GRAS Notice 758 for Lactobacillus Helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

GRAS Notice 758 for Lactobacillus Helveticus R0052, Bifidobacterium GRAS Notice (GRN) No. 758 https://www.fda.gov/Food/IngredientsPackagingLabeling/GRAS/NoticeInventory/default.htm JHeimbach LLC JAN 2 5 2018 January 19, 2018 OFFICE OF FOOD ADDillVE SAFETY Paulette Gaynor, Ph.D. Senior Regulatory Project Manager Division of Biotechnology and GRAS Notice Review (HFS-255) Office ofFood Additive Safety Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition Food and Drug Administration 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park, MD 20740 Dear Dr. Gaynor: Pursuant to 21 CFR Part 170, Subpart E, Lallemand Health Solutions (Lallemand), through me as its agent, hereby provides notice of a claim that the addition to milk-based term infant formula ofthree strains ofprobiotic bacteria (Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52, Bi.fidobacterium longum ssp. in/antis Rosell®-33, and Bi.fidobacterium bi.fidum Rosell®-71), both individually and in an 80:10:10 blend, is exempt from the premarket approval requirement ofthe Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act because Lallemand has determined that the intended use is generally recognized as safe (GRAS) based on scientific procedures. As required, one copy ofthe GRAS monograph and one signed copy ofthe statement ofthe Expert Panel are provided. Additionally, I have enclosed a virus-free CD-ROM with the GRAS monograph and the statement ofthe Expert Panel. I apologize for the size ofthe GRAS monograph, but note that it includes information regarding three bacterial strains that have been extensively studied over many years, both alone and in combination. If you have any questions regarding this notification, please feel free to contact me at 804-742-5543 or [email protected]. (b) (6) Truiies T. eimbach, Ph.D., F.A.C.N. President Encl. 923 Water Street, P.O. Box 66, Port Royal Virginia 22535, USA tel. (+1) 804-742-5543 fax (+1) 202-478-0986 [email protected] LALLEMAND HEALTH SOLUTIONS Generally Recognized as Safe (GRAS) Determination for the Use of the Probiotics Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®- 52 (R0052), Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033), and Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 (R0071) Prepared by: LALLEMAND HEALTH SOLUTIONS Regulatory Affairs 17975 rue des Gouverneurs Mirabel, Québec, Canada J7J 2K7 Tel (450) 433-9139 And JHeimbach LLC 923 Water Street P.O. Box 66 Port Royal VA 22535 USA Tel (804) 742-5543 1 LALLEMAND HEALTH SOLUTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ....................................................................................................................... 5 LIST OF FIGURES..................................................................................................................... 7 PART 1. SIGNED STATEMENTS AND CERTIFICATION.......................................................... 8 1.1. GRAS NOTICE SUBMISSION................................................................................................8 1.2. NAME AND ADDRESS OF NOTIFIER .......................................................................................8 1.3. NAME OF NOTIFIED ORGANISMS ..........................................................................................9 1.4. INTENDED CONDITIONS OF USE ...........................................................................................9 1.5. STATUTORY BASIS FOR GRAS STATUS ...............................................................................9 1.6. PREMARKET EXEMPT STATUS ...........................................................................................10 1.7. AVAILABILITY OF INFORMATION ..........................................................................................10 1.8. FREEDOM OF INFORMATION ACT STATEMENT.....................................................................10 1.9. CERTIFICATION.................................................................................................................10 1.10. FSIS STATEMENT...........................................................................................................10 1.11. NAME AND TITLE OF SIGNER ...........................................................................................10 PART 2. IDENTITY, METHOD OF MANUFACTURE, SPECIFICATIONS, AND TECHNICAL EFFECT ................................................................................................................................... 11 2.1. NAMES OF THE GRAS ORGANISMS ...................................................................................11 2.2. SOURCES OF THE GRAS ORGANISMS ...............................................................................11 2.3. DESCRIPTIONS OF THE GRAS ORGANISMS ........................................................................11 2.3.1. Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 (R0052) ...........................................................12 2.3.1.1. Phenotypic Identification of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 (R0052) .........13 2.3.1.2. Genotypic identification of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 (R0052) ...........16 2.3.2. Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033)........................................22 2.3.2.1. Phenotypic identification of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033)..........................................................................................................................24 2.3.2.2. Genotypic identification of B. longum ssp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033).............26 2.3.3. Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 (R0071) ..........................................................29 2.3.3.1. Phenotypic identification of Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 (R0071)..........30 2.3.3.2. Genotypic identification of Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 (R0071) ...........32 2.4. GENOMIC ANALYSIS..........................................................................................................35 2.4.1. Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 (R0052) ...........................................................35 2.4.1.1. Sequencing.......................................................................................................35 2.4.1.2. Annotation of the Genome ................................................................................36 2.4.1.3. Annotation of the Plasmid .................................................................................36 2.4.1.4. Results of the Genomic Analysis.......................................................................36 2.4.2. Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033).......................................38 2.4.2.1. Sequencing.......................................................................................................38 2.4.2.2. Annotation of the Genome ................................................................................38 2.4.2.3. Annotation of Plasmids .....................................................................................39 2.4.2.4. Results of the Genomic Analysis.......................................................................39 2.4.3. Bifidobacterium bifidum Rosell®-71 (R0071) ..........................................................40 2 LALLEMAND HEALTH SOLUTIONS 2.4.3.1. Sequencing.......................................................................................................40 2.4.3.2. Annotation of the Genome ................................................................................41 2.4.3.3. Annotation of Plasmids .....................................................................................42 2.4.3.4. Results of the Genomic Analysis.......................................................................42 2.5. PRODUCTION PROCESS ....................................................................................................44 2.5.1 Manufacturing Process of the Bacterial Strains.........................................................45 2.5.2. Blending of the Three Bacterial Strains....................................................................48 2.6. SPECIFICATIONS...............................................................................................................50 2.6.1 Specifications of the Bacterial Powder ......................................................................50 2.6.2. Specifications of the Blend of the Three Bacterial Strains ........................................56 2.7. HEAVY METALS ................................................................................................................58 2.8 STABILITY .........................................................................................................................59 PART 3. DIETARY EXPOSURE (EDI) ..................................................................................... 61 PART 4: SELF-LIMITING LEVELS OF USE............................................................................ 62 PART 5: EXPERIENCE BASED ON COMMON USE IN FOOD .............................................. 63 PART 6: NARRATIVE .............................................................................................................. 64 6.1. RECOGNIZED SAFETY OF LACTIC ACID BACTERIA ...............................................................64 6.2. HISTORY OF CONSUMPTION OF NOTIFIED BACTERIAL STRAINS............................................66 6.2.1. History of Consumption of Lactobacillus helveticus Rosell®-52 (R0052)..................66 6.2.2. History of Consumption of Bifidobacterium longum ssp. infantis Rosell®-33 (R0033) ..........................................................................................................................................68 6.2.3. History
Recommended publications
  • A Taxonomic Note on the Genus Lactobacillus
    Taxonomic Description template 1 A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: 2 Description of 23 novel genera, emended description 3 of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union 4 of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae 5 Jinshui Zheng1, $, Stijn Wittouck2, $, Elisa Salvetti3, $, Charles M.A.P. Franz4, Hugh M.B. Harris5, Paola 6 Mattarelli6, Paul W. O’Toole5, Bruno Pot7, Peter Vandamme8, Jens Walter9, 10, Koichi Watanabe11, 12, 7 Sander Wuyts2, Giovanna E. Felis3, #*, Michael G. Gänzle9, 13#*, Sarah Lebeer2 # 8 '© [Jinshui Zheng, Stijn Wittouck, Elisa Salvetti, Charles M.A.P. Franz, Hugh M.B. Harris, Paola 9 Mattarelli, Paul W. O’Toole, Bruno Pot, Peter Vandamme, Jens Walter, Koichi Watanabe, Sander 10 Wuyts, Giovanna E. Felis, Michael G. Gänzle, Sarah Lebeer]. 11 The definitive peer reviewed, edited version of this article is published in International Journal of 12 Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology, https://doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.004107 13 1Huazhong Agricultural University, State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Hubei Key 14 Laboratory of Agricultural Bioinformatics, Wuhan, Hubei, P.R. China. 15 2Research Group Environmental Ecology and Applied Microbiology, Department of Bioscience 16 Engineering, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium 17 3 Dept. of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy 18 4 Max Rubner‐Institut, Department of Microbiology and Biotechnology, Kiel, Germany 19 5 School of Microbiology & APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Co. Cork, Ireland 20 6 University of Bologna, Dept. of Agricultural and Food Sciences, Bologna, Italy 21 7 Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Vrije Universiteit 22 Brussel, Brussels, Belgium 23 8 Laboratory of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Ghent University, Ghent, 24 Belgium 25 9 Department of Agricultural, Food & Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 26 10 Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada 27 11 National Taiwan University, Dept.
