DOCSLIB.ORG

Structural Controls on the Evolution of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Structural Controls on the Evolution of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan PERGAMON Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17 (1999) 137±156 Structural controls on the evolution of the Kutai Basin, East Kalimantan I.R. Cloke a, c, S.J. Moss a, d, J. Craig b aUniversity of London SE Asia Research Group, Department of Geology, Royal Holloway, Egham Hill, Egham, Surrey, TW20 0EX, U.K. bLASMO PLC, 101 Bishopsgate, London, U.K. cMobil North Sea Limited, Mobil Court, 3 Clements Inn, London, WC2A 2EB, E-mail:[email protected] dRobertson Research Australia Pty Ltd, 69 Outram Street, West Perth, WA 6005, Australia Received 10 January 1998; accepted 27 June 1998 Abstract The Kutai Basin formed in the middle Eocene as a result of extension linked to the opening of the Makassar Straits and Philippine Sea. Seismic pro®les across the northern margin of the Kutai Basin show inverted middle Eocene half-graben oriented NNE±SSW and N±S. Field observations, geophysical data and computer modelling elucidate the evolution of one such inversion fold. NW±SE and NE±SW trending fractures and vein sets in the Cretaceous basement have been reactivated during the Tertiary. Oset of middle Eocene carbonate horizons and rapid syn-tectonic thickening of Upper Oligocene sediments on seismic sections indicate Late Oligocene extension on NW±SE trending en-echelon extensional faults. Early middle Miocene (N7±N8) inversion was concentrated on east-facing half-graben and asymmetric inversion anticlines are found on both northern and southern margins of the basin. Slicken-®bre measurements indicate a shortening direction oriented 2908±3108.NE±SW faults were reactivated with a dominantly dextral transpressional sense of displacement. Faults oriented NW±SE were reactivated with both sinistral and dextral senses of movement, leading to the oset of fold axes above basement faults. The presence of dominantly WNW vergent thrusts indicates likely compression from the ESE. Initial extension during the middle Eocene was accommodated on NNE±SSW, N±S and NE±SW trending faults. Renewed extension on NW±SE trending faults during the late Oligocene occurred under a dierent kinematic regime, indicating a rotation of the extension direction by between 458 and 908. Miocene collisions with the margins of northern and eastern Sundaland triggered the punctuated inversion of the basin. Inversion was concentrated in the weak continental crust underlying both the Kutai Basin and various Tertiary basins in Sulawesi whereas the stronger oceanic crust, or attenuated continental crust, underlying the Makassar Straits, acted as a passive conduit for compressional stresses. # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. Keywords: Kutai Basin; Oblique extension; Inversion; Reactivation 1. Introduction The Mahakam Delta and the eastern side of the Kutai Basin have been most frequently targeted for The 60,000 km2 Kutai Basin of East Kalimantan hydrocarbon exploration. Production began at the (Figs. 1±3) is the largest and the deepest (15 km) basin Sanga-Sanga ®eld in 1898 (Fig. 1) and the currently in Indonesia (Rose and Hartono, 1978). In the proven in-place resources in the Kutai Basin are 15.81 Samarinda region the Neogene section alone reaches a billion of barrels of oil equivalent with potential for thickness of up to 9 km. Tertiary sedimentation in the greater than 0.74 billion of barrels of oil equivalent basin has been fairly continuous since its inception in resources in the Palaeocene (Courteney, 1995) (Fig. 2 the middle Eocene, although the axis of deposition has and 3). To date, exploration has mainly focused on the moved eastwards with time and is now focused at the Neogene sediments, but the recognition of working mouth of the Mahakam Delta. petroleum systems within the Paleogene succession has 1367-9120/99 $ - see front matter # 1999 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved. PII: S0743-9547(98)00036-1 138 I.R. Cloke et al. / Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17 (1999) 137±156 Fig. 1. Geological Map of the Kutai Basin and surrounding margins, showing diering basement geology and structures. Location shown inset (Modi®ed from Moss et al., 1997). I.R. Cloke et al. / Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17 (1999) 137±156 139 Fig. 2. Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) image of part of the northern margin of the Kutai Basin showing basement structures and inversion structures within Tertiary cover. Interpretation shown below; for location see Fig. 1. 140 I.R. Cloke et al. / Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17 (1999) 137±156 Fig. 3. En-echelon vein sets overprinting a crenulation cleavage, demonstrating two phases of tectonism in basement: (a) Interpretation of ®eld outcrop, demonstrating orient orientation of shear couple and conjugate nature; (b) Photograph showing orientation of veinsets, pencil shown centre right points north and is 10 cm in length. Also shows location of Fig. 3a; (c) Equal area stereonet projection summarises structural obser- vations, key is shown right. I.R. Cloke et al. / Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 17 (1999) 137±156 141 resulted in a renewed interest in the onshore section of ment of ``Sundaland'' (the Schwaner Mountains) the Kutai Basin (Fig. 2). (Moss, 1998). The continental basement consists of This paper analyses the Paleogene and Neogene metamorphic, sedimentary, and granitic to gabbroic evolution of the Kutai Basin using a combination of rocks of Permo-Carboniferous to Cretaceous age (van geophysical and ®eld data to document the structural Bemmelen, 1949; van de Weerd et al., 1987; Pieters et controls on the evolution of the basin and the conse- al., 1987). Oceanic rocks range from chert and associ- quent implications for the regional stress regime. ated basinal sediments of Cretaceous to middle Eocene Synthetic Aperture Radar data were used to interpret age (Pieters et al., 1987) to deformed basalts and tecto- the basement fabric orientations and to interpret the nized harzburgites representing a range of diering en- structures identi®ed in middle Eocene and younger vironments of formation (ocean ¯oor to remnant basin-®ll. Interpretations were then extended to the ocean basin). Possible ophiolites have been identi®ed sub-surface using gravity and seismic data. Isochron throughout Kalimantan (e.g. van de Weerd and maps generated from the interpretation of regional Armin, 1992), but outcrop studies show these are typi- seismic lines recorded across the northern margin of cally highly deformed and none contain a full ophioli- the Kutai Basin were used to demonstrate spatial tic sequence. changes in the location of middle Eocene and late Brittle-ductile shear zones are common on the north- Oligocene depocentres. Section reconstructions of geo- ern margin, with dominant orientations NW±SE and seismic lines were used to demonstrate the middle NE±SW. Many shear zones show several phases of Eocene basin geometries. Field data gathered from movement evidenced by overprinting of quartz veins, both basement and Tertiary rocks is used to re®ne in- and reactivation and breaching of shear bands. The terpretations made from the geophysical data. The axes of chevron folded cherts are oriented NE±SW. ®nal part of this paper integrates the basin history into NW±SE aligned lineaments have previously been the regional plate framework and discusses impli- identi®ed throughout Borneo, using remote sensing cations for the evolution of the eastern margin of data, and have been used as evidence for a through- Sundaland. going Trans-Kalimantan shear zone, connected to any one of a number of major strike±slip faults (Wood, 1985; Hutchinson, 1989; Daly et al., 1991; Tate, 1992). 