^TT-7-ir'r?"'.'«.'-'v'f:^J:.r-*W*-''; i.^ 'i,i".Tr'rrT;:'^r?'rTn'?7Ym7'??E

..' ..^ "• -/K- ^ 'fft'; :-;•.'•• ;•.-•• .C

foi. kh /fo./& Hoppner grunts on Staff members alleged last week that the Capipus policeman Det. Sgt. Hoppner and Mr. Franks, security officer, had fed information about a p .rt-time student to the Commonwealth Police, leading to her interrogation by a Commonwealth Officer. A meeting of the staff association then voted that Hoppner's employment not be extended beyond the trial period.. It seems in fhe middle of June that a address of the girl's mother had been found jn (he incidence of crime.' How many of these deplorable acts had been female student lost her bag, and naturally jnslde and she was contacted by phone. The Sam Rayner had"preparcd a long list of actually solved by Hoppner? Only one it seems. repotted it like a good student immediately to phone number of the girl (the owner) was then burglaries, thefts, assaults and similar serious The motion against Ihc ADMIN was passed 21 security (also lost property). About a week found and campus security attempted (unsucccss- aimcs which had occurred recently on campus. *o 3. j.c.W. later she got a little surprise in that her bag fully) to contact her by phone, Det. Sgt Hoppner had indeed been found and she could retrieve contacted the Commonwealth Police to help in it from MI. Frank. About the same time she got the investigation,.... a big surprise in that she got a visit from an If this was'a simple lost and found Nucifora Departs investigatory officer of the Social Services exercise and an address was found in the bag, department. He could viut her at home why then was it necessary to get help from the unannounced because she was receiving unem­ Commonwealth Police? ployment benefits and was interested about, Staff members were disturbed about how among other things, the relationship (sexual, the Administration introduced a policeman to or otherwise) that she had wth her brother the (Tampus \vithout first consulting the staff whom she lived with. It should be explamed here association or the Student Union beforehand. In Alf Nucifora announced that- well public servants aren't always broad- a conciliatory letter to the association a represent­ his resignation from the minded and this girl was a near hippy and she and ative of the Administration explained that there position of Student her brother were after all, living in the same house, had not been time for consultation due to the Senator last week so Needless to say the girjwwas upset by these insult­ pressure of events. ing allegations. that he might travel to However it is documented that Cowan and Why did this public servant make this the U.S. to take up a Whitrod had discussed the introduction of police frietidly call? He must surely be acting on some to campus as early as November last year. The Post-Graduate course information? He said he was acting on inform­ vice-chancellor formalized this agreement on the in business studies at ation supplied to him by the Commonwealth 12th of January 1973 and the appointment of a Harvard University. Police who had found a bag of hers at the policeman was confirmed by Whitrod in April of University. Alf, an executive at that year. The Student's Union and the Staff Refresh Holdings Bob Wensley, the assistant to the Vice- association were not informed until a few weeks Chancelloi was contacted and asked whether later. In fact the first thing the STudent's Union (would you believe Commonwealth Police were officially on campus. __ . ,. -„.„... . knew about it was when Hoppner came to pay a Coca-Cola) was He denies this. The only pohce officially stationed ^,.j visit Union president in on Campus was a state policeman Det. Sgt. At the staff association meeting, Sam 1969.. Hoppner. Rayner (for the Admin) implied that serious Wxen questioned about thj$,sccuiity, crime was on the mcrease on campus and this stated that the above mentioned bag had been wananted a full-time policeman. When questioned handed and the contents had been searched to by Semper shortly after Hoppner' appointment find an address. Det. Sgt. Hoppner had been Mr, Ritchie the 'Deputy Vice-Chancellor' stated called m to help with the investigation. The •it's not that there has been any significant inaease COUNCIL LINGERS ON Union Council met on Thursday 26 Announcement time. Matt English ^oke Knight to publish an apology be reversed. it proceeded to take these from the July. Or to be more conect, 22 members for a while, and people went to the Speakers in favour of the motion were table. However, any member would veto any and 1 proxy met. Not a bad turn out, was Refec. Bill Abrahams spoke for a while, Messrs Booth, Swan, Shaw and Young, proposal, as these were exactly 23 votes it, when you consider that these are 46 and people went to the toilet. Nick Booth who collectively states that they would present-the exact number needed to cany voting members. Of the absentees, about a and Tony Frazer spoke at length about see nothing defamatory to Ms White in a change. dozen are listed for firing because they their conflicting plans for re-writing the the article, and they could see no reason After a while of this, Mr Hempel got never turn up, or even apologise. But until Constitution, and people went to sleep. why she should receive an apology. fed up and went home. The remaining they come. Council can't raise the numbers They were awakened by Question Time, It was suggested that the Executive changes were put and lapsed for want of to fire them. Catch 22. But more of that during which various people asked eachother were acting in excess of their powers in 23 votes. This would probably have saved later. what action they would ask AUS to take instructiitg Semper to print an apology. the Union some money, as at least they don't automatically have to be typed into The meeting opened quietly enough, against China/France/Britain/America in Ann While spoke against .the motion, the minutes, and then onto the agenda of although there was some difficulty m protest against nuclea tests. All good radio­ saying that the article failed to give any the next meeting. gathermg together the 12 councillors active fun, but hardly likely to unprovc background information, which she felt needed to make a quomm, and proceeded the lot of the hapless student at this should go back to the time when she Council then felt it would like some through bureaucratic bumph about acceptuig University. was a member of a University discipline coffee, and adjournment for supper was minutes. After sundry other questions (durmg committee which had suspended Dick moved. During the adjournment debate, Nick Booth spoke scathingly of the Then came the first snag: "Business which time Alan Grieve and Murray Proctor Shearman from the University. She objected standard of attendance at meetings of Arising From The Minutes". Most of this contrived to elicit from Bill Abrahams to the publication of a private letter to Council, and suggested that the best thing consisted of proposed changes to the damaging information about Ann White the Law Society, particularly as that letter would be for the rump of Council to Union's Constitution and Regulations, in her absence). Council moved on to had not been sent. She found it especially resign and left C.A.T. lake over. His which had been laid on the table at considering reports. objectionable to be described as a "well- remarks were not greeted with enthusiasm previous Council meetings. Now, to carry A number of people didn't like the dressed, attractive redhead", by members of the present Council who a motion changing the Constitution or Executive's decision to instruct Semper A vote by roll-call was taken, and the are not also members of next year's Council. Regulations, you need 23 affirmative editor, Alan Knight, to publish an motion to reverse the Executive's decision votes..And, as we have noted, five apology to Ms White for a front-page was canied, with many abstaining. Ms After the cofi'ee break, it was found minutes previously Council was having article entitled "Union Court Drama". It White then picked up her belongings and that almost everyone had gone home and difficulty in mastering 12 votes for a was decided to defer discussion until Ann left there was no quorum left. Everyone grad­ quorum. returned from another meeting she was After this high drama, there were ually dispersed, leaving undiscussed such The result: the changes remained on attending. stilt somehow 23 votes left in the chamber. earth-shattering questions as homosexuals the table. That took care of eight pages CouncQ then proceeded to demonstrate One was a proxy, so Council was unable at Macquire University, AUS typesetting of the Agenda! You see, previous meetings its rubber-stamphig ability by accepting to rid itself of its dead wood )proxies equipment and University organs. of Council hadn't been able to muster 23 15 reports within half an hour. Oddly, can't vote on a motion to fire a member Roll on December, and the C.A.T. votes during the whole evening, and business the only one to draw debate was one of Council). takeover. had kmda piled up. committee's recommendation that it be However, Council could deal with Never miixl: on to the next bit of abolished. Council obviously loves its Regulation and Constitution changes, and Nick Booth nonsense, which was the election of a paperwork, and hates to see any of its Student Senator to replace Alf Nucifora sources abolished. (resigned). Bruce Shaw and Jim Varghese We then moved to "Uotions With were decent enough to withdraw their Notice", all of which were withdrawn, Election Results nominations, which left Matt English with although there was some debate as to Turbot St VP: David Christiansen a walkover victory. whether an uicident in February (in Latest figures showed as almost John Gray got back on Council for which Bruce Shaw auned a milk bottle in cleats sweep for C.A.T. candidates, Herston VP: Mick 0 Shea about the hundredth year running, as Arts the general direction of the Chairman) even though the total votes cast were St Lucia part time VP: Tony Frazer (Part-Time) Rep. should be recorded in the Minutes of about half those polled at the A.G.E. FEE RISE PLEBISCITE RESULTS Various others got appomted lo sundry that meeting. positions, uicluding long-tune Union heavy Then to "General Business", and last year. Nick Booth, who was appointed Chairman discussion of such momentous things as In the executive those elected were Question 1. Do you agree to a fee of the Publications Committee. Semper whether the Hon. Secretary should be President: Jim Varghese: 996 votes(C.A.T) rise of $4,00 for part-time students hopes he might caU a meeting of this called "Honorary" now that he received G.V.P.:Johii Stirk: 1174 votes(C.A.T) and Academic Staff? committee: it would be the first one $15 per week. AUS sec: Murray Proctor: 1346 votes(CAT) 1176 YES 1073 NO this year. After a quarter-hour of this, it was After dealing briefly with finance (and suddenly noliced that (i) Ann While had Treasurer: Dale Martin: 1199 votes(CAT) Question 2, Do you agree to a fee rubbe^stamph1g the Finance Advisoiy returned, and (ii) there were more than St Lucia VP(Full time): Stuart Cunningham rise of $10,00 for full-time students Committee's suggestions). Council found 23 voters present. Hallelujah! 1188 votes (C.A.T) and miscellaneous members of the itself confronted by new Regulation and It was decided to deal first with Ms Elected unopposed to the executive were Union? Constitution changes. Still less than 23 White's apology, and it was moved that votes present: lay these on the table! ihe Executive's decision to instruct Alan Hon Sec: Bill Abrahams 1030 YES 1251 NO excluded in the recommendations of the Previously I had led an aimless life, (I had The transfer of money from the Education Health Insurance Planning Committee no aims) and as a direct result of this Committee to the Expo Committee (of Report. At Ihe same time there is nothing condition, 1 found myself a motorvational which I am Chairman) was a matter of to stop the government altering the doldrum, a castrated Jack Horner; I was efficiently using resources, because the percentage relationship between benefits not getting anywhere in life (and I wasn't Education Committee, which was originally and fees charged without the concurrence scoring cither). There I was, seated amidst charged with the responsibility of conducting of doctors and without redress, as has the foul odour of decaying ambition; (what Expo-Uni, had become virtually defunct. occurred in Saskatchewan and recently in could 1 do?) one day 1 decided to water it. In future, correspondence concrrning the Ontario.^ The presence of this insecurity But the result was negative. What I needed Union, I hope that Miss Bardon and from the doctors' viewpoint cannot enhance was expert help in the art of ambition Miss Oomino will present a complete the standard of services rendered in any way. cultivation. 1 turned to reading, an art 1 picture of the subject matter, thus avoiding picked up in toilets. I turned to reading any deliberate misrepresentations. As proposed in the Planning Committee English. Report the financing of the health scheme Matt English will be by a 1.35% levy on taxable income A whole new world lies before me; (at PRESIDENT and a linked Commonwealth Subsidy. first I Uiought 1 would screw it) gardening The report of the committee predicted journals, receipt books, the whole thing. It was that fateful day when the sun didn't PORN that the subsidy would be nearly equivalent Dear Sir, to the 1.35% tax levy and if the cost of shine and the wind blew, when I first read I would hope with this short letter to ranning such a s<;rvjce increases at the your publication. silence those people who claim that those same rate as in other countries with Now 1 have purpose. Now 1 find friendship of us who favour liberalization of censor­ nationalised health, this subsidy level, or (and I'm scoring regularly). 1 am committed. ship laws, do not lake our convictions to the tax level, would have to be raised I am happy. I've got five hundred premium considerably. In Canada the government is their logical conclusion. Such people argue grade marijuana weeds growing in between that if pornography is good for (or at at present in dire financial straits as they the giant timbers on Frazer Island. attempt to meet the costs of financial least not harmful to) an 18 year-old then their health care system. Thank you, thank you. why not present it to a 17 year-old? or a 16 year-old? and so on. May I conclude by suggesting that Maurice Ronald Laurence. Australia could be far better off by improving |^j«-\«-^«i^ ^^T^W^1^F\'^° answer tho first part of this challenge the present system. At present the govern­ 1^ f^^P^i 1171. »m^^l^ J Ml would point out yet again that the ment is paying the insurance premiums for * ' • '» '' ^ '» ^ •* • • '• '• Swedbh experiment has shown that there people on low incomes. This system could Dear Sir, is a positive good to be derived from be widened to take in more of the lower The other day I caught wind of a con­ pornorgraphy. Let those who doubt point income bracket and also the pensioners. versation (or rather verbal warfare) about to any experiment which suggests Ihe Alternatively, or in addition, a system the Commonwealth Scholarship allowance. contrary. ^ sunilar to the one operating in Queensland One partner could not understand why she To answer the second part of the challenge- could be introduced in which free hospital was on a low allowance, whereas others why not indeed? As a hopeful primary services are available to the public. of her mates were on a higher one. She school teacher in traming I'm looking Either of these modifications could prove felt she was really badly done by-just forward to the tune when I can put good to be far less expensive that the proposed scraping through!! pornographic magazines into the hands of government system which is based on the all six year-olds. I can foresee a time too, Of course, she didn't mention that her socialist fallacy of a single government-run when a new generation of youngsters will parents were both working permanently and insurance fund being more economic be growmg up amongst us for whom such that she drove a brand new car to Uni and than a number of smaller private funds. phrases as "an immoral act", will have, no brought steady lifts also, who paid her Sweden's state-owned pharmacy company meaning. LETTERS gives good evidence of such costs. In its well for the ride. Man, is she in a sorry first year of operation it suffered a total state!! Yours respectfully, loss of $7.19 million.'* This is one of my latest hangups and I'd Eric Kroll. 1. ANDREWS J.L. Medical Care in Sweden jusl like to explain to these 'poor' people who haven't enough nousc to realize for DOCTORS in Journal of American Medical Assoc­ Dear Alan, Dear Sir, iation Vol. 223 No. 12 March 1973 themselves that the only reason that they Gay Lib presented an interesting analysis In response to the anonymous article as above. are on a poor allowance is because they and their parents already have too much of society recently, which calls for comment. "Doctors and the National Health" I would AMA views on the Deeble Plan June like to inform the author of some details even after they've swindled their income The Manifesto presented a very ugly 1973. tax (not that 1 would advocate this in any picture of a sexist society of which I was he seems to have overlooked. Fhstly, MclNNES N. Swedens Biffer Pill in although tlie world has been searching case). formerly not as awarc-my thanks to them. Aust. Health Education Advisory Digest It went on to provide rouglily the follow­ for an effective nationalised health scheme Vol. 10 No. 1 March 1973. My opinion is that any of us on this campus for over thirty years, may 1 point out that ing analysis; arc jolly fortunate to be in receipt of any - we sec a majority of ugly people- no country has yet come up with one G.A. COLDITZ. such allowance at all, and after all, 1 feel which satisfies all members of the oppressive "masculine" husbands subjecting too much emphasis is put on material and timid "feminine" wives to sexual tyranny. community. Thus I can sec no rAason wJiy economic values. The minds of people are Australia sliould try to develop its pro­ Children either become like mum or dad, twisted by their own selfishness. They've or cop out to join Gay Lib. posed scheme on one that has not been a got plenty but they want more and more. - since the concepts of "masculine" success, but rather, having seen the short­ For the few who really arc in need of "feminine" and the "family Unh" give comings of olher nations' attempts, wc financial aid to pay their Uni fees, those who rise to such situations, they arc evil. should be able to develop our own scheme are really intent on study (and this is the The solution follows easily: for our own situation. main function of the University), 1 reckon - we shall reject the concepts of gender Reference is made to the use of medical financial assistance is a must. For those of and family unit. statistics in planning in Sweden. May 1 us fortunate enough to be on a scholarship point out that although Sweden does have GREAT with our fees paid, I feel it is time we - wc shall adopt a structureless 'system' this quite effective planning body, it has learned to appreciate our situation and (?) in which none of these concepts arc planned very large hospitals and in so doing sought after helping and bringing happiness defined. MIDDLE It seems lo me the analysis is confused, has developed a very depersonalised medical to others which will in return yield joy service. It is one thing to have a planning to ourselves. and hence the solution untenable. body but another fo have an effective I would certainly endorse the criticism. hospital system. Sweden's bed-to-population So next time you consider your situation, All around us ae ugly people (I see at ratio is the highest in the world, yet a my dear aristocrats, before you open your least one each morning in the bathroom!)~ patient may have to wait up to a year big selfish choppers to complain, look but why are they so? If they are helplessly for elective surgery. This is simply because around you-and help an old lady cross the playing stereotype roles impressed by their many vrards are not open lo patients road instead. parents who arc helplessly playing . . . then due to staff sliorlagcs. 6.4% of positions wo first thought of the role? Furthermore, Yours in democratic confidence, what hope is there of ever breaking out? for physicians and 5.8% nursing positions HOUGHTON. went unfilled in 1971.' A system which 1 shall briefiy attempt an alternative looks very good on paper turns out to be analysis using the Bible-it holds that "God quite ineffective in practice. EXPO created Man male and female". It presents This leads me to the point of the Dear Sir, a very beautiful picture of the complementary "doctor-patient relationship" which the nature of these two. God designed Expo-Uni taught us a great lesson. The marriage to be a harmonious relationship author failed to understand. For a person message was: wo has only ever required casual medical of mutual esteem, and selfless love-a "Veterinary Science-serving the care there may never have been any practical demonstration of the relation Community" experience of this doctor-patient relationsliip. between Jesus Christ and his disciples. Jesus was humiliated to a shameful death However when a patient requires medical Dear Sir, How well they must have served il on cupcrvision over a loi^g period of time, a Saturday 21st. They were so busy, they for others (though he rose again!) and his relationsliip is established which is No doubt 'in jokes' are very fine for those were unable lo open shop to the visitors disciples now are prepared to give themselves characterised by trust and confidence on Ul the know, however, if you are to use to the University. lo him. Semper for such purposes, then you While real masculinity and femininity may the part of the patient towards the attending They can't be very interested in attracting practitioner, and a feeling of responsibility should at least give your readers a few be even more breath-taking m their pslendour clues. I refer, of course, to the photo of undergraduates. With this wc concur- than we now suspect (C.S. Lewis: "Voyage and interest on the part of the doctor there are loo many already] towards the patient and his welfare. This the Crossmg of the Line Ceremony on to Venus")-the concepts of "masculuie" relationship itself is often a long-lasting the front page of your last issue. Gratefully, and "feminine" are certainly not at fault. one, but can be dclcteriously affected by It is now some years since our illustrious R.W. Connors Jesus noted that the real ugliness is within the intervention of a third party, especially Neptune became Vice-Chancellor of this R.M. McTaggart ourselves. God made the world, with on its effect on the feeling of personal University and set out to 'hear what you (Students) humans in it, a perfect whole-and all responsibility which the doctor may have in say* in 'meeting the great middle'. A period relations were to be drawn together under regard to the individual patient. when his face was familiar to students, the Kingship of-Ihc Creator. In all shuations in which such a third unlike today when one is lucky to even see Dear Sir, But if we choose to reject God the Creator, party cnlcrcs into the financing of the his chief trouble shooters, 'Smiling Sam' we must not hope to retain beauty of Rayner and Bob Wensley. I was intrigued and rather amazed to read medical scheme, and removes all barriels, the article by Miss Bardon and Miss Comlno other relations within his world. Straight' financial and otherwise, there is a strong 'Concerned Student' in a recent issue of your paper concerning society is doomed in attempting tp retain tendency towards the overloading of the the Union budget. In particular, I refer to certain systems (such as the heterosexual medical care system at the point of intake. their talk of money being transferred from couple) for its own convenience, but I sec it imperative Ihat some portion of DOPED one committee to the Expo Commitiee, of without living in them under the ruling of the fee is still paid by the patient for th Dear Sirs, which I am Chahman. I Would like to point God. Whhout subjecting to the loving service rendered, as the only practical out a few facts concernmg this matter, God, love becomes sclfgratification and I would dearly love to make use of this detcrant to such overloading. Together and refute what I consider to be a blatant exploitation, masculinity is synonymous piece of paper (the unrolled centre of a wilh this overloading there is a continual misrepresentation on the part of Miss Gordon with oppression, authority with corruption, toilet roll) to congratulate you on the fine increase in the cost of medical care as the and Miss Comino. government with tyranny etc. Gay Lil) use of commas in your newspaper. Your cost of equipment and 'rcatment procedures may be honest m calling these systems an outstanding use of printers hik and masked increases. In Sweden, health care costs Expo was the subject of a rather shaky anachronism, and seeking for freedom, have been increasing at a rate of 7% per trees has enflamed my heart, extinguished history this year. Earlier in the year, it the fire in my bowels and loosened the but it can go nowhere unless it recognizes year for the years 1969-71.' was decided by Council to have Expo under God as God. Much bandied words like As regards bulk-billing there appears to gum from my upper right molar. The joy , the auspices of the Education Committee. bubbles with the energy of a gieser, bubbles, "freedom, liberation, rights", are meaningless be no way in which a doctor may writh- That committee appointed a person to be if not used in the context of the absolute draw from such an arrangement and continue bubbles. Indeed so much do I enjoy the Expo Director, but he subsequently resigned gardening section of your fine publication, God who is really there, and who has to practice privately. There is no provision after doing little planning or organising for that I intend to look defiantly into the spoken his will to us in the Bible. Looking for anyone wishing to avail themselves of Expo. Meanwhile, the Education Committee future, puff out my chest and resolve to forward to further discussion, Yours, private medical treatment outsklc the had lost hiterest in Expo (and most otljer read your fine gardening section with scheme to bisure themselves against the things) so the Union Executive appobited Gerry van Ktinken, courages. cost of such attention, as this is specifically me to be in charge of Expo-Uni for 1973. Member, Evangelical Union. BRUCE DICKSON INTERVIEWS JIM VARGHESE

