Journal of Clinical Review & Case Reports
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Back Pain: an Assessment in Breast Hypertrophy Patients
ORIGINAL ARTICLE BACK PAIN: AN ASSESSMENT IN BREAST HYPERTROPHY PATIENTS PAULO MAGALHÃES FERNANDES1, MIGUEL SABINO NETO2, DANIELA FRANCESCATO VEIGA3, LUIS EDUARDODUARDO FELIPE ABLABLA4, CARLOS DELANO ARAÚJO MUNDIM 5, YARAARA JULIANOULIANO6,� LYDIAYDIA MASAKOASAKO FERREIRAERREIRA7 SUMMARY used in order to evaluate the magnitude of back pain and Objective – To evaluate the influence of breast hypertrophy on the limitations arising from these symptoms. Results – The the incidence of back pain and how much they can interfere in mean age of the patients in the study group was 32.2 years patients’ daily activities. Methods – This was a cross-sectional and 32.7 for the control group. The scores in the NRS scale analytic study in patients examined at the Outpatient Ortho- and Roland- Morris Questionnaire were higher in the study pedics and Plastic Surgery Departments at Samuel Libânio group when compared to the control group. Conclusion – The University Hospital in Pouso Alegre, MG. 100 women were results achieved showed that back pain is more severe and examined, 50 presenting breast hypertrophy (study group) determined more extensive limitations in the daily activities and 50 with normal breast size (control group). Breasts were for patients presenting breast hypertrophy. classified according to Sacchini’s criteria. The Numerical Ra- ting Scale (NRS) and the Roland-Morris questionnaire were Keywords: Back pain; Quality of life; Neck pain; Breast. Citation: Fernandes PM, Sabino Neto M, Veiga DF, Abla LEF, Mundim CDA, Juliano Y et al. Back pain: an assessment in breast hypertrophy patients. Acta Ortop Bras. [serial on the Internet]. 2007; 15(4): 227-230. Available from URL: http://www.scielo.br/aob. -
FAQ026 -- Benign Breast Problems and Conditions
AQ The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists FREQUENTLY ASKED QUESTIONS FAQ026 fGYNECOLOGIC PROBLEMS Benign Breast Problems and Conditions • What is breast tissue made of? • What kinds of changes occur in breast tissue throughout life? • What are benign breast problems? • What are fibrocystic breast changes? • Is there treatment for fibrocystic breast changes? • What are breast cysts? • How are breast cysts treated? • What are fibroadenomas? • How are fibroadenomas treated? • What is mastitis? • How is mastitis treated? • What should I do if I find a lump in my breast? • What is mammography? • What happens if a suspicious lump or area is found during a routine screening mammogram? • What happens if the results of the follow-up tests to my routine screening tests are abnormal? • Glossary What is breast tissue made of? Your breasts are made up of glands, fat, and fibrous tissue. Each breast has 15–20 sections called lobes. Each lobe has many smaller lobules. The lobules end in dozens of tiny glands that can produce milk. What kinds of changes occur in breast tissue throughout life? Your breasts respond to changes in levels of the hormones estrogen and progesterone during your menstrual cycle, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and menopause. Hormones cause a change in the amount of fluid in the breasts. This may make the breasts feel more sensitive or painful. You may notice changes in your breasts if you use hormonal contraception such as birth control pills or hormone therapy. What are benign breast problems? Benign breast problems are breast problems that are not cancerous. There are four common benign breast problems: 1. -
Breast Infection