2. Basement geology and structure The connection of these structures to other regional features and extension of Asian crustal blocks have Tertiary rocks of the Kutai Basin rest with angular been disputed more recently by Cloke et al. (1997) and unconformity upon a basement of Mesozoic and older Moss et al. (1997) who have shown that NW±SE linea- strata. The Basement of Kalimantan is classi®ed as ments are in fact an inherited basement fabric and not any strata older than the middle Eocene, and makes simply the result of Tertiary ``extrusion tectonics'' as up predominantly the highlands of interior envisaged by Tapponnier et al. (1982) and Daines Kalimantan with a few isolated inliers (Fig. 1). Apart (1985). from the regional geological reviews by Van Bemmelen The southern margin of the basin consists of the (1949), Cartier and Yeats (1973), Hutchinson (1989) NNE±SSW oriented Meratus Ophiolite Complex and more lately by Moss et al. (1997), the greater part (Sikumbang, 1990), which has also previously been of detailed work has been focused on small isolated classi®ed as melange (Hamilton, 1979; Hutchinson, areas (Rose and Hartono, 1978; Pieters et al., 1987; 1989). The ophiolite has been proposed to be derived Doutch, 1992; Lumadyo et al., 1993), particularly from a back-arc basin obducted onto the eastern mar- areas of oil company interest (Gruneisen et al., 1983; gin of Sundaland during the early Cretaceous Gardner et al., 1983; van de Weerd et al., 1987; Wain (Sikumbang, 1986) and subsequently uplifted in the and Kardin, 1987; Wain and Berod, 1989) and of min- late Miocene (Rose and Hartano, 1978, van de Weerd eral interest (Bergman et al., 1988; Simmons and et al., 1987; Hutchinson, 1989) or Plio-Pleistocene (van Browne, 1990; van Leeuwen et al., 1990; Felderho Bemmelen, 1949). This complex on the southern mar- et al., 1996). These reports give dierent names for gin of the basin is laterally oset along strike±slip similar sedimentary and igneous formations and high- faults oriented NW±SE. This results in the juxtaposi- light the diculty of correlation of formations due to tion of Aptian to Turonian age sedimentary rocks their highly faulted and dismembered nature (Moss against island arc volcanics. Outcrops of gabbroic and and Chambers, 1998). ultrabasic rocks on the northern margin of the Kutai Basement consists of a number of rock types of Basin have led some authors to postulate that the dierent ages exposed on the northern, western and Meratus Complex extends north beneath the Kutai southern margins of the Kutai Basin (Fig.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Representation of Pluralism in Literary History from Riau Island, Indonesia
    Athens Journal of Philology - Volume 6, Issue 2 – Pages 83-104 Representation of Pluralism in Literary History from Riau Island, Indonesia By Mu᾽jizah One kind of the genre in literature is literary history, often called historiography traditional. In 17th--19th century this type of work was commonly found in the Riau Island manuscripts, especially in Pulau Penyengat. This area in ancient times became a scriptorium of Malay manuscripts. Several authors and scribes’ works, such as Raja Haji, Raja Ali Haji, Raja Ibrahim, and Salamah Binti Ambar and a descendant of Encik Ismail bin Datuk Karkun, were found in the region. Their works among others are Tuhafat An-Nafis, Silsilah Melayu, dan Bugis, and Hikayat Negeri Johor. In Indonesia, the manuscripts are kept in the National Library of Indonesia in Jakarta and Indrasakti Foundation in Riau Island. Some manuscripts among others were found in the Leiden University Library and KITLV Library in Netherlands. The historiography is useful to explore the source of historical knowledge, especially in search for understanding the process in the formation of Malay ethnic group with plural identities in Indonesia. The aim is to find representation of pluralism in the past Malay literary history which has contributed and strengthened nationalism. In the study we use qualititative research and descriptive methods of analysis. The research has found that the Malay ethnic group in Indonesia derived from various ethnic groups that integrated and became a nation with pluralities. According to the myth, the Malay ethnic group came from the unity between the upper-world or the angelic world and the under-world depicted as the marriage between Putri Junjung Buih and a human being.
