Evidence of Double-Clutching by Brandt's Cormorants on Alcatraz
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Dive Depth and Plumage Air in Wettable Birds: the Extraordinary Case of the Imperial Cormorant
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Vol. 334: 299–310, 2007 Published March 26 Mar Ecol Prog Ser Dive depth and plumage air in wettable birds: the extraordinary case of the imperial cormorant Flavio Quintana1,*, Rory P. Wilson2, Pablo Yorio1 1Centro Nacional Patagónico, CONICET (9120) Puerto Madryn, Chubut and Wildlife Conservation Society, 2300 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, New York 10460, USA 2Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental Sustainability, University of Wales, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK ABSTRACT: Cormorants are considered to be remarkably efficient divers and hunters. In part, this is due to their wettable plumage with little associated air, which allows them to dive with fewer ener- getic costs associated with buoyancy from air in the feathers. The literature attributes particularly exceptional diving capabilities to cormorants of the ‘blue-eyed’ taxon. We studied the diving be- haviour of 14 male imperial cormorants Phalacrocorax atriceps (included in the blue-eyed taxon) in Patagonia, Argentina, and found that this species did indeed dive deeper, and for longer, than most other non-blue-eyed cormorant species. This species also exhibited longer dive durations for any depth as well as longer recovery periods at the surface for particular dive durations. We propose that this, coupled with atypically long foraging durations at sea in cold water, suggests that cormorants of the blue-eyed complex have a plumage with a substantial layer of insulating air. This is given cre- dence by a simple model. High volumes of plumage air lead to unusually high power requirements during foraging in shallow, warmer waters, which are conditions that tend to favour wettable plumage. -
Rearing Northern Gannets Sula Bassana: a Case Studv in Shetland
MARINE ECOLOGY PROGRESS SERIES Published August 20 Mar Ecol Prog Ser 1 At-sea-activity and foraging efficiency in chick- rearing northern gannets Sula bassana: a case studv in Shetland Stefan Garthell*,David Gremilletl.**, Robert W. ~urness~ 'Institut für Meereskunde, Abteilung Meereszoologie, Düsternbrooker Weg 20. D-24105 Kiel. Germany 20rnithology Group, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 800,United Kingdom ABSTRACT Chick-reanng northern gannets Sula bassana from Hermaness, Shetland (UK), were equipped with both stomach temperature loggers and external temperature loggers (attached to the leg). Detrirnental device effects on the birds could not be detected. Three complete data Sets covenng several foraging tnps by 3 birds showed that the logger-equipped birds spent 39 to 49% of their time in the colony. 22 to 30% flying and 22 to 34 % swimming. Foraging trips lasted between 2 h 45 min and 27 h 08 min. with a mean length of 13 h. Maximum foraging range was estimated to be 128 km. Dives lasted between 1 s and 7.5 s, with a mean of 4.4 s. Median food quantity swallowed per feeding event was 101 g (n = 32), with 745 g being the maximum. No foraging activity occurred at night. Catch per unit effort was assessed to range between 0.9 and 2.8 g fish min-' flying and between 0.5 and 1.3 g fish rnin-' at sea. Foraging efficiency vaned between 0.6 (negative energy budget) and 1.5 (positive energy budget). More data on foraging efficiency, preferably from different colonies and different years, could show how efficiently this top predator utilises food resources. -
The Foraging Behaviour of Seabirds: Defining and Predicting Home Range Areas