Breast infection Definition A breast infection is an infection in the tissue of the breast. Alternative Names Mastitis; Infection - breast tissue; Breast abscess Causes Breast infections are usually caused by a common bacteria found on normal skin (Staphylococcus aureus). The bacteria enter through a break or crack in the skin, usually the nipple. The infection takes place in the parenchymal (fatty) tissue of the breast and causes swelling. This swelling pushes on the milk ducts. The result is pain and swelling of the infected breast. Breast infections usually occur in women who are breast-feeding. Breast infections that are not related to breast-feeding must be distinguished from a rare form of breast cancer. Symptoms z Breast pain z Breast lump z Breast enlargement on one side only z Swelling, tenderness, redness, and warmth in breast tissue z Nipple discharge (may contain pus) z Nipple sensation changes z Itching z Tender or enlarged lymph nodes in armpit on the same side z Fever Exams and Tests In women who are not breast-feeding, testing may include mammography or breast biopsy. Otherwise, tests are usually not necessary. Treatment Self-care may include applying moist heat to the infected breast tissue for 15 to 20 minutes four times a day. Antibiotic medications are usually very effective in treating a breast infection. You are encouraged to continue to breast-feed or to pump to relieve breast engorgement (from milk production) while receiving treatment. Outlook (Prognosis) The condition usually clears quickly with antibiotic therapy. Possible Complications In severe infections, an abscess may develop. Abscesses require more extensive treatment, including surgery to drain the area. -
Spectrum of Breast Disorders in a Pediatric Surgery Clinic: Retrospective Study
Article ID: WMC003775 ISSN 2046-1690 Spectrum of Breast Disorders in A Pediatric Surgery Clinic: Retrospective Study Corresponding Author: Dr. Atilla Senayli, Assistant Prof., Pediatric Surgery, Yildirim Beyazit University - Turkey Submitting Author: Dr. Atilla Senayli, Assistant Prof., Pediatric Surgery, Yildirim Beyazit University - Turkey Article ID: WMC003775 Article Type: Original Articles Submitted on:26-Oct-2012, 05:59:39 AM GMT Published on: 26-Oct-2012, 06:25:34 PM GMT Article URL: http://www.webmedcentral.com/article_view/3775 Subject Categories:PAEDIATRIC SURGERY Keywords:Breast; Disorders; Children How to cite the article:Senayli A, Karaveliolu A , Koseoglu B , Akln M , Ozguner I . Spectrum of Breast Disorders in A Pediatric Surgery Clinic: Retrospective Study . WebmedCentral PAEDIATRIC SURGERY 2012;3(10):WMC003775 Copyright: This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License(CC-BY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Source(s) of Funding: None Competing Interests: None WebmedCentral > Original Articles Page 1 of 7 WMC003775 Downloaded from http://www.webmedcentral.com on 26-Oct-2012, 06:25:34 PM Spectrum of Breast Disorders in A Pediatric Surgery Clinic: Retrospective Study Author(s): Senayli A, Karaveliolu A , Koseoglu B , Akln M , Ozguner I Abstract Paediatricians must pay attention to breast disorders that may be seen at any paediatric age group. (1). Objective: There are a limited and inadequate data Although most of the diseases are benign as a fact, for breast diseases in children. This may be because the possibility of malignancy can never be ignored of low importance expectations of practitioners' for (1-3). -
Plugged Duct Or Mastitis
Treatment Tips: Plugged Duct or Mastitis Signs & Symptoms of a Plugged Duct While breastfeeding: • Breastfeed on the affected breast first; if it hurts too • A plugged duct usually appears gradually, in one much to do this, switch to the affected breast directly breast only (although the location may shift). after let-down. • A hard lump or wedge-shaped area of engorgement • Ensure good positioning and latch. Use whatever is usually present in the vicinity of the plug. It may feel positioning is most comfortable and/or allows the tender, hot, swollen or look reddened. plugged area to be massaged. • Occasionally you will notice only localized tenderness • Use breast compressions. or pain, without an obvious lump or area of • Massage gently but firmly from the plugged area engorgement. toward the nipple. • A low-grade fever (less than 101.3°F / 38.5°C) is • Try breastfeeding while leaning over baby so that occasionally--but not usually--present. gravity aids in dislodging the plug. • The plugged area is typically more painful before a feeding and less tender/less lumpy/smaller after. After breastfeeding: • Breastfeeding on the affected side may be painful, • Pump or hand express after breastfeeding to aid milk particularly at letdown. drainage and speed healing. • Milk supply & pumping output from the affected • Use cold compresses (ice packs over a layer of cloth) breast may decrease temporarily. between feedings for pain and inflammation. • After a plugged duct or mastitis has resolved, it is common for redness and/or tenderness (a “bruised” feeling) to persist for a week or so afterwards. Do not decrease or stop breastfeeding, as this increases your risk of complications (including abscess). -
