em; of more than so per 683$ Jewish in population New fort cm e|...* f not a single Jewish Juror had been ohoeen. ' ' ° H . ' 1--.''é -: 1_¬§ @5E*56 a.§5§§?? J3 _ .-. -_ 4- 4 H :1._ e __ e as-Q; L:1cs;avf" {~_,;' ', 4" _ _ ._. "=1 In its issue of October l0,'l95l, one meek after the completion of the Reuben series, the fictional Guardian announce that a ?National Committee to Secure Justice for the Rooenberge' . 75 - was beingfcrned with Killian Reuben ae its provisional chairnan, The aine. cf this 1 ' grcup uere'eaidto be e nation-aide publicity . qf the facts sf the case ae well as the raising of funde for legal appeals on behalf of the Rosenbergei A r - . - '.t'f.;:;:.:a=~z,- - ?-"-1-"§;;!~ " - -_ n January 8, 1952, a preee release was issued announcl "l - a .- _ __ '.-'5.'%;-Y.. the fcraatien cf a ¬Maticna1 Committee to Secure Justice in the $Q§%5 Iv- Rosenberg Case with q ficee at 2é6.Fgfth Avenue, New Ibrk City, ,1!" and with Jbaeph Brainin as chairman» According to thie announce- ment, a group qf "125 American men and women from all over the __ .f_'___'. I "cu '- .-r-;""a..- United States, who represent zany occupations and professions, '25 -*¥ :"" had joined with Brainin in organizing this Committee; however, only 18 persons were actually identified in the press release. This release called attention to the many unexplained contra- .-,¢».;_-e;~;:'~ . ';-1;-A. E *7 ; dictions in the Government's caseand for the first time sericui ; - - » injected the irrelevant ieeue cf anti-Semitic: into the dieoussii 7 ,=_.* N,-- . . - x - ttte" ~ ,4: I. 3'.*" Q"_ _ '1_- f 1- 5 the statement declared, it is eign ficant that none cf the Juror " "_+---16 ~.=; ., 3 -.: ~ 1 nae Jewish, although one-third of Few York's population,where the trial took place, ie cf Jewish background. Uontinuing, the 1 _-, .h~ }'.' __ - . 92 ,_,_,_. . press release alleged that the eevere_sentence against the _.,__;=3 it I .5351 Eoeenberga had 'raised_fearein the leading Jewish presaiiithatu :=_, H the Roaenbergswere victim: cf religious bigctry." - . ~ hortlu thereafter, an article appeared in the January, 1958, issue cf Jewish Life, which has been cited as a part qf the Communist press by the California Committee on Uh-American lctivities! giving the full treatment to the alleged anti-Semitic W» Qi f _ 4 implications of the Rosenberg case. This article was captioned, {Anti-Semitism and the Rosenbergs' and was written by Louie arap Vewieh Life editor/I _ ¢:-.- -.- ': .-...- _ - Ynnenihnrl : Y I P TTX Ill'1 - -re-- EFi§i5 92~ .:' HE air-go ,'_ ,-_a-.,v_,=.__ . ??&e¥J - _. 1. .-l. -__,.,.,,-... . HIM- -- "5 §'§T:/1 i _ . . r. I '1,P 92- _,-_-i.--J" : .23., -- N». 1 _; _' ..~_ '_." j-;, ' -4% - . .-...3 '3. =.-.: :;',=?= ' 5 5%?-3 11; .. no accident"and a highly suspicions aspect of the Government's approach to the case. Ehe fact that both the trial judge. Judge Iaufhan! and the United States Attorney who tried the oase Irving Shypol! were Jewish, jar jron discouraging Harap, was o -p--.-"-4-._ -- I ' *'. 4171 * ?5 :?:Y' q ficiul organ, the "Daily Forker.' Ihe Communist Forty mouth- piece declared, Yfnefeosenberg case is u ghastly_po1itica1 frame-u -Qé l A '. P . '. I . . --- r '- -I . .' ' .- 1 " , ¥# #? It was arranged to rovide blood_uictime to the witckenuntere, to epen the door to new violence, bnti-Senitieu, end court lynohings t n i of pence ddvoooteo and Hbrziets'ae_fspiee.ne -ls. ,'?Y - '- P"'lsP*9_1g 'Two weeks later the Conmunietgfront Civil ights ' " Gengress iesued a press release calling for notion-wide support c ; ." ; ._- $1;-n".,~, e -~ .1 ;§ the Rosenbsrgs. The anti-Semitic aspects of this case were now - 1 . ready for,full-scale exploitation as evidenced inA¢ statement . . a . - '." .- _ -4- _ s -of' issued by William L. Patterson, Executive Secretory qf thee .'*1 - - - ' I , :5- Y-313". _ - -w 4 a Civil Rights Gongress. Fbtterson said '...the Rosenberg frame-up is a new high in the growing anti-Semitism. The lynching of these two innocent American Jews, unless stopped by the American people, will serve as'a signal for u wave of -- , - -1 _..