    [Show full text]
  • Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis
    International Journal of Molecular Sciences Review Fatty Acid Diets: Regulation of Gut Microbiota Composition and Obesity and Its Related Metabolic Dysbiosis David Johane Machate 1, Priscila Silva Figueiredo 2 , Gabriela Marcelino 2 , Rita de Cássia Avellaneda Guimarães 2,*, Priscila Aiko Hiane 2 , Danielle Bogo 2, Verônica Assalin Zorgetto Pinheiro 2, Lincoln Carlos Silva de Oliveira 3 and Arnildo Pott 1 1 Graduate Program in Biotechnology and Biodiversity in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; [email protected] (D.J.M.); [email protected] (A.P.) 2 Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; pri.fi[email protected] (P.S.F.); [email protected] (G.M.); [email protected] (P.A.H.); [email protected] (D.B.); [email protected] (V.A.Z.P.) 3 Chemistry Institute, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, Brazil; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +55-67-3345-7416 Received: 9 March 2020; Accepted: 27 March 2020; Published: 8 June 2020 Abstract: Long-term high-fat dietary intake plays a crucial role in the composition of gut microbiota in animal models and human subjects, which affect directly short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production and host health. This review aims to highlight the interplay of fatty acid (FA) intake and gut microbiota composition and its interaction with hosts in health promotion and obesity prevention and its related metabolic dysbiosis.
    [Show full text]
  • Lactobacillus Helveticus and Bifidobacterium Longum
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ingestion of probiotic (Lactobacillus helveticus and Bifdobacterium longum) alters intestinal microbial structure and behavioral expression following social defeat stress Katherine A. Partrick1, Anna M. Rosenhauer1, Jérémie Auger2, Amanda R. Arnold1, Nicole M. Ronczkowski1, Lanaya M. Jackson1, Magen N. Lord1, Sara M. Abdulla1, Benoit Chassaing1,3,4 & Kim L. Huhman1* Social stress exacerbates anxious and depressive behaviors in humans. Similarly, anxiety- and depressive-like behaviors are triggered by social stress in a variety of non-human animals. Here, we tested whether oral administration of the putative anxiolytic probiotic strains Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifdobacterium longum R0175 reduces the striking increase in anxiety-like behavior and changes in gut microbiota observed following social defeat stress in Syrian hamsters. We administered the probiotic at two diferent doses for 21 days, and 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing revealed a shift in microbial structure following probiotic administration at both doses, independently of stress. Probiotic administration at either dose increased anti-infammatory cytokines IL-4, IL-5, and IL-10 compared to placebo. Surprisingly, probiotic administration at the low dose, equivalent to the one used in humans, signifcantly increased social avoidance and decreased social interaction. This behavioral change was associated with a reduction in microbial richness in this group. Together, these results demonstrate that probiotic administration alters gut microbial composition and may promote an anti-infammatory profle but that these changes may not promote reductions in behavioral responses to social stress. Te human gastrointestinal tract houses a vastly abundant community of microorganisms, and it has become increasingly clear that the state of this microbial community can meaningfully impact disease states 1–3.