Interview with Jim Varghese, ducks party" indicates a low degree of President of the Union for 1974. cynicism. This is very comforting in terms of moving forward. However, orientation It should be well-known by now on campus week will play a veiy great role. 1 feel that that Ihe Communhy Action Ticket, or the future of community hinges on next C.A.T., won 21 of the 22 poshions that year's first and second year students. they contested for the 1974 Union Council. Although you may argue that the students Q. Jim, how did the Community Action who voted for you in the actual election Ticket originate? may desire some sort of community, A. Well, it originated from a group of regardless of how they would define this, people who were concerned about the the overall vote was extremely low. It's apathy and cynicism on this campus. They one of the lowest on record. It could be felt that something had to be done, and argued that this is -r,,,:,- indication of the they felt that the best way to do this was apathy and indifference that people have by combining in a series of community- towards the Union. So presumably they orientated programmes, which formed the would also be fairly apathetic towards any basis of our platform. notion of "community" activity. Do you Why did you choose the Union as (lie yourself feel that students have any vehicle for these attempts at change? motivation in this area whatsoever? Well, wc looked around, and a lot of Well, 1 think that at present tlicy're frustrations were involved in different disinterested and doing their own thing movements outside structures-movements of because of Ihe lack of any viable alternatives spontanicty and otherwide. Consequently we 1 feel that we are presenting a viable felt that, given the present circumstances, alternaiive-but it remains to be seen the Union was the most effective way of whether we can, in fact, accomplish the reaching people. task ahead. Do you think that running tickets for Getting back to CA.T. 's policies again: elections is necessary in order to bring about Will C.A.T. members be voting strictly along those diametrically opposed to you. I think doing is a step towards the realisation of changes in the Union? party lines, as surest ed by former treasurer that the persons who are in CAT get on that hope. I think a ticket per se, in the sense of a David Boughen in an anti-CAT leaflet during fairly well together, are wc are certainly Why do you feel that nothing has happened doctrinaire group of people (that is, an the campaign? quite well united on our policy programmes. as a result of the previous attempts? ALP Caucus or something)-definately NO. No. I don't Ihink this would be doing But there will be considerable conflict on Because people did it as individuals. Tliey But I think a group of people united on justice to the persons in CAT. Basically, all such issues as abortion. encountered a great wall of cynicism-even programmes that leave a great deal of room the CAT team, or group of people, will be Previous "tickets" elected to Council have disparagement-and it was so frustrating Uiat for individuality-Yes, 1 think very much so. doing will be to ensure that those programs become ineffective because of resignations they decided to forget about il all. That leads on to the question of whether which we stood for, which were outlined in and defections. Do you think this may You don't think that there was any inherent CA.T. will be making decisions by caucus the election Semper, will be carried through happen to CAT? fault in the methods they used? or will be making decisions involving very vigorously. After the approval of these This is a perennial problem that faces any There was a fault, insofar as they did not Councillors and the student body to the programmes by Council, there will be a great group elected to Council. All 1 can say is seek lo reach a much broader cross-section greatest possible extent. deal of room available for various points of that I think we arc a more dedicated group of the Universky. They tended to seek It will be involving Council and, particularly, debate and issues Ihat may crop up.- of people. I personally feel that we've got cohesion only with those who held similar students to the greatest extent possible. What do you say to David Boughen's the makings of an extremely good Union. views to themselves and this, of course, led And how would you see yourself doing that? comment in his leaflet that 16 of CAT's Why? to their downfall. Well, for a start, one of our policies is to 22 policy programmes are already being put First, because the people arc so very But do you really feci that there has been restructure the Union on community lines. into action by the old Council? different from RAT. We're not particularly a solid campaign for staff-student control in For example, 1 personally would like to see Well, firstly we've never claimed that these concerned about our ideological purity, so this University-one which worked at some stage in the year a referendum that programmes were brand new-in contrast to much as a great concern for getting things intelligently and which went step by step would allow departmenlal reps to be what Mr Boughen alleged. Indeed, this is a done. Tlie very fact that our platform is so towards implementing that goal? cx-officio members of Council. very deceitful kind of a charge. But we do very practically organised is in contrast to I thought that Up The Right Channels was One of the words you mentioned, and it's feel that those programmes which the present RAT's ideological world vision. certainly a step in the right direction. In been made one of the main features of your Council is carrying out are not being done Many students have previously heard slogans fact, when Up The Right Channels first campaign, was this word "community". It's with any vigour, and hardly anyone knows like those of CAT. For example, RAT also came out, I thought, "Wow! Here's some- obviously involved in the name Cpminuniiy they exist. We want to change this. claimed they would restructure the Union. tiling that is really happening." Then after Action Ticket itself and also you've been Some of your statements sound rather vague tliat we witnessed the spectacle of what 1 Boughen also said in his leaflet that CAT stressing that you wish to help take and ritetorical. Would you blame students called the syndrome of revolutionism, which is a group of people wonting to gain control University affairs to Ihe outside community- for being a little cynical towards you? is that the revolution becomes an end in of the Union (which is what I thou^it so you've used "community" in a number of Not at all. But there is the difference I itself. After tliat, all practical initiatives elections were about anyway). He also states contexts. Now, exactly what do you mean mentioned before, namely, the unity on were lost. that, in order to gain control, CAT decided programme rather than the world vision of by "community"? /;; your policy statement, you said; There is to put forward a united Con-man front. Do ideology. For instance, if you look Well, as you mentioned, "communhy" has a crisis in the Unh^ersity, a tide of apathy, you think that CAT was manipulative in any carefully.restructure forms a very small part several meanings and several dimensions. way during the campaign? cynicism and self-interest Radicals have of our total programme, and a lot of the I've used it in llie campaign specifically with Not at all. On the contrary, we have been si|ngularly failed to stem the power of Ihis routine work has already been done on respect to the university community; that is, accused of great naivety, especially electoral tide. What do you feel has brought about restructure. It's just a question now of students, staff and workers. The wider naivety. For a start, wc refused to retaliate this apathy, cynicism and self-interest? touching it up and putting in the relevant community refers to the Brisbane metro­ on what were electorally illegal leaflets. amendments, and we've got it made. That Firstly, just on a purely philosophical level, the politan area, especially the South Brisbane Secondly, Boughcn's comment is libellous. would be preserving the best of the past and whole society is one that nutures cynicism, apathy and Spring Hill areas. "Community" in Indeed, if I wanted to be a real fanatic, in moving boldly forward to the future. and self-interest. Now, the reason why there is general refers to our general altitude or our the style of recent Councillors, I could get Exactly what sort of restructure da you a crisis in a University I believe is because at least vision of life which is a concern for our him for defamation. But I believe that such favour or do you see a need for? m a University you have got a relative degree of neighbour or person. action would be childish and petty. It was suggested to me thai, during the I see a great need to ensure that the Union consciousness that can see this cynicism apathy Specifically, how do you plan to bring into is effective in course structures and in and self-interest. If you like to seek after existence a feeling of community within the furore which broke out over Lewin Blazevich's resignation, you had purely student needs with respect to the semester truth, which may seem alike a vague cliche campus or within the student body, v^en I political reasons for attacking Dick Shearman system. To achieve this best, departmental to you, but for mc means a concern for man, think you yourself have already made the very vehemently during the Refec meeting reps could become ex-officio members of a change in man. And in terms of this there is admission that this feeling doesn't exist at at which Lewin gave his reasons for resigning Council. This way wc can, also, later on, a crisis of apathy and cynicism on this University Ihe moment? push for greater representation in the Senate. In other words, at that time you were Returning to looking specifically at the Union Well, we cannot make community-that contemplating standing for election, and you On the question of the Senate itself: Do you for a moment and to your attitudes - Do woufd be quite absurd! What we can do is felt that by attacking Shearman (and, by believe in the notion of staff-student control you feel that even in the Union there is a to facilitate the conditions for community. inference, supporting Blazevich) you would of the University's decisionmaking processes, For instance, our rcfiectory project will gain political support. which in itself implies abolition of the idea tendency amongst the people, once they transform the refectory and make it more of a Senate and representation on such a gain office, lo take the Union and themselves attractive and more amenable to human This is the typical paranoid statement that's body? far too seriously? encounter. Similarly, Expo-Uni will be a made against a person who succeeds in a communhy and person orientated project. political situation. From a standpoint of ideological purity you I think Ihat is an extremely valid point and arc, of course, correct in that the Senate this issomethmg Ihat I hope won't be happening Commem Week will be re-instated as a Getting to another point. Do you feel that to myself personally.1 think to have this you community mardi gras. However, what is it is ineviiable that Union politics will would have to be done away with. But I'm most important is our own enthusiasm as always be dominated by the "numbers afraid the pundits of such a view in the last need a good sense of absurdity, a good sense of individuals. game"? By who has the greatest bloc of few years liave failed so miserably that we humour and I hope 1 can transcend the bureaucr­ votes? arc slill lefl with an autocratic professorial acy of the situation and retain my humanity. One of the criticisms that many people would board and into the bargain an equally of the idea of bringing about a feeling Quite the opposite, if anything, I think that Do you feel there is a danger of any persons make autocratic Senate. So, given this sort of of comihunity within the student body is this year the Union has been dominated by elected to office becoming very caught up in condition, 1 prefer to see at Icasl one-third that a prerequisite of this is to have the the "less numbers" or "least numbers" game, detrimental forms of the 'Union political game'- student representation on the Senate. I think students themselves become part of Ihat which is three people. This is absurd. c,g. arsehole power games and power struggles, that this would be a tremendous achievement community and join in this sort of a notion. I think CAT, which is not a doctrinaire backstabbing, status games, etc? Now, at the moment, on the basis of ticket, fulfils the true ideal of a Union, and a lot could then be done on this comments you've been making about the which is unity on very basic and practical campus. I couldn't agree with you more there and Ihis cynicism of students (even the apathy}, this programmes, but a great deal of diversity 7Vic« you are fairly cynical about the ability is once again a challenge - the whole Union wouldn't seem to be at all possible. Exactly and debate on other issues. of students and staff to support some presents such a great challenge in this way. One how do you intend to overcome that How much "community feeling" or solidarity concept of student-staff control, of the thing 1 would like to do as a person is to play down obstacle? is there among the CAT members elected to University. Either that, or you are cynical of the deification of the presidency and assert Council? past efforts towards this goal. equality in Council, Unfortunately you cannot Weil, lo answer the first part. The very fact I've been cynical of the efforts people have do this in the wider community, because that the C.A.T. won with a sweep tends to A great deal. I'd like to stress that the made in Ihe past. They've fallen completely people tend lo look at you in a stereotyped show that there is a great deal of hope for community is not one "big hug session". through. Nothing has happened. But I fashion. • community. Thinking students have voted, Rather, community is relating, or trymg to certainly hope that this will happen at some and the low vote for the "non-existent relate as best you can, to all people-even future time, and I think that what we are

Compare our prices Discounts of 10% on engagement rings to students and THE HOUSE OF DIAMONDS a^o y.u wiu and staff on present* FIRST FLOOaXA r y NEXT TO THE them at least 30% ation Of this add. HEINDORFF HOUSE>SA/X REGENT THEATRE below ourcompotitors. QUEEN STREET NK RHONE 391545 Diamonds direct from our factory In Amsterdam. vote' cards outside their metropolitan strongholds without the help of the Country Party. During the 1972 Federal elections when Bonner ran for a Scantc seat (a casual vacancy caused by the retirement of When the Victorian Liberals finally rallied period, its share of the vote (6 percent) As a result of proportional repre sentation Senator Rankin) the racist LP withdrew enough collective gumption to drop Senator compares poorly with the Libs. When-the the ALP will return the two candidates its support leavuig the Liberals to fend Jim Webster (CP, Vic.) to third place on Executive moved to have Webster put out heading its ticket. It is unlikely that Labor for themselves. This meant that in five their joint senate ticket with the Country to pasture, Ihey dUn't have to bother about will gain sufficient support in Queensland of the ten non-metropolitan (federal) Party, they broke an electoral arrangement repercussions on the State Liberal party. to pick up a third senate seat. If this is electorates in Queensland, there were no which has operated between Ihe parties Bonner 'how to vote' cards distributed, The decision has had a How on effect to the case the contest for the three remaining since 1949. because there is no Liberal party organization Queensland where the progress of negotiations seats will be thrashed out between the operating in those electorates. Under this arrangement, the Liberals held between the DLP and Country Party were Liberals (Bonner and Martin) on one hand Ihe first and third positions on the ticket, held back because the local CP executive and the DLP-CP on the other. Ihe Country Party, the sccorel. When the dWn't want to provoke Ihe Victorian Senator C.R. Maunsell (LP) would head a The Country Party for years has successfully Victorian Executive of the Liberal Party Liberals into rolling Webster. The CP was combined DLP-CP ticket and Senator blocked the establishment of Liberal branches moved to dispose of this particular alliance hoping that the old arrangement could be Condon Byme (DLP) would most likely in many country areas throughout Queensland it finally forced Iheir northern cousins in retained in Victoria while they ran on a be the second candidate fielded by this in order to stave off opposition from the the Queensland Liberal Party out of their split ticket with the DLP in Queensland. . . new non-Labor grouping. Liberals in state elections. The Liberals complacent silence over the Country Party's which was nonsense, but that's the Country In normal circumstances the Liberal-Country may be fecluig they've been railroaded, overtures to the DLP. Parly for you. would contest the election with the Liberals once again. (Bonner) in number one spot, the Country Livingstone (the state Liberal secretary) Over the last couple of months the local But whatever the effect of the merger on Party (Maunsell) second, and the Liberals lamented that the Country Party was Liberal machine has been lobbying to have the Liberals, the CP in Queensland Seems (Martui) third on the co-alition ticket. "seizing on the Victorian situation as an the Senate unpasse resolved. But to no avail resilient to change of any sort .... even excuse for further delay" in deciding the Country Party said point-blank that The main clash of the campaign would m the shape of the DLP. whether it was going to run with the Libs they weren't moving till the Victorian have been between Condon Burnc (DLP) situation was settled. A report in the Australian (July 12th) said or not. The CP was not very unpressed who was on the outer and in scrkius danger that "information about the parties compiled with one Liberal protestations. It rejected When Webster was finally di^sed of, of losing his seat, and Kathryn Martin, the Sparkes (the CP state president) indicated by the Country Party indicates that Ihe another in the long list of amalgamation new Liberal candidate (who won pre-selection DLP will have to take a very minor role proposals from its coalition partner and that the chance of a joint Liberal-Country against Liberal hardliner Kevin Cairns, the Party ticket in Queensland was "pretty . . . Figures prepared by the Country Party has resumed its contemplation of the former Federal Housing Minister). show that it outnumbers DLP membership merger with the DLP in the wake of remote". Which it has been ever since However, if the merger is successful, Byrne, by 20,000 to 2,000. The Country Party Victoria. the CP convention gave their subject approval to the merger earlier this year. on a split ticket stands a good chance of has 364 branches compared to the DLP's While the change in Victoria was partly There's no lore lost between the co-alition retaming Jiis seat to the detremcnt of the 61". inspired by the fact that neither a Liberal partners in Queensland. The Country Party, Liberals. While Sparkes has busied his underlymgs or Country Party candWate has any hope while it thinks the DLP can unprove its Etovkling both parties can agree to an with the job of tallying up these figures, of winning that third Senate vacancy (now electoral chances, will pursue the klea of executive level, a final descision on the for the benefit of the DLP, it was bequeathed to Senator Webster)-so the a merger. The Liberals will accept it with merger will be made at a special LP probably a waste of tune. Gair knows it is Libs, opted, not unnaturally, for the a token grumble and resign (absolve?) convention, tenatively to be heki ui too near the end of the road to be prunary two positions-parochial Victorian themselves saying it was all a matter of September. obstinate. He also knows the even if DLP issues had a major bearing on the decision, staying m office. uifluence is negligible on the LP, at least particularly the unpotency of the CP in Running with the DLP will pacify the more If the merger is pulled off it will have his old mate, Condon Byrne might see stale politics. overt racists in the Country Party who are repercussions on the actual campaign the another term in the Senate. It's some consolation at least Though the Country Party is only a minor hotly complaining at the moment because Lips. run. Aheady Liberal party officials figure on the state scene, until 1967, it an aboriginal (Senator Bonner) is heading are diving for theh campaign folders to at least held the babince of power m the the Liberal ticket. find a way of distributing Liberal 'how to Peter Murphy. Victorian Upper House (the L^islative Council) and wilh it the threat that if it voted with the ALP it could knock back Professional hell-raiser repetition of the British Oz Govermnent legislation. This gave it an Richard Neville, the Australian scandal? uifiuence disproportunate to size, which is quite typical of CP poUtics. famous for the obscenity trial of • The Mushrooming As a result, the longstanding and only Oz magazine in Britain, has Laundromat Phenomenon. Why thinly-vielcd antagonism between the two conservative parties had to be diplomatically returned to Australia after seven automated washing centres have shelved when it came to deciding the years, blasting our society. led to the exploitation of modern composition of joint Senate team. As guest editor of this day washer-women, In 1967, howeva, the Liberals obtamed a narrow majority in the Upper House and month's POL magazine Richard • The problem most women have steadily increased it since then. Once thumps home his controversial have—and hate! It itches, it the CP lost this bargaming strength, the opposition to Webster became stronger opinions and calls on a team of depresses, it's hell for your sex and more vocal. life ... and it isn't V.D.! Holt, the then Prune Minister, intervened special writers who slam our before the 1967 Senate elections and system! • Stepping out in drag—Zandra persuaded the Victorians not to usurp Webster at that juncture. Since 1967, Read Rhodes gear goes gay with Sylvia relations between the two parties have and the Synthetics. only deteriorated further, particularly as • The School Kids' POL. Our the Liberals have strengthened their position local secondary students speak Does L.S.D. fry your brains? hi Victorian politics. out against the sex roles they are Three people give their opinions During the Victorian state elections in expected to play in schools. on the controversial drug. May this year, Ihe Libs gained 43 percent of the vote, a gain of 6 percent on their Could POL'S publication of • Derelict Liberation—the fight 1970 total. And while the Country Party result dropped only slightly over the student opinions lead to a to allow our city derelicts to drop out with dignity. Read all this and more in speiialBt this month's POL—if you dare! I I I < ing!

PROVEN BY RESULTS T year PHYSICS 1 B, CHEMISTRY 1 for Med. & Vets. Make sure of your Pass, Credit or Distmction for the Quota.