-;' 1' 92 .,_-9? -1'1, e _»" . Hitler-like genocidal attacks against the Jewish people . _d_ ; ' 41- -~- - ,_ _!>_s.- e. _. 3' throughout the United States... lie larder of the Bosenberge 3?; - . . .>-. 7' ".l» 'l .".- _ _ ,. j._- pi -. ~..|,.., .55? "|92.. ' - - .--'-r - -h -_- __'. ___-,- ~' - -1,----, ------»~_ ~ -~ _ W ti *- - -r t -- - -P-- -.- - ------~- --..-.<_.- eee __ __ er It _ . " ""*."*" "" . "A" ~ - - -- -- - ~ -- --it ere-__.__.... ___? _____ in t 1 other public qfficiale were eupplenented by an inteneive cGIpdign' to eend thoneande of letter: Ind -aeleorolv ta. the Prceidvni I '* , .4-Jr" _ - f"'I-_< : . urgine clemency, the dissemination of hundreds of thoueande [:%.;-;=';':j ~ 1* - < ' of pamphlets, circular letters, financial appeals ae well ae '1 , _4 '_>- .;;= "_92 the collection of thoueande of eignaturee on clemency petitione. - -.' :-I ; '. The campaign extended into eane 40 foreign countries. Sup- "H. , _;_ portere of the Rceenberge in France rent so far ae to declare .-,_ . o National Rosenberg Lay and on June 16, 1953, it was reported that the Gouernaent of inland had q fered political aey1un' 92* E . to the Roaenberge in the event they were freed. *_ 5 ' n b .. ,£1L§l_!2, L6LI $513 H01 !-SL 4.vp,lA.P."Ee1,L§ i In addition to such dramatic promotions, the NCSURO. ." . -3".-1-vie had solicited thousands of eignaturee for clemency petitions and .3 , ' appeals of one kind or another. The total number of perecne sign- -'5' .. ing such petitione ie not known; however, it hae reportedly been FM e ae high ae 48,000 per week at the height of the campaign. Hang of theee ppeole have undoubtedly been made in .'¢ ' v good faith; however, the HCSJRO and the Communist preeo have . ! reported then with little regard for honeety. - It is quite evident that the clenency drive woe from '1 ' - .. "the beginning a highly artificial aJyair which nae carefully . promoted rather than a epontaneoue polio reaction ae the - 1? .;-Z ._._._ ' -- -- - - ,- --- _ - .4.-92 . . - , Al- _ § E Ccnnuniet preee ecught to ehcw. Thie was indicated from the mere '-4; fact that the Daily Icrker' was able to print the nanee and Q-an-it I -Wee ______ _ __ _v______92 ______._. ._. | 4., .P ' ' 92 92 F _ 92 ..--1y ______,_ " W ' 'l ' - »' -- - A U __ ._.1 _,__--1 ___ -_ A A ______,. - La.-> -- -- - ' '* ' ' *'* _._...._ . .. ._ ____-_ -- I V r W 7_ W _ ___ __i___l __ ___ f_, A ______.__ V _ _ F -1 r addressee cf hundreds of clergynen and intellectuals who had written to the President asking yer clemency. Unless the IGSUBO - E3??? or the Oolnuniat Party had solicited ' such letters themselves, the %@e~< llprjy press would have no may qr knowing who had written to the Q 5 rhite House _ except in a fem isolated instanceei At a number of -r 92-e rallies sponsored by the HGSJRC, individuals in attendance eere ~e handed telegrams, post cards or letters which were already J completely filled out and addressed to the President and which lacked only a signature, In addition it has also been reported' égiga v ' - _- that representatives of the HGSJRO conducted intensive houee-to- _ house canvaeses, particularly in the Jewish and Hegro neighborhoods,;j f* >4 ._,._. in an qgfort to obtain signatures fcrclenency petitions. b '' Apart from such synthetic methods oj'recraiting clemency iuL~§ advocates, the HCSJRG was not above resorting to plain mierepreeentw tion. According to an article appearing in the Seattle 'Poet _ l.i5; éi 92' _ Intel1igencer' on January 7} l958; a number of Seattle clergyman _- iny ianner. The iinietere were 4- I-_.92-_. 9 -ll FUUFQ asked over the telephone ahether or not they favored capital punishment. L! they replied in the negative, as nany of then did, §M . they were then asked if they - 39 were - not therefore opposed to the - E??? llettrocution qf_the Rolenberyei Irrespective of their anenere, - 'rh.=-I- their nanee were entered on the list qf thoee opposing the Ra|¢n- eéf ta . _ ' " 1 ' ------I ,_ mam . . ___;___ . 