    [Show full text]
  • A Mixture of Lactobacillus Plantarumcect 7315 and CECT
    Nutr Hosp. 2011;26(1):228-235 ISSN 0212-1611 • CODEN NUHOEQ S.V.R. 318 Original A mixture of Lactobacillus plantarum CECT 7315 and CECT 7316 enhances systemic immunity in elderly subjects. A dose-response, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized pilot trial J. Mañé1,2*, E. Pedrosa1,2*, V. Lorén1,2, M. A. Gassull1,2, J. Espadaler3, J. Cuñé3, S. Audivert3, M. A. Bonachera3 and E. Cabré1,2,4 1Institute for Research in Health Sciences “Germans Trias i Pujol”. Badalona. Catalonia. Spain. 2Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd). Barcelona. Spain. 3AB-Biotics. Cerdanyola del Vallès. Catalonia. Spain. 4Department of Gastroenterology. Hospital Universitari “Germans Trias i Pujol”. Badalona. Catalonia. Spain. *Contributed equally to the work. Abstract UNA MEZCLA DE LACTOBACILLUS PLANTARUM CECT 7315 Y CECT 7316 MEJORA LA INMUNIDAD Background & aim: Immunosenescence can increase SISTÉMICA EN ANCIANOS. UN ENSAYO morbi-mortality. Lactic acid producing bacteria may ALEATORIO PILOTO, DE DOSIS-RESPUESTA, improve immunity and reduce morbidity and mortality DOBLE CIEGO Y CONTROLADO CON PLACEBO in the elderly. We aimed to investigate the effects of a mix- ture of two new probiotic strains of Lactobacillus plan- tarum —CECT 7315 and 7316— on systemic immunity Resumen in elderly. Methods: 50 institutionalized elderly subjects were Introducción y objetivos: La inmunosenescencia puede randomized, in a double-blind fashion, to receive for 12 aumentar la morbi-mortalidad. Las bacterias producto- weeks 1) 5·108 cfu/day of L. plantarum CECT7315/7316 ras de ácido láctico pueden mejorar la inmunidad y dis- (“low probiotic dose”) (n = 13), 2) 5·109 cfu/day of the pro- minuir la morbilidad y mortalidad en los ancianos.
    [Show full text]
  • Complete Genomic Sequences of Propionibacterium Freudenreichii
    UCLA UCLA Previously Published Works Title Complete genomic sequences of Propionibacterium freudenreichii phages from Swiss cheese reveal greater diversity than Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes phages. Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7bf0f2q3 Journal BMC microbiology, 18(1) ISSN 1471-2180 Authors Cheng, Lucy Marinelli, Laura J Grosset, Noël et al. Publication Date 2018-03-01 DOI 10.1186/s12866-018-1159-y Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California Cheng et al. BMC Microbiology (2018) 18:19 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-018-1159-y RESEARCH ARTICLE Open Access Complete genomic sequences of Propionibacterium freudenreichii phages from Swiss cheese reveal greater diversity than Cutibacterium (formerly Propionibacterium) acnes phages Lucy Cheng1,2†, Laura J. Marinelli1,2*†, Noël Grosset3, Sorel T. Fitz-Gibbon4, Charles A. Bowman5, Brian Q. Dang5, Daniel A. Russell5, Deborah Jacobs-Sera5, Baochen Shi6, Matteo Pellegrini4, Jeff F. Miller7,2, Michel Gautier3, Graham F. Hatfull5 and Robert L. Modlin1,2 Abstract Background: A remarkable exception to the large genetic diversity often observed for bacteriophages infecting a specific bacterial host was found for the Cutibacterium acnes (formerly Propionibacterium acnes) phages, which are highly homogeneous. Phages infecting the related species, which is also a member of the Propionibacteriaceae family, Propionibacterium freudenreichii, a bacterium used in production of Swiss-type cheeses, have also been described and are common contaminants of the cheese manufacturing process. However, little is known about their genetic composition and diversity. Results: We obtained seven independently isolated bacteriophages that infect P. freudenreichii from Swiss-type cheese samples, and determined their complete genome sequences.