Also PHYSICS 1 A, CHEM. 1 PURE MATHS 1 A, S. APPLIED MATHS 1.

v^ HUBBARD 212927 62 CHARLOTTE ST. ACADEMY BRISBANE. 4000 MiNCiMLS: Co^ty HitMarri, tA. (ut cUu HOM. Mttfts), MAC. R. A. Squirt, B.A., B.8c., B.Ed.(Hoiis.), fh.O., MAC.C. 79-77 Should the Union encourage coirnnen

W^fm p^^lS ^f**^ '-"?^7 V«^pi'.!. Vi!^ ~.v :s

Above are photos from Commem of previous years:-the beer drinking, pie eating iron-men,the daring pranks and satirical parades. Next years union exec, is thinking of re-introducing Commem. Commem, though known by many between the lines of students, taken far weak, sexist jokes and a few bare female students were the prime targets. names, is traditionally used by Uni­ from where they were caught, have breasts for good measure. A typical As the chances of being caught by the versities tiiroughout Australia to mark their stockings and shoes destroyed, joke from the 1971 "Whacko" was:- players became more likely, most of the graduation ceremonies of the and be well mauled by eager hands in the spectators left in a hurry. Those previous year's students. About all the process. No doubt the students GIRL: "What have I got that other tliat were left had their clothes, and that Commem meant to Brisbanites, would tell you that the giris loved it. girls haven't?" their egos ruined, and several victims both on and off campus, was "Whacko", BOY: "Three guesses." usually became hysterical. Some of student pranks, and the Commem GIRL: "Beautiful eyes?" the giris weren't always so lucky. A few Procession. The Vets.' contribution was a huge, BOY: "No" were always trapped on the oval, and well-endowed papier machc bull, which GIRL: "Personality?" were usually stripped and physically continuall charged other floats. BOY: "No" assaulted. The slosh ball revellers GIRL: "Oh, 1 give in." Unfortunately for its owners, the police usually worked then- way up Mill Road, BOY: "That's itl" pleting buses and cars with mud and The procession was the same every year. usually confiscated the bull's massive genitals. flour, till they reached the St. Lucia Faculties, colleges, and a few clubs shopping centre. Here they added and societies entered "floats" which raw eggs to their armoury, and pro­ dealt with a wide range of issues near ceeded to pelt the shops, the shoppers, and dear to the hearts of every Meanwhile, the campus was not missing out on all the fuji. There was the Iron and their cars. In the year of our Queenslander-namely sex, beer, sport, The pbulic was also subjected to President, Alf Nucifora, a few giris and the Country Party. The only Man Competition, where the contest­ niceties of Commem such as "pranks" ants had to swim the river, run to were subjected to such foul treatment changes to the whole thing each year and "window-shopping". There was (suipped, molested, handfuls of mud were made by the police-whethcr the Union complex, and devour arrow­ the occasional enlightened prank over root biscuits, cold pies, raw eggs, and shoved up theu vaginas, etc.) that a or not the procession would go down the years, but most were of the standard couple of students tried to implement Queen Street; and which placards, cost­ finally a jub of beer. This was spectator of hanging a "For Sale" sign on the sport at its best, and the crowd always criminal proceedings against the umes, and somethnes even floats would Victoria Bridge, or pinching something offenders. They were talked out of it be allowed out of the Q.I.T. assembly demanded that every contestant throw- from a public place (like the Visitors up before he could leave. There was by Alf on the grounds that the area without censorship. The Q.I.T. book from Government House.) Prizes publicity would be devastating (one lads usually locked the gate, or put a also spaghetti-eatuig; the shithouse for the best pranks were bottles of carry, cram, and crash; a bed race; and would hope so), and slosh ball was fire hose across the path of the pro­ beer. Window shopping was one of banned by Union Council. The next year cession to add to the festivities, and the aJI-crafts boat race, where a truly the fu-st elements of Commem to be amazing assortmg of crafts battled their a few dedicated players tried unsuccess­ then it was off for .1 walk through the stopped. It consisted of the congrcgatmg fully to have it revived, knowing full city streets. The shoppers and office way down-river to the Regatta Hotel, m town, late Thursday night, of with liberal supplies of flour, hungers, well that the students were unaware of workers cam eout in droves to be myriads of drunk students from boat why slosh ball had been banned. showered with verbal and visual abuse, rotten fruit, and the chamical warfare trips, parties, and the mok parlia­ weapon—Brisbane River mud. The flour and water bombs, hungers, and mentary degatc. The students then pro­ other such quaint objects. The first highlight of Commem was undoubtedly ceeded to walk (and run) around city Slosh Ball. Brisbane River water was year Engineers usually had a Chinese streets, setting fire to rubbish bins and Dragon float-with a difference. The pumped onto one of the ovals overnight, throwing hungers at police cars. It and by mid-morning presented a foul The most amazing part about Commem "head" was usually a utility (to hold was boring, and expensive, since there was that it was seen by the Union as a the flour bombs, hungers, etc.), while smelling mud patch. A huge ball was were usually several anests. Window provided, and the players revelled in time of public relations with the the "tail" wa?. a wide strip of hessian, shopping was stopped by the intro­ community at large. This was done in held up by t^vo lines of fun-loving the mud. A tug-of-war was usually duction of the fkst large scale Free conducted in the mud at the same time, terms of conscience money to charity Union Nite on Campus, in return for (from the sales of "Whacko"); a pooriy Engmeers. The "tail" would swing into and a couple of sacks of flour would which the police gave the Union a staffed orphans picnic; and blood the crowd,, knocking over all those in appear on the scene. About this time, permit for Queen Street for the pro­ donations (which has continued without its way, and "capturing" fair damsels. tho players would turn on the spect­ cession. The public was also fool enough Commem). 1 don't think the commun­ These were usually office ghlj, given a ators—first their mates, but soon anyone to buy "Whacko" and Commem at random—and throw them in the ity at large got their money's worth. few mmutes off to watch the pro­ Semper. These consisted wholly of piss- cession pass. They would then be tr^ped mud. Needless to say, well-dressed J.S. A Reply To Women's Rights...

Having misrepresented Ihc truth of the The employment of female staff is entirely There arc many male chauvanist pigs about The large amount of breakages and losses mis-rcportcd. All arc entitled to join cither who arc afraid to criticise Women's Lib. 1 do of Union furniture and equipment Union's financial situation Mses. Bardon and Comino then turned Ihcir indignant the Miscellaneous Workers' Union or the not intend to be one of them. I am man necessitates an increased allocation for I'cdcrated Clerks Union and none are enough to criticise where criticism is due. depreciation. attention to wider fields and continued theh misrepresentations. They quote a discouraged from doing so. Moreover, female In return, 1 am prepared to accept criticism The suggesiions that the budget revision rep­ refectory staff arc being paid 27ccnts per of my role in Ihc Union. However, I member of the Union Executive as saying resented "a nifty juggling trick to re-allocate "the contents of this meeting are confidential. hour (i.e. $10.80 per week) over the award OBJECT TO BEING THl: VICTIOM OF funds from 'left' to 'right* " is completely because the Union decided to pay all I'ALSl-HOODS AND INNUENDO. We don't want what's being said in here unjustified. On several crucial votes con­ spread all over campus". What Ms. Comino female staff the male award. Robyn Bardon and Mary Comino arc quite cerning A.U.S. discussed at the same Council didn't say was the the discussion concerned Tlie suggestion Ihat the office staff arc the entitled to complain about Ihe budget for meeting, not only did the 'left' have a an individual member of the Union staff scapegoat of others ineptitude is wrong majority-they had a two-thirds majority! the Women's Rights Committee being cut who, the Executive felt, was entitled to and 1 challenge Ms. Bardon or Comino to back. They should not misrcprcscnl the facts The implication that the budget revision some privacy. Nor did she say that site cite one instance of this. The Minutes as they did in the Election Issue of Semper. favours particular individuals is quite un- had misrcportcd the discussion to others. Secretary's name, along witli that of the 1 believe there were two reasons for cutting princlples. l never asked to be paid an Tlic fact that the Women's Rights Committee Chaimian and myself as Honorary Ihcir budget. The first is thai students voted allowance as Honorary Secretary. The idea regularly excludes people from its meetings Secretary, is signed on llie minutes because narrowly against abortion on demand at the was pul up to Union Council by a member and has yet to report of any of its the staff asked if this could be so. The end of last term. Since the voting was close, of the Union who thought an allowance meetings to Union Council entitles them to Minutes Secretary is always paid overtime the Union Council is justified in continuing lo be appropriate. Council agreed lo an be critical. The clandestine functioning of at penally rates for her work at Council to support the committee and its campaigns allowance of $15 per week. The same allow­ the committee is staggering. The committee meetings. on abortion and other issues. On the other ance was voted to the Chairman of the never officially notified anybody (let alone hand, if budget cuts were necessary, this House Committee. The Activities Director Unfon Council) that they had held a General It would seem that the Women's Rights indication of student opinion would mark and the Editor of Semper Floreat are already Meeting and elected two Treasurers. For Commhtee has a very big chip on its the Women's Rights Commitiee as one paid $40 per week each. that matter, the general meeting must have shoulder when two of its members needed activity to have its budget reduced. Indeed, been well advertised since 1 never saw any to attack myself (and others) by resorting why else would the poll have been held? The budget for the Expo-Uni Committee was posters about it. Perhaps it was only advert­ lo lies and perversions of the truth. I hope left unchanged-quite contrary lo the "facts" ised among members of the Women's that some may see the extent to which This year the Union Council will spend $33,000 reported by Women's Lib. To suggest that it Liberation Movement. they have exercised the technkiue of the more than the fee income for the year. At is difficult to tabulate expenditure on BIG LIE. the beginning of the year the Finance Advis­ Administration is a lie. Administrative expend Meanwhile, Mses. Bardon and Comino turned ory Committee calculated that over-spending iturcs are classified into no less than 46 their attention to the Union's employment There is no need to resort to the same should be limited lo about $20,000. Clearly separate accounts. Expenditure by the Women's of staff with irrelevant refcrances to tactics in return. The operation of the when the mid-year review of the budget was Rights Commitiee is charged lo only the "Masters and Servants Acts". After makii^ Women's R^hls Committee is such that being considered, cuts were made wherever one account. To further hide the spending the point that all staff are hired in the the truth condemns the likes of Mses. Baidon possible. of theh funds many expenditures are made name of the Union Council (who else?-the and Comino. Along whh cuts in the Women's Rights by sub-committees through individual bank University?), they completely misrepresent budget, grants for Clubs and Societies, accounts rather than through the Union the Union's dismissal procedures. The truth The fact that their committee failed to win Activities, Education and Social Acton were accounts where all expenditures are checked is that the Union gives at least as much support for abortion on demand in the cut back in line with expenditure to the to see that they are in line with Union notice to a staff member of dismissal as they opinion poll it instigated forces anyone end of May. Granted there were some items policy. are expected to give of their resignation. to query student support for the of the budget where increases had to be This applies to every employee. committee's activities-regardless of their personal opmions. made. The biggest of these were Administration Earlier this year I spoke strongly against and Depreciation. Administrative wages and Union Council considering the dismissal of The extent of the Union's generosity is even salaries have increased at a greater rate than indivklual employees. 1 argued that the more apparent when compared with other was expected at the beginning of the year. actual employing of staff had been delegated clubs and societies. In the past the Women's to particular officers and that these officers Liberation Movement sought grants from would know whether a particular employee the Union on the same basis as all other deserved to be dismissed. The "Left" caucus clubs. Last year it received a grant of $110.00 disagreed and it is a sad fact that one rank -an amount similar to that given to other and file employee was dismissed by Council political clubs such as the Communist Club. without being given any opportunity to defend himself. However, he was given two This year the average club has received a week's notice and before the fortnight was grant of only $40 from the Union. However, over had been re-instated by a chastened Women's Lib., by a nifty sle^ht of hand, caucus. pretended to become a committtee of the Union Council. Their efforst were rewarded by a grant of $1,000 and the use of a room wilh a telephone. Since then the 'Committee' has operated as the Women's Liberation Movement did-same newsletter, membe^ ship, and so on. The office is apparently used as a convenient resting place for members of Women's Lib. Talking of that money, what dul they spend $430 on during March, April and May? The details submitted to the Union's Finance Office give only the barest suggest­ ions. Perhaps all the women on campus know that my suspicions are unjustified, but I think that a few liberated (?) women arc sitting pretty on a huge rip-off. People such as Mses. Bardon and Comino who live in glass houses shouldn't throw stones.

J r Plebiscite Results 1

RESTRUCTURE PLEBISCITE advise the Council. members of the Executive being elected Suggested alternative No. 1 (b) 249 by the students of the various areas or Do you prefer existing situation (a) 529 (viz. Herston, Turbot Street, St. Lucia Suggested alternative No. 2 (c) 564 or full-time students, St. Lucia Part> Suggested Alternative No. 1 (b) 722 Time Students). The bulk of the QUESTION 4-PRESIDENT or Please indicate your preferences in Council members are elected by the (a) Existing Sintation-The Union has a Suggested Alternative No. 2 (c) 504 numerical order (1, 2, 3, etc.) students of the variotis faculties of the full-time paid President, who is the University (m the larger faculties full- chief executive officer of the Union QUESTION I-GENERAL MEETINGS OF with certain powers, and his chief job QUESTION 2-SIZE OF GENERAL MEETING time students and part-tunc students STUDENTS AND THE AUTHORITY OF vote for separate representatives). is overseebg the day to day running COUNCIL If the Union establishes general meetings There are also some miscellaneous of Union affairs. under Question 1(c) what should be the members of Council. (a) Existing situation-A petition of 100 quorum (i.e. minimum number of persons (b) Suggested Altemative-Thete shall not students may call a 'Union dabate' on a present) at each general meeting, and the (b) Suggested Alternative No. 7-That the be a chief executive officer as such, topic. Persons present vote for or total number of persons voting on each bulk of the members of Council be and some of the present powers of the against the motion at Ihc end of Ihc motion before the meeting? A general not apportioned amongst the faculties President shall be divided amongst speeches. The results of the debate meeting shall be held by convening a accorduig to population as at present certain officers of the Union. are nsferred to the Union Council separate session for each area of the but be apportioned amongst the areas Do you prefer existing situation (a) 1178 but have advisory power only, Union (see Question 3). (listed above) again according to or population. (b) Suggested Alternative No. /-Regular (a) 5% of the student population (about Suggested alternative (b) 544 general meetings of students be held, 650 persons) 526 (c) Suggested Alternative No. 2-Members QUESTION 5JTHE EXECUTIVE the results of which arc to advise (b) 10% of the student population (about of Council shall be elected by all the Union Council on student opinion 1,300 persons) 583 students and each member of Council (a) Existing Sitttation-Tbete is an Executive on various matters. (c) 15% of the student papulation (about shall hold a particular office or chah Committee of the Union, consisting of (c) Suggested Alternative No. 2-As with U950 persons) 615 a particular committee to which he the President as Chairman, the Honorary ' suggested laternalive No. 1 but the shall have been elected by the students. Secretary, the Honorary Treasurer, the In addition there shall be at least one results of the meeting shall delcrminc QUESTION 3-COMPOSITION OF COUNCIL AUS Secretary, a General Vice-President, representative elected by each area and a Vice-President elected by each of Union policy and override resolutions (a) Existing Situation-Vie Union Coundl (see above). the areas (see above). The main job of of the Union Council where there is a consists firstly of the executive (see the Executive is to meet between meetings quorum as the meeting (see Question 2), Question 4), most members of which Do you prefer existing situation (a) 898 oiherWlft'sifch meetings shall only krc' fcteetett-b y all jtlidtirtts, the' bthbt . or •.. Do you prefer existing situation (a) 682 fa) Existing Situation-W a student commits or an offence under the regulations or Plebiscite Suggested alternative (b) 1015 by-laws of the Union (e.g. damaging or stealing Union Property) he may be brought before a Union disciplinary committee. The commhtee has Ihe CONT QUESTION 8-COMPOSmON OF OTHER power to reprimand, fine and/or COMMITTEES of the Union Council and make general suspend a person found guilty of an decisions on the running of the Union (a) Existing Situation-The committees of offence. tliat the President does not want to, the Union, with the exception of a or should not, make alone. Decisions of couple consisting entirely of cx-officio (b) Suggested >l/fernarivc-Thc Union the Executive are effective immediately, members, are elected by the Union should have no disciplinary provisions but must subsequently be ratified by Council at the beginning of its term whatsoever. Union Council. of office. Do you prefer existing situation (a) 1354 or (b) Suggested Alternative-Thai such a (b) Suggested Alternative No. /-That committee, exercising as il does certain some committees, such as Activities Suggested alternative (b) 345 powers for the ninning of the Union, Committee, be elected by a mass meeting should not exist m a formal sense as of students. the various committees shall have this (cJ Suggested Alternative No. 2-That some "executive" power in their specific QUESTION 11-STRUCTURE OF committees such as Activities Committee, areas. DISCIPLINARY COMMITTEE consist of such students that attend each UNIVERSITY OF QUEENSLAND UNION: Do you prefer existing situation (a) 1105 advertised meeting of the committee. If the Union continues to have disciplinary or provisions what should be Ihc nature of Invites nominations for the by-elections for the Do you prefer existing situation (a) 768 following positions on the 62nd Council of the Suggested alternative (b) 58g the Disciplinary Committee? or University of Queensland Union for the balance Suggested alternative No. 1 (b) 362 (a) Existing Situalion-The Disciplirary of 1973: QUESTION 6~ELECTI0NS Committee consists of the President, or General Vice-President, the vice-president 1 Arts (Part-Tinm) Faculty Representative (a) Existing Sintation-An annual general Suggested alternative No. 2 (c) 587 I Education (FuU-Time) Faculty Representative of the Area of the student before the election in which all students may vote 1 Engineering Faculty Representative committee, two student members is held once a year in July. All Union 1 Medicme Faculty Representative Council positions elected by students elected by the Union Council at its 1 Music Faculty Representative are filled at this time. If a position on first meeting of the year, and a legal 1 Science (Part-Time) Faculty Representative the executive (see above) falls vacant advisor. 1 Overseas Student Representative QUESTION 9-RECALL OF MEMBERS 1 Post-Graduate Representative during the year, a by-election in which (bJ Suggested Alternative No. I-A OF UNION COUNCIL students may vote is held for it and all Disciplinary commitiee consisting of tlie Council positions elected by students (a) Existing Situation-Tht Union Council NOMINATIONS OPEN TUESDAY 31st President and the relevant Ar©a Vice- JULY 1973 at 9.00a.m, that are vacant at the time. Otherwise may remove one of its members from President (for example) and a'number of NOMINATIONS CLOSE FRIDAY 31st AUGUST positions falling vacant during the year office by an affirmative vole of at least half the total members of the Council. students selected by lot from the 1973 at 5.00 p.m. AT UNION OFFICE are filled by a vote of the Union Council. membership lists of the Union as in the (b) Suggested Alternative-There shall (b) Suggested Alternative No. I-In manner of a jury, and a legal advisor. Nommations forms are available from Union Office. Patt-Time students will be sent be two elections each year. At each addition to the above provision a (c) Suggested Alternative No. 2-A Nomination Forms upon written request • elections students may vote for approx­ petition signed by at least 10% of the student body (about 1,300 persons) Disciplinary meeting consisting of a high imately half of the membership of ' Any active member of the Union who is a may request a referendum to determine officer of the Union as Chairman, and a Union Council and to fill vacancies in member of a Faculty may nominate for the if a person should be removed from general meeting of at least 5% (i.e. at position of representative of that Faculty, the other half of the Union CounciL Union Council. If a majority of ^tlie present time about 650 persons) or in appropriate cases for the position Do you prefer existing situation (a) 1032 students vote in favour and al least of the student population. of representative of the members of a Faculty who have the same status as 15% of students vote in favour, the Do you prefer existing situation (a) 567 Suggested Alternative himself. (b) 596 person is removed from office. or Any member of the Union who is a Post (c) Suggested Alternative No. 2-A person Suggested alternative No. I (b) 884 Graduate Student may nominate for the shall be removed from the Union Council or Suggested aUtmative No. 2 (c) 244 position of Post-Graduate Representative.. QUESTION 7-COMPOSlTION OF MAJOR if a petition of at least 5% of the COMMFTTEES student body (about 650 persons), or a Any member of the Union who is an Overseas number at least equal to Ihe vote the QUESTION 12-ENACTMENT OF ANY Student may nommate for the position of (a) Existmg Situation-The committees person received when he was elected CHANGES Overseas students Representative. of the Union, with the exception of a to office, is rccewed by the Union. Do you direct Union Council to draw up a couple consistmg entirely of ex-officio ^ No person may nommate for more than one revised constitution on tlie basis of your members, arc elected by the Union Do you prefer existing situation (a) 390 position in these By-EIcctJons. answers, and to submit the full document Council at the beginning of its terni of or to you at further referendum? These positions will be filled office. Suggested alternative No. 1 . (b) 974 These positions will be filled by appointment or 1181 or at the mecUng at Union Councfl to be held (b) Suggested Altemative-That Suggested alternative No. 2 (c) 343 at 6.30 pjn. on Thursday 13th September commhtees with influence over large Do you direct Union Council to draw up 1973 in the J.D. Story Room. financial resources (i.e. House, Fhiance and enact a revised constitution on the and Theatre Committees) be composed basis of your answers? QUESTION lO-STUDENT DISCIPLINE Bill Abrahams of persons elected directly by students. BY THE UNION Honorary Secretary,