1 V *_ . - - ~'~ ;_____ - » -.-~1allelenaWllW______=a£al_l__m ..H ____| e . _ . . ___ the cleeenoy drive. An advertisement placed in the Iashington , Evening Star on January 5, 1958, by the mnergency coaeittee of 91$-'1 __.._.....-. the Arte and Professions to Secure Clemency for the 8oeenbergs,'~._- '* A - V.-.. -.. one of hang satellites of the ucsuno; quoted Rabbi Silver as 1; .:q-s r Ila n. fir».-: follows: "...I believe that the death sentence which has been in- .1. ;.;g._ . posed is unprecedented in the legal annals of our country...I believe that our country is strong and great-hearted enough to be merciful... ' F lhe full text of Rabbi Silver's solicited statement, which incidentally was in the fore qf a reply to a letter,froI Enanusl H. Bloch, the Rosenbergs' defense attorney, received no publicity. It included ouch additional remarks as the followings 11 b---" I have accepted the verdict of the courts in their conviction Y _ t - of the Rosenbergs...The crine cf which they have been found _,'i. F -. guilty is a heinous one and l'found no sympathy in my heart for Ru-; non and women who betray their country. I was especially resentful of the q fort that was node to drag in the issue of anti- ii? Senitisn in this most unfortunate affair... 3.11.. > Probably the mast flagrant instance of distortion, p1 however,.occurred in connection with a statenent issued by Pope Pius III in Decsnber, 1952. The Communist press made it appear _ _..q..I ' that the Pope had directly and personally interoeded and asked for clemency on behalf af the Rossnbergs. Moreover, when it ¬ developed that the Pbps's stateaent had not been immediately nads :. public, the Rosenberg supporters hurled heated charges of suppression, gagging, etc., by the Bbpartlent of Justice, which had received the Pope's communication. : 81 - ~ D The actuai facts were for different. Pope Pius III . ,._ ,-qua... »~_. -I " L gq¢¢_n¢ personal appea1_{br clemency chatsoever, but merely * , . ,,;,._,.. . . 3|;-_ notified the_Departaent .' of s Justice __ - in-routine . __ fashion . through 5' ~ rh z. ., 1... . - . -catholic ofyicials in Iashington, D. 0., of the Jhct that he had 4.3» .-. .r ' . W ' - 92 . ' ' .4 ..6 _'~ : 5 ' . -_ -:, --1._ |r,_ _ . -received a number of appeals asking his to request clemency for . ." .,_ .. _ _ . L -1' _..- the Rosenbsrgs. According to a statement_1ater issued by the 92...,b.. __ 1% !- Apostolic Delegation in Washington; the Pbpe had nude no attempt to judge the_nerits qf the case but had nerely informed the Department of Justice qf the fact that the Vatican had received - 4' 6.? - pk-."1u'_?',__'-' - *1 '" appeals on behalf of the Rosenbergs. This information was con- '._, ' .-he->,' firmed by former Attorney General Icdranery in an intervieu - reported by the i ew fork Times on FebFuary 15, 1953, _ Despite these statements, the Communists and NCSJRC » »='1'=--* propaganda continued to use the Pope's name and to suggest that - .1; ." '- *.~ . - the Iatioan had intervened in support of the clemency drive. V,»-_-*-: ., _':-;¢5:"_a., _ L: H, I -. " Pro-Rosenberg propagandists, fully aware of the nature *" .. 1*" :3-'"-'-H»; =1 -92- ~. __ - 1: ._ , -- .r"- e: [email protected]...,.,* aversion which many people feel toward capital punishment, were -. --1:1, 5. - "' not above playing upon this sentiment with morbid references to '1'. _;-L .-- _=q_-2-92-92--W __ .».,; '- ts;-1":-F; :3 the Rosenbergs' charred bodies, seared flesh, etc., in the o - r, ; :.~ -"3"; 51': -event the death sentence should be carried eut. The Daily Serb .137 . I -J.--.4-.' characterised the sentence as- savage, vindictive, sadistic, . - u ;-' etc. It spoke of the brutal accents qf Iresident Eisenhower's . I , _ __. . .-_ = , , ' _,... -. ' denial of clemency and described Department of Justice briefs in support of the sentence as cold-blooded documents. Altogethen the impression was conveyed that the Government had been motiuat ~82- ~ ,1 . F; L