    [Show full text]
  • THE PERCEPTION of COASTAL COMMUNITY of MANGROVES in SULI SUBDISTRICT, LUWU by Bustam Sulaiman
    THE PERCEPTION OF COASTAL COMMUNITY OF MANGROVES IN SULI SUBDISTRICT, LUWU by Bustam Sulaiman Submission date: 18-Nov-2019 07:47PM (UTC-0800) Submission ID: 1216836611 File name: LUTFI_2.docx (103.65K) Word count: 4691 Character count: 26032 THE PERCEPTION OF COASTAL COMMUNITY OF MANGROVES IN SULI SUBDISTRICT, LUWU ORIGINALITY REPORT 7% 5% 5% 4% SIMILARITY INDEX INTERNET SOURCES PUBLICATIONS STUDENT PAPERS PRIMARY SOURCES gre.magoosh.com 1 Internet Source 1% report.ipcc.ch 2 Internet Source 1% Tri Joko, Sutrisno Anggoro, Henna Rya Sunoko, 3 % Savitri Rachmawati. "Pesticides Usage in the 1 Soil Quality Degradation Potential in Wanasari Subdistrict, Brebes, Indonesia", Applied and Environmental Soil Science, 2017 Publication Submitted to Southern Illinois University 4 Student Paper <1% Yangfan Li, Xiaoxiang Zhang, Xingxing Zhao, 5 % Shengquan Ma, Huhua Cao, Junkuo Cao. <1 "Assessing spatial vulnerability from rapid urbanization to inform coastal urban regional planning", Ocean & Coastal Management, 2016 Publication "Microorganisms in Saline Environments: 6 Strategies and Functions", Springer Science and Business Media LLC, 2019 <1% Publication Bustam Sulaiman, Azis Nur Bambang, 7 % Mohammad Lutfi. " Mangrove Cultivation ( ) as <1 an Effort for Mangrove Rehabilitation in the Ponds Bare in Belopa, Luwu Regency ", E3S Web of Conferences, 2018 Publication abyiogren.meb.gov.tr 8 Internet Source <1% ufdc.ufl.edu 9 Internet Source <1% ejournal2.undip.ac.id 10 Internet Source <1% Shin Hye Kim, Min Kyung Oh, Ran Namgung, 11 % Mi Jung Park. "Prevalence of 25-hydroxyvitamin <1 D deficiency in Korean adolescents: association with age, season and parental vitamin D status", Public Health Nutrition, 2012 Publication link.springer.com 12 Internet Source <1% worldwidescience.org 13 Internet Source <1% Mohammad Lutfi, Muh Yamin, Mujibu Rahman, 14 % Elisa Ginsel Popang.
    [Show full text]
  • Tracing the Maritime Greatness and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Society in South Borneo
    JMSNI (Journal of Maritime Studies and National Integration), 3 (2), 71-79 | E-ISSN: 2579-9215 Tracing the Maritime Greatness and the Formation of Cosmopolitan Society in South Borneo Yety Rochwulaningsih,*1 Noor Naelil Masruroh,2 Fanada Sholihah3 1Master and Doctoral Program of History, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia 2Department of History Faculty of Humanities Diponegoro University, Indonesia 3Center for Asian Studies, Faculty of Humanities, Diponegoro University, Indonesia DOI: https://doi.org/10.14710/jmsni.v3i2.6291 Abstract This article examines the triumph of the maritime world of South Borneo and Received: the construction of a cosmopolitan society as a result of the trade diaspora and November 8, 2019 the mobility of nations from various regions. A “liquid” situation has placed Banjarmasin as a maritime emporium in the archipelago which influenced in Accepted: the 17th century. In fact, the expansion of Islam in the 16th to 17th centuries December 8, 2019 in Southeast Asia directly impacted the strengthening of the existing emporium. Thus, for a long time, Banjarmasin people have interacted and even Corresponding Author: integrated with various types of outsiders who came, for example, Javanese, [email protected] Malays, Indians, Bugis, Chinese, Persians, Arabs, British and Dutch. In the context of the maritime world, the people of South Borneo are not only objects of the entry of foreign traders, but are able to become important subjects in trading activities, especially in the pepper trade. The Banjar Sultanate was even able to respond to the needs of pepper at the global level through intensification of pepper cultivation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Journal of Social Sciences Research ISSN(E): 2411-9458, ISSN(P): 2413-6670 Vol
    The Journal of Social Sciences Research ISSN(e): 2411-9458, ISSN(p): 2413-6670 Vol. 6, Issue. 4, pp: 399-405, 2020 Academic Research Publishing URL: https://arpgweb.com/journal/journal/7 Group DOI: https://doi.org/10.32861/jssr.64.399.405 Original Research Open Access The Role of Minangkabau Ulamas in the Islamization of the Kingdoms of Gowa and Tallo Nelmawarni Nelmawarni* Department of Islamic History, Center for Graduate Management UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, 25153 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Martin Kustati Department of English, Faculty of Islamic Education and Teacher Training UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, 25153 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Hetti Waluati Triana Deparment of Language and Literature, Faculty of Adab and Humanities UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, 25153 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Firdaus Firdaus Department of Islamic Law, Center for Graduate Management UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, 25153 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Warnis Warnis Community Service and Research Center UIN Imam Bonjol Padang, 25153 Padang, West Sumatra, Indonesia Abstract The study aims to explain the important role of Minangkabau ulamas in the Islamization of the Bugis kingdoms in South Sulawesi. The historical approach was used in this study where the Heuristic activities were carried out to collect the main data. Document analysis of books, papers, journals and other relevant writings and interviews with customary figures were done. The results of the study found that the three ulamas came from Minangkabau and expertise in their respective fields and spread Islam. Datuk ri Bandang, who lived in Gowa had expertised in the field of jurisprudence, taught and propagated Islam by using Islamic sharia as its core teaching.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Bab Ii. Pasukan Elite Kerajaan Majapahit Ii.1
    BAB II. PASUKAN ELITE KERAJAAN MAJAPAHIT II.1 Landasan Teori II.1.1 Kerajaan Pada masa lalu Indonesia dihuni dengan macam – macam kerajaan diberbagai wilayah Indonesia, dari kerajaan Hindu, Buddha hingga Islam. Definisi Kerajaan adalah bentuk pemerintahan yang dipimpin oleh seorang aristocrat (bangsawan) yang jabatannya diperoleh dari garis keturunan penguasa, masa jabatan raja berlaku seumur hidup, kecuali raja itu sendiri yang mengundurkan diri (Suhelmi, 2007, h.233). Sistem pemerintahan kerajaan dapatdisebut monarki, arti kata monarki yang berasal dari Bahasa Yunani, kata mono yang artinya satu dan archeim yang artinya pemerintahan, jadi sistem pemerintahan monarki adalah suatu negara yang dipimpin oleh satu orang atau seorang raja (Rachmat, Sukidjo, Tukimo, 2002, h.26). Menurut (Mark), sistem pemerintahan kerajaan atau monarki adalah sistem pemerintahan yang tertua di dunia pada abad ke 3 SM, dilihat dari salah satu peradaban besar tertua di dunia yaitu bangsa Mesir Kuno yang pemimpin bangsanya adalah Fir’aun dengan sistem Monarki Absolut, raja pertama Mesir Kuno adalah Menes (https://www.ancient.eu/egypt, 29/01/2016, para 7). Gambar II.1 Pelat Narmer Abad ke 3 SM Sumber: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/NarmerPalette_ROM- gamma.jpg/800px-NarmerPalette_ROM-gamma.jpg (Diakses pada 21/04/2020) Hampir semua sistem pemerintahan di masa lalu adalah sistem kerajaan, tak terkecuali Indonesia. Pada masa lalu Indonesia memiliki kerajaan - kerajaan yang terkenal seperti Kerajaan Majapahit, Kerajaan Kutai, Kerajaan Sriwijaya dan masih 5 banyak lagi. Pada periode kerajaan – kerajaan di Indonesia, kerajaan tidak dijadikan sebagai pusat pemerintahaan saja, tapi juga dijadikan tempat menyebarluaskan kepercayaan, dari agama Hindu, agama Buddha dan juga agama Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • The Industrial Tree Operations of the Nusantara Fiber Group
    The industrial tree operations of the Nusantara Fiber group. February 2021 Colofon The industrial tree operations of the Nusantara Fiber group This report is part of the project 'Corporate Transformation in Indonesia's Pulp & Paper Sector' Supported by Good Energies Foundation www.goodenergies.org February 2021 Contact: www.aidenvironment.org/pulpandpaper/ [email protected] Front page image: Forest clearing by Nusantara Fiber's plantation company PT Industrial Forest Plantation Landsat 8 satellite image, early October 2020 Images: Images of Industrial Forest Plantations used in the report were taken with the support of Earth Equalizer www.facebook.com/earthqualizerofficial/ Graphic Design: Grace Cunningham www.linkedin.com/in/gracecunninghamdesign/ Aidenvironment Barentszplein 7 1013 NJ Amsterdam The Netherlands + 31 (0)20 686 81 11 www.aidenvironment.org [email protected] Aidenvironment is registered at the Chamber of Commerce of Amsterdam in the Netherlands, number 41208024 Contents The industrial tree operations of the Nusantara Fiber group | Aidenvironment Executive summary p. 6 Conclusions and recommendations p. 8 Introduction p. 11 CHAPTER ONE Company profile 1 Nusantara Fiber group: company profile p. 12 1.1 Industrial tree concessions p. 13 1.2 Company structure p. 14 CHAPTER TWO Deforestation 2 Deforestration by the Nusantara Fiber group p. 16 for industrial 2.1 Forest loss of 26,000 hectares since 2016 p. 18 trees 2.2 PT Industrial Forest Plantation p. 20 2.3 PT Santan Borneo Abadi p. 22 2.4 PT Mahakam Persada Sakti p. 25 2.5 PT Bakayan Jaya Abadi p.26 2.6 PT Permata Hijau Khatulistiwa p.27 CHAPTER THREE Palm oil 3 The palm oil businesses of Nusantara Fiber directors p.