7* "Protection'^ ani ^Welfare' Amhropo/ooi<;fs £\\ii\tA [g)j 1830 ft\e aovernmcnt r ^^?0 cotiU rttey See their wiij e^vy^ ^n 1850 norHn and fMCtsjacrci were prolecl the n^hVe^. rno?t of the st)\)H\ wJii ^

1 The Prgtec[ior\ Po(Ou^* Nwis More hnoneu waj Spcni: And rriost oj dye moneu ao^s ^^ Ohlij meJr^t to (ook after —to m^ke thervv Qoodl vwVviUs. Vcrj few jobs zure aborioincj wjVuW ftieu trusted to abonVmey. Wime exVi'\ch in 193Z li: was ohant^ecl to ^ Welfare*^ i^Ur^incs WciTc expecUd t« EDDSL totfY\iUte'' i^U ^>Mh ^ocieU. feveM twouqh ^tnJ&r &r\ii Leathersex ntrver dream of beating or otherwise probably aheady gone through an earlier It is difficult to say whether leathersex well as. the symbolism underlying the emotional turmoil, struggling to accept his world of leathersex. hurting their child may frequently utter is practised more today than over the past a harsh word or send the child from homosexuality, and now he has experiences years. Perhaps it has always been present in Milder forms of sadism and masochism, and inner fights which arc basic to his very of course, abound in modern society with the room for misbehaving. Such actions different guises, and as now, kept locked in may cut as deep or more deeply than^^ nature. Tlie recurrent sado-masochistic a specialized sexual closet away from prying examples from elite groups who may enjoy fantasies of dominance or submission in their power to maintain the status quo, all but the most violent of thrashings." and curious eyes. But certainly, some form {Punishment, pp. 14-15, Penguin, 1972). leather will create a greater hurdle than of sexual sadism and masochism stretches who impress their views on the whole ever before. Not many of his gay friends back into the history of human behaviour. community, and who indoctrinate their Young leathcrmen come to learn, as we will understand even if he tells them of his So probably leathersex is no more than a code of morality. The hicrarchial social all do, that in certain groups, punishment is fantasies, and more often than not, they recent sophisticated form with the same suucture of a competitive culture also extolled as a necessary procedure in the wilt speak of Ihem with a spurious laugh central core. provides many illustrations of dominant- educational process of training. The as 'kinky sex'. Wlielher we wish lo acknowledge our submissive rotes; from the highly successful appropriate 'correction' is usually, devised Often uncontrollably his mind works sexual links with man's history, the study to the failures who are rejected; from the and provided by those in the power positions out elaborate fantasies about bondage as he of past behaviour presents many illustrations police and prison warders who have to for other individuals who often neither wish, sees himself roped to a tree bound and of prisoners from battle fields thrust into carry out the orders of the system lo the nor are able by temperament, nor by helpless before his dominant partner. Or, he slave relationship with their masters, and authoritarian teacher in the process of rationale to accept every power decision is spread-eagled, naked and pegged lo the here and there, pottery scenes that depict disciplinary training for submisavc citizenship. from an elite group. Stories of individual ground awaiting apprehensively punishment captive warriors in sexual subservience and There are many other dominant individuals and group sadism provide many modern for imagined disobedience, as an examinee bondage to their owners. History recalls whose personality gains satisfaction when readers with an outlet for their own interest his master's decision about possible failure. the sado-masochistic practices in the interr­ others have to submit to them, either in sadism and masochism as in the story of In the M-man's moment of submission and ogation chambers of Ancient China, the through theh youth, through inferior the young army trainee who was found to self-abasement to another, his humiliation activities of the Spanish Inquisition, the social status, or through vocational position. be unsuitable material. G. Griffin creates and rejection are persistent emotional peaks prevalence of flagellation in religious practices The Icatherman has probably had many an emotional build-up lo the caning of of sexual erotica that present excitement during the Dark and Middle Ages, the personal experiences from childhood of Van der Haar, showing how adults fre­ as a source of torment-his pleasure and laboratory tortures practised in the con­ jlominant-subraissive relationships and quently debase themselves to humiliate the his pain. There may be inexplicable cravings centration camps of Nazi Germany, and punishment inflicted upon him by others. young. Then he word-pictures the degrading to feel l)ody-warm-leather pass across his nearer to our own times, the mutilated, According to Walters, Cheyne and Banks scene. naked skui, the caress of the stinging horrors inflicted by the dominant authority (1972), it is an obvious fact that people "Ross took a step back and lifted the belt, and the black leather boot to kiss on the submissive and the less fortunate do punish people, and they do so in a cane once more while a long red welt subserviently along with possible self- in Vict Nam. multitude of subtle and not so sublte ways. sprang up, showing the site of the first rejection, uihibitions and questions about They write, The erotic pleasures that stem from stroke. It would be upon Ihat thickening his normality. "Particularly, parents punish children. . . desires to inflict punishment and to receive red line and on either side of it that Alternatively, he is the S-man with a Parents not only whip, spank and beat pain were extolled many decades ago m Ross must lay the next eleven. (Two!' naked slave kneeling before him whom he children, they scold, shout at, isolate the words of Comtc de Sade (sadism) and shouted Ulick, tnd once more the cane is encouraging with a belt lo obey his and withdraw love from their children, Sacher-Masoch (masochism). They provide came hissing down and struck with iW every command, often of a sexual nature somethnes at the sUghtest provocation. the labels and the phalic tentacles that odd sharp thud. . . (Shellman) realised that vary in complexity. In the words Many permissive parents who would stretch back into the web of antiquity as from the stance which Caldron had of Yukio Mishuna who describes boldly his adopted beside the horse-legs apart, own particular sado-masochistic fantasies in shoulders braced-that both Sergeants Confessions of a Mask (Panther, 1972), were having to hold the boy down with "You lead your victim fo a curious all their strength. As the cane struck, hexagonal pillar, hiding a rope behind the whole of Van der llaar's body jerked you. Then you bind his naked body to convulsively, and from the direction of the pillar with the rope, stretching his his head, which was obscured by Caldron, arms above his head. You insist that he came a queer half-stified grunt." put up plenty of resistance and scream (A Significant Experience, p. 26 Penguin, loudly. . ." 1963.) He goes on to assure the reader that, Initiates to professional occupations in "Tlie pleasure you experience at this universities and elsewhere frequently have moment is a genuine human feeling. I to submit lo punishment-centred teaching- say so because at this precise moment learning situations through processes of you possess the normality that is your isolation, ritualized examination successes, obsession. Wliatevcr the form of your unpleasant duties as is required of young fantasy, you are sexually excited lo the nurses, medical interns, through emphasis very depths of your physical being, and upon failure, character distortion through such excitement is entirely normal, increasing specialization and so on. As differing not a jot from that of otiier Moore (1969) points out, men." (pp. 143-144) "Some professional schools sequester their trainees, setting them apart from normal Wliatevcr the fantasies, assuredly many social activities in what amounts to leathcrmen feel alone, secretive, restricted 'total institutions'-military academics and and their fantasies pushed in upon them­ some theological schools provide examples. selves as they hide them from the con­ Other professional schools approximate straints of middle-class or puritanical such social isolation by tlic sheer burden morality. Tlie indivdual Icatherman will have of work demanded of students-classes, thoughts of self-remorse, guilt complexes laboratories, studies and practice. And tainted with evil, and 'It's wrong' feelings. despite the possible commitment of the And, of course, should he seek support for student to his chosen career, at least his self-deprecating conclusions, he will part of the cemands made upon surely find much to add to his ideas about him will be unpleasant and even hazard­ Ills abnormality in the literature of scxologj', ous to his remaining in good standing." within tlie Church and its sermons, and in (Occupational Socialization in Handbook the mental sickness theories of contemp­ of Socialization Theory and Researcli, orary psychology. Yet, no matter how hard D.A. Goslin, pp. 879-880, McNally, 1969) he strives to reject his so-callcc 'perversion' and his 'deviant thoughts and behaviour', Tlicre seems lillie place for surprise that as they arc called, he will still be fascinated things sexual frequently take on a measure and need his fantasies. Theh roots probably of dominance-submissive-punishment ratlicr lie deep in his individual personal make-up- tlian co-operation-undcrstanding-love. possibly in the naughty-boy syndrome of parental chastisement and in the power LEATHER FETISH dominated society with its rat-race The modern male praclioncrs of leathersex characteristics that punish both the come together most frequently in leather successful and the unsuccessful in one way jackets-ptcferably black, in leather boots, or another. Systems of baslardisation, pro- . black leatiier studded gloves, in Levi's or fessional initiation ceremonies will provide faded button-fiy jeans, and other attendant him with further examples of master-slave, products that depict the masculine image. dominant-submissive and elder-junior Tlic heavy S-man is almost certainly to be relationships that prevail in our society with completely in black leather and may have both sexual and non-sexual overtones. Walker tlie fitting, if in the United Slates, tailored and Fletcher (1955) sec sado-masochism as, to the precise measurement of his physique ". . , a sexual by-product of a culture as when purchased from 'Leather n' interest upon the pursuit of power. It is Tilings', Eighteenth Street, San Ftancisco. an important and tragic reminder of the Intrinsic to the leather scene is the fact that Ihc process of human de-sensil- motorbike and the guy who rules il. It is ization which produces the callousness the leather-clad rider on his roaring machine of the torturer, the cruelty of the con­ wliich are the symbols of phalic might, centration camp, the ruthless morality the epitome, the living embodiment of of the totalitarian state is not inherent Ihc fetish, The bikic, clad in black leather in any form of pohtical economy, but from head (o toe, expects and enjoys lite in the demand of ordinary men and attention he and his machine engage as women for material security as the chief they roar through the evening air or in the end of life." (Sex and Society, p. 218, quiet suburbs. Tltc appeal of tlie hot bike Penguin) to many of the leathcrmen is the very element of danger which can be conquered Unfortunately, whutevcr is said to be the by skill. Il is virile. It is masculine, and as causes, the young man's fantasies will surely •fraught with sexuality as with danger recur again and again us he feels his rigid from the thrills of speed and the sight of manhood that is driving hini towards a flashing ground. It has a power that is secret sexual Ufe, alone and often self- greater than his own. The bike becomes an despised for he believes that he is not as mtegral part of many S and M relationships. other men. He can, however, as is natural It is the enigma of their sexual attractions to us all, be encouraged to seek compan* as when the S-man welts his submissive ionship, and look for a friendly leather M-buddy m slave-like fashion into cleaning, relationship where his needs will be better polishing and tendering hte bike's gleaming understood in the minority group. controus. Whatever his background, the gay goy, GETTING TOGETHER who begins to thuik about things leather special motorboke clubs, associations and realises that some of his most inner and group gatherings may be found that urges are driving him to sexual action in a bring members togetiier for mutual contacts, dominant or submissive direction, inevitably spins and excitement. It has to be remem­ j±. Vi ' • If *'^''** experiences tremendous confiict. He has bered, however, that not all tcathermcn play either the topman dominant role Certainly, the further one goes along or the submissive bottomman as homo­ the routine, the more complex and diverse sexual partners, but for those who do, it is become the activities of leathermen. It is «the phallic tenacles that said (Larry Townsend, Leatherman's left to readers' use of their imagination lo Handbook, Dlympia, 1972) that the leather understand more than is presented here, nucleus of the gay bars in San Francisco is so that this print shall not be classified as atwut twenty-five per cent of the total pornographic by those who accept the use stretch back iivto population of bar members. The real leather of 'prison' restraints and punishment as an action seems to be directed and centred educational process in 'noimal* life, yet Ul the major gay bars m Earls Court, who become horrified and disgusted when London, and in a number of specific others depend upon them as sexual stimulant5 the web of antiquity» gay bars in San Francisco. Los Angeles and New York. Other large cities around the world, like Sydney, contain a few S-M ROLE PLAY outlets for the exponents of leathersex, but much of it is tianscient, and contacts For the sake of simplicity and categor­ are only made on a personal basis. isation of human beings, it would be easier to write of the M-man and the S-man, Wherever they are found the leathermen but this is not possible. Leathermen, like usually range along the rear wall ot at other humans, vary enormously from those one end of the gay bar, and may identify m a very limited minority who desire to their needs throu^ a small display of keys. mflict severe physical pain to those whose For example, a bunch of keys may dangle principal interest is sunple submissive from a leatherman's black belt on the bondage to another, it is known that a left-side to indicate his role preference for few S-men do seek during an evening's S or topman, while keys on the right-skle session to draw blood through assault symbol^e his readiness to submit to a from a belt, cane or whip lash to a partner. Usually their posture is quiet and wilUng victim's naked back as he hangs up­ restrained, as if asserting their masculinity side down from a beam, but most often with expressions of command leathcrmen desire no more tlian to have and dominance. It is here that those with their wrists strapped together behind a likuig for the leather scene will find their back and act obediently in a play others with similar interests. scene to 'Sir'. In the United States as elsewhere, the With some M-men, the deshc for longer leathermen advertise in the counter-culture servitude and bondage may lead to a or underground press or a homophile week-end and holiday slave where the newspaper as the Los Angeles Advocate master encircles his neck with a dog where the following advertisement appeared. collar and chained lead to impose Ihc White Slave Needs Master humiliation desired. Chains may also be White stave seeks bike stud leather locked to Ihe slave's wrists and ankles master, Teach me bondage, weights, so that he can be forced to serve as a chains, use of equipment. Write Robert . . naked houseboy doing all the domestic . (name and address given) (Advocate chores and act as a passive overnight slave. No 108. 28th March, 1973) Such scenes are entered into willingly by Similarly in Australia, the following advertise­ both partners and probably provide an ment in a weekly national newspaper outlet for playful fantasy in dominance- appeared as follows, submissive roles. The playful scene appears Male wants contacts interested Master/ to relate little, if at all, to divorce court slave, teacher/pupil discipline type stories of man's cruelty to woman, or relationship. Genuine. All replies bitch behaviour lo a .spouse, or the answered. Box . . . mental torture and nervous breakdowns in heterosexual love. If they relate at all, Other similar advertisements appear in they merely reflect the undclible imprint Venus Publications, 28 Bayswatcr Road, of conditioned youth in submissive adult Kings Qoss. 2011; Gay Newspaper, 103, life when youth is out-grown. Sussex Street, Sydney. 2000. From an advertisement, letters and photographs are While pretences of shameful horror, exchanged, preceding and heightening sex perversions and sadistic deviations come the excitement of meeting an unknown easily to some minds, a scries of best- uidividual who shares a common interest selling novels on the current bootstalls and probably has similar sado-masochistic deal with slavery, whippings and torture. fantasies wiUi a desire to play them out, Outside the leather scene, the Falconhurst using a number of symbolic 'toys'. series endeavours to satisfy the general public's thirst for descriptions of slaves who are bred and used like cattle, sold bartered and flogged. Lurid titles like, Slave's Blood, Slave's Revenge, Master of Falconhurst. Falconhurst Fancy, and many SEXUAL TOYS more titles give readers, according to the publishers, terrible experiences which are The leathcrman with an interest in S and not for the squeamish. They are brutally M usually acquires a number of pieces of frank and unsparing in detail so that llie equipment that make a special appeal to reader's interest in sadism and masochism him. The collection will range from the sliall be heightened and possibly satisfied, possess of a single black leather belt and Tlie master's flogging of his black slave a pair of leather boots to an extensive spread-eagled up-side down and his body assemblage of collector's pieces. It is Ihe wounds smeared with burning pepper and heavy S-man who may go as far as making salt which is described over many pages a special room and ensuring that it is must surely satisfy the general reader, provided witli cross-beams, hooks, harness, for the history of slave trading of the pulleys, symbolic punishment blocks and nineteenth century is but a thin fascade, similar items. (Kyle Onstott, Mandingo. Chapter 6, I3th The leather belt, is however, the most edition. Pan. 1972) t>asic and versatile piece of equipment and fundamental, to almost all sexual scenes. S-M RELATIONSHIPS: LOVE? The black tooled leather belt,-whtlc decorative for the wearer and related to It would seem (Sacher-Masoch and other his manhood, can be used effectively to WTiters) that an S-M relationship is doomed pattern a bare backside on application to last but for a short duration by its (Teachers and fathers fiom the group very nature. Whenever the S-man feels which knows most about theh effect). emotionally for his partner, he would Some guys dig nickle studded belts usually appear to be unable to provide the humil­ for appearance, but Ihey can also be used iation, the debasement and the punishment in deeply involved leather scenes and tequiied by his partner. According to Larry Townsend (Leatherman's Handbook, provide an essential turn-on for sexual Olympia, 1972) some relationsliips last a fantasy. long time and such unions seem to be as Tlie leatlierman's black boots are no stable as a heterosexual partnership, while less important than the belt. Tliey vary others pass as if in the night. With an in quality and styles from rough leather ever-increasing divorce rate in the 'straight' to the smooth half-Wellington types. No world, perhaps too much should not be Icatherman feels dressed without, his boots, expected. As Margaret Mead, the anthro­ especially as they provide Uic basic scene pologist, suggests, man now lives longer for Oie M-nian's boot-licking, boot-kissing than ever before and is more likely lo and boot-cleaning in groovy scenes of outgrow his earlier relationships whetiier dominance-submission. a roommate, a loved one. a business Althougli the sexual fetish focuses mainly partner, or whatever. Tlie 'really-my-typc' on leather, il can and docs concentrate on partner today is not going to be for sure other gear as miUtary uniform parts, Ihe same in ten to twenty years lime, police-type uniforms and attendant equip­ nor is the reader. ment as handcuffs, chains, locks which Wliatevcr the rclatipnships a leathcrman symbolize the restrictions, the authority may establish, it is ccrtairi that he needs and the power structure of much of the privacy like most of us in our relationships 'straight' world. witli a clos? partner. Who are wc to judge In elaborate bondage scene, increased where the pleasures of sexual behaviour stimulation is provided for each partner should lie for the Other Traveller through Willi a serial use of additional toys till this life? It is not our concern, nor our m appearance the M-man's chained, naked business, nor our right to interfere in the and out-stretched body becomes as .in mutual privacy of other human beings no altar of sexual satisfaction for the leatiier matter how monally justified and indignant fetish. Such complex scenes may incor­ wc may feel that tlicy find mutual pleasures porate and hon-mask, a fitted hood, harness, and satisfaction where wc do not. leather bridles and other equipment sliich can be purchased from sex shops in Western Written for countries where sex and sin arc ethically Campus Camp. related. The Uttited States Navy is currently selling its very low frequency navigational system Omega as a general- purpose world-wide facility. Although it has not concealed the system's potential application to submarine warfare, customer countries, notably Australia appear to have turned a deaf ear to the full omega military and strategic consequences of harbouring such politically "hot" installations. Omega accuracy upon which its whole the most likely nuclear war of an un­ inbuilt redundancy is eliminated is a very useful system m a war game. military value supposedly rests, we have known number of days, played out to the The details of how the Omega dilute GREGSON to realize that this is not purely a question second-strike phase. is handled by both sides may be fascinating of physics at all, but one hi nuclear war The questions, answers, and counter- Professor R.A.M. Gregson is a mathe­ both to the physicist and to the political Game Theory. The strategy of nuclear wars questions whidi have emerged ui the New matical psychologist at the UnNersity scientist. But what would the dispute have not yet fought is worked out by computer Zealand dispute are largely nice, precise, and of Canterbury. looked like if we had kept the Royal simulation using variations of mathematical hrelevant. They aee just the sort of questions which I would want my critics to get Society out of it and uistead put applied The diqjute over the precise characteristics decision theory. Thb subject is even more bogged down ui if I were to play a game statistical mathematicians and decision of the Omega navigational system has been complex and abstract than the physics of of psychological warfare against my critics, theorists to work? I don't think External gohig on for months, and has mainly been Omega which we know many well-educated because they are all questions pitched at Affairs would have liked it, but I suspect a conflict of statements between three people cannot follow. At the same time sone the wrong level for discovering what that the conclusions would have been physicists at the UnWerrity of Canterbury qualitative pouits can be made which potential military use Omega has. It does similar to those reported by the editor of and the Defence SecUon of the External indicate the character of the problem. not matter if Omega is 95 per cent The Listener, and I am sure that the Affairs Department. Other hiterested or First, you need to make analyses of reduplicathre on existing systems, it does not problems of communicating their findings ostensibly disinterested parties have weighed hypothetical wars hi which varying pro­ matter if Omega is unprecise, what matters in non-technical language would have been Ul with evidence, views and attempts at portions of your own and your opponent's is the shift in marginal advantage which much worse than those the physicists character assassination in a mild way, but strike forces are elunmated, and you carry you get using it in context against what you faced. If the real issue in the Omega dilute what they have contributed can be seen as this analysis over successwe days in a nuclear think the other side would use for the same are not physics, then the best way to additional evidence for one or other of war running through first-stage and second- fob. The trouble is, if you press for the counter criticisms by physicists is to set the main positions. Doubtless some parties stage phases. This process is so complex that information to do your own calculations up a committee of expert phyacists: if have kicked mto their own goals, as is you can't hituit it, you need a very large you will find it is classified; unlike much the real issues are physics then paradoxically common m any comples and protracted computer to evaluate the consequences al of the physics of Omega. the best strategy may be silence because dispute, and the Prune Minister might be each stage, and much of the information the key data would then be classified. It is a positive advantage for Omega numbered amongst them. you feed mto the analysis is probabilistic, What are our