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Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport, Rhode Island NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 NUWC-NPT Technical Report 12,298 29 October 2018 Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters for Marine Species Occurring in the U.S. Navy’s Northwest Training and Testing Study Area Stephanie L. Watwood Jocelyn R. Borcuk Emily R. Robinson NUWC Division Newport Erin M. Oliveira McLaughlin Research Corporation Stephanie L. Sleeman Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division Newport, Rhode Island Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 PREFACE An important element of the Navy’s comprehensive environmental planning is the acoustic effects analysis executed with the Navy Acoustic Effects Model (NAEMO) software. NAEMO was developed to estimate the possible impacts of anthropogenic sound on marine animals, combining established acoustic propagation modeling with data regarding the distribution and abundance of marine species. This report recommends species-typical static depth distributions and group size information for all marine mammal and sea turtle species that occur in the Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT) Study Area that will be modeled using NAEMO. Technical reviewers for the information within this report were Chip Johnson (Command Pacific Fleet), Laura Busch (United States Fleet Forces), Andrew DiMatteo (McLaughlin Research Corporation), Dawn Grebner (Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Keyport), Jennifer Paulk (Naval Air Systems Command), and Tara Moll (Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division, Newport). Reviewed and Approved: 29 October 2018 Dennis Tierney Head, Infrastructure Division NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OPM control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From – To) 29-10 2018 Technical Report September 2018 – November 2020 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters for Marine Species Occurring in the U.S. Navy’s Northwest Training and Testing Study Area 5b. GRANT NUMBER N/A 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER N/A 6. AUTHOR(S) 5.d PROJECT NUMBER Stephanie L. Watwood, Jocelyn R. Borcuk, and Emily R. Robinson N/A NUWC Division, Newport 5e. TASK NUMBER Erin M. Oliveira N/A McLaughlin Research Corporation 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER Stephanie Sleeman Naval Facilities Engineering Command Northwest 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION Naval Undersea Warfare Center Division REPORT NUMBER 1176 Howell Street Newport, RI 02841-1708 TR 12,298 9. SPONSORING/MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSORING/MONITOR’S ACRONYM 11. SPONSORING/MONITORING REPORT NUMBER 12. DISTRIBUTION/AVAILABILITY STATEMENT Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT. An important element of the Navy’s comprehensive environmental planning is the acoustic effects analysis executed with the Navy Acoustic Effects Model (NAEMO) software. NAEMO was developed to estimate the possible impacts of anthropogenic sound on marine animals, combining established acoustic propagation modeling with data regarding the distribution and abundance of marine species. This report recommends species-typical static depth distributions and group size information for all marine mammal and sea turtle species that occur in the Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT) Study Area that will be modeled using NAEMO. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Navy Acoustic Effects Model (NAEMO), Acoustic modeling, Marine Mammals, Sea Turtles, Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT) 16. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF: U 17. LIMITATION 18. NUMBER 19a. NAME OF RESPONSIBLE PERSON OF ABSTRACT OF Stephanie L. Watwood a. REPORT b. ABSTRACT c. THIS PAGE PAGES U U U 19b. TELEPHONE NUMBER (Include area code) SAR 75 (401) 832-4929 Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98) Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39-1 NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 This page left intentionally blank. NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY An important element of the Navy’s comprehensive environmental planning is the acoustic effects analysis executed with the Navy Acoustic Effects Model (NAEMO) software. NAEMO was developed to estimate the possible impacts of anthropogenic sound on marine animals, combining established acoustic propagation modeling with data regarding the distribution and abundance of marine species. This report recommends species-typical static depth distributions and group size information for all marine mammal and sea turtle species that occur in the Northwest Training and Testing (NWTT) Study Area that will be modeled using NAEMO. ES-1 Version 1 NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 This page left intentionally blank. ES-2 Version 1 NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................................................................................... ES-1 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS ............................................................................. ii 1 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 1-1 1.1 The Navy Acoustic Effects Model........................................................................................ 1-1 1.2 Data Inputs .......................................................................................................................... 1-1 2 MARINE MAMMAL AND SEA TURTLE DEPTH DISTRIBUTIONS ........................................... 2-1 2.1 Surrogate Species and Study Areas .................................................................................... 2-1 2.2 Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Dive Behavior Summaries ............................................... 2-5 2.2.1 Cetaceans ............................................................................................................................ 2-5 2.2.2 Carnivores ......................................................................................................................... 2-25 2.2.3 Sea Turtles ......................................................................................................................... 2-31 2.3 Conclusions ....................................................................................................................... 2-32 3 MARINE MAMMAL GROUP SIZE INFORMATION ................................................................ 3-1 4 REFERENCES ........................................................................................................................ 4-1 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Figure Page 1 Northwest Training and Testing Study Area ....................................................................2-2 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 1 Marine Mammal and Sea Turtle Species Occurring in the NWTT Study Area ................2-3 2 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Minke Whale1 .......................................................2-6 3 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Bryde’s Whale1,2 ...................................................2-7 4 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Blue Whale1 ..........................................................2-8 5 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Fin Whale1 ............................................................2-9 6 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Humpback Whale on Foraging Grounds1 .......... 2-10 7 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Short-Finned Pilot Whale1,2 ............................... 2-11 i Version 1 NWTT Species Dive Distribution and Group Size Parameters Technical Report 29 October 2018 LIST OF TABLES (Cont’d) Table Page 8 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Risso’s Dolphin1 ................................................. 2-12 9 Percentage of Time at Depth for Fish-Eating Killer Whales1 ........................................ 2-13 10 Percentage of Time at Depth for Mammal-Eating Killer Whales1 ................................ 2-13 11 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Pantropical Spotted Dolphin1,2 .......................... 2-15 12 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Bottlenose Dolphin1 .......................................... 2-16 13 Percentage of Time at Depth for the Gray Whale1 ....................................................... 2-17 14
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