Extension service Centre, SSW, Roshni Nilaya in partnership with Ullal City Municipality

Block placement study project; 2017-18

‘Good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina , and Udupi’

Waste management model of MattanurCMC in ,

1. Why this case study The citizen’s apathy towards recycling waste at household and commercial establishment’s level was the challenge for the waste management system in Ullal CMC, a coastal city near to which has been making a humble effort towards achieving goal of ‘Zero waste management’ by 2020. The gradual increase in the quantum of waste transported to the land fill site in Vamanjoor is alarming. How to sensitise the citizens to ‘reduce, reuse and recycle wastes and adopt a sustainable zero waste management practice was the major concern. The ‘Swatcha Bharath Mission’ programme has triggered many initiatives which lead to study some of the good initiatives by the Local self Governments in coastal towns. So, the Extension Service Centre of SSWRN in partnership with CMC Ullal initiated the study of good practices of sustainable waste management in coastal districts of Udupi, DK and Kannur districts. Hence, this study. Each of these good practices have been documented and analysed from the sustainability point of view. The key parameters taken to assess the sustainability of each of the good practices from the point of the political support, Social acceptability, economically viable and Environment friendly factors.

2. Background of

The area has a typical midland character of Kerala with undulating terrain mainly used for dry agriculture activities. The town is located at the foothills of the western shoulders of the . Thalasseri–Coorg road (SH30) passes through Mattanur Municipal Town.

Mattanur is famous for its "Kavu" where ancient folk rituals called are performed during the months of January to April. Another famous situated near Mattannur is "Mattannur Juma Masjid" this is one of the biggest & most famous Masjid in Kannur District. Mattanur is famous for its players of the ethnic drum called . Mattanur Panchavadya

1 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of , Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18

Sangham, which is a troupe that plays another classical percussion ensemble called , also hails from this place.

3. Profile of Mattanur City Municipal Council

A Profile of LSG Mattanur , Kerala 1 Geography and location 11° 52' 34" and 11° 58' 51" North latitudes and 74° 32' 24" and 75° 37' 38" East longitudes 2 LSG Type City Municipal Council Wards 35 3 Population ( 2011 Census) 47,000 Growth rate 6.23 4 Projected Pop; 2018 60,000 House Holds 12,300 5 Male Female sex ratio 1028 6 Major communities (%) Hindus , Muslims and Christians 7 Literacy; M/F 82% ( 85% M & 79% F) 8 Density of Population 869 per sq km. 9 Area Sq 54.15km 10 Political stability CP I M ( last 25 years

4. Governance Scenario Mattanur municipality is being ruled by the Communist Party of (Marxist) lead front from the time it was formed. CPIM have strong presence in the entire municipality and the surrounding villages also. Mattanur was a Municipal face from 1995 onwards; the first chairman Shri N. Mukundan Master leads Mattanur to a new way to modern time. Ms. Anitha Venu is the current chairman of the Municipal Council and she belongs to the Left party. There are 35 elected members in the council. All together there are 45 staffs in CMC of which 28 belong to Health and sanitation department (14 regular 14 substitutes working on daily wages). There are three Field level junior health functionaries monitoring the 35 wards.

5. Waste management scenario before Swatcha Bharath Mission (SBM) The waste management system was started in the year . Mattanur town like all cities had a very poor waste disposal history, being a town located in the route; SH30 in the Tallasherry-Coorg had perennial problem of waste disposal by tourists and people on transit as well as the Commercial establishments such as Hotels and marriage halls. Municipality had placed dust bins in which all sorts of waste were dumped as un-segregated wastes. Municipality, used to just dump them in its dumping yard at ‘Karithur parambu’ established way back in 1995. Interestingly, then municipality during that period had forethought the need for keeping this space exclusively for waste management activities and had passed a rule to restrict residential development within 750 mts around this dumping yard.