Multiple Nodules of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH) in a Menacme Patient: a Case Report
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Cadernos Espinosanos (E-Journal) Rev Med (São Paulo). 2017;96(Suppl. 1):1-35. Awards of the XXXVI COMU 2017. Multiple nodules of Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH) in a menacme patient: a case report Academic authors: Matheus Belloni Torsani Academic advisors: Gabriela Boufelli de Freitas, Edmund Chada Baracat, José Roberto Filassi, Sergio Masili-Oku Introduction: Pseudoangiomatous Stromal Hyperplasia (PASH) is a rare benign proliferating breast condition. It was first described in 1986 and less than 200 cases have been described ever since in the English literature. In the majority of cases, PASH is an incidental histological finding, but it can also be found in the physical examination as one typical single nodule (palpable, circumscribed, non-hemorrhagic), mostly on pre-menopausal women. It is frequently misdiagnosed as a fibroadenoma. PASH’s etiology remains unclear, although it is related to different benign breast entities. Objectives: This report aims to describe a case of multiple PASH nodules in a 31-year-old woman, its diagnosis and management. Case report: VSS, female, 31 years old, previously healthy, presented with increased right breast volume (swelling) for the last six months. She denied local pain and fever at the spot. When examined, right breast was bigger than the left one and showed discrete hyperemia. There were neither palpable nodules on the breasts nor axillary lymph nodes. The attending physician ruled the diagnosis as mastitis and prescribed clyndamicin for 7 days. He also ordered an ultrasound for complementary information. The exam result (ACR BI-RADS: 2) showed swelling, simple cysts (the biggest one measured 1.2 cm) and confirmed the diagnostic hypothesis for the right breast. -
Nipple Discharge
Nipple Discharge BBSG – Brazilian Breast Study Group Definition and Epidemiology Nipple discharge is a drainage of intraductal fluid through the nipple outside puer- peral pregnant cycle. It’s responsible for almost 5–10% of breast complaints in out patient clinic. Milk secretion is called galactorrhea and non-milk secretion is called telorrhea. Between 60% and 80% of women will have papillary flow throughout their life, more common during menacme, but when it is present in elderly patients, the prob- ability of neoplastic origin increases. About 90–95% of cases have benign origin. Pathophysiology It can be caused by factors that are specific to the mammary gland, both intraductal and extraductal, or by extramammary factors related to the control of milk produc- tion (Tables 1 and 2). 1. Intraductal: inherent to the inner wall of the duct Epithelial proliferations (papillomas, adenomas, hyperplasia, etc.) Intraductal infections (galactophoritis) Intraductal neoplasm with necrosis 2. Extraductal: pathologies that can partially disrupt the intra ductal epithelium and cause nipple discharge Malignant neoplasms Infections Other pathologies BBSG – Brazilian Breast Study Group (*) BBSG, Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2019 143 G. Novita et al. (eds.), Breast Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-13636-9_14 144 BBSG – Brazilian Breast Study Group Table 1 Main medicines associated to galactorrhea Pharmacological class Medicines Hormones Estrogens, oral contraceptives, thyroid hormones Psychotropic Risperidone, clomipramine, -
Juvenile Breast Hypertrophy