    [Show full text]
  • MASUK DAN BERKEMBANGNYA ISLAM DI KERAJAAN KUTAI KARTANEGARA Samsir IAIN Samarinda [email protected] Abstract the Condition Of
    MASUK DAN BERKEMBANGNYA ISLAM DI KERAJAAN KUTAI KARTANEGARA Samsir IAIN Samarinda [email protected] Abstract The condition of Islam in the beginning of its entry in Kutai Kertanegara was still simple. After following developments today as developments in the field of science and technology, the process of spreading Islam has progressed. After Islam was accepted by the king and the people of Kutai in a peaceful manner. So the King of the Crown Prince or the Noble King of Islam ordered his people to abandon the teachings of their religion by replacing Islam. The development of Islamic religious teachings increased rapidly with the birth of several Islamic organizations which not only fought for the interests of a group of people but also maintained the existence of Islam, besides the strategic location of Kutai Kartanegara. The Central Kalimantan region is central, causing it to get migration from all parties which gives rise to races and acculturation of cultures which gives rise to a culture that has a variety of styles. In the 16th century, the migration of the Malay to the East was due to the pressure of political pressure which violently flared in western Indonesia with the fall of Malacca in 1511 AD. The great flow of Malay migration to the East began with capital to Makassar where they controlled spices. -rempah Maluku together with Javanese people. Aceh's expansion of Johor and other regions of the Malacca Peninsula at the beginning of the 17th century. The disruption of the Dutch over Malacca in 1941 AD in Western Indonesia added to the swift flow to the East.
    [Show full text]
  • Mill Name Parent Company Country State Or Province
    MILL NAME PARENT COMPANY COUNTRY STATE OR PROVINCE DISTRICT 1 Abago Braganza Colombia Meta Puerto Gaitán 2 Abdi Budi Mulia Aathi Bagawathi Manufacturing Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhanbatu Selatan 3 Abedon Kretam Holdings Malaysia Sabah Semporna 4 Ace Oil Mill Ace Oil Mill Malaysia Pahang Rompin 5 Aceitera Chiapaneca Blanca Palomeras Mexico Chiapas Acapetahua 6 Aceites CI Biocosta Colombia Magdalena Aracataca 7 Aceites Cimarrones Aceites Colombia Meta Puerto Rico 8 Aceites De Palma Aceites De Palma Mexico Veracruz Hueyapan de Ocampo 9 Aceites Morichal CI Biocosta Colombia Meta San Carlos de Guaroa 10 Aceites Sustentables De Palma Aceites Sustentables De Palma Mexico Chiapas Ocosingo 11 Aceydesa Aceydesa Honduras Colón Trujillo 12 Adei Plantation Nilo 1 Kuala Lumpur Kepong Indonesia Riau Pelalawan 13 Adei Plantation Nilo 2 Kuala Lumpur Kepong Indonesia Riau Pelalawan 14 Adela Felda Global Ventures Malaysia Johor Kota Tinggi 