Drop-in Fuels from Black Liquor – Combining Increased Pulp Capacity with Production of Sustainable Biofuels
Erik Furusjö – RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Y Jafri, F Granberg, E Wetterlund – Luleå Univ. of Technology S Mesfun, J Mossberg – RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Henrik Rådberg – Preem Christian Hulteberg – SunCarbon and Lund University Klaas van der Vlist – Smurfit Kappa Roland Mårtensson, Johan Isaksson – Södra Cell Message
• Drop-in biofuels from Kraft BL are cost competitive
• Added value from increased pulp production capacity
• Biofuel production is an efficient way to utilize a pulp mill energy surplus
• Hydrogen supply and refinery energy integration are critical issues for lignin separation and upgrading
2 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Pulping and chemical recovery – black liquor processing often bottleneck
Pulp Pulp wood
Steam
Image source: Kvaerner Pulping Pulping and chemical recovery – black liquor processing often bottleneck
Pulp Pulp wood
Steam
Image source: Kvaerner Pulping Pulping and chemical recovery – black liquor processing often bottleneck
Pulp Pulp wood
Steam
Image source: Kvaerner Pulping Studied technology tracks
Black liq. gasification w. MTG Lignin separation and upgrading
• BL gasification w. methanol synthesis • Lignin membrane-based separation
• Methanol-to-gasoline (and LPG) • Purification, stabilization in VGO matrix
• Gasification pilot 3 MW • Hydrodexygenation and –cracking >28,000 h operation • Partly validated in pilot scale, • Exxon Mobil MTG partly in lab Commercial operation • Overall TRL 4-5 • Overall TRL ~7
6 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden System view of technologies
Black liq. gasification w. MTG Lignin separation and upgrading
Pulp mill site Refinery site Pulp mill site Refinery site
Stabilized Gasification & Methanol MTG lignin Syngas Upgrading Lignin Separation & Lignin Purificatication Hydrotreatment
Black Gasoline Lignin Green Black Liquor LPG Hydrocarbon Liquor Liquor Chemicals Products Pulp Mill Units Pulp Mill Units Refinery Units Refinery Units Hydrogen
Net change in mill biomass balance Gasoline Net change in Net change in mill biomass balance Diesel Net change in Net change in mill electricity balance LPG NG balance Net change in mill electricity balance Petrol NG balance
Expanded system Direct conversion efficiency
7 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden System view of technologies
Electrolysis Pyrolysis Electricity or Hydrogen oil Natural gas Pulp mill site Refinery site Pulp mill site Refinery site
Stabilized Gasification & Methanol MTG lignin Syngas Upgrading Lignin Separation & Lignin Purificatication Hydrotreatment
Black Gasoline Lignin Green Black Liquor LPG Hydrocarbon Liquor Liquor Chemicals Products Pulp Mill Units Pulp Mill Units Refinery Units Refinery Units Hydrogen
Net change in mill biomass balance Gasoline Net change in Net change in mill biomass balance Diesel Net change in Net change in mill electricity balance LPG NG balance Net change in mill electricity balance Petrol NG balance
Expanded system Direct conversion efficiency
8 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Technology evaluation
ENERGY PRODUCTION GHG EFFICIENCY COST PERFORMANCE
9 Energy efficiency
300 300 Energy surplus mill Energy balanced mill 250 250
200 200
150 150
100 100
Energy Efficiency [%] Energy 50 Efficiency [%] Energy 50
0 0 Lignin Lignin BLG BLG + BLG + Lignin Lignin BLG BLG + BLG + + electr electr PO + electr electr PO
Expanded system Direct conversion efficiency
10 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Production costs - Energy surplus mill (similar for balanced mill)
200 200 80-100 EUR/MWh 150 133 150 ≈ 3.0-3.7 USD/gal 104 95 100 86 77 100
50 50 EUR/MWh 0 0 1a 1b 2a 2b 2c
-50 -50
-100 Lignin Lignin+ BLG BLG+ BLG+ -100 electr electr PO
11 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Greenhouse gas performance - Energy surplus mill (similar for balanced mill)
120 120 100 100 Results valid for 80 80 low carbon 60 60 electricity production! 40 40 Natural gas 20 20 0 0 Wood chips -20 -20 Hydrogen
g CO2eq/MJ LHV g CO2eq/MJ -40 -40 Electricity -60 -60 Total 65% 135% 92% 87% 95% -80 -80 -100 -100 -120 -120 Lignin Lignin + BLG BLG + BLG + PO electr electro
12 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Conclusions
• Drop-in biofuels from Kraft BL are cost competitive
• Added value from increased pulp production capacity
• Biofuel production is an efficient way to utilize a pulp mill energy surplus
• Hydrogen supply and refinery energy integration are critical issues for lignin separation and upgrading
13 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden Thank you for listening
Erik Furusjö [email protected] +46–10–228 45 67
Swedish Energy Agency gratefully acknowledged for financial support.
14 tcbiomass 2019 - Erik Furusjö, RISE Research Institutes of Sweden