individual responsibilities in not certain. Analyses uitcrms of worst to have predominantly cwilian uses in a The literature circulating on thb dilute a scientiflcally uiadequately-informed possible contingencies, best possible war game, for this reduces cost factors. It is mainly concerned to dilute the physics democracy, where science is not just contuigencies, and mixtures hitermediate is an advantage for Omega stations to be of Omega, and competing navigational physics but includes the mathematics and between the two extremes are necessary. built at more places than are strictly systems, to a non-technical, non-mathematical psychology of applied decision theory as Needless to say no such facilities are needed for navigation, for this increases level so that the layman can see what are well? If it appears that psychological available m New Zealand. the expected value of the system when the key facts. Two pomts are now central; warfare is bemg played out under the guise partly destroyed: a system which does whether Polaris submarmes have Omega of a technical dispute, whom should we tell? Second, at no stage are you ever not decrease in value until its internal receWers, and how accurate Omega location concerned with absolute strength, but with procedures are for a submerged submarine relative suength and destructive potendal. whose commander wants to be able to The value of any potential component in a fire a nuclear missile without breaking issue. nuclear war game is to be assessed not ui surface to take a position fix on some The NZ government, on the other hand, terms of its absolute physical characteristics, navigational aid of higher accuracy than HOWELL contends that Omega is a simple general- but m terms of its marginal advantage over Omega, and thus margmally mcrease the purpose navigation system, innocent of your opponents' resources at each and Phflip HoweU probability of his being detected from nuclear or specific military or stategic every step in a nuclear confrontation. What is a radio engineer at present working in above the sea. The first pouit arises overtones, whidi would be of benefit to occurs at each step is a function, m the physics department at the University of because some of the opponents of Omega NZ on account of its isolated position, etc. probability equations, of what has occurred Canterbury, Christchurch New Zealand. have argued that Omega is essentially a This pose is belied by the secrecy initially; previously. Marginal advantage is set agauist and subsequently by the elaborately casual milhary system, and is part of the nuclear For more than a decade the US Navy has the cost of creatmg a system, or the cost assumption that the government was merely threat posture which involves Polaris been publicising its development and of the threat to build a system when this carrying out the mandate of the electors who, missile-carying submaimes. The counter implementation of a VLF far-field radio- threat may be called as a bluff. m fact, were quite unaware of what was argument is that Chnega is only very navigation system called Omega. The USN secondarily military; whilst admittedly its So, the value of the use of Omega m going on. nuclear missile launching submarines depends describes it, somewhat blandly, as the only signals can penetrate sea water and polar general-purpose, all-weather, global system A number of points of particular interest ice this feature is of negligible unportance on at least the following; the possibility and concern have arisen, especially the of Omega coupled with other systems, all equally suitable for air, surface and sub­ wlien deciding on the merits of the system surface use. The system depends for its clear illustration that administrators with as a whole. At the time of writing it is partially destroyed on a given day ui a the traditional background education m the hypothetical nuclear war, givuig part of a operation on the sequential reception of generally agreed that Omega could be signals from some eight beacons suitably arts and humanities are quite incapable of used by submerged submarines if they had nuclear submarine fleet the marginal ad­ assessing, let alone dealing with, the vantage Ul destructive potential over the placed around the world (see "A navigation suitable recehers: the critics of Omep net around the globe", by Dr A.G. Bailey, hnplications of technology which lead lay it will be so used, the defenders of likely comparable resources available to inevitabely to svar m the short term, and the other side, at the same point m time, New Scientist, vol 42, p. 403). During Omega say it will not because Om^a this period the USN has deployed site- to dereliction and despoliation m the long. provides insufficiently precise information and considered over the sequence of all Nor do the engineers and te(4inicians show such points m one nuclear game. It doer survey teams in a number of countries to justify its use. As the existing radio while tryuig to solicit interest there for up well. In the main they appear all too receivers of Polaris submarines could not matter if Omega is less accurate than ready to act as willing accessories to the other systems: it does not matter if Omega various schemes designed to lower the overall apparently be modified readily to receive cost to the US government. In the main policies of the esublishment; while, Omega signals the first question is a pseudo- is insufficiently accurate to hunch missiles surprisingly and cncouraghigly, a handful in a first-strike attack on military targets the countries mvolved appear to have issue, which can only be sustained by taken these overtures at their face value- of quite senior civil servants have been adhering to the exact and in the context if it is accurate enough for a second-strike very brave in their opposition to govern­ on large population centres. To decide just as a huge section of the technical press mfsleadmg words 'Omega receiver', and to which covered its mcepdon and growth ment policy. technical oversimplications on both sides whether it is worth fightuig agamst an Omega-equipped Polaris fleet, as compared seems to have accepted the system itself In orde to avoid any misunderstanding, of the dilute, liie second question about relatively uncritically. However, it has now pardcularly the blanket charge of anti- Omega accuracy is much more interesting with one not so equipped I would, in a war game analysis have to analyse out a become evident that there is a great deal Americanism, It should be noted from the because it leads us into the real nature more involved m this scheme than has outset tiiat the US Navy has never made any of the logistics hivolved. complete wax on the computer usmg probability equations whidi take hito been generally recognised, namely military, attempt-until embanassed by local polirics- account the whole of the PoUris fleet, strategic and politi^ considerations arisuig to hide tiie subsurface aspect of tiie Omega NUCLEAR STRATEGY the whole of the Omega system, and the chiefly from two of its unkiue charac­ system. Indeed, as well as its open mention expected destroyed fraction of both after teristics: the facility for subsurface use; in many research and development papers To make sense of the arguments over and the placuig of a navigation grid over published ui Uie scientific and engii»ering the territories of third parties, whether journals, Uie USN has drawn ^edfic they wish Ihis or not. attention to tiie considerable miUtary and Some of these aspects and their con­ strategic advantages accuruig from such sequences have been brought to light use. Thus, a brochure prepared by tiie D loyer ionos.ohero and examined to varying degrees during Naval Electronic Laboratory Center, San a protracted public debate taking place Diego, and published hi 1967, is headed: over the past two and a half years- "OMEGA a worid-wide general-purpose punchiated by considerable protests-and navigation system for air, surface, and conducted largely between the New Zealand subsurface". And, under an illustration Day government (advised by its Muiistry of of a nuclear submarine witii the caption Foreign Affairs) and a gtoup of university "Use in surface and subsurface navigation", academics in a variety of disciplines, some one finds: of whom are scientists and communications "Omega is the only navigation system which engineers. is as well suited for submarines as for ah- Briefly, the anti-Omega party contends crafl or surface vessels, Its low frequencies that the presence of such a station con­ penetrate sea water to aoDrcciatc depths.... Elecrnc ^. stitutes a prime nuclear target in tlie vent thus a completely submerged submarine ii-t- SO Km of hostilities; that its presence on NZ can be guided through any seas . . . field lines territory-since it serves as a back-up Only reception is required, so the sub­ system for an existing nuclear weapons marine user does not reveal his position." delivery system-commits its host country Again, the same document-surely with irrevocably to US foreign policy regardless tongue in cheek-under the heavy type of the wishes of the NZ people; that, due heading: "OMEGA PROVIDES INTER­ to sophistication, the user-equipment costs NATIONAL BENEFITS" lists "patrol, are so high as ot preclude any viable station keeping, and locating targets". Dawn purpose locally, due to a peculiarity of These tilings are of particular moment in radiowave propagation, but that it would view of Uie NZ government's repeated ^-v certainly create considerable mterference denials that Uic system is of any special with a number of other services; and that military value. the huge fust cost-variously estimated as lying between $4 and $6 million, together Omep's technical background with an annual sum of 300,000 dollars A global VLF navigation network cm cover the whole world with relatively for maintenance-is a completely unjustifmble The particular significance of subsurface use lies in Uie difficulty of communication few transmitters by cmplo>-inB tbe natural waveguide formed between the expenditure on an hiternational system by and navigation by submarines running com­ surface of the Earth wid the Ionosphere's lowest or D layer. Ships would a country which evidently has not lieen able to find the limited funds requhed to pletely submerged. The sea absorbs all navisatc by comparing the phases of identifiable signals received from two or provide coastal radio-navigation facilities except the very longest wavelengtiis of tiie more transmitting stations. The US Navy's Omega system is based upon eight arounds its shores durbg the 25 years electromagnetic spectrum. Naval engineers radio stations. Existing stations are in Hawaii, Trinidad and Norway; another dnce the end of World War II. Above all, soon discovered tiiis fact before World War near New York, Is to be moved farther inland; others, still to be negotiated with they contend that the government has no I. Thus tiie wavelengths presentiy used foreign governments, may indude install.itions in the Philippines, in New bushiess considerhig permitting the histall- corre^ond to frequencies lyhig between 10 Zealand or Australia, and on one of the islands to the cast of Africa. The ation of any milituy or quasi-roOhary and 40 KHi, over which range the atten­ syi -m should be fuUy operational by 1972 or 1973. . system belonging to a foreign power without uation doubles from about 1.1 to 2.2 dB/ft. first informing the people of the tetithre Uiere ore two hnmedlate consequeiuKs: ulvantj«es tad dindvuitages u they toe first, to achieve appieclable ranges, enormous < them, and gobig to the eleclroite on the •etial systems are required at the tran»- mitters, operating at very high power levels. of launching of tiie first Transit satellites Second, since a submarine cannot carry such all radio-navigation systems depending an aerial (even Uiough it might be able upon ionospheric propagation of their to generate something approaching the signals were obsolescent. The pending intro­ power level) tiie communication is one duction of the US Air Force geostationary way only. This is suitable for administration satellite system will make tiiem obsolete for and command, but not for liaison and all purposes except use by submerged vessels tactics. (There is some doubt anyway since tiie very high frequencies used, of as to whether a submarine ought to break necessity, by the satellite systems cannot silence during an operation-cxcept in dire penetrate Oic surface of the sea. This state emergency-since to do so tends to give of affaus leaves the only groups seriously away its position.) Accepting tiiese interested in tiie continued development limitations, during World War II Germany of the Omega system as Uie naval authorities built tiie great VLF sender Goliath near of tiie Western nations-tiie USN, RN and Calbe on tfie marshes of tiie River Milde. French Navy-wilh perhaps a limited sivilian Radiating 0.7 MS at 16 KHz, tiie German mterest by the merchant tanker fleet Navy could transmit messages and provide owners, for whom the system is adequate a direction-finding facility for submarines and perhaps less expensive than the satellite mnning submerged witii tiieir aerials down systems. to 25 feet, anywhere in the oceans of the From the military viewpoint Uiere is world. much merit for a number of reasons, in When tiie US, in its turn preparing the combined service and civilian use of an against World War HI, commenced bo tuild essentially vulnerable system. The primary up a nuclear-powered submarine fleet for strategic consideration lies in the fact that launchuig nuclear missiles it, too, began to a navigation aid witii mKcd civil and military develop previously neglected VLF commun­ utility, apparenUy partly under the control ications and navigation facilities. The of foreign governments whose reliability in engineering wotid was treated to a series time of war is not wholly predictable, is of spectacles in the successive constmction likely to survive longer tiian an installation of the stations at Hhn Creek, Washington; (such as North West Cape) whose purpose Cutiei; Maine; and North West Cape, is single and admitted. Secondary consider­ Australia. At the same time stations in ations have to do with costs. The aerial such places as the Canal Zone, Hawaii, and at Nortii West Cape cost about $100 millipn; several European locations under NATO while those of tiie Omega stations could lie USE IN SURFACE AND control, were upd ated. For all of these between zero and about $5 million each, and aerial installations are colossal. Theh depending upon the extent to which the SUBSURFACE NAVIGATION roofs comprise wire nets, covering hundreds host countries could be persuaded to of acres of ground, slung from bevies of underwrite tiie system in return for tiiis Omega is the only navigation method that is as masts about 1000 feet high or between supposed control or whether the US tiic mountain walls flanking selected deep, government has to stand tiie whole cost. well-suited for submarines as for [lircraft or sur­ wide valleys. From a miUtary point of Again the use of a catenary slung between view such structures arc impossible to a conveniently spaced pair of high face vessels. Its low freq-uencies peiietrate sea- conceal effectively; at tiic same time tiicy mountains obviates the construction of are terribly vulnerable to destruction by groups of 1000-foot masts. water to appreciable depths. They also travel missiles. Both these disadvantages have been Unfortunately for the host country's a source of openly admitted worry to the through sea ice. Thus a coir.plete!;,- submerged integrity and the safety of its population, US Navail authorities for the past 15 years the presence of such an installation con­ and more. Captain Walter, a US Navy aerial submarine can be guided by Omega through any stitutes a prime nuclear target in the event designer, commenting, has written: "The of hostilities . To its enduring credit the need to control the deployment of nuclear .sea.s, including those thai lie bene;ith the frozen US Navy was quite frank about this aspect. powered and nuclear armed undersea Wc find in tiie Proceedings of the US Naval craft shares strategic and tactical import­ poUu" r(»gi()ns. Only recepli'iji is retiuired, .st; tlie Institute these comments: ance with tiie Polaris (sic Poseidon) missile submarine user does not revt;ai his •jD.'^ition. itself. Besides providinJB command commun­ "In wartime many bases would be unten­ ication these stations also make navigational able if not destroyed. . . If such stations guidance for tiic submerged submarines transmitting orders and navigation instiuc- simpler. Thus, in Uie anticipated event of tions were knocked out Uie submarine This iilastntion /.v frC'i tho brcchurn di-^trhuevdby tne US Nwy 0'''EGA Proicct Office in theh being "taken out" quite early in a carriers would find tiiemselves in tiic nuclear action, it is imperative to have position of tiie mythical Cyclops. . . Naturally counUics on whose territory The brochora u t,rrc(/ "Oy'lIGA ;j WcriilvJidv On-vrol Pufpow X.r'iQ'ttiortift System lor Air, back-up faciUties to replace them. The Surfed and SiJbsuff,ice." Omega system can provide the necessary the various mstallations associated with redundancy. To grasp its relevance to tiic use of nuclear mis.sile weapons in navigation we must consider briefly how general, and submarine missile carriers submarines are normally navigated, and the in particular, arc being built would WHICH TWIN IS THE TORY? restrictions that apply in time of war. draw nuclear retaliation onto their territory." Reprinted below are statements on the proposed Omega base by the Each vessel carries its own computer and previous Liberal government's spokesman on Omega, Mr Peter Nixon and The US Air Force has been, if possible, caesium-beam clock, the NAVDAC unit being tiic responsible Minister in the present Labor government, Mr Charles even more candid in its statements to the programmed to deliver "best position" Jones. See if you can figure out which twn is the Tory. effect tiiat tiie deploymcnl of such install­ estimates from data supplied by several ations overseas furtiier contributes to the different inputs. In times of peace when survival of tiie US by reducing the numbers security is not of the strictest order the of missiles which would be launched submarine may surface and employ- directiy onto tiic North American continent variously-asUo-naviga tion instruments, aerials during an initial strike. This statement Next, the petition is quite, correct, as I understand it, in saying that a for the reception of navigation-satelUte makes an Omep station something of a missile equipped submarme must know its position exactiy before signals, Loran C signals in suitable areas, and Trojan horse. And it may be noted witii launching a missile. It is quite incorrect, I fear, in saying that exact so on. Tlie information so obtained is used grim amusement that whereas Uic Greeks to update the ship's inctlial navigation position position fixing can be obtained only from tiic Omega system. made a gift of their prototype Uic US system (SlNs). Despite improved techniques, In fact, it cannot be obtained at all from Omega, which provides is selling its updated models! this system requires correction about once posirion-fbcing accuracy of the order of plus or minus two miles. every 12 hours to keep the accumulated drift It is also important to note that tiie Missile equipped submarines, I am advised, use much more accurate error below about one nautical mile. In fact, frequency-correcting control of the network, systems. usmg guidance from the Transit satellite said to be based on Uie llaikii, Hawaii, system the position niay be determined to station as master reference, is at all times I do not know which "experts" have declared that enemies would witiiin a few tens of yards, Uie ultimate firmly in the hands of Uie US mUitary destroy each others navigational systems. This would certainly be a accuracy depending on how well the shape authorities. This arrangement allows two departure from traditional practice, which is that enemies use, ratiicr than of the Earth is known in various localities. things. First the US can inject coded destroy each others systems. messages for communications in the form This position, however, alters dramatically of non-random phase shifts that would be As to the actual emissions from an Omega transmitter, it is not true tiiat once there is a need for tiic vessel to recognised by the computers on the some 'secret' characteristic can be imposed by an outside authority with­ remaiii submerged for any lengtii of tune. monitoring submarines-thus denying foreign Both USN and Rtyal Navy strategists have out the knowledge of the operators of that transmitter. If wc do have countries their supposed independence of an Omega station here it will be operated by the Commonwealth, it indicated that It is no longer permissible control. And, second, the US can deploy to surface any sort of aerial on account of will be completely open to public inspection like any other navigational anothe class of phase shifts which would aid, and it will certainly not be permitted to perfonn any function otiier an increasing muUipticity of fonms of anti­ alter the lane positions, and so deny access tiian that of navigational guidance. submarine warfare surveillance. The vessel to the systems by those not previously consequentiy becomes increasingly despondent in the know. upon the accuracy of the SlNs system, and its radio-navigational up-dating as tune Even though the mihtary and strategic passes. The stabilising systems m the implications of Omega might appear to have missiles do not provide course corrections gone largely undebated, they have received to offset initial launching errors (a common some attention, particularly in Uic US itself. The Minister for Shipping and Transport yesterday defended the proposed misapprehension concerning their function) A number of autiiors writuig in the prestige Omega electronic navigations system for Australia. journal Navigation have commented from and thus a close knowledge of tiie vessel's He said there was nothing sinister about the system. launching position is required. This is of time to time tiiat tiie Omega system is tiic order of a nautic.nl mile when fuing too sophisticated and expensive for normal It was "just another navigational aid for peaceful shipping enterprises", marine navigation, and that in any case there against "dislribuled" . "soft" targets, for he said. mstance the centres r population during is no present need for its accuracy. They a retaliatory strike; bii becomes progressive- have clahned tiiat it was created in response to military requirements, particularly to ly_ tighter against vari( is classes of strategic (The Minister for Transport) said tiiere were already some Omega targets during pre-emptive strikes. A single provide an independent navigation facility for the Polaris submarines. Commander stations operating overseas with limited coverage, Otiiers would be needed running fix from tiie Omega network for an effective world wide network. will suffice for tlic former; but a whole Haines, RN, along wiUi other British strategists, has likewise drawn attention to series of processed and averaged fixes, "If a station is established in Australia, it would be operated by my its use for submarine navigation when requiring more tune, is necessary for the department as another aid lo navigation", he said. latter. It foUows th.n he longer a boat has otiier existing systems will noi serve. lo stay down, and tii^ farther it has to run Finally, it is of especial interest to learn "1 believe Omega should prove to be of great assistance to the big oil from its last known p sition, tiie more Ihat the USSR has set up its own network tankers, ore carrying ships and large cargo vessels which arc daily dependent it is upon VLF methods. of sL\ VLF navigation beacons in an approaching and leaving our shores. Omega-type system in order to establish comparable faciUties for its own submarine "Some rather sensational claims and predictions have been made about Strategic and political aspects fleet. Omega in some quarters and I must put the record straight," he said. The Omega sysstcm is largely unclassified It follows tiiat any nation wliich erects "Omega is just anotiier navigational aid for peaceful shipping enterprises." apart from the details of tiic circuitry such a beacon on its territory is playing involved and the assc -ited hardware. For host, albeit unwittingly, lo a partially the past scvctu! years 'lie US Navy has run disguised US military installation which is an Omega Project OflKC, whose purpose an adjunct u« an existing nuclear weapons In case you still can't pick between the cheep and tiie goat, Mr Jones' Is to advertise and sc! ihc .system in systems of the firsl importance. In so statement was published on tiie Cohunt "Fmnicrs Weekly" on 23/2/73 various parts i • Ihc v 'Id :is Ihe ultii 'c doing it comproniiiies its own sovereignty and Mr Nixon's .•stairmcnt in the Lauiucston "Examiner" on 9/4/71. lu gencral-puri" "sc iia- jtio.n systems • ue intrhisicaily better acc iracy. iioiii tlit time ^ont'.'7-^aae el\5 The Univcf^ty ... . Dan O'Neill Many people are asking what became of the student movement of recent years. In what follows I would like to raise some points about this question, coming at it from the point of view of the relation between the university and democracy, one of the central concerns of the student movement. It seems to me that a lot of connections made by the movement were made under the pressure of necessities incident to organising protest and resistance, too abruptly and without the care that provides adequate theoretical perspectives for permanent growth. I feel that if we begin to retrace some of this ground in a new phase of communal discussion the movement may re-enierge with greater awareness and greater strength, more reflective and less subject to the emotional repercussions of its own ebb and flow. Perhaps also more realistic about where it fits into the struggle for a radically different social order.