The foraging behaviour of seabirds: defining and predicting home range areas Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy Louise Mary Soanes August 2013 Abstract In recent years, seabird tracking studies have become ever more popular as a means of informing and evaluating the effectiveness of marine protected areas and offshore energy developments as well as in understanding the ecology and behaviour of seabirds. This study uses tracking data collected from the European shag, Black- legged kittiwake, Northern gannet and Brown booby to identify important foraging areas around four seabird colonies located in the UK, Channel Islands and Anguilla and examines the impact of offshore renewable energy developments in the Channel Islands. As well as providing examples of how seabird tracking data can be useful in informing marine spatial planning, this study also considers the impact that sample size and the sample composition may have on the foraging areas predicted for any colony. Small sample sizes are a common feature of tracking studies, often due to logistical and financial constraints, meaning that seabirds are often tracked over short spatial and temporal scales which may not fully represent the important foraging areas and behaviours of the colony or individual. This study therefore provides recommendations to improve the predictions of area use and foraging strategy for future tracking studies to ensure the most representative and useful data is collected -
Review of Evidence for Identified Seabird Aggregations
JNCC Report No: 537 Review of evidence for identified seabird aggregations Aonghais S.C.P. Cook, David A. Still, Elizabeth M. Humphreys, Lucy J. Wright June 2015 © JNCC, Peterborough 2015 ISSN 0963 8901 Please note: due to the age of this document, some of the links contained within the text may no longer function. For further information please contact: Joint Nature Conservation Committee Monkstone House City Road Peterborough PE1 1JY www.jncc.defra.gov.uk This report should be cited as: Cook, Aonghais S.C.P., Still, David A., Humphreys, Elizabeth M. & Wright, Lucy J. 2015. Review of evidence for identified seabird aggregations. JNCC Report No 537. JNCC, Peterborough. Summary As part of the process of identifying potential Marine Protected Areas, Kober et al (2010, 2012) undertook a detailed analysis of seabird data collected during surveys within the British Fishery Limit and stored within the European Seabirds At Sea (ESAS) database. These analyses identified 42 key seabird aggregations around the coast of the UK. The aim of this report is to review some of the important areas identified in light of other independent information, in order to give the most robust and complete evidence-base possible (given current knowledge) on which to base any future decisions about these areas. We consider a subset of 25 of the 42 aggregations identified by Kober et al (2010, 2012), which cover both breeding and wintering aggregations as well as two multi-species assemblages. The 25 areas are a shortlist of areas considered by the Statutory Nature Conservation Bodies for designation as marine SPAs for seabirds (note: this list might not contain all areas under consideration, nor will all of these areas necessarily become SPAs in the future). -
A Report on the Guano-Producing Birds of Peru [“Informe Sobre Aves Guaneras”]
PACIFIC COOPERATIVE STUDIES UNIT UNIVERSITY OF HAWAI`I AT MĀNOA Dr. David C. Duffy, Unit Leader Department of Botany 3190 Maile Way, St. John #408 Honolulu, Hawai’i 96822 Technical Report 197 A report on the guano-producing birds of Peru [“Informe sobre Aves Guaneras”] July 2018* *Original manuscript completed1942 William Vogt1 with translation and notes by David Cameron Duffy2 1 Deceased Associate Director of the Division of Science and Education of the Office of the Coordinator in Inter-American Affairs. 2 Director, Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA PCSU is a cooperative program between the University of Hawai`i and U.S. National Park Service, Cooperative Ecological Studies Unit. Organization Contact Information: Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit, Department of Botany, University of Hawai‘i at Manoa 3190 Maile Way, St. John 408, Honolulu, Hawai‘i 96822, USA Recommended Citation: Vogt, W. with translation and notes by D.C. Duffy. 2018. A report on the guano-producing birds of Peru. Pacific Cooperative Studies Unit Technical Report 197. University of Hawai‘i at Mānoa, Department of Botany. Honolulu, HI. 198 pages. Key words: El Niño, Peruvian Anchoveta (Engraulis ringens), Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii), Peruvian Booby (Sula variegate), Peruvian Pelican (Pelecanus thagus), upwelling, bird ecology behavior nesting and breeding Place key words: Peru Translated from the surviving Spanish text: Vogt, W. 1942. Informe elevado a la Compañia Administradora del Guano par el ornitólogo americano, Señor William Vogt, a la terminación del contracto de tres años que con autorización del Supremo Gobierno celebrara con la Compañia, con el fin de que llevara a cabo estudios relativos a la mejor forma de protección de las aves guaneras y aumento de la produción de las aves guaneras. -
