Invasive Non-Native Early Detection and Rapid Response (EDRR) Program

Status Report 2014 – 2018

County Ag Weights & Measures (AWM) SANDAG Transnet EMP Work

Presented: September 11th 2018

Jason Giessow, Dendra Inc: [email protected]

Mark Martinez, County of San Diego AWM: [email protected] Invasive Plant Strategic Plan:

Purpose: Assess severity of impacts and management feasibility of priority species at the regional level to establish management priorities

• Science-based Assessments – Plant Assessment Forms (PAFs) o Ecological impacts o Invasiveness o Distribution/abundance

Summary of Management Levels and Goals

Scale of Control Level Distribution Goal Management Feasibility

1-Surveillance/ High Early detection, Not present Regionwide Prevention (low effort) rapid response

High Regional 2-Eradication Limited Regionwide (mod. effort) Eradication

Watershed, Medium Landscape 3-Containment Variable management unit (re-treatment) Eradication/cont.

Medium 4-Directed Wide, Sub-management Control to benefit (slow re- Management abundant unit, reserve NCCP resources invasion)

Low 5-Directed Wide, Control to benefit Reserve or site (rapid re- Suppression abundant NCCP resources invasion) PAF - Summary Sheet EMP/SDMMP Invasive Plant Work

1. Invasives Strategic Plan completed Sep 2012. • Plan and PAFs at: SDMMP.com

2. SANDAG/EMP contract awarded to San Diego AWM, work focused on EDRR: • Field work started September 20, 2014. Right of Entry Agreements (ROEs)

Goal: Build standing authorization for program work Significant progress: 120,000 acres

City SD, City Water Dep, County SD, CADFW, Sweetwater Authority, Port District, several NGOs and many private properties

• Time consuming but critical- County a logical entity to hold ROEs

Short (2-3 year) bank longevity

Known Common Seedbank Populations Pre- Scientific Name populations Name longevity worked on emergent (active)

Aegilops Barbed goat 3 2 1 - triuncialis grass

Carrichtera Ward's weed 3 3 2 Yes annua

Centaurea Yellow star 3 8 8 (1 part) Some solstitialis thistle

Elymus caput- Medusahead 2 4 3 Some medusae

Limonium European 3 7 6 Yes duriusculum sea lavender

Limonium Algerian sea 3 14 12 Yes ramosissimum lavender

Volutaria Volutaria 3 1 1 Yes tubuliflora knapweed Centaurea solstitialis: Yellow starthistle

Yellow star thistle tocalote

Short (2-3 year) Seed bank longevity: Yellow starthistle: Milestone (pre and post emergent)

Sites (8 active) 5-2015 6-2016 7-2017 7-2018 Notes Wynola (4) 28 81 635 5 52 Sycamore 4 1 0 1 Almost eradicated Landfill (5) Mendenhall (8) 436 1,664 385 227

Mesa Grande (16) 2 1,505 2,295 515

Japatul (13) 200 20 (+1,000) Need ROE

La Jolla IR (18) 1,375 Untreated Access issues

Eichenlaub (9) Tracking: SDGE

Pendleton (17) Tracking: DoD

12 Eradicated

2 Reports to check

• Heavy rain in winter 2016/17 helped express seedbank

Limonium duriusculum: European sea lavender

8 sites: 7 under treatment (1 site partly)

Eradication may not be realistic on all watersheds (San Diego) Chloropyron maritimum ssp. maritimum growing with L. duriusculum Limonium duriusculum: European sea lavender

San Elijo Lagoon

Limonium ramosissimum: Algerian sea lavender

15 sites: 5 under treatment, 4 tracked, 3 untreated

Eradication may not be realistic on all watersheds First treatment: ~ 75% kill

Limonium ramosissimum: Algerian sea lavender

La Costa Ave (source of Batiquitos Lagoon population)

Second treatment: ~ 98% kill Batiquitos Lagoon population Limonium ramosissimum: Algerian sea lavender

CVNR (San Diego Bay)

February 2016

Fall 2015

Short (2-3 year) Seed bank longevity: Limonium (pre and post emergent)

Sites 2X-2015 2X-2016 2X-2017 2X-2018

Solana Beach 13,800 1,000 600 120

La Costa Ave 22,000 5,200 750 120 Invasive Non-Native: Volutaria knapweed (Volutaria tubuliflora)

Description: Stem: < 15 dm. Leaf:1-2 pinnately lobed or divided, Photos by Tom Chester lobes +/- dentate, lobes angled forward. Inflorescence: heads solitary or in small clusters; phyllaries with wide flat flexible spine tips 1.5--2 mm, inner with membranous, spineless tips. : corolla of sterile flower +/- 10 mm; corolla of fertile flower 5.5--6 mm, +/- white. : 3--3.5 mm, pale gray-brown, ascending-hairy, faces not pitted. Ecology: Disturbed areas, non-native grassland, into coastal sage scrub Similar to (see back): Centaurea mellitensis (tocalote), Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed) Photo by Ron Vanderhoff Photo by Jason Giessow

Photo by Jason Giessow Photos by Ron Vanderhoff Report sightings to: [email protected] and database at www.Calflora.org

Short (2-3 year) seed bank longevity: Volutaria: Milestone (pre and post emergent)

Sites 6-2016 4X-2017 4X-2018 Notes

Before: Most of 2018 in Rice Canyon 6,400 2,846 50,000+ one patch (2,100).