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Via Medica Journals ONLINE FIRST This is a provisional PDF only. Copyedited and fully formatted version will be made available soon. ISSN: 0423-104X e-ISSN: 2299-8306 Juvenile breast hypertrophy Authors: Benedita Bianchi de Aguiar, Rita Santos Silva, Carla Costa, Cintia Castro-Correia, Manuel Fontoura DOI: 10.5603/EP.a2019.0063 Article type: Clinical Vignette Submitted: 2019-12-07 Accepted: 2019-12-16 Published online: 2020-01-07 This article has been peer reviewed and published immediately upon acceptance. It is an open access article, which means that it can be downloaded, printed, and distributed freely, provided the work is properly cited. Articles in "Endokrynologia Polska" are listed in PubMed. The final version may contain major or minor changes. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org) Juvenile breast hypertrophy Benedita Bianchi de Aguiar1, Rita Santos Silva2, Carla Costa2, Cintia Castro-Correia2, Manuel Fontoura2 1Paediatrics Department, Centro Hospital Entre Douro e Vouga, Portugal 2Paediatrics Endocrinology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, Portugal Correspondence to: Benedita Sousa Amaral Bianchi de Aguiar, Rua Marta Mesquita da Câmara 175 Apt 62 4150-485 Porto, Portugal, tel: (+351) 913 166 913; e-mail: [email protected] Case description Juvenile breast hypertrophy (JBH), also called virginal hypertrophy or macromastia, is a rare benign condition, in which one or both breasts undergo a massive increase in size duringin puberty, usually around menarche. We present a clinical case of JBH and discuss the available therapeutic options. An 11-year- old female patient was referred to our paediatric endocrinologist consultant due to breast hypertrophy. -
Non-Cancerous Breast Conditions Fibrosis and Simple Cysts in The
cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Non-cancerous Breast Conditions ● Fibrosis and Simple Cysts ● Ductal or Lobular Hyperplasia ● Lobular Carcinoma in Situ (LCIS) ● Adenosis ● Fibroadenomas ● Phyllodes Tumors ● Intraductal Papillomas ● Granular Cell Tumors ● Fat Necrosis and Oil Cysts ● Mastitis ● Duct Ectasia ● Other Non-cancerous Breast Conditions Fibrosis and Simple Cysts in the Breast Many breast lumps turn out to be caused by fibrosis and/or cysts, which are non- cancerous (benign) changes in breast tissue that many women get at some time in their lives. These changes are sometimes called fibrocystic changes, and used to be called fibrocystic disease. 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________American Cancer Society cancer.org | 1.800.227.2345 Fibrosis and cysts are most common in women of child-bearing age, but they can affect women of any age. They may be found in different parts of the breast and in both breasts at the same time. Fibrosis Fibrosis refers to a large amount of fibrous tissue, the same tissue that ligaments and scar tissue are made of. Areas of fibrosis feel rubbery, firm, or hard to the touch. Cysts Cysts are fluid-filled, round or oval sacs within the breasts. They are often felt as a round, movable lump, which might also be tender to the touch. They are most often found in women in their 40s, but they can occur in women of any age. Monthly hormone changes often cause cysts to get bigger and become painful and sometimes more noticeable just before the menstrual period. Cysts begin when fluid starts to build up inside the breast glands. Microcysts (tiny, microscopic cysts) are too small to feel and are found only when tissue is looked at under a microscope. -
W O 2019/232146 Al 05 December 2019 (05.12.2019) W IPO I PCT
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property (1) Organization11111111111111111111111I1111111111111i1111liiiii International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date W O 2019/232146 Al 05 December 2019 (05.12.2019) W IPO I PCT (51) International Patent Classification: JIANG, Zaoli; 20 Cedar Rock Road, Woodbridge, Con A61K31/19(2006.01) A61K45/00(2006.01) necticut06525(US). A61K38/12 (2006.01) A61K 45/08 (2006.01) (74) Agent: DOYLE, Kathryn et al.; Saul Ewing Arnstein & (21) International Application Number: Lehr LLP, 1500 Market Street, 38th Floor, Philadelphia, PCT/US2019/034548 Pennsylvania 19102 (US). (22) International Filing Date: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every 