Observations on Growth of Blue-Footed Boobies And
Made in United States of America Reprinted from JOURNAL OF FIELD ORNITHOLOGY Vol. 52, No. 4, Autumn 1981 Observations on Growth of Blue-footed Boobies and Development of Temperature Regulation in Peruvian Guano Birds.-Growth rates of seabirds have been related to the availability of food such that pelagic species usually grow more slowly than coastal species (Lack 1968, Harris 1977, Nelson 1977). Differences in growth rates between populations of the same species have been correlated with distance to food supplies or productivity of the surrounding ocean (Nelson 1978), but more comparative data are needed to fully describe these relationships. In this paper, we report upon the growth of the Blue-footed Booby (Sula nebouxii), and the development of temperature regulation in the Peruvian Booby (Sula variegata), Guanay Cormorant (Phalacrocorax bougainvillii), and Brown Pelican (Pelecanus occidentalis) on two guano islands in the Peruvian coastal current, formerly one of the richest fisheries in the world. Study sites and methods.-Duffy visited Lobos de Tierra Island between 24 and 27 February 1979, and Macabi Island between 18 and 21 February 1979. Chicks were weighed with Pesola spring balances and the wing chord, tarsus, and exposed culmen were measured at the beginning and end of a 3-day interval on each island. Growth increments were used to construct composite growth curves according to the method of Ricklefs and White (1975). In addition, proventricular temperatures of chicks isolated from the nest at prevailing ambient temperatures (23-28°C) were measured with a therm istor thermometer (YSI) at 10-min intervals over a period of 30 min. -
Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Enabling Actions Report: Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment Framework
Pentland Firth and Orkney Waters Enabling Actions Report Ornithological Cumulative Impact Assessment Framework Conservation Management Plan 0 © Crown Copyright 2013 Published by The Crown Estate. This report is available on The Crown Estate website at: www.thecrownestate.co.uk Dissemination Statement This publication (excluding the logos) may be re-used free of charge in any format or medium. It may only be re-used accurately and not in a misleading context. The material must be acknowledged as The Crown Estate copyright and use of it must give the title of the source publication. Where third party copyright material has been identified, further use of that material requires permission from the copyright holders concerned. Disclaimer The opinions expressed in this report are entirely those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the view of The Crown Estate, and The Crown Estate is not liable for the accuracy of the information provided or responsible for any use of the content. ORNITHOLOGICAL CUMULATIVE IMPACT ASSESSMENT FRAMEWORK PENTLAND FIRTH AND ORKNEY WATERS WAVE & TIDAL PROJECTS This report has been published by The Crown Estate as part of our enabling work to support development of the Pentland Firth and Orkney waters wave and tidal projects. This work aims to accelerate and de-risk the development process, looking at a range of key issues. Work is selected, commissioned and steered by The Crown Estate in close discussion with the project developers. For more information on The Crown Estate’s work in wave and tidal energy, see www.thecrownestate.co.uk/energy/wave-and-tidal/ or contact [email protected]. -
Foraging Behaviour of the European Shag During Early Chick-Rearing Period; Do They Follow the Marginal Value Theorem?