Eradicated, site cleared Point Loma 4 - - of all vegetation Medium (4-8 year) seed bank longevity

Known Scientific Common Seedbank Populations Pre- populations Name Name longevity worked on emergent (active)

Ageratina Eupatory 8 4 3 No adenophora Centaurea Spotted stoebe ssp. 5 3 3 Yes knapweed micranthos Euphorbia Carnation 5 6 6 Some terracina spurge

Euphorbia Leafy 5 1 1 No virgata spurge Canary Hypericum Island St. 4? 12 8 No canariense John's wort Invasive Non-Native: Carnation spurge (Euphorbia terracina)

Description: annual or short lived perennial; upright stems several to numerous from base, up to 120cm ht, often reddish; sessile 2.5-6cm, linear to narrowly lanceolate blades, tip acute; at top of stem broader and yellowish green; inflorescence open, inconspicuous greenish or yellowish at tips with ovary forming deeply lobed 3 sided (3-5 mm long and 4-5 mm wide); milky sap (eye and skin irritant) Ecology: disturbed areas, coastal sage scrub, grasslands, chaparral edges, , riparian, woodlands; shade or sun; massive germination after fire; toxic sap Similar to (see back): Other weedy spurge species

All photos Jason Giessow Report sightings to: [email protected] and database at www.Calflora.org

Medium (4-8 year) Seed bank longevity Euphorbia terracina, using pre emergent on upland sites

Sites (6 active) 2X-2015 2X-2016 2X-2017 2X-2018 KB Homes 8,700 5,750 3,090 400

Black Mtn Park 400 75 500 890

Mill Pond - 1,000 10 100 Deer Creek (sub site) - 100 0 0 Pre: Part: Black Mtn Ranch - 7,000 20,000 1,000 Camino Del Sur - 500 500 1,200 Invasive Non-Native: Canary Island St. John’s Wort (Hypericum canariense) Foliage bright green Description: multi-stemmed perennial rhizomatous up to 3m ht; leaves opposite, waxy, lanceolate and bright green; terminal clusters of yellow flowers; leaves yellow early in season and generally drop in summer; capsule dry and dehisce tiny . Ecology: disturbed areas, coastal sage scrub and grassland habitats. Can form dense stands that exclude native species.

Foliage going dormant

All photos Jason Giessow All photos Jason Giessow Report sightings to: [email protected] and database at www.Calflora.org

Balboa Park: Fall 2015 Balboa Park:

Winter 2015/16 Medium (4-8 year) Seed bank longevity Hypericum canarience

Sites (3 active) 5-2015 2-2016 6-2017 5-2018 Notes

Lake Murray 7,000 440 3,140 Mostly seedlings

6,000 Shrubs Unk # Took over site, Tecolote 670 4,385 Urban Corps M Kelly mostly seedlings Long (9-20 year) Seed bank longevity

Seedbank Known Scientific Common Populations Pre- longevity populations Name Name worked on emergent (active)

Genista Bridal 10 3 3 No monosperma broom Genista French 10 5 4 No monspessulana broom Sesbania Rattlebox 10 1 1 No punicea Invasive Non-Native: Bridal broom (Genista monosperma)

Description: perennial shrub to 4m, stems green and silky- hairy in youth, pendent branches, leaves small, simple and ephemeral (mostly appears leafless), white flowers, 1-2 black seeds from indehiscent pod. Ecology: Disturbed areas, grasslands, coastal sage scrub. Similar to: yellow flowering broom species (Scotch, French) when not blooming – bridal broom is taller, more upright and with a ‘cleaner’ wispy look. Also Mexican palo verde (blooms yellow).

seedlings All photos Jason Giessow Report sightings to: [email protected] and database at www.Calflora.org Adjacent to Fallbrook Weapon Station: Summer 2015 Near Fallbrook Weapon Station: Summer 2015 Near Hwy 76 Long (9-20 year) Seed bank longevity

Sites 5-2015 7-2015 11-2016 7-2017 8-2018 Notes (3 active) 300 large 100 re-sp 10 re-sp 10 re-sp Olive Hill shrubs 230 re-sp 4,500 400 180 seed 1,000 seedlings seed seed Creek View 10 re-sp 4 large shrubs 0 4 re-sp 8 re-sp Lane 70 seed Fallbrook Seedlings Seed Seed Seed Seed Tracked W Station Highway 76 30 large shrubs 0 0 0 - Eradicated & I-15 Detailed quarterly reports: • GIS data with treated area and track/surveys • Treated plant counts • Description of population status

Completion report: every two years • Regional maps of all sites/populations • Detailed individual site maps • Treatment status, results, and recommendations • GIS data of sites and populations delivered at end of each contract cycle (every 2 years) Outreach and coordination:

• Annual presentations: Management & Monitoring meetings, Land Managers meetings, and WMA meetings

• Updates on existing and new targets and to be on the lookout for

• Outreach weed ID cards for managers Additional components of program: • Co-ordinate with other groups in County and Southern CA • Leverage work: Pass sites to others (SELC) • Take over sites if control not occurring • Leverage funds from CDFA/County • County funds program during contract ‘gaps’