2 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18

B Sanitation details Status as on June 2018 1 IHHL:12,300 100% coverage 2 Public toilets : 2 One at Bus stand and Market; Both managed throughout sourced agencies 3 UGD coverage % All the HH and CE such as hotels and Hospitals etc., are using the sewage pit system. However, CMC is providing the tank collection trucks ( model) Most of these CE manage sewage 4 Sewage Treatment Plants(STP) The Proposal under SBM is being proposed for state of the art STP Plant at the estimated cost of Rs. 3.00 Crore is in the pipe line 5 Total Waste disposed per day 30 TPD 6 Waste collected 6o% (18 TPD) 7 Waste processed per day 3 TPD

6. Practices of waste management at Household level The wastes management system followed in the Mattanur municipality at two levels. i.e., from House Hold (HH) level and from b) Town level. At HH level, out of the total 12,300 HH about 3000 have been covered under the concrete bin composte system for treating bio degradable waste at the source. The production of concrete bins is assigned to RAIDCO1 . KIAL under its CSR has granted Rs.1.35 Crore for the project to treat garbage at source and about 6,000 houses in the municipality would benefit from the project. Concrete ring compost, pipe compost, and biogas plants would be granted as part of the project,’2 It is estimated that the remaining concrete bins to 7000 HH will be provided with in 6 months period. All the bio degradable wastes at HH level are treated through the twin concrete bin system. These bins cost 2500/per unit but Municipality has subsidised them and are selling at Rs. 120/- per piece to the HH’s as user fee. The non-bio degradable wastes such as; plastics, bottles etc., are collected by the members of Haritha Karma Sena3 once in month and collect a user fee of Rs. 30/-per HH. Municipality also arranges to collect the Gujri items once in 6 months from HH. The collected materials are transported to the waste processing yard by the municipality truck. Secondly, about 350 bio gas plants are given to those households involved in dairying and Agriculture. The bio energy is used for cooking and the cow dung slurry is converted in to bio manure. Every ward has trained one of the HKS member as a green technician for bio gas units and they collect R.50/- towards user fee.

1 Regional Agro Industrial Development cooperative of Kerala 2 The Hindu Mattannur town on the verge of development FEBRUARY 29, 2016 00:00 IST

3 Haritha Karma Sena is a professional team consisting of Green Technicians and Green Supervisors mainly Kudumbashree Women who will be assigned with the responsibility of collection, transportation, processing, recycling / disposal, and management of waste materials in association with respective LSGs and Suchithwa Mission.

3 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18

7. Sustainability factors Secondly, the household level collection of dry waste items (3hours per day) of work and 10 days work fetches those volunteers an average monthly income of 12,000/- has an key sustainability factors such as; social acceptability and economic viability. HKS members are selected by the neighbourhood committee (NC) headed by the ward member. So every NC will have one HKS volunteer in charge of 20/30 HH and about 12/15 KHKS in each ward who will take care of the waste management of their respective NC and the ward in a decentralised manner. The role of HKS is very critical in both collection as well as creating mass awareness in their NC and their wards. Interaction with the HH members in Mattanur confirmed the high level of citizen awareness about what, why and how of waste and implications on health for violating the rules and practices.

8. Practices of waste management at Commercial establishment level Mattanur town has about 36 hotels, 6 hospitals and 1826 commercial establishments and it generates wastes up to 30 TPD. So, the average of 2KG PD of degradable wastes generated in Mattanur CMC area (includes HH and CE wastes). The town waste management system has a regular waste collection a) sweeper waste and b) Segregated waste from the commercial establishments (bio-degradable and non bio degradable waste). The market wastes are collected by the Kudumbashree groups4 daily. The town waste collection work starts at 7.00 am till 11 am (approximately 3/3.30hrs) and one member earn an average income of 7-12K per month. Interestingly, the CBO’s (KS) are authorised to collect the user fee by the Municipality at a variable rate depending on the quantity of waste disposed by the commercial units. The wet waste such as; flowers , vegitables, fruits and chicken collected amounts to 3TPD and it is transported to the processing site and processed in to composte in aerobic method by introducing decomposing agent (microbes) and converted in to manure using windrow screen method. The composte manure is sold at Rs. 10 per Kg. There are two KS groups working for collection and segregation of wastes in the city and monitoring of their work is being managed by a regular CMC worker. He/ She also monitors the maintainece of two (2) public toilets located at Bus stop and market place out sourced to private agencies.