Foraging behaviour of the European shag during early chick-rearing period; do they follow the marginal value theorem? Sandra De Rijcke Natural Resources Management Submission date: December 2015 Supervisor: Thor Harald Ringsby, IBI Co-supervisor: Svein-Håkon Lorentsen, NINA Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Biology Summary 1. Optimal allocation of food is essential during the breeding season, when animals have to provide food for themselves and their chicks. As central place foragers, seabirds forage away from the nest and have to balance their travelling and foraging times and their food intake so that their energy gain is optimized in order to sustain for themselves and their offspring. The marginal value theorem (MVT) predicts an optimal residence time in a foraging patch in response to the rate of energy intake and travelling time to the patch. 2. The breeding performance of seabirds is closely related to the availability of food and their individual foraging performance. Thus, it is important to understand their foraging strategies in order to manage populations successfully. 3. In this study, GPS loggers (Global Positioning System) and TDR’s (Time Depth Recorders) were used simultaneously to collect data on foraging behaviour of European shags Phalacrocorax aristotelis during the early chick rearing period at Sklinna, central Norway. Individual variation in foraging behaviour was investigated in accordance with the predictions of the MVT. 4. The results showed that shags foraged in a patchy habitat and that the distance to the colony was an important predictor of the time spent in the foraging patch, time spent diving and time spent resting. -
Status and Diet of the European Shag (Mediterranean Subspecies) Phalacrocorax Aristotelis Desmarestii in the Libyan Sea (South Crete) During the Breeding Season
Xirouchakis et alContributed.: European ShagPapers in the Libyan Sea 1 STATUS AND DIET OF THE EUROPEAN SHAG (MEDITERRANEAN SUBSPECIES) PHALACROCORAX ARISTOTELIS DESMARESTII IN THE LIBYAN SEA (SOUTH CRETE) DURING THE BREEDING SEASON STAVROS M. XIROUCHAKIS1, PANAGIOTIS KASAPIDIS2, ARIS CHRISTIDIS3, GIORGOS ANDREOU1, IOANNIS KONTOGEORGOS4 & PETROS LYMBERAKIS1 1Natural History Museum of Crete, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece ([email protected]) 2Institute of Marine Biology, Biotechnology & Aquaculture, Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR), P.O. Box 2214, Heraklion 71003, Crete, Greece 3Fisheries Research Institute, Hellenic Agricultural Organization DEMETER, Nea Peramos, Kavala 64007, Macedonia, Greece 4Department of Biology, University of Crete, P.O. Box 2208, Heraklion 71409, Crete, Greece Received 21 June 2016, accepted 21 September 2016 ABSTRACT XIROUCHAKIS, S.M., KASAPIDIS, P., CHRISTIDIS, A., ANDREOU, G., KONTOGEORGOS, I. & LYMBERAKIS, P. 2017. Status and diet of the European Shag (Mediterranean subspecies) Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii in the Libyan Sea (south Crete) during the breeding season. Marine Ornithology 45: 1–9. During 2010–2012 we collected data on the population status and ecology of the European Shag (Mediterranean subspecies) Phalacrocorax aristotelis desmarestii on Gavdos Island (south Crete), conducting boat-based surveys, nest monitoring, and diet analysis. The species’ population was estimated at 80–110 pairs, with 59% breeding success and 1.6 fledglings per successful nest. Pellet morphological and genetic analysis of otoliths and fish bones, respectively, showed that the shags’ diet consisted of 31 species. A total of 4 223 otoliths were identified to species level; 47.2% belonged to sand smelts Atherina boyeri, 14.2% to bogues Boops boops, 11.3% to picarels Spicara smaris, and 10.5% to damselfishes Chromis chromis. -
PERU: Manu and Machu Picchu Aug-Sept
Tropical Birding Trip Report PERU: Manu and Machu Picchu Aug-Sept. 2015 A Tropical Birding SET DEPARTURE tour PERU: MANU and MACHU PICCHU th th 29 August – 16 September 2015 Tour Leader: Jose Illanes Andean Cock-of-the-rock near Cock-of-the-rock Lodge! Species highlighted in RED are the ones illustrated with photos in this report. INTRODUCTION Not everyone is fortunate enough to visit Peru; a marvelous country that boasts a huge country bird list, which is second only to Colombia. Unlike our usual set departure, we started out with a daylong extension to Lomas de Lachay first, before starting out on the usual itinerary for the main tour. On this extra day we managed to 1 www.tropicalbirding.com +1-409-515-0514 [email protected] Page Tropical Birding Trip Report PERU: Manu and Machu Picchu Aug-Sept. 2015 find many extra birds like Peruvian Thick-knee, Least Seedsnipe, Peruvian Sheartail, Raimondi’s Yellow- Finch and the localized Cactus Canastero. The first site of the main tour was Huacarpay Lake, near the beautiful Andean city of Cusco (accessed after a short flight from Lima). This gave us a few endemic species like Bearded Mountaineer and Rusty-fronted Canastero; along with other less local species like Many-colored Rush-tyrant, Plumbeous Rail, Puna Teal, Andean Negrito and Puna Ibis. The following day we birded along the road towards Manu where we picked up birds like Peruvian Sierra-Finch, Chestnut-breasted Mountain-Finch, Spot-winged Pigeon, and a beautiful Peruvian endemic in the form of Creamy-crested Spinetail. We also saw Yungas Pygmy-Owl, Black-faced Ibis, Hooded and Scarlet-bellied Mountain- Tanagers, Red-crested Cotinga and the gorgeous Grass-green Tanager. -
Andeng Notes
.ANDENG NOTES ISSUED BY THE FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE, UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR THE INFORMATION OF BIRD-BANDING COOPERATORS vol. 5, No. 1 December 1964 By: Willet T. Van Velzen, Biologist Bird Banding Laboratory Migratory Bird Populations Station Laurel, Maryland TABT,F, OF CONTENTS A Tribute to Allen J. Duvall . 1 The Banding Program 1 Permit Renewal 2 Mist Net Permits 2 Applications for New Permits 3 1964 Banding Schedules 3 The Using and Reporting of Bands • • 3 "Mystery Bands" 4 The Use of Bird Banding Notes 4 Season's Greet,i_ngs 4 Tabulations of Bandings Reported Each Year 1950 to 1953 INIEULLIARIMEREN 3 AM A TRIBUTE TO ALLEN J. DUVALL The Bird Banding Laboratory Staff wishes to take this opportunity to formally express our thanks and appreciation to Mr. Duvall for the leadership he has given to the laboratory for the past ten years. During his tenure in office he has guided us through some of the most difficult crises the program has ever experienced. Adapting a workable system to a rapidly expanding program has been a difficult and an absorbing problem for many years. In addition, the destructive fire of 1959 added untold burdens to every phase of the operation and still plagues us in many ways today. As Mr. Duvall assumes his position with the Pesticides Review Board, we send with him our most sincere thanks and best wishes for the coming years.* THE BANDING PROGRAM Tremendous changes have occurred in the banding program since the last issue of Bird Banding Notes was published. -
Threats to Seabirds: a Global Assessment 2 3 4 Authors: Maria P
1 Threats to seabirds: a global assessment 2 3 4 Authors: Maria P. Dias1*, Rob Martin1, Elizabeth J. Pearmain1, Ian J. Burfield1, Cleo Small2, Richard A. 5 Phillips3, Oliver Yates4, Ben Lascelles1, Pablo Garcia Borboroglu5, John P. Croxall1 6 7 8 Affiliations: 9 1 - BirdLife International. The David Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK 10 2 - BirdLife International Marine Programme, RSPB, The Lodge, Sandy, SG19 2DL 11 3 – British Antarctic Survey. Natural Environment Research Council, High Cross, Madingley Road, 12 Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK 13 4 – Centre for the Environment, Fishery and Aquaculture Science, Pakefield Road, Lowestoft, NR33, UK 14 5 - Global Penguin Society, University of Washington and CONICET Argentina. Puerto Madryn U9120, 15 Chubut, Argentina 16 * Corresponding author: Maria Dias, [email protected]. BirdLife International. The David 17 Attenborough Building, Pembroke Street Cambridge CB2 3QZ UK. Phone: +44 (0)1223 747540 18 19 20 Acknowledgements 21 We are very grateful to Bartek Arendarczyk, Sophie Bennett, Ricky Hibble, Eleanor Miller and Amy 22 Palmer-Newton for assisting with the bibliographic review. We thank Rachael Alderman, Pep Arcos, 23 Jonathon Barrington, Igor Debski, Peter Hodum, Gustavo Jimenez, Jeff Mangel, Ken Morgan, Paul Sagar, 24 Peter Ryan, and other members of the ACAP PaCSWG, and the members of IUCN SSC Penguin Specialist 25 Group (Alejandro Simeone, Andre Chiaradia, Barbara Wienecke, Charles-André Bost, Lauren Waller, Phil 26 Trathan, Philip Seddon, Susie Ellis, Tom Schneider and Dee Boersma) for reviewing threats to selected 27 species. We thank also Andy Symes, Rocio Moreno, Stuart Butchart, Paul Donald, Rory Crawford, 28 Tammy Davies, Ana Carneiro and Tris Allinson for fruitful discussions and helpful comments on earlier 29 versions of the manuscript.