First I want to put forward a view of the movement's development, the growth of a vwdening of viewpoint so rapid that it grasped at the theories nearest at hand to try to make the links necessary for self-understanding and continued organising. It did this in such a way that a real opening-out to history and the world was accompanied by the growth of an illusion as to its own interests, knowledge and capacity to effect change.

1, The theoretical preconditions fot this could be used but just for one mam one, of the student movement became declared anti- In any case, to continue the story, there movement were laid down in the rebirth look at the governing boards. The director capitalists and anti-imperialists. were soon groups everywhere called things of socialist ideas in Britain in the late 50s. of this, the director tf that, government like Revolutionary Sodallst Students Alliance There was already a 'new left' calling representatnes, a few bouglit-off staff (R.S.SJ\). When unwersity autiiorities itself by that name when C. Wright Mills members. No students at Ol 'WORKERISM' went on hindering poUtical oiganiang in and otiiers began writing of such posnbiUty They were various ways students were led to see m in the United States m the early 60s. So when simply products. 3, The point I want to emphasize is that practice tiiat the fust student rcvolu broke out soon after, however various students may have differed a) the University was in certaui respects there was already a new conception of capitalist- 1968 Ul their knowledge about the system, there simply part of the system Industrial society ready to interpret tiie feeUngs was now a new and common orthodoxy that and later of impersonality and moral deadness articubted 2. But all tius might never have been seen served, mtellectually, a conceptual and psychological b) tiiat not only hi its government but also by Mario Savio and others. There was already, as if from the outside, as an oppressive function for many people. It was possible to deter­ in its day-to-ilay teaching and liaming it quite the beginnings of a picture of how the modem totality, were it not for tiie fact tiiat mhie a continued orientation of energies, to often did not concern itself with the real worid University fitted mto society. It was quickly there were people in the world who were organise and Imk a number of distinct perceptions that was capable of producmg Vietnams. seen that in 'advanced' societies, not only completely outside it and who were beuig of social reality, to establish and consolidate was there the private and inesponsible ownership oppressed by it and for it. The Vietnamese one's sense of solidarity m struggle with others, The university too became the object of of the means of production, distribution and supplied among so many other gifts to the to understand oneself anew withm history, to attack by the student movement. Because of exchange, but also the mote and more necessary human spirit, a permanent perspective on the defmc a fraternity with old leftists (though the preoccupations and the perspective out gearing in to these of the total means of advanced societies (represented in their fullest not e.g. to join the C.P.A.), and to set down a of which the attack arose it led to a certain communication. This was the factor which tendency by the U.S.) showing the repressive possibly life-long programme of work and way of characterising the university, which produced the Marcusian vision of a society nature of the toUility. Sympathy with their study m order to fill out the taking up of while true is not the whole tnith. It focussed structured without chinks to dominate tiie just struggle made it possible to see myth such decisive stances. on that whole dimension of tiie university sp'iiit of its citizens in the service of the on­ after myth dissolve: the cold war, the 'aid' that gave it a clear place hi the system going system. Communication was the system to third world countries, the necessity of You misread me if you understand this as confronted by the anti-capitalist, anti-imp­ hi its spiritual dimension, providing its own development, the nature of parliamentary a 'psychological' explanation of tiie commitment, erialist stance. The university vras seen characlCT-stnicturcs, myths, fads, visions of democracy etc. etc. 01 an explaming away. I am merely pomthig to a primarily as the mind factory withhi the world (e.g. 'the cold war') and justirications fact of intellectual and emotional life that capitalism, an hitellectual part of tiie Ul every sphere. It mcluded all the informal To deal only with this country, it became goes along with the canting to new positions. capiialist system, designed soon after and formal procedures of education from the apparent to students the more they became I hold that both tiie positions ofanU-capitolism the steam enghie and seentingly for a morning disc-jockey to the university degree. mvolved hi protest against Vietnam and and anti-imperialism are necessary. It is simply purpose as utilitarian. So tho movement in fact it became possible to see why even the against conscription, that these things tiiat getting to them mtellectually is only now became anti-capitalist, anti-imperialist former might need the latter. It became were not simply abticrations of the system, the Tint part of taking them seriously. They and anti-university. possible to sec the university as primarily they were the system itself operating on one can remain formal, schematic, abstract. Then the source of trained hitellectual manpower of its fronts, to protect its own hiterests as tiiey serve the personality of the committed As the hiterests of the student movement for the system. Production - distribution- a totality. Thus an important ntinority of peison by giving him a certain kind of security. pioUfeiated and as hivolvcments grew also exchange - communication. The whole tiling students came gradually to consider Vietnam witii otiier sections of the struggle for > gohig so well that it need never slop. The as part of a wider problem. All sorts of radical change, particularly with the university reproducing along with the rest connections got made fairly quickly then, But he does not necessarily develop hito any workers' movement, the thhiking became of it: technicians of production, technicians connections between theories, feelings and understanding of them as phases in a permanent broader and broader hi its categories, of consumption, technicians of consent To facts, so that hi a surprisingly short period movement that demands to be itself served by less apt for fine discrimhiations, less patient make sure of this any number of devices of time, around 1968, most of the leaders study and work. of complexity. For some, the real underiyhig feelhig whatever the words used, was 'smash terms more and more grandiose and heroic. the university'. For others the university was It took only the defeat of the Uberal seen always macroscopically, as if from the CP. Government to deflate that huge outside, as if the only honourable state object and reveal, in the bland uiside it were one of internal exile, atmosphere of ALP rule, how much of the former rhetoric of the movement had been A kind of workerism grew whereby merely symbolic. Even in the last couple of students had to be dcHncd not in terms years before the election the issues of of theu actual 9 to 5 life in the institution Racism and Sexism and the question of the but in termsof a rather abstractly conceived whole industrial system's involvement in "role' in capitalist society, so that the ecological mess had introduced factors which Ihcy were really 'mental labourers', a part the global 'theory' of the movement could of the working class, the part of it m the not begin to accommodate. Simultaneously mind-factories. all three new issues gave rise to the emergence of a number of practical interests for many Much of this reflected the leadership of the students which were integrated into theh movement by students who.sc real interests lives al levels deeper than their supposed by not in study or in knowledge in any interests in capitali.'ini, imperialism and tlic particular sphere, but in the world 'outside' university. So it would appear that practice univcnsities; these were the sort of students and theory have fallen apart quite spectacularly, for whom univer.sities represented (not in while everyone continues to talk of 'the system' theory but in fact) .nercly a free space, a in a way that suggests merely 'the world, the •youth' !;pace in which to move and regard, flesh and the devil.' criticise and organise against the system which 'included' the universities. As has become UNIVERSITY AS MATRIX clear now, such leaders were neither students nor workers, but temporary phenomena thrown 5. Obviously this situation will not be sorted up by a historical conjunction . out in a hurry. Nor without the emergence of a far less emotional form of solidarity than we It was tliinking origuiating in Ihat illusory have seen so far. For it demands an intellectual position that led to tiiat self-understanding of and moral senousncss that undertakes the sort the student movement and those tiicorics of the of inquiry and discussion not yet existing among uiuveisity as part of social change tiiat now have those who want an alternative society. Wliat 1 to be transcended. want to do here is to take up one of Ihc issues involved, yet one that is fairly central, for it Such views were the followhig, which are not is the unhfcrsity alone within this society uitcnded as an exhaustive hsi but as indicative that is even remotely the matrix of such of a way of thmkmg from wthin universities as an intellectual and moral concern. if not really withm tiicm but outside them; or if ivithin them, then m that position on behalf of people outside. STUDENT-STAFF-WORKER CONTROL i) Universities could become 'red bases' from which to bring about a process of revolutionary 6. Because of the perspective from which change. it raised the question the former movement ii) Universities could become the first did not go to the root of what is wong with institutions withm capitalism to reverse tiie universities. Thus it did not even adequately the psychological mechanism of authoritarianism clarify the real links between the universities which is mdispensable to the functionmg of and the continuance of capitalism. all capitalist organisations. iii) In association with this process there In the present circumstances, even if student was the need for a sort of missionary work -staff-worker control were instituted m outside, where, within the student-worker the university it need not lead to any great alliance, students would catalyse similar improvement (one hears of cases of workers revolt m other work-places. backing the administrative staff against students) iv) The university would be the first because: institution under capitalism to move towards i) the victory would not becessarily have been socialism by gaming real democracy, meaning the culmination of a self-educating praxis a) autonomy with respect to the larger canymg along ivithin it the growth and society embodiment of new values and modes of b) student-staff-worker running of relating to one another. Control wiH not be universities. for the sake of autonomy and creativity and How much easier it would be to sit under the trees independent critique unless these have been with Fred Robinson and wish upon a star It would be tiiefirs t institution to be the nerve, manow and means of the process How much easier it would be to wait for the controlled by the people workuig there leading to control. Control will not suddenly Second Comity, polish my Bible by day, from 9 to 5 each day. confer these values on previous conformists of and bake home made bread by night whatever variety. v) In a final move all the above was seen How much easier it would be if Jesus had saved as dmply elitist if it was not shnply a u) a great number of the things wrong with us all and vegetable pies and meditation took the world away part of the more widespread movement the universities are deeper than theh government How much easier it would be if the v»holc deal wasn't, so complex for self-management and workers' conttol« or-lack of democracy m departments, For example, It was to be workers' control of universities. tiie prevalence m nearly everybody withui them of and things were dearcut and action easy traits Uke competitiveness and obedience to How much easier it would be if the revolution had come and we Hence, the always hovering conclusion irrational authority. It may turn out that even realized it didn't solve it all of comic-book marxism, that the student gaining more demoaatic controls will not get How much easier it would be to have a theory everyone believed in movement and any healthy tendency within at these vices, wliich go on behig perpetuated and black-and white toas the way to see things unWersities are just an aspect of the working ui tiie society surrounding the umversity and are How much easier it would'be if my dogmatics was rig^t and yours was wrong, class movement anyway. present m all new members, and the long-time sun did shine on everyone iii) the victory might not have come via the complete and ineversible revolution of the present How much easier it would be if people weren't bom black THE HUGE OBJECT sterile class-room situation. Any changes that or female, or in poverty do not radically enter this area can only be super- How much easier it would be if someone hadn't bothered to own the means structural and containable. of production and Marx had died a happy man- 4. There was mdeed a lot wrong with tiiat How much easier it would be if we didn't have to re-understand whole analysis of the world and society THE CUSS-ROOM IS SICK. what 'politics* means and what people are and the university as part of both. You How much easier it would be if I didn't have to start have only to look at the present state of 7. The class-room is the real guts of the sickness. listening to you and you to me, student life on Australian campuses to It is there that the daily processmg of capitalist- instead of the sourids of tout own voices see that. For if tiiere really had been a hidustrial society is ensured by years of intenovc How much easier it would be if I sad down with you development of hiterests and of practice bey­ distortion of learning, years of destmcth'e 'character and you cat down with me and we worked something out ond single issues to an interest in capitalism traming.' There are at least four aspects of this and imperialism and tiic place of the univ­ situation that need changmg. Changes hi these, and that lasted for all time- ersity in perpetuating them then the a movement to change tiiese, wouldmeanthe How much easier it would be if we didn't live like prisoners, movement would still be vigorous today. beginning of a number of other tilings,mcludhi g qiending our days padng up and down But Ul fact the development had never a rational movement towards democracy in the ^-andotir niigbt times struggling with the lock. been much mote than a conceptual, uraversity and a realistic and permanent involveme­ ••>';J>..^^v••'•;^^^;5^:"^;••;'•:V;;V••;•:^^ ANON. --'^..^ notional one, from Vietnam and con­ nt of this movement, on a basis of real knowledge scription to tiie-things-making-them- and resources, inthe anti-capitalist and anti- necessary. Despite occasional action on unperialist struggles. The four aspects are: tiUngs like the South Africa regime, i) The nature of the research done. This is there was never any growth of an not only bad because it is occasionally hiterest in or practice concerning all directly in the service of evil ends, but also the other aspects of capitalism ot because, by and large, in every field, it is unperialism that make up a worid-wide and structured into the sort of empirical or nation-wide system of a complex of conceptual assumptions giving rise to the problems beyond Vietnam and the usability of research by the dominant socio­ university. There was never, ever among economic powers rather than by the oppressed. tiic leaders, much solid knowledge of the Deeper than this, the criteria of precision, relations of imperialism with Latm accuracy, 'scholarship', generated by decades America or Africa or other parts of of this lead to the diversion of most of society's Asia, nor much analysis of what kind of most systematic and disciplined thinking away capitalism Australian society presented from areas that might lead to the sorts of wiUihi the tines of force of America and insights and imagination most capable of Japanese corporate capitalism. In fact the enabling projects of alternative relationship anU-hnperialist, anti-capitalist, anti-university among human beings, fo say nothing of an stance turns out to have been not much alternative social order. What examinations more than a sort of hitellectual superstmcture arc to the transmission of knowledge, the Ph.D. based on a set of oppositional and fairly requirements ate to its discovery. emotional attitudes Imked together in a ii) The content of the courses. Despite years relatively arbitrary way. These attitudes were of criticism these arc still at the mercy of attitudes of conflict and frustration with controllers trained to keep within boundaries tiuee tiungs: Vietnam as an issue, conscription now rendered mote and more meaningless as a common threat to a whole age group and and often dangerous liy the many inter-locking the Liberal-Country Party Government crises in the real worid which the disciplines as a lifelong dcadenhig environment of hiadequately reflect. mcredible boredom and stupidity. Those US) The teacher-student relation. This rektion three tiUngsh i relation for a number of years is based on a theory of knowledge that sees it formed a mighty object for emotional OS something transferable from one mental rejection, one that elicited more and more place to another. It is something that can be energy of opposition in a movement that digested if properly fed to Uie animals, or rationalised tiut opposition hi schematic deposited away in the store-rooms of thi; mind for c^L/p ri ryf. tj .