    [Show full text]
  • Supplementation with Combined Lactobacillus Helveticus R0052 And
    microorganisms Article Supplementation with Combined Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 and Bifidobacterium longum R0175 Across Development Reveals Sex Differences in Physiological and Behavioural Effects of Western Diet in Long–Evans Rats Elizabeth M. Myles 1,* , M. Elizabeth O’Leary 1, Rylan Smith 1, Chad W. MacPherson 2, Alexandra Oprea 1, Emma H. Melanson 1, Thomas A. Tompkins 2 and Tara S. Perrot 1,3,* 1 Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Dalhousie University, 1355 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada; [email protected] (M.E.O.); [email protected] (R.S.); [email protected] (A.O.); [email protected] (E.H.M.) 2 Rosell®Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, 6100 Ave. Royalmount, Montreal, QC H4P 2R2, Canada; [email protected] (C.W.M.); [email protected] (T.A.T.) 3 Brain Repair Centre, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS B3H 4R2, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.M.M.); [email protected] (T.S.P.) Received: 10 September 2020; Accepted: 2 October 2020; Published: 5 October 2020 Abstract: The gut microbiome affects various physiological and psychological processes in animals and humans, and environmental influences profoundly impact its composition. Disorders such as anxiety, obesity, and inflammation have been associated with certain microbiome compositions, which may be modulated in early life. In 62 Long–Evans rats, we characterised the effects of lifelong Bifidobacterium longum R0175 and Lactobacillus helveticus R0052 administration—along with Western diet exposure—on later anxiety, metabolic consequences, and inflammation. We found that the probiotic formulation altered specific anxiety-like behaviours in adulthood. We further show distinct sex differences in metabolic measures.
    [Show full text]
  • Bifidobacterium Longum Subsp. Infantis CECT7210
    nutrients Article Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT7210 (B. infantis IM-1®) Displays In Vitro Activity against Some Intestinal Pathogens 1,2, 1,2, 1,2 3 Lorena Ruiz y, Ana Belén Flórez y , Borja Sánchez , José Antonio Moreno-Muñoz , Maria Rodriguez-Palmero 3, Jesús Jiménez 3 , Clara G. de los Reyes Gavilán 1,2 , Miguel Gueimonde 1,2 , Patricia Ruas-Madiedo 1,2 and Abelardo Margolles 1,2,* 1 Instituto de Productos Lácteos de Asturias (CSIC), P. Río Linares s/n, 33300 Villaviciosa, Spain; [email protected] (L.R.); abfl[email protected] (A.B.F.); [email protected] (B.S.); [email protected] (C.G.d.l.R.G.); [email protected] (M.G.); [email protected] (P.R.-M.) 2 Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), 33011 Oviedo, Spain 3 Laboratorios Ordesa S.L., Parc Científic de Barcelona, C/Baldiri Reixac 15-21, 08028 Barcelona, Spain; [email protected] (J.A.M.-M.); [email protected] (M.R.-P.); [email protected] (J.J.) * Correspondence: [email protected]; Tel.: +34-985-89-21-31 These authors contributed equally to this work. y Received: 31 July 2020; Accepted: 21 October 2020; Published: 24 October 2020 Abstract: Certain non-digestible oligosaccharides (NDO) are specifically fermented by bifidobacteria along the human gastrointestinal tract, selectively favoring their growth and the production of health-promoting metabolites. In the present study, the ability of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT7210 (herein referred to as B. infantis IM-1®) to utilize a large range of oligosaccharides, or a mixture of oligosaccharides, was investigated.