The average quantum of Non-bio degradable wastes such as plastic bags, bottles ar e segregated and collected by HKS and KS groups from HH level and commercial establishments. It is regularly transported to the waste processing yard at Karithur parambu once in a month for shredding sold at Rs. 22/-per Kg through MRFL Company in Kerala. The man power usage is kept at minimal (one/two CMC staff ) and they manage the entire operation

4 Kudumbashree is the poverty eradication and women empowerment programme implemented by the State Poverty Eradication Mission (SPEM) of the . The name Kudumbashree in language means ‘prosperity of the family’. The name represents ‘Kudumbashree Mission’ or SPEM as well as the Kudumbashree Community Network. What is commonly referred to as ‘Kudumbashree’ could mean either the Kudumbashree Community Network, or the Kudumbashree Mission, or both.

4 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18 of bio manure production as well as shredding of plastic bags and bottles on regular basis.

8.3. LPG fired crematorium This is one more environment friendly initiative of Mattanur Municipality and futuristic from the point to stop indiscriminate felling of trees for cremation in years to come. This LPG fired cremation unit works on 8 LPG cylinders and up to 9 dead bodies can be cremated. The cremation charges for the local residents is Rs. 2500/- and rate is Rs.3000/- for outsiders of Mattanur municipality limits. The LPG fired crematorium has been constructed at the cost of Rs. 60 lakhs and 50% grant the funds are received from the Kerala Suchithwa Mission (SBM) while the remaining 50% of the funds are borne by the Municipality planned fund. This unit is managed by one municipality staff.

9. Policies by government and enforcement practices by LSG 1. The Kerala Municipal Act 1994 , clause ‘340’ authorises the Municipality to prosecute the defaulters for littering 2. Clause 447 authorises the municipality to apply the licensing condition for commercial establishments 3. Clause 440 authorises the municipality to the action for Public nuisance and issue show cause notices to the defaulters up to Rs. 2000/- However, the Municipality can charge the CE up to 15 to 25 thousand rupees towards ‘removal charges’. 4. Burning of plastic is strictly prohibited as per the Kerala Municipal waste management Act 1994 and defaulters are fined heavily. 5. Most importantly, they were also able to completely stop the sale and use of plastic bags below 50 microns by all its commercial establishments through imposing heavy penalty5 is well appreciated across Kerala. o To promote reduction in use of plastic bags, the municipality has promoted the concept of ‘Big Shopper bags’ (foldable cotton shopping bags) to all the HH to use them for shopping regularly. 6. The Municipality Health Inspectors have gone to the extent of fining the CE’s as well as cancelling of trade licence for violation as per the plastic monitoring rules ( 2014/16) 7. The HH level violation and indulging in plastic burning are severely dealt with levying of fines up to Rs. 2000- 8,000/- The Mattanur council itself has passed resolutions to this effect and have collected huge amount from fines. 8. The municipality strictly prohibits the use of thermocol, plastic plates and paper foils in marriage functions. Instead, promotes use of steel plates and tumblers. Hence, o The local Kudumbashree groups now provide steel plates and glasses on hire for Rs. 5/- per set of plate and glass for marriage and other public functions. It includes cleaning charges of the plates and glasses after the use.

5 Rajashekher, Health Inspector, Mattanur, CMC; the violation of plastic use directive attracts fine up to 15,000 to 30,000/-. Moreover, the second time defaulter’s trade licenses are cancelled. 5 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18

9. Municipality has created a night squad of youth to patrol the high ways and important locations in city to counter the indiscriminate disposal of waste during night times by tourists passing by the city. These squad co-ordinates with the police department to take action on the defaulters. o Even the CMC waste carrier vehicle driver is found handing over some documentary proof found in the waste disposed on the road side causing public nuisance. Health Inspector informed that such evidences help the CMC to identify actual defaulters and make them pay fine. o A barber shop was issued notice for disposing of its waste in public and levied fine up to 5000/- for refusing to acknowledge the act. However, gave a apology letter to CMC and reduction in the quantum of fine amount which was obliged and reduced to Rs. 2000/- o An Auto garage was fined 25,000/- for disposing its debris and creating nuisance for the public and later on the owner approached the court for redressal but it took more than two years and eventually the business had to be closed down. 10. The Mattanur CMC has evolved its own compliance method such as, giving sufficient time to respond to the notice and demanding compliance so that the Municipality action can with stand the court of law.