30 May 2019 (30.05.2019) kind ofnational protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BN, BR, BW, BY, BZ, (25)FilingLanguage: English CA, CH, CL, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DJ, DK, DM, DO, (26) Publication Language: English DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (30)PriorityData: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IR, IS, JO, JP, KE, KG, KH, KN, KP, (30)/Priority : 01 June 2018 (01.06.2018) us KR, KW, KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, NZ, (71) Applicant: YALE UNIVERSITY [US/US]; Two Whitney OM, PA, PE, PG, PH, PL, PT, QA, RO, RS, RU, RW, SA, Avenue, New Haven, Connecticut 06510 (US). SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TH, TJ, TM, TN, ZA, ZM, ZW. -
Chronic Cystic Mastitis with Special Relation to Carcinoma
University of Nebraska Medical Center DigitalCommons@UNMC MD Theses Special Collections 5-1-1937 Chronic cystic mastitis with special relation to carcinoma John D. Hamer University of Nebraska Medical Center This manuscript is historical in nature and may not reflect current medical research and practice. Search PubMed for current research. Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses Part of the Medical Education Commons Recommended Citation Hamer, John D., "Chronic cystic mastitis with special relation to carcinoma" (1937). MD Theses. 512. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/mdtheses/512 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Special Collections at DigitalCommons@UNMC. It has been accepted for inclusion in MD Theses by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@UNMC. For more information, please contact [email protected]. CHRONIC CYSTIC IvIASTITIS va th Special Relation to Carcinoma Senior Tbesis Presented to the University of Nebraska College of Medicine by .John D. Hamer INTRODUCTION The purpose of this paper is to better acquaint the student wi th the ever changing views of investigators regarding the relationship of Chronic cystic mastitis to carcinoma of the breast. The Buthor has borne in mind that until recent years very little work of an experimental nature has been done in this field. Consequently the material from which this paper is made up has been ex tracted from current articles upon this subject. He has set down clinical find ings, experimental results, and theories of the different workers with an open mind. He has tried not to form an opin ion but would rather let the reader form come to his own conclusions, 480871 CHRONIC CYSTIC 1MSTITIS Definition - Chronic Cystic Mastitis is a misnomer. -
Mastitis During Breastfeeding
Mastitis During Breastfeeding Mastitis is a breast infection. It begins suddenly and if not treated, gets worse quickly. Germs may enter through a break in the skin or through the MORE INFORMATION: nipple. Once treatment starts, the mother usually feels better in a day or two. The milk will not harm Contact the doctor if the symptoms the baby and breastfeeding can continue. The haven’t gone away after finishing the mother usually has: antibiotic. ▪ Flu like symptoms—fever of 100.8 degrees or more, chills, body aches. TO AVOID MASTITIS: ▪ A painful, hot, reddened breast ►Don’t allow the breasts to become overly full. Try not to miss or put off a feeding. Talk to a breastfeeding WHAT TO DO: counselor about ways to manage if you are making more milk than the baby can ♦ Call the doctor and describe the symptoms. take. ♦ Keep the breasts soft by continuing to nurse 8 to 12 times in 24 hours. Add gentle massage to ►Treat sore nipples quickly. help the breasts empty. ♦ Antibiotics may be needed—take all of the ►Avoid tight bras or clothing that prescription, even after starting to feel better. binds. Most antibiotics are safe to use while breastfeeding. ♦ Wrap the breast with a wet, very warm towel or cloth; or soak the breast in a basin of very For more information call: warm water. Repeat several times a day until the redness is gone. ♦ Drink more fluids to replace what’s lost with a fever. ♦ Get more rest and nap when the baby naps. ♦ Ask your doctor if you can use medication such as ibuprofen to reduce swelling.