The idea of a university is based on the fact further use. Ten perceptive minutes inside a by the present organisation of the university of the Robbins Report and the Martiti Report of human hitellectual community; implicit class-room show how bad this is in practice. because it is a dangerous Ihmg. It demands the with their facile conception of the university hi it are values presupposed by the public After years of discouraged autonomy inthe presence of the other resources of as a supplier of 'human capital' for the system, and co-operative nature of human language; schools, students arc not liberated here personal growth. That is to say, a whole set of This was the whole conception summarized hs continual growth as a constitutive factor and but made mote subtly dependent on 'one possible inter-relationships between people Uiat too abruptly by tiic student movement as the an agency of the whole project of being who knows' and can plan for them whole would foster and be the outcome of mutual mind-factory and degree-shop, and becommg human. The university as courses with their appointed phases in which critique and constant discussion. The fust mtcUectual community discovermg and tiicy will eventually know what he knows. tiimg to go hi the pursuit of knowledge would As well as being a failure of subtlety and of transmitthig and discussing knowledge is Paolo Frehe (whose Pedagogy of the Oppressed' be the present hierarchies withm departments, uisight this was a strategic mistake by the based on values presupposed by human discourse. ought to be given out free to each student by and the present hierarchiacally controlled pscudo- student movement, for it left tiic resources of Thus Uiere is always, even when most tiie student union) says: A careful analysis discussion that goft by the name of the curriculum, the medieval idea of the university open to hindered and obstructed by other considerations, of the teacher-student relationship at any the distortion of a corrupt liberahsm. The a dimension whereby tiie university is a part level, inside or outside the school, reveals its A movement seriously preoccupied by the defenders of academic neutrality and 'freedom', of humanity's evolutionary and historical project fundamentally nanathre character. This nature of and the pursuit of knowledge would of a 'non-political' unhfctsity, appealed to of humanizing the universe and itself as a part relationship involves a narrating Subject (the rapidly prove to be mote politically explosive certain elements of the old Uberal idea of of jhe unwerse. teacher) tnd patient, listening objects (the witiiin the university than the movement of a university to give a sort of false spiritual students). The contents, whether values or recent years. shimmer to activities compromised by or To elucidate and and extricate this indwellhig empirical dimensions of reality, tend in the indifferent to the system's mote permanent dynamic more and more is the deepest force process of being narrated to become lifeless and damagmg betrayal of the main body of VALUES INHERENT IN UNIVERSITY and the mahi task makuig for the mternal and petrified. Education is suffering from the medieval tradition. This was an exercise narration sickness. of academic power not easily grasped by those transformation of the present umversity. 8. Another way of comuig at the above is fulmmating against the university's involvement It is not from some standpomt of nincteentii to revise the analysis of the university with corporate liberalism. It will have to be met century Uberallsm or twentieth century marxism The teacher talks about reality as if it were . as an mstitution that was put forward by and defeated by any future movement. but from that deeper standpomt that the really motionless, static, compartmentalized, and the movement. crcatwe attack on the present organisation of predictable.. Or else he expounds on a topic For Uiat, if for no other reason it would be unhrersities will be mounted. It will provide crit­ completely alien to the existential experience It is not just any kind of mstitution within eria that are ends as well as means of struggle of the students. His task is to 'fill' the students well to look at the medieval idea of the class-society, withm capitalism, nor can agauist present tendencies pervasive of universities with the contents of his narration - contents university. For it transcends feudalism, movements for its re-stm during be forwarded from within and without. Briefly, what is needed which are detached from reality, disconnected capitalism and state socialism in offering by any and every kind of slogans about then is a movement conung together from all from the totality which engendered them and a way of human relationship in groups that democracy and socialism. parts of the potential community withm tiie could give them significance. Words are emptied will be ignored by social movements(and espec­ UTUversity, denoted to the criteria of their concreteness and become a hollow, ially parts of such movements m universities) It is a particular kind of mstitution alienated and alienating verbosity. to their consequent unpoverishment. of: with a history that goes back beyond the beginning of capitalism. There is no Instead of communicating, the teacher more guarantee of an adequate embodunent issues communiques ond 'makes deposits' of the university after the collapse of which the students patiently receive, capitalism than there is of the cessation of memorize, and repeat. ^^^^ 45-46) racism, sexism or the ills of the industrial mode of production. Just as the struggle for socialism must be thoroughly penetrated Tbgf@ii^tliif«^ 8B1B18; I am astonished that students go on puttmg and if necessary transformed by adequate up with .this unposition, the boring analyses of racism, sexism and uidustry, so There are times when I feel profoundly together and ensure the well being of theh assignments to tie read by one person, the the right understandmg of the university is discouraged. For years we have been own immediate and often small chcle stupefying work-loads, the indefensible mdispensable to it also and perhaps nowhere searching for ways to bring about change, they adopt an embattied attitude. This (and undefended) exams, the ever-deferred so much, as I will later argue, as in the very remove misery and injustice, and construct leads them to exclude others who are discovery of their own mteresls. I think notions of democracy and leadership that a more humane society. Yet it is often not fortunate enough to belong to such a there should simply be revolts m every class­ should characterise socialism. hard to see any fruit for tills effort. chcle; somethnes these people are m room, to organize the course of study Rather we see the envhonment steadily need of help but sometimes they are mutually and collectively ui student groups, What has obscured this pouit about the worsenmg, war continumg, conuption shnply lookii^ for friendship. The process with constant dialogue between 'equally university is the fact that it had two rampant and bureaucracy expanding. The takes on tiie character of a vicious sphal knowUng subjects'. 'Teachers* would historical beghuiings. The first and most thirst after prosperity at any.price and the as people feel they cannot ask for help soon be forced to come to terms with the significant was m the middle ages. The elevation of material well behig as tiie they cannot return thus increasing their anangemcnt of real learning situations, to second was ui the late nmeteenth century chief goal of existence has created a sense of going it alone. Money becomes divest themselves of an obviously irrational as a particular phase of the integration of dehumanizing situation of excess comfort more unportant because with it one can mystique of authority and become what they capitalist hidustrial society, particularly m and selfishness. It is easy to be swamped purchase the help one needs; acthrities are anyway, sometimes helpful co-students, Britain. It was this second beginning that by a sense of powerlessness and hence which should occur as part of human iv) The conception of knowledge. In the was designed to raise the level of skill hopelessness and the more sensitwe a person social uiteraction assume the character of last resort, only the occasion of knowledge required for the running of the system is the more hopeless one becomes. However the market place. Part of beuig human is can be ghren from one person to another. and that proposed the sort of lobotomy of hopelessness is stifling of action. So perhaps to be a sochl being so we need to experience Knowledge wc can oitiy get for ourselves. technical from critical dimensions of the mmd wc have an obligation to be hopeful and ourselves as belonguig to a group in Knowledge is a dimension of personal growth that the Austialian universities seized upon so be hopeful to one anotiier. This hope which we are lov^ and cored for and in not a thing. This fact is and must be disguised with such bovme flair. This was the antecedent wUl be seen ui our efforts to free ourselves which we know ourselves to be useful from internal repression and the repressive competent persons. The occasions foi structures of our society. Uiese ecperiences have become occasions for commercial transactions, persons become We must have some foundation for hope, objectified, their services are bought and however, and I personally feel that this consumed without obligation. We meet foundation residues intiially hi the possi­ each other as occupiers of roles rather bility of rencwu^ a spirit of joyfulness Uian as people thus restricting the hi our lives. The breakdown of community possibilities for rewarduig emotional and the absence of stable loving relationships experiences. has been one cause of the loss of joy, if we live ui a network of relationships we An additional factor workuig against will be able to cope with the struggles community at the moment is Uie um- and sorrows of life with some sense that holding of the value of "uidependence", it is wortiiwhile. Despite the harshness which seems to me to be but a new name and sorrows of theh existence Uie North for uidivkiualism. Often people holdmg Vietnamese consistentiy impressed visitors to tills independence value mamtain them- with Uieh high sense of common purpose seWes by an act of bad faitii becausc'they and trust in each other. We need to develop refuse to examine their behaviour honesUy. our capacity to promise and to believe They are able to continue to behave as Ul the promises of otiiers because it is on Uiey do because they indulge in emotional the basis of this trust that we will be ripping off, they depend on oUier people able to form communal groups. These would orientating themselves hi a consistent be formed not merely to support and and caring manner and usii^ them when develop Uie members but in the realization Uiey want emotional support but avoiding that people actit^ togetiier generate the reciprocal responsibility as they whhl members but m Uie realization that people around on Uieh independence kick. This is actmg togeUier generate a greater power not to deny that some forms of dependence for change. If they can succeed they will are bad however, we are not all dependent be a living evidence, that everyone can on one another in some form this is become human, that we can all make it intrmsically related to Uic social nature and survive. of Uie human species. Through the security of bemg able to depend m an This is Uic hope I see. No doubt I feel appropriate way people can be helped to this because I grew up in an extended overcome inordinate dependence. In a famUy. There were aunts, uncles and situation of mterdependence we colild all cousins who loved and cared for each grow leamuig to understand ourselves better other; it was token for granted, that one and bemg supported in our effort at helped m thnes of difficulty, material personal liberation. material or otherwise; we shared fun and sorrow togetiier. This was all done For example if we ace to make advances because that was how one wanted to m the area of male-female relations, behave towards the people ui the kinship anotiier source of frustration and un- chrcles, not out of a sterile sense of duty happuiess, we need to develop spirit of or obligation. These were largely workuig co-operation between men and women, class people emerging from the depression, at the moment it is ahnost as if we are nobody had much money and a valuable antagonists drawn up on opposing sides. lesson I leamt from tiiis was Uiat AlUiough women have been discriminated dependence on money is gteatiy decreased E^auist by our society they are not when one exists in a circle of carmg blameless in the break down ui relation­ people. Of course there were madequacies ships, we need to tty to understand Uie and constrictions hi this more traditional difficulties differences and inadequacies on framework but I believe we should be able both sides. to take from this kmd of experience those features which are good and create new Through Uiis growing understanding of each forms of community. I don't believe that other we may all be able to change this would solve everythhig but it would our behaviour so that Uiis area of our lives solve some of the personal unhappincss becomes enriched. When we see these one meets. qualities as a vital part of what we mean by 'Revolution' I will have more hope To form such communities will require hi real changes occurhig in the more deliberate effort for at tiic moment social complex social situations and be able to pressures are workhig in Uie opposite work for Uiese changes more effectively. direction. Because People feel it Is a struggle to survive, to keep themselves - RU 1 i) reason as the final arbiter in discussion as anogates all the planning that is necessary if against aU mere custom, 'statutory' duty ii) The le-operang of the debate about discusson as a more fmal arbiter than any people are to develop for themselves a sense and irrational authority, Uie umversity's relation to society. This form of irrational authority. ofsystem in inquiry, u) critical and creative individuality based on would arise even more strongly because V) all forms of irrational authority that presupp­ real mteresls as agamst the present teacher-led of tfie probable attempts by the ill) The community withhi them would be ose tiiat tiiere is something one is 'supposed' conformism and corporatism as 'classes' 'authorities' to repress any real moves based on a serious concern for some objective to know, do or say, apart from what can be m) coHjperation, collaboration in stuoy 'ana towards a decent learning situation. field or subject-matter to be penetrated. The rationally justified. work, hi a community ultimately spiritual m (See the recent blatantiy anti-democratic basis of the unity would thus be deeper than depth as agamst the present competition and REVOLT AGAINST BOREDOM! behaviour of the Sydney university ideolo^cal, ulthnately grounded, not merely individualism which treats knowledge as society professorial board). in subjective orientations of concern but hi treats money or property. the relation between these and an objective 10. Sooner or later students are gohig to beghi iii) The production of urgenUy necessary body of material, thus hi two ways transcend- The re-struchiring of universities is not just a to see that tiiey do not have to endure the Uieories, analyses, and hnaghiative hig mere formulae of agreement. part of some wider movement like the movement boredom of the present orgarusation of studies, penpectives Uiat will be more adequate for the dictatorship of the proletariat or the Uiot Uiere is safety in numbers, tiiat strikes and to the present crises tiian the old nmeteenth movement for workers' control. For one thing, boycotts are effectWe agamst the shipidity of tiie ccnhiry ideolo^es, tiie Marxlst-lenuiist it contahis withhi itself a contribution to work-loads and exams tiiat make reflectiveness view of the revolution mcluded. history about the enduring modes of behig human ™P°«ible. The horizontally onanged leamuig 2. Because of this new praxis based on hi groups that hnphes a critique of the adequacy of ^.°"P' '^' emerge wiUtin and across disciplmes w) The development of new hitellectual people's real hiterests and their personal any role based on being a worker. What it can give ^^ ^'''' ^"^^ ^'P* ^^"^^ * "^* movement resources and skills for use by all Uic gjowth mto the perception of shared values to the workers' movement is a body of experience 5, V"^ '°^ °^ ' ""^""ity. I titink many people movements in the larger society making it wai be possible to repbce not only fhe and theory deeply conosive of the uijostice of tiien!^ be surprised at the support gained tiuoughout for radicalchang e and revolution. dhidon of teacher and student, but also, and bemg a merely working class. Only such modes tiie university by whichever group moves first by the same logic, the division between leaders and rank -and-file. It is only m tiie of work as are iiUierentiy aUicd to study and agahist the enervating tedium which commonly v) The development and understandmg process of self-activated liberation from knowledge of the universe and of human beings afflicts us all m tiie present set-up. m practice of a new model of what previous mental and moral oppression that are ultimately justifiable, particularly hi the Paul Goodman called 'mtcntional community' a person gains autonomy as a subject of the present state of the capacities of technology. IF YOU'RE HERE, YOU'RE HERE a possibility of a post-rcvolutionary society genuinely based on argument as a part of historical process. People cannot be told of their 'alienation and powerlessness' and thereby 11. This is not a plea for isolationism of ongomg dialogue. A community based on It is not just a matter of attempting to replace the throw it joff. In movuig forward along Unes present university with one that wiU be 'relevant' students within tiie university. It is shnply ouihumanness and not on either race, a recognition that the vicarious stage of family or clan on the one side, or sheer of interest that they more and more strongly or that wiU help to build sociaUsm. It is a matter discover, encouraghig one anotiier hi mutual of keeping aUvc and extendmg into the struggle the student movement is over. Workers have economic necessity on the other. A comm­ recentiy riven clear evidence by theu militancy unity m which tiie possibility is held out differentiation, people gradually unleash for democracy and socialism a whole vision of their own subjective power and face new crises the public and communal nature of bemg human that they do not need student catalysts Or' of an equality that does not stop at condescending advice. Various new initiatives race or sex and that renders class obsolete. of communal decision. Leaders just as teachers Ul the universe as we increasmgly understand it. often serve wrongly to take on for people tasks The elaboration of this vision through all its have arisen m the society. We can now see that Uiere are many fronts m the struggle for a that are necessary to build up their own disciplmes and means is the task of the university. Such a community, valuable m itself and confidence. The fust tiung 'tiie masses' must humane and just social order. Among otiier also functional, making for muhia! growth institutions the univer^ty will contribute to accomplish is the unmassmg of themselves against OFF EXAMS, ASSESSMENT! of persons, would be an extraordhiaiy all the forces and histitutions tiiat try to keep tiiat struggle and, among other people school of political will and purpose. It might students and staff. But not by guilt-ridden them massed. The old style of leadership is lead to a new understanding of democracy. 9. The two opposmg views of the unwersity arc fantasies of either unreal powerfulness or one of those forces. not ranged against one another as combatants, worker-glorifying confessions of powerlessness rather, one, the utilitarian 'human capital' view and irrelevance. It is self-deception or worse to Hes upon the other as a stifling blanket of be hi unhrersities and theorise wtitin them as THREE FINAL POINTS' organization, custom, tinancial' restrictions, false if you were not. You decide there is work to profesaonalism, professorism and general deadness, |L'X1""J.L)1',,„. ...^ , . ., .. 3. The unportance of the unhcrsity context routme and bullshit. It seems to me to be a matter ^ ^"""^ *'*'^ """"sitics and do it accordmg for the general movement may well be that to its appropriate demands and criteria or you of fact that the way forward for the deeper and we need something approachmg a new decide they are inelevant. You can't do botii, 12." Which bruigs me back to where 1 set out genuine view of the unwersity Ues in there bemg experience of democracy. Perhaps the as many of the former student leaders did. My The university, democracy, and the student more democracy throughout the whole university, movement.We are in a position to see now present debilitated state of class-society with pouit is simply tiiat the relations between the its conditiomng m all mstihitions leads us a reversal of tiie power flow so that it goes from „„s«„^.„ ,„A th...... -i J- that the connections previously down to up. But it must arise as a functional proced-""^'.'™l^J,*'^'""J"^ social order are made between these were not so much false into traps. Perhaps the system is mside us uncovered ure called forth by serious intellectual ahns. n°t s-npl", and tiiey wtil not be uncoven as superficial, asserting where they needed to so cancerously, at such deep levels, tiiat or changed without serious mteUectual work. present movements ahnost inevitably lead us A movement arismg out of mere democratic theory explam and explore, and taking for granted a In fact such work,the neglected field of into situations where we must try to act will not last or will miscarry, not giving bhUi number of capacities that we may have to Uie last several years of the movement, wiU beyond our psychological means. So that to any change deep enough to be permanent. develop with considerable refiecthrcness,

Dan O'Neill getting hit on the heaA at Te«w««m)ia while plain clothes police look •n. The US Army has just put its first teacher of transcendental meditation on its payroll; in Saskatchewan the Maharishi's technique is to be offered in schools and in Manitoba it is to be Itnanscende used as part of a civil service training programme. These developments follow studies which show that TM is the opposite of the process by which the nervous system accumulates stress. JOHN WINDSOR examines the recent research on meditation and charts the progress of ntal the meditators.