10. Role of CBO’s in management of Municipal waste

According to the Kerala Suchitwa Mission Mattanur CMC is one of the best models striving towards zero waste management in Kerala state. People from across the state come here to study how LSG is successful in bringing about the much desired behavioural change among its citizens to segregate and manage waste at HH level successfully. The striking feature of the Mattanur initiative is the critical role played by the women members of Kudumbashree groups6 (KSG). The health inspector, Rajashekar is candid about their role is waste management. According to him women play a key role in educating the household members and it is where the awareness should start’. There are various versions of KSG in Mattanur municipality waste management programme. The Haritha karma Sena volunteers at every neighbourhood group (one HKS volunteer for every 20/30 HH) will have a HKS and every Ward has 12/15 HKS and they are the real grass root workers critical for the success of the waste management process. They are one who are engaged in waste collection and facilitate transportation at ward level and most importantly, spreading awareness on key development issues. They get paid for their services. These HKS volunteers are authorised to collect user fee from the HH and Commercial establishments as well.

Similarly, the ‘Kudumbashree volunteers’ are also called as ‘Clean Kerala Volunteers’ (Blue saree) are engaged in Mattanur cities for waste collection, segregation and facilitate transporting the wastes to

6 Kudumbashree, a community organization of Self Help Groups (SHG's) of women in Kerala, has been recognized as an effective strategy for the empowerment of women in rural as well as urban areas: bringing women together from all spheres of life to fight for their rights or for empowerment. The overall empowerment of women is closely linked to economic empowerment. Women through these NHGs work on a range of issues such as health, nutrition, agriculture, etc. besides income generation activities and seeking micro credit. Kudumbashree differs from conventional programmes in that it perceives poverty not just as the deprivation of money, but also as the deprivation of basic rights. The poor need to find a collective voice to help claim these rights. The grassroots of Kudumbashree are Neighbourhood Groups (NHG in short) that send representatives to the ward level Area Development Societies (ADS). The ADS sends its representatives to the Community Development Society (CDS), which completes the unique three-tier structure of Kudumbashree. Today, there are 2.77 lakhs NHGs, over 19,854 ADSs and 1073 CDSs in Kudumbashree. It is this network that brings women to the Grama Sabhas and helps them bring the needs of the poor to the attention of the local governments 6 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18 waste processing site. The major part of the wet waste from the city for bio manure production and plastic bags and bottles to the shredding unit. They are authorised to collect the user fee for their services from the commercial establishments and market traders regularly. These groups work very closely with the Health Inspectors and ward level elected members. They have their roles and responsibilities in the waste management programme. These groups are not in the pay role of CMC but manage their affairs quite independently. Each volunteers work for 3 hours daily and for 10 days and their monthly income is between 7 to 12 thousand rupees. CMC does extend an advance amount to manage the salary to the volunteers in the name of ‘Viability fund’.

It is interesting to see how well these CBO’s get along with the elected reps and in carrying out waste management process seamlessly. It may be because of the close proximity with which they work with the local community is very important for the political career of the ward members. It may be because of these volunteers may also be the grass root workers of an ideology. The commitment with which they understand the issues and hard work they put is exemplary. The political will of the elected body in Mattanur CMC seems very cohesive and it has the history of Left dominated being in power over a long period. The current president (Ms. Anitha Venu) is very active person and has a very good rapport with the CBO’s who are key partners in the sustainable waste management model of Mattanur. The political party affiliations of most of the functionaries seem to be the important binding factor in achieving a higher benchmark in ‘Zero waste management’ in Mattanur.

11.Way forward towards Mattanur towards achieving bench mark in ‘Zero Waste Management

Mattanur body is now striving to achieve the goal of ‘zero waste management’ (ZWM) as a bench mark for cleanliness and everyone is talking about it in the municipality during the study visit. The Municipal council has accepted the state Suchithwa Mission’s proposal of achieving ‘zero waste management model’ and has decided to pilot it in the selected ten7 wards based on specific criteria. According to Mr. Rajashekar, the health Inspector of Mattanur, CMC,” our aim is to achieve the bench mark and we have selected wards based on high health risk criteria such as; a) high incidence of communicable diseases like; malaria, dengue and leprosy b) high density of migrating population having poor sanitation practices.” Reasoning the criteria, The Secretary, Mr. Sureshan.M says “if we can achieve the bench mark in the high health risk area, then it is easy to ensure the zero waste management in rest of the wards having less health issues. A systematic approach is being initiated in these selected wards; a scientific approach, with collection of blood smear of the population, fogging, waste management in areas where high density of migrant families reside are being covered in the base line. This is a 12 months programme and KSM directly places coordinator (MSW) to monitor the interventions in these selected wards. Ms. Ramya, Anganwadi teacher and secretary and Ms. Usha , the president of the HKS group opines that the zero waste management value concepts is being introduced among the small children at an early stage at the centres and schools itself and it is very heartening to see how they practice in segregating the chocolate