    [Show full text]
  • Low-Lactose Fermented Goat Milks with Bifidobacterium Animalis Ssp
    LOW-LACTOSE FERMENTED GOAT MILKS WITH BIFIDOBACTERIUM ANIMALIS SSP. LACTIS BB-12 Małgorzata Pawlos*1, Agata Znamirowska1, Maciej Kluz2, Katarzyna Szajnar1 and Magdalena Kowalczyk1 Address(es): 1 University of Rzeszow, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Department of Dairy Technology, Ćwiklińskiej 2D, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland, phone number: +48177854905. 2 University of Rzeszow, Faculty of Biology and Agriculture, Department of Bioenergetics and Food Analysis, Ćwiklińskiej 1, 35-601 Rzeszów, Poland. *Corresponding author: [email protected] doi: 10.15414/jmbfs.2020.9.4.751-755 ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Received 30. 5. 2019 Goat milk is a good carrier for probiotic bacteria and due to its specific composition is a high-quality material for manufacturing food Revised 6. 9. 2019 for certain sectors of the population with needs. Probiotic bacteria in fermented and unfermented milk products can be used to alleviate Accepted 11. 9. 2019 the clinical symptoms of lactose intolerance. The aim of this study was to develop a low-lactose probiotic fermented beverage prepared Published 3. 2. 2020 from goat’s milk and to evaluate the effect of prior lactose hydrolysis on the viability of Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis Bb-12, pH and total acidity, colour, textural and sensory parameters of these products. Results showed the influence of lactose hydrolysis on the acidity of fermented goat milk, colour, syneresis and the viability of bifidobacteria. The lactose hydrolysis of milk resulted a higher Regular article hardness in probiotic fermented goat milk. Moreover, the lactose-free probiotic fermented milk had a more distinct sweet taste than the control one and was characterized by a less sour flavour.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstract Daughtry, Katheryne Virginia
    ABSTRACT DAUGHTRY, KATHERYNE VIRGINIA. Phenotypic and Genotypic Characterization of Lactobacillus buchneri Strains Isolated from Spoiled Fermented Cucumber. (Under the direction of Dr. Rodolphe Barrangou and Dr. Suzanne D. Johanningsmeier). Lactobacillus buchneri is a facultative anaerobe and member of the lactic acid bacteria. L. buchneri has been isolated from various environments, but most commonly from decomposing plant material, such as silage and spoiled food products, including wine, beer, Swiss cheese, mayonnaise, and fermented cucumber. Recently, the metabolic pathway for the conversion of lactic acid to acetic acid and 1,2-propanediol was annotated in this species. Although this metabolic pathway is not common in most lactic acid bacteria, L. buchneri degrades lactate under various conditions. Lactic acid utilization in fermented cucumbers leads to a rise in pH, ultimately spoiling the product. In previous studies, strains of L. buchneri isolated from fermented cucumber spoiled displayed variation in colony morphologies. It was predicted the isolates were phenotypically and genotypically diverse, and that the abilities to degrade lactic acid may be strain specific. To examine this hypothesis, thirty-five L. buchneri cultures isolated from spoiled fermented cucumber and the type strain isolated from tomato pulp were characterized and unique strains were subjected to whole genome sequencing. Each isolate was genotypically and phenotypically characterized using 16S rDNA sequencing, DiversiLab® rep-PCR, colony morphology on MRS agar, carbohydrate profiling, growth rates in MRS media, and the ability to degrade lactic acid in a modified MRS medium. Great diversity in colony morphology revealed variations of color (ranging from opaque yellow to white), texture (brittle, viscous, or powdery), shape (umbonate, flat, circular, or irregular) and size (1 mm- 11mm).
    [Show full text]
  • The Human Milk Microbiome and Factors Influencing Its
    1 THE HUMAN MILK MICROBIOME AND FACTORS INFLUENCING ITS 2 COMPOSITION AND ACTIVITY 3 4 5 Carlos Gomez-Gallego, Ph. D. ([email protected])1; Izaskun Garcia-Mantrana, Ph. D. 6 ([email protected])2, Seppo Salminen, Prof. Ph. D. ([email protected])1, María Carmen 7 Collado, Ph. D. ([email protected])1,2,* 8 9 1. Functional Foods Forum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, Itäinen Pitkäkatu 4 A, 10 20014, Turku, Finland. Phone: +358 2 333 6821. 11 2. Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, National Research Council (IATA- 12 CSIC), Department of Biotechnology. Valencia, Spain. Phone: +34 96 390 00 22 13 14 15 *To whom correspondence should be addressed. 16 -IATA-CSIC, Av. Agustin Escardino 7, 49860, Paterna, Valencia, Spain. Tel. +34 963900022; 17 E-mail: [email protected] 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 1 1 SUMMARY 2 Beyond its nutritional aspects, human milk contains several bioactive compounds, such as 3 microbes, oligosaccharides, and other substances, which are involved in host-microbe 4 interactions and have a key role in infant health. New techniques have increased our 5 understanding of milk microbiota composition, but little data on the activity of bioactive 6 compounds and their biological role in infants is available. While the human milk microbiome 7 may be influenced by specific factors, including genetics, maternal health and nutrition, mode of 8 delivery, breastfeeding, lactation stage, and geographic location, the impact of these factors on 9 the infant microbiome is not yet known. This article gives an overview of milk microbiota 10 composition and activity, including factors influencing microbial composition and their 11 potential biological relevance on infants' future health.