15 Adimulia Palmo Lestari Adimulia Palmo Lestari Indonesia Jambi Batang Hari 16 Adolina Perkebunan Nusantara IV Indonesia Sumatera Utara Serdang Bedagai 17 Aek Loba Socfin Group Indonesia Sumatera Utara Asahan 18 Aek Nabara Selatan Perkebunan Nusantara III Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhanbatu 19 Aek Nopan Kencana Inti Perkasa Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhanbatu Utara 20 Aek Raso Perkebunan Nusantara III Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhanbatu Selatan 21 Aek Sibirong Maju Indo Raya Indonesia Sumatera Utara Tapanuli Selatan 22 Aek Tinga Mandiri Sawit Bersama Indonesia Sumatera Utara Padang Lawas 23 Aek Torop Perkebunan
    [Show full text]
  • Awal Pengaruh Hindu Buddha Di Nusantara
    AWAL PENGARUH HINDU BUDDHA DI NUSANTARA Agustijanto Indradjaja Pusat Arkeologi Nasional, Jl. Condet Pejaten No. 4, Jakarta Selatan 12510 [email protected] Endang Sri Hardiati [email protected] Abstrak. Berbicara tentang awal pengaruh Hindu Buddha di Nusantara sejauh ini selalu dimulai pada sekitar abad ke-5 M. yang ditandai oleh kehadiran kerajaan Kutai dan Tarumanagara di Nusantara dan masih sedikit perhatian terhadap periode sebelum itu. Padahal periode awal sampai dengan abad ke-5 M. adalah periode krusial bagi munculnya kerajaan yang bercorak Hindu- Buddha di Nusantara. Penelitian terhadap periode awal sejarah dimaksudkan untuk mengungkapkan dinamika sosial ekonomi yang terjadi di masyarakat Nusantara sehingga mampu menerima dan menyerap unsur-unsur budaya asing (India) yang pada puncaknya memunculkan sejumlah ARKENASkerajaan bersifat Hindu-Buddha di Nusantara. Metode analisis yang dipakai adalah metode analisis tipologis dan kontekstual serta beberapa analisis C-14 atas temuan diharapkan dapat menjelaskan kondisi masyarakat Nusantara pada masa lalu. Hasil penelitian ini dapat mengidentifikasikan sejumlah tinggalan arkeologi seperti sisa tiang rumah, sisa perahu, keramik, tembikar, manik-manik, alat logam, dan sejumlah kubur yang diidentifikasi berasal dari periode awal sejarah. Berdasarkan tinggalan tersebut dapat direkonstruksi kondisi sosial-ekonomi masyarakat Nusantara dan peranannya di dunia internasional di Kawasan Asia Tenggara. Kata kunci: Awal sejarah, Hindu-Buddha, Nusantara, Budaya India. Abstract. Early Hindu-Buddhist Influence in the Indonesian Nusantara. So far discussions about early Hindu-Buddhist influence in the Indonesian Archipelago (Nusantara) have always been started at around 5th Century AD, which is characterized by the presence of the kingdoms of Kutai and Tarumanagara in the archipelago, while the earlier period is barely noticed although the period between early and 5th century AD is a crucial period for the emergence of Hindu- Buddhist kingdoms in the archipelago.