7 The wards having high health risk due to poor waste management practices include; 10,17,25,26,27,28,29,30,31 and 32 7 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18 wrappers separately in a box and we found practicing it at home. The overall ambience in Mattanur CMC is in a very upbeat and every functionary at the council as well as the CBO’s seemed optimistic to achieve the goal is what Ms. Roza, the Asst health Inspector and Mr. Rajashekar, the Health Inspector says.; The immediate plans in the pipeline include;

a) The Sewage Treatment Plant (STP) has been approved and will be constructed in the Mattanur town at the cost of 3.00 Crore in partnership with SWM project of Government of India. Rs. 75 Lakh has been earmarked by the municipality for the same. b) Municipality is working on a 3 tonne chicken waste based processing unit and the proposal has been approved on 50% basis. The remaining funds are borne out of the planned fund of the municipality

12. Analysis of Mattanur CMC waste management model from sustainable angle

The case study of Mattanur, CMC is assessed on the sustainability angle in the context of today’s market driven economy because of the current focus on the economic returns rather than change in human behaviour and the environmental concerns of fauna and flora. Our society seem to conveniently forgetting to question the wasteful behavior in human and greed for accumulating materials and not understanding the zero waste management concepts which Gandhi proposed as ecological principles of environmental harmony, economic efficiency, resource conservation, self reliance and respect equity with social justice.. The basic principles of Yogic practices in ecology, environment and sustainable resources use have to be emulated in our daily lives. Hence, the Mattanur initiative is analysed from the point of sustainable angle on four parameters espoused by Gandhi and others philosophers for a sustainable development. They are ; a) political support for the initiative in terms of ideological stand b) the social factors such as; community awareness and ownership of the initiative by institutions c) the Economical viability such as financial viability and cost benefiters and d) focus on environmental concerns. The Mattanur case study is assessed based on the above parameters through study visits and interactions with primary and secondary data sources and discussion with key functionaries, CBO’s, House hold members and physical verification of the processing units on 4th of June 2018. The findings of the assessment is intended to guide the current practices of waste management in coastal region and help practitioners and Local self government to adapt models to achieve the zero waste management goals.

The political angle in waste management in Mattanur; The LSG has been represented by a single party ideology and rule since the last 25 years and this has given a stability and strong political commitment for its developmental vision and approaches. a) A strong political will to reach the goal.  The LSG from the last 25 years in Mattanur was very much focussed on sanitation programmes in the municipality.  The elected representatives keenly monitored the public cleanliness and ensured the higher bench mark as far as cleanliness of the ward is concerned. 8 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18

b) The developing a cadre based organisation structure of youth (especially of women) at HH level or ward level is very critical.  Haritha Karma Sena (HKS) volunteers (CBO’s) interface with 20/30 HH in a neighbourhood on awareness and legal implications of violating the waste disposal laws and decisions of the CMC regularly.  The ward councillor, the chairperson of the ‘Suchithwa ward committee’ and he/she leads by example in matters of waste management practices in her ward.  Role clarity between the CMC and CBO’s is transparent and clear with mutual respect. All key issues w.r.t. working hours, the salary and processes of waste, user fee collection and tariff fixing from HH as well as from the commercial and industrial establishments are mutually discussed and finalised.

c) A democratic environment providing equal opportunity for decision making process;  Though Mattanur enjoyed a majority political party in power, but the CMC council would discuss issues related to waste management and consult the beaurecrats on technical matters such as legal provisions and implications.  The people’s representatives would not interfere in implementing the decisions of the body through its executive body (Secretary, Health Inspectors) in collection of user fee and collecting fines for violating the rules of waste disposal and management practices.