    [Show full text]
  • Mismatch Between Probiotic Benefits in Trials Versus Food Products
    nutrients Article Mismatch between Probiotic Benefits in Trials versus Food Products Mary J. Scourboutakos 1, Beatriz Franco-Arellano 1, Sarah A. Murphy 1, Sheida Norsen 1, Elena M. Comelli 1,2,* and Mary R. L’Abbé 1,2,* 1 Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1E 3S1, Canada; [email protected] (M.J.S.); [email protected] (B.F.-A.); [email protected] (S.A.M.); [email protected] (S.N.) 2 Center for Child Nutrition and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M1E 3S1, Canada * Correspondence: [email protected] (E.M.C.); [email protected] (M.R.L.); Tel.: +1-416-978-6284 (E.M.C.); +1-416-978-7235 (M.R.L.) Received: 10 February 2017; Accepted: 6 April 2017; Published: 19 April 2017 Abstract: Probiotic food products contain a variety of different bacterial strains and may offer different health effects. The objective was to document the prevalence and dosage of probiotic strains in the Canadian food supply and to review the literature investigating these strains in order to understand what health benefits these products may offer. The Food Label Information Program was used to identify probiotic-containing products in the food supply. PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase were searched for randomized controlled trials that tested the health effects of these strains in humans. There were six probiotic strains/strain combinations identified in the food supply. Thirty-one studies investigated these strains and found that they are associated with decreased diarrhea and constipation, improved digestive symptoms, glycemic control, antioxidant status, blood lipids, oral health, and infant breastfeeding outcomes, as well as enhanced immunity and support for Helicobacter pylori eradication.
    [Show full text]
  • A Randomized, Double-Blind Clinical Trial
    DOI: 10.1590/0100-69912017006004 Original Article Perioperative synbiotics administration decreases postoperative infections in patients with colorectal cancer: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial A administração perioperatória de simbióticos em pacientes com câncer colorretal reduz a incidência de infecções pós-operatórias: ensaio clínico randomizado duplo-cego ALINE TABORDA FLESCH1; STAEL T. TONIAL1; PAULO DE CARVALHO CONTU1; DANIEL C. DAMIN1. ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the effect of perioperative administration of symbiotics on the incidence of surgical wound infection in patients undergoing surgery for colorectal cancer. Methods: We conducted a randomized clinical trial with colorectal cancer patients undergoing elective surgery, randomly assigned to receive symbiotics or placebo for five days prior to the surgical procedure and for 14 days after surgery. We studied 91 patients, 49 in the symbiotics group (Lactobacillus acidophilus 108 to 109 CFU, Lactobacillus rhamnosus 108 to 109 CFU, Lactobacillus casei 108 to 109 CFU, Bifi dobacterium 108 to 109 CFU and fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS) 6g) and 42 in the placebo group. Results: surgical site infection occurred in one (2%) patient in the symbiotics group and in nine (21.4%) patients in the control group (p=0.002). There were three cases of intraabdominal abscess and four cases of pneumonia in the control group, whereas we observed no infections in patients receiving symbiotics (p=0.001). Conclusion: the perioperative administration of symbiotics significantly reduced postoperative infection rates in patients with colorectal cancer. Additional studies are needed to confirm the role of symbiotics in the surgical treatment of colorectal cancer. Keywords: Synbiotics. Infection. Colorectal Surgery. Colorectal Neoplasms. Clinical Trial. INTRODUCTION an important reservoir for commensal microorganisms, the use of symbiotics in colorectal surgery is controver- espite the recent advances in colorectal surgery, sial10-12.
    [Show full text]