    [Show full text]
  • Unilever Palm Oil Mill List
    2017 Palm Oil Mills No. Mill Name Parent Company RSPO Certified Country Province District Latitude Longitude 1 ABDI BUDI MULIA PKS 1 AATHI BAGAWATHI MANUFACTURING SDN BHD No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 2.0512694 100.252339 2 ABEDON OIL MILL KRETAM HOLDING BERHAD Yes Malaysia Sabah Kinabatangan 5.312106 117.9741 3 ACEITES CIMARRONES SAS ACEITES S.A. Yes Colombia Meta Puerto Rico 3.035593889 -73.11146556 4 ACEITES MANUELITA YAGUARITO CI BIOCOSTA Yes Colombia Meta San Carlos de Guaroa 3.882933 -73.341206 5 ACEITES MORICHAL CI BIOCOSTA No Colombia Meta San Carlos de Guaroa 3.92985 -73.242775 6 ADELA POM FELDA No Malaysia Johor Kota Tinggi 1.552768 104.1873 7 ADHYAKSA DHARMASATYA ADHYAKSA DHARMASATYA No Indonesia Kalimantan Tengah Kotawaringin Timur -1.588931 112.861883 8 ADITYA AGROINDO AGRINDO No Indonesia Kalimantan Barat Ketapang -0.476029 110.151418 9 ADOLINA PTPN IV No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Serdang Bedagai 3.568533 98.94805 10 ADONG MILL WOODMAN GROUP No Malaysia Sarawak Miri 4.541035 114.119098 11 AEK BATU WILMAR No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 1.850583 100.1457 12 AEK LOBA SOCFIN INDONESIA Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Asahan 2.651389 99.617778 13 AEK NABARA RAJA GARUDA MAS Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 1.999722222 99.93972222 14 AEK NABARA SELATAN PTPN III Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 2.058056 99.955278 15 AEK RASO PTPN III Yes Indonesia Sumatera Utara Labuhan Batu 1.703883 100.172217 16 AEK SIBIRONG MAJU INDO RAYA No Indonesia Sumatera Utara Tapanuli Selatan 1.409317 98.85825 17 AEK SIGALA-GALA
    [Show full text]
  • Member Country Report of INDONESIA
    CCOP-53AS/3-7 COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) 53rd CCOP Annual Session 16 – 19 October 2017 Cebu City, Philippines Member Country Report of INDONESIA Submitted by Indonesian Delegation / Geological Agency (For Agenda Item 3) COORDINATING COMMITTEE FOR GEOSCIENCE PROGRAMMES IN EAST AND SOUTHEAST ASIA (CCOP) CCOP Building, 75/10 Rama VI Road, Phayathai, Ratchathewi, Bangkok 10400, Thailand Tel: +66 (0) 2644 5468, Fax: +66 (0) 2644 5429, E-mail: [email protected], Website: www.ccop.or.th ANNUAL MEMBER COUNTRY REPORT Country: INDONESIA Period: 1 July 2016 - 30 June 2017 I. OUTREACH The technical activities has been reclassified into three sectors and seven programmes as follows: Geo-Resources (Mineral, Energy, Groundwater), Geo-Environment (Coastal, Geohazard, Environmental Geology), and Geo-information (Geo data and Information Management) GEO-RESOURCES SECTOR 1. MINERAL PROGRAMME 1.1. Summary Several companies holding license for exploration activities in mining for metallic mineral have reported the results of their activities and the development of resources and reserves of several minerals. Several mineral commodities resources and reserves are shown in the following figure. Figure 1.1. Bar charts of some mineral commodities resources and reserves of Indonesia 2012 - 2016 CCOP Member Country Report: INDONESIA 1 The government has planned to revise Law No. 4/2009 due to some provisions in this regulation that can not be implemented/experiencing obstacles in the implementation, need to be adjusted with Law Number 23 Year 2014 on Local Government, The Constitutional Court Decision, and the government policy to simplify licensing and public services, including in this case licensing of mineral sub-sector.
    [Show full text]
  • South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S
    Geological Evolution of South-East Asia Second Edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Evolution of South-east Asia Second edition CHARLES S. HUTCHISON Professor emeritus, Department of geology University of Malaya Geological Society of Malaysia 2007 Geological Society of Malaysia Department of Geology University of Malaya 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the Geological Society of Malaysia ©Charles S. Hutchison 1989 First published by Oxford University Press 1989 This edition published with the permission of Oxford University Press 1996 ISBN 978-983-99102-5-4 Printed in Malaysia by Art Printing Works Sdn. Bhd. This book is dedicated to the former professors at the University of Malaya. It is my privilege to have collabo­ rated with Professors C. S. Pichamuthu, T. H. F. Klompe, N. S. Haile, K. F. G. Hosking and P. H. Stauffer. Their teaching and publications laid the foundations for our present understanding of the geology of this complex region. I also salute D. ]. Gobbett for having the foresight to establish the Geological Society of Malaysia and Professor Robert Hall for his ongoing fascination with this region. Preface to this edition The original edition of this book was published by known throughout the region of South-east Asia. Oxford University Press in 1989 as number 13 of the Unfortunately the stock has become depleted in 2007. Oxford monographs on geology and geophysics.
    [Show full text]