The social angle include the mobilising strong community based group and citizens through communication strategies such as; movement, campaign through formal or in formal method; a) A clear cut goal is required to build a committed cadre for waste management b) Cadre development is a standard practice and women involvement in waste management initiatives is most likely to succeed.  HKS volunteers at neighbourhood level provide awareness and collect Non-bio degradable waste at HH level once in month and half yearly(scrap waste)  KSG involved in processing the segregated waste disposed by commercial shops and industrial establishments and awareness to citizens. c) Identifying key issues for mass awareness and student , youth participation is the key ;  ‘Ban single use plastic ball point pens ’ movement involving students of 23 schools estimated to be disposing 7 lakh single use plastic pens as waste is likely to get attention of all student and citizens in Mattanur.  Use of Posters to make the students aware on do’s and don’ts on waste disposal  Piloting ‘zero waste wards’ in 10 wards with high risk of health due to poor sanitation indicators such as communicable diseases (dengue) and poor sanitation practices by the migrating population.  Involving education and religious institutions in mass awareness  ‘Citizens are responsible for their waste’;

9 ‘Study of good waste management practices in coastal districts of Dakshina Kannada, Kannur and Udupi’–ESC SSWRN &Ullal CMC; 2017-18

The economic angle: The Social and economic cost benefit of the waste management practices. The study indicates that; a) Commercial opportunities can be explored; b) Direct remuneration and good revenue; Rs. 22/- per Kg for shredded plastic, Rs. 10/- Kg for Bio Manure, Rs. 2500/- for cremation per dead body. About 9 dead bodies can be cremated by using 8 LPG cylinders. c) Work efficiency is more; 3 hours per day and 10 days per month can fetch 6/7K per month. The viability funds advanced to CBO’s for the first six months (Kudumbhashree) to meet their Honororium which will be recouped out of the user free collection. d) Levy’s and fines for violation of the municipality rules; e) Segregation process at source; such as; degradable waste, bio degradable waste and non-bio degradable waste and sanitary waste. Hence, saves on human labour and economical. Wet wastes are processed on daily basis while non –bio degradable waste collected once in a month. f) The Swatcha Bharath Abhiyan( Mission) policy guidelines and grants helps the CMC to achieve targets in areas of Individual toilets ; Out of the total 12,300 HH in Mattanur Municipal area grants to complete the remaining 58 HH to construct them.  Two public toilets; one at Bus stand and the other at the Market is by the municipality and its management is outsourced to companies through tendering process and it is running smoothly and user fee is collected ( Rs.5/- toilet and Rs. 2/- for urinals) g) The other projects which have received 50% grants include;  LPG fired crematorium, 3 TPD chicken waste manure production plant and 2 Crore worth STP in Mattanur Town.  Green Kerala provides the marketing support for the recycled materials such as; shredded plastic and e-waste

The Environmental Angle; Higher the environment consciousness higher the practice in sustaining the environment. h) Segregation of waste at source is possible through effective awareness to key stakeholders on its consequences for human beings and environment. i) Target specific approach for treating different types of waste at source  The twin concrete bin system provided to each HH resulted in 100% recycling of wet waste in to bio manure  Segregation of non-bio degradable waste such as; plastic bags, bottles etc. segregation and collection by HKS volunteers every month.  The sanitary wastes are incinerating at HH level.

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 Sustainable waste management is possible through benchmarking a scientific approach. The high health risk wards identified on the criteria of 1) High floating population and unhygienic sanitation practices 2) Incidence of communicable diseases such as dengue and Malaria 3) Poor waste disposal practices  The ten (10) wards identified for ‘zero waste management’ programme are; 13, 17,25,26,27,28,29,30,31 and 32. All these are high risk wards.  LPG fired crematorium is being set up in the Municipality to reduce the environment pollution by controlling emission to environment as well as use of fire wood. j) The environmentally hazardous wastes are scientifically treated and recycled;  The proposal to establish a 3 TPD chicken waste manure plant  Treatment of UGD sewage through STP k) The National, State and district level policies on environment safety is supportive of Local self governments to implement sustainable waste management initiatives;  The Kerala Municipal Act 1994 and Plastic Monitoring Rules (PMR) of 2014 and 2016  The ‘Swatch survekshan’ ratings of ULB’s across the nation  Kerala Suchithwa Mission; and District Suchithwa mission provides lot of fillip to LSG’s  Green Kerala organisation provides vender support for recycled products.

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