THE MOST inscrutable problems sometimes set up 3,600 teacher trainhig centres, one assistant professor of medicine, and Or have the mot simple solutions. The for each million of worid population. Keith Wallace, an faidependent researcher problem of tiie. nervous system's suscept­ But up lo now, TM's biggest successes at Uie Harvard Medical School. Their ibility to stress has been exhaustively have come as a result of informal contacts research was published in Scientific charted and analysed but the knowledge by mdn^idual meditators, hlajot General American, Febmaiy 1972. gained has yielded no effective and easily Franklin Davis, the commandant of the They confirmed Uie lessenuig of physical applied remedy. US Army War College at Carlisle, Pennsyl­ activity during meditation by establishing Recent studies of the transcendental vania, began promotii^ TM in Uie army that the metabolic rate falls to a lower meditation (TM) of Maharishi Mahesh Yogi after his daughter persuaded him to learn level than during sleep. The most convenient have stirred the American academic worid Uie technk]ue. Walter Robbms, the staff measure of metabolic rate is oxygen con­ because they have shown that TM is Uie development officer for the Cabinet of sumption. They found that Uiis feU by up exact opposite of Uie process by which Manitoba, Canada, began promoting TM as a to 20 per cent, about twice the usual Uie nervous system accumulates stress. The Cwil Service management trainmg aid after reduction during sleep. The heart rate feU technique works on the material and only Uiree monUis' meditation. Emperor by 25 per cent compared with 20 per cent structural level of the nervous system, • Haile Selassie, who has approved the during sleep. neutralising stress as automatically as the introduction of TM mto Ethiopia's secondary Apart from Uie uitriguing discovery nervous system accumulates il. schools and is to set up a meditation that tiie autonomic (involuntary) nervous Whereas stress tends to cause excitement, academy for students from OAU countries, system-thai is, heart, lungs-can be hyperactivity, TM is a form of rest deeper learned about TM from Kibre Dawitt, a giri varied at will, Uiey also found a fall in than sleep. Stress raises the oxygen intake: member of his court circle. The Ulinois the concentration of blood lactate four TM lowers it to a level below Uiat of sleep. resolution was piloted by WJ. Murphy, thnes faster than its rale of fall during Uie STress constricts the arteries: TM expands majority leader of the general assembly and period of rest prior to meditation. them. And, interestingly, during meditation a meditator. Research into the biochemistry of the mind is not held rigid as it is in anxiety by Ferris Pitts at Washhington panic situations, nor dulled as it is in HOW TO MEDITATE? The delicate technique is taught individually: it involes an intimate University had previously established Uiat sleep, but becomes increasingly alert. infusions of blood lactate produce anxiety These findings indicated that deep sleep interchange of knowledge and experience between teacher and would-be meditator. symptoms in patients. Lactate is Uie end and dreaming can no longer be regarded product of Uie process by which muscle cells as the nervous system's only means of Although everyone has an innate ability to meditate it still has to be tsught, for much starved of oxygen break down glucose carrying out repairs and adjustments. They and extract energy from it. Hypertensive show TM as an innate but hitherto untapped the same reason that a child's innate ability to speak will remain latent unless it is patients have high concentrations of blood ability to neutralise stress effortlessly and lactate. at will. It therefore has exciting potential spoken to. The technique cannot be learned from books because the concentration Uiat So, far from starving the muscle cells as an effective and easily applied solution of oxygen because of reduced oxygen to the problem of stress: would involve would hold tiie mind on the conscious level of Uiinking and prevent consumption, the process of meditation had Meditators claim that the benefits of it from experiencing the refinement of actually increased it. The reason, Uiey meditating regularly for the recommended thought which occurs spontaneously during found, was that the flow of blood (carrying 20 minutes twice a day are cumulative meditation. oxygen to Uie muscles) had actually because the amount of rest produced is Nevertheless, TM's principles can be increased. The forearm blood flow was up almost always greater than the intensity of 32 per cent. They took tiie view tiiat the daily dose of stress. Tliis means that by outlined. The broad principle is one which applies to all living things-thcy grow and meditation reduced the activity of Uie major tipping the balance against stress the style part of the sympathetic nerve network so of functioning of the nervous system becomes progress through alternative steps of rest and activity. By incorporating TM's deep that it secretes less norepinephrine, a bio­ progressively more refined and even die most chemical which causes the blood vessels to deeply rooted stresses can be eradicated. rest into this cycle everyday activity is enlivened. The meditator can achieve more constrict. Sleep, by comparison, lacks TM's quality The combination of a decrease in of alertness and the quality of stress which by doing less. What is temporarily "transcended" during resphation and heart rate and an increase it dissolves is Uiat of physical fatigue. in blood flow corresponds well with Maharishi, who uses little physical energy, meditation is simply activity-the inter­ dependent activity of the mind and nervous Maharishi's claim tiiat during TM activity sleeps for two hours a niglit. it both reduced and refined. In his termin­ When he refers to the normal functioning system. The innate ability of the mind which TM has rediscovered is its natural tendency ology: "The integrative quahty of creative of the nervous system he does so with a intelligence unites Ute opposite values of smile because he is referring to that state to diminish thinking activity and flow towards more subUe and more powerful rest and activity." in which Uic last stress, tiie last obstacle lo Benson and Wallace also recorded a the unfoldment of maximum energy, aspects of thought. As mental activity is refined and therefore diminished, so is fivefold rise in elecuical skin tcsistance- intelligence and creativity, has fallen away. which declines in anxiety states. They He teaches that stresses alone are the physical activity. Deeper and deeper rest is gained and stresses begin lo dissolve. concluded that Uie "wakeful hypometabolic obstacles to such full development. Which state" of TM was unique. implies Uiat man's "normal" stale is way When the mind fmally transcends Uiought Dr Peter Fenwick, a psychiatrist at • below his potential. it reaches its maximum alertness. The entue physiological condition is described by the Maudslcy Hospital, London, has for Tlie physiological tests, notably Uiose by Benson and Wallace as a state of "restful five years been usuig an electroencephalograph Benson and Wallace at the Harvard Medical alertness". to study the effect of TM on Uie brainwaves School, established that during meditation a It is a fundamental principle that of a group of volunteer meditators. complex of changes takes place indicating during meditation everytiiing goes by itself, He found marked changes in the brauiwave an integrated combination of rest and automatically and effortlessly. Maharishi patterns which could be picked out at a alertness which can be found only in says: "Effort should be left in the hands statistically significant level by a group of practitioners of TM. The nervous system of the basic force of life." The efforUessness "blind" raters. His researches have shown functions in a way quite different from of the technique is Ute basis of his claim that during meditation tiie dominant Uiat of walking, dreaming, and sleeping: that tiie release of stress is a natural function rhythm at tiie back of tiie head-Uie alpha the changes are also clearly distinguishable of the nervous system. rhylhra-tends to slow slighUy and spread from those occurring during hypnosis and In order to stress-sorry, emphasise- forward but never disappears. So long as operant conditioning. that TM functions in harmony wiUi natural the alpha rhytiim is present, the subject is alert and not asleep. There ate difficulties ui quantifying the laws, Maharishi has framed the expression effects of regular meditation one veryday life. "creatwe mteUigence". Creative intcUigence He also found Uiat m Uie temple area, But studies of psychological stability and is Uie basic force of life which conducts ali which deals with Uie memory and Uie perceptual ability have added weight to Uie diverse forms and phenomena in synthesis of emotion, and also in Uie meditators' claims that Uiey experience a creation. It has an infinitely wide range- frontal area which deals with personality cumulative growth in calmness and laertness from its unmanifest phase to the activities and the control of basic autonomic functions, as co-existent quahties. of fine energy particles, the individual and tiieta waves appeared. Theta waves are usually seen during sleep and are always Five of Uie research reports have shown "Uic exlragalactic processions which spread across the hemispheres. that meditation greatly reduces the craving articulate the pulse of the universe". From this he concluded. Uiat some of for drugs-even hard drugs-and for alcohol Creative intelligence naturally also conducts the changes which we expect during sleep and tobacco. the process of meditation. were occurring in the presence of laertness. TM's potential as an anti-drugs devide By the unmanifest phase of creative jnsditcitiQD By study mg heart rate and indirect measures made the breakthrough in winnuig Maharishi mteUigence, Maharishi means its inactive, of tiie level of arousal he showed Uiat Uie official support in America. A resolution non-expressed, non-changing phase. Just as meditator's nervous system was more passed by the general assembly of Illinois in the ability to rest is contained in Uie ability relaxed during meditation tiian that of his May not only approved the use of TM in to rest is contained in the ability to be control subjects. schools but asked the drug abuse section active, so the unmanifest aspect of creative He concluded that the patterns were of the state's Department of Mental Health intelligence is at Uie basis of all the different unique to transcendental meditation. There to consider incorporating TM in its forms and phenomena of manifest creation. was no other technique known which could rehabilitation programme, He leaches that during tiie deep rest of produce tiiese two apparentiy contradictory The technique, Uic resolution said: TM, meditators open Uieir awareness to states at the same time. "Shows promise of being the most positive creative inteUigence in its unmanifest phase. Maharishi explains tiie uniqueness of and effective drug prevention programme As a result, he says, they find Uia Uic meditation by saying that it Is only tiirough being presented in the world today," nervous system becomes capable of incor­ TM that the unmanU'est aspect of creative The first teacher of meditation to be put porating the whole range of creative intell­ mteUigence can be contacted. So the on tiie US Army's payroll at For Lewis, igence, making it possible to live its fuU criterion for judguig oUier systems is: Does Washington, last October, is working with value in daily life. The qualities of creative it transcend activity? the bases alcohol and drug council. (Tiic intelligence spontaneously emerge into Uic Maharishi's familiarity with the unmanifest contract stipulates that the army will not field of activity. aspect of creative intcUigence has led hun interfere wiUi tite way Uie technique is Maharishi uses Uic flowers which mexorably to Uie realm of atomic physics. taught.) All army bases have received meditators give hun to illustrate this He looks to the principles of physics-such an official army circular recommending TM principle. The colouriessness of the sap as the law of least action-to provide object­ as a useful self-help devide for dealing represents Uic unmanifest quality of creative ive validation of the experience of the mental with drug and alcohol abuse. Il was drug intelligence. "What we find is that the technique of TM. He says: "So far the , addiction among the Eskimos which colourless sap forms the basis for all Uie mind has been considered to be a non- prompted Uie US Public Healtii Service to different aspects of Ute plant-thc red petal, physical entity. But because it has waves send a TM teacher to Point Barrow, Alaska, the green leaves." it has a physical ohcaracter. Because the hi October and pay him scholarship money. "nie best known record of the physio­ mind and body depend on each oUier, Uie This year marks the beghming of a big logical changes which occur whUc Uie laws tiiat govern Uie reduction of Uie activity drive for government support as part of ' "unmanifest aspect of creative intelligence" of the mhid and the laws which govern • M*M,*i liWwi. Yu«. • Maharishi's Worid Plan-first objective: is behig contacted is by Or Herbert Benson tiie reduction of Uie activity of the nervous system in order to produce the corresponding Marijuana: 22.4 fo O.l LSD: 7.1 to nil. and creativity themselves can be developed. rcgulatiy, watching the benefits as the knots stale of mind-both laws are the same." Narcotics: 0.6 to nil. Amphetamines: |.6 to The missing subjective clement. of stress arc untied and wondering what it He draws a parallel between the principle nil. Barbiturates: 1.0 to nil. Hard liquor: 2.7 Maharishi's critique of consciousness is must be like lo have no knol-s. located in the thud law of tlicrmodynamcis- lo 0,4. Cigarettes; 27 to 5.7 of equal interest to psychology and Maharishi, wilh is two hours' sleep a thal as activity decreases order incrcascs- phiio.sophy. His basic postulaic Is that night and his silence every Thursday and the practice of TM. "As the stresses Among a sample of 570 meditators in a cxislcni:c-which conducts the objective moining, has said that his wakefulness is dissolve, what is happening is that order controlled research project by Dr Leon Otis phase (f lifc-and intelligcnce-which con­ more restful Ihan other people's sleep. Since is increasing. As Ihe metabolic rate is being of the Stanford Research Institute (1972) ducts its subjective phase-arc the same he came to the West 14 years ago he has reduced, orderliness is being increased and were 49 opiate users, 35 of whom gave it at their most fundamental level. And that personally instructed 5,500 teachers of with this, whatever disorder has been existing up after six months of meditation. Dr Otis during TM Ihis integration of opposits is meditation on ten-week courses and Ihc must naturally dissolve." considers Ihis result noteworthy since the directly experienced. world total of meditators has grown to The benefits of stress release have been prognosis for successful treatment and This experience-elemental, omni­ 400,000. monitored by Dr David Orme-Johnson of rehabilitation of opiate users is poor. present and the same for evcrbody- is One of his prime concerns is to keep the University of Texas dcparlment of A pUot study by Allan Abrams of the the ultimate stable basis for the philosopher's the teaching and the technique pure and psychology (1972), who reported that University of California has shown a trend affirmation: "I am". U is hardly surprising unmixed. He will not have it taught as part meditators appeared lo have more stable towards a cumulative improvement in that in theu sej'ch for an objective ex­ of any system of belief, religious or nervous systems. He measured the ups meditators' learning abihty. Meditators with pression of the nature of life, both Maharishi otherwise. and downs in anxiety by recording the two years' experience performed short and and Western philosophers have been drawn His direct predecessor in the Vedic changes in galvanic skin resistance (GSR). long-term recall tests better than meditators towards physics and its investigation of the tradition of masters through which the For every 10 changes observed in meditators with a year's experience, who performed subtic stales of matter and energy. technique has been preserved was Swami during a lO-muiute period of rest wiUi eyes better than non-meditators. The irony is that Maharishi needs object­ Bralimananda Saraswati, who innovated a open, nonmeditators showed 34. There It is in education that TM has spread ive evidence only as a means of iUustrating spiritual renaissance in Northern India. were only 2.6 changes for every 10 minutes fastest. Courses on the "Science of creative tiiat the basic nature of the lifc-the He died, aged 84, in 1953. Meditators refer of meditation. His subjects had an average inteUigence" qualify for degree credit at philosopher's Absolute-can be cognised to him as Guru Dev and at the traditional of two years' experience of TM. seveii American universities including Yale subjectively during TM. For generations ceremony during which TM is taught, Meditators recover more quickly from and Harvard. Maharishi is booked to appear both philosophers and scientists have clung flowers and fruit are offered in thanksgiving. stress. Orme-Johnson found. He blasted before 3,500 educators at America's National to objectivity as the only invariable means It is the triumph of tiicse two masters meditators and a control group with a Conference on Higher Education, the major of gaining knowledge. (The fact that Uic that they have been instrumantal in bringing "stressful tone" of 100 decibels through higher education conference, in March. His philoaophets in particular have never been out the teaching and the technique in a form earphones at irregular intervals. The meditators' academic symposiums-eight so far held- able lo agree among themselves shows that untainted by cormpted Yogic practices of GSR responses showed Uiat they got used to have attracted some of America's beit in a way Uiey were right.) What Maharishi concentration and coercion and which can them after omly 11 blasts compared with known brains: Budminsler, Fuller, Dr Calvin. is now offering is a subjective invariable as be practised by everyone. They have restored the non-meditators 28. Graphs of the responses The application of TM to education is a means of gaming knowledge. Uie basic knowledge that fulfJment is not showed Uiat Uie meditators produced smooUi summed up in the motlof of Maharishi He says: "Knowledge gained by objective achieved by strain and suffering but by Uie curves and the nonmeditators wobbly curves, international University which has 205 means will always be specific and not total. natural tendency of life to grow and to indicating that the meditators nervous World Plan centres in tiic US. It says: The abstract, unmanifest value of the pure progress. systems functioned in a more stable way. "Knowledge is structured in consciousness." field of creative intelligence can never be The best known research into the effects Which means roughly that you can throw as determined by the objective means of gaining of meditation on drug abuse is stUl Benson much mformation at a pupil as you like: knowledge. But untU knowledge of that is and Wallace's qucstionnahe survey of 1,862 whether he makes use of it, or even gained, knowledge wiU remain incomplete." For further information contact- subjects, mostly college students and remembers it, depends on his level of The prospect of gaining complete Brisbane TM Centre, graduates. These are the percentage falls consciousness. Traditionally, education has knowledge, in Maharishi's teaching, lies 20 Gloucester Street, Spring HiU recorded in heavy users of drugs, alcohol, been communicative rather than creative. in the ability of the nervous system to Phone 21 3889. and tobacco before learning to meditate Wliich is where creative intelligence comes incorporate Uic full range of creative and after 22-33 months of meditation - in as Ihe direct means by which intcUigence intcUigence. On our part, we jusl meditate also regular lunch time lectures on campus.

BlO-DYNAMlC VEGETABLE GARDEN year to another) make it possible to get maximum A vegetable garden manaRcd according to the benefits from limited garden space with a companion minimum of Mo»r without sacrificing the health- Bio-Dynamic Method foUows certain delinite principles of plant symbiosis such as Ihc use of a giving quality of the produce. Another most well-planned crop rotation, companionate important factor of the Bio-Dynamic garden is that plantings, juxtaposition of deep rooted plants with attention lo all of these details ensures Ihat the shallow rooted plants, and Ihe generous use of garden soil is improved each year. Practice of tiic sunimcr-flowering shrubs and aromatic herbs all Bio-Dyiuniic Method cares for the soil and leaves through the garden whether it be large or smaU. h in improved biological condition by good The observance of bcncficbl crop rotations and cultural practices, especially in the return of soil the careful use of companion plants, both in nutrients each year through the use of space (in one single year) and in time (from one Bio-Dynamic compost.

AFFORESTATION Strongly vital plants have the BEANS Beans thrive best with carrots and will decay rapidly under adverse conditions. The power to prepare unfavourable soil so Uiat it wUl cauliflower interplanted. Beans arc aided by carrots. cabbage is greatly helped if it is surrounded by support Ihe growUi of trees. Three of these plants Beans and beets also do well together. They also plants which have many blossoms or which arc which are especially strong and vital in themselves help cucumbers and cabbages. .strongly aromatic. are blackberries, stinging nctUe, and couch (or Beans planted with Icck and celeriac in moderate Dip cabbage roots into a paste of cow manure, quack) grass. quantity arc a good combination. In general beans clay and Bio-Dynamic Preparation 500 when ate inhibited by onions, garlic, shallots and fennel. Iransplating. This is suggested as a help against ANTS Ants are repelled by pennyroyal and In a large planting of corn, broad beans are u good club root. After transplanting, give cabbage spearmint. Scatter tiiese on pantry shelves to companion crop. Even in the small backyard seedlings a mulch of half-rotted compost. If this is prevent infestations by ants, or to drive them garden corn and pole or runner beans grow well given before the soil becomes dry, it will be a away once they have come. together because the runner beans can climb up the great help in case of drought. Muits planted by the front and back door of a corn stalks. Also in large scale planting of Do not grow cabbages in the same place two years house have prevented ants from entering. Tansy broad beans and field beans, oats are a good plant in succession because of the danger of club root. planted around a house, or placed on shelves affinity. Late cabbage and early potatoes do well together. inside, is also repeUent to ants. For a border around a small garden, runner beans Plant when the latter are first hoed up into hills. APPLE TREES Apple trees infested with scab have are excellent. Tlicy can also be used to advantage Cabbage is aided by dUl, camomile, sage, been helped by chives growing near their toots. as a border to protect a block of corn rows from wormwood, rosemary, and in both quality and Other deterrents against Uiis disease are Uie too much wind. The beans add nitrogen to the quantity by members of the peppermint family. application of composted pigeon droppings as a soU, which is used by the corn. Cabbage dislikes strawberries. manure, and spraying the trees in spring and early Bean fly is prevented by planting with potatoes. One of the chief pests of the cabbage faniUy is the summer wiUi Equisetum (horsctaU) tea. Potato leaf boiled in water is a good spray for bean white cabbage butterfly which may be repelled by fly. the following plants growing near the cabbages: (See chives, harse-radislt and horsetail teas under tomatoes, sage, rosemary, hyssop, thyme, mint, herbs) BIRDS Birds are unequalled around the garden as hemp, wormwood, and southernwood, If apple trees are surrounded by a few nasturtium controllers of insect pests and they may be in an experimental planting, tomatoes near plants, wooUy aphis are repelled. attracted by many different methods. Feeders and cabbages kept the white cabbage butterfly away. Scientists have shown that there are root bird walercrs will encourage them to frequent the excretions from grass which have suppressed the garden and its surroundings. Some shrubs arc CAMOMILE This species, is one of the compost growth of the young, peripheral root tips of especially attractive because of tiieir edible seeds plants used in Ihc Bio-Dynamic Method. It is a apple trees. Since these roots arc the most active or fmits: hackberry, elderberry, mulberry, wild specialist for lime. It also contains a growth part of the apple tree root system, the inhibitory cherry, dogwood, Japanese barberry, Viburnum and hormone which particularly stimulates the growth effect of the grass roots can be serious. others. of yeast. Nearness of apple trees caused potatoes to be more Evergreen trees and bushes, thorn bushes and susceptible lo Phytophthora blight. Camomile also helps neighbouring onions, but only honeysuckle vines arc especially aitractive to birds if Ihe ratio is 1 plant of camomile lo every 4 Ripening apples give off ethylene gas in infinitesimal for building their ncsls. Bird houses may also be amounts. This gas may inhibit the height of growth yards of onions. It is also good to grow with erected in garden areas lo attract many different cabbage. of neighbouring plants and cause flowers and kinds of birds. fmits of neighbouring plants to mature early. Camomile tea is effective against a number of plant Don'l store carrots in a toot cellar neat apples BROCCOLI Broccoli in general follow the same diseases especially when the plants to be treated because the carrots will take on a bitter flavour. rules of behaviour as the other members of the are young. It can be used to control damping-off Apples and potatoes should not be stored in the cabbage famUy. in greenhouses and cold frames. The tea is best same root cellar, because apples wUl lose their prepared by soaking dried blossoms in cold water CARROTS To prepare heavy soil for a carrot for a day or two. flavour and the potatoes wUl have an off flavour crop, raise flax or soya beans for one year lo and not keep well. CASTOR OIL PLANT The castor oil plant repels loosen the soil and leave it friable. mosquitoes; but it is poisonous fo livestock and to ASPARAGUS (Asparagus officinalis) Asparagus is Carrots grow weU with leaf lettuce and chives, and humans. It sliould be cultivated with caution. One aided directly by tomatoes which in turn are aid peas. seed if eaten could be fatal to a child. aided by the asparagus. Asparagus is also The carrot fiy is a troublesome pest of carrots. It is benefited by the presence of parsley. the maggot or lava of this fly which attacks the CAULIFLOWER Cauliflower is known to grow One of the few insects troublesome to asparagus is rootlets of the young plant. If often pupates in the better if there is celery in its neighbourhood. It is the asparagus beetle (Criocerisasparagi), which mature stored carrots. Various other plants have reported that the white cabbage butterfly may be controUed by letting the family hens run been found as rcpeUcnts: onions and Iccks and is kept away from cabbage and cauliflower by in the asparagus bed; but some way sliould be found strong smelling herbs like rosemary, salsify, nearby celery plants. to protect the tomatoes because hens ate fond of wormwood and sage. CELERY Like celeriac, celery is benefited by the fruit even while it is green and immature. After carrots are harvested, do not store them in a leeks growing nearby with two rows of each A substance named asparagin has been isolated cellar near apples because the latter wiU make the alternatmg. Both plants also tike composted pig which has a good influence on tomato plants, carrots taste bitter. manure. Both celery and leeks grow weU hi a helping to control some of the soU pests that CABBAGE When the cabbage family is trench. Tomatoes also are good neighbours to affect them. celery. Another good companion is the dwarf bean, BASIL. Aromatic herbs and summer fiowcring mentioned it includes besides cabbages, savoys, cauliflowers, broccoli, brussels sprouts, kale and which seems to help celery, planting I dwarf bean plants are beneficial to the vegetable garden because to every 6 celery plants. the enliven and stunulatc the sometimes heavy and kohlrabi. The cabbage has been developed to an enormous tcmiinal bud, while its flowering process "When cabbage grows in the vicinity of this plan I monotonous quality of some vegetable plants but il is less affected by micro-organisms". warning must be given that sweet basU docs not is subordinated. This one-sided evolution results In like rue. a life cycle that is easily upset and a plant which ^ort'^htjeal Oi/erlcnf **. companion planting contcl. LETTUCE Lettuce likes strawberries, is Rows of potatoes between bean rows repel bean aided by the presence of carrots, and makes beetle. radishes tender in summer. Flows of green beans (but not lima beans) Lettuce in summer appreciates partial shade; alternating with rows of potatoes will keep away early lettuce in very good soil aids onions. Colorado potato beetles. Flax in the rows between Bio-Dynamic literature tells of successful potatoes remarkably reduces the number of potato combinations of lettuce, carrots, and radish bugs. growing together. Use Marigolds to stop nematode worms affecting potatoes.^ MOSQUITOES Mosquitoes are repelled by sassafras, also fhe castor oil plant. Colorado potato beetles prefer eggplant to potatoes Located near porches and patios, castor oil A border of eggplants around a potato patch gives CHIVES The chive plant is practically never I'ENNEL (Foeniculum vulgarc) Fennel is the plants would increase the comfort of sitting one a chance to concentrate, catch and destroy a attacked cither by disease or by insects. exception to the rule that most herbs have a goodoutdoors on hot summer nights. If the castor oil large portion of the attacking potato beetles. Experiments using chives as companion plants influence on plants in their vicinity. Fennel has a plant were planted in quantities near marsh have shown that they help apple trees to better harmful effect on dwarf beans, caraway, tomatoes it might even reduce the breeding of mosquitoes, PUMPKIN Pumpkins and corn are good health and that they prevent apple scab. Some and kohlrabi. Fennel seed formation is prevented Fresh pennyroyal leaves rubbed on the face and neighbours, but pumpkins and potatoes do not orchadists have made chive lea to spray against by the presence of coriander. Fennel suffers stiU hands will protect one's skin from attacks of like each other. apple scab and against downy and powdery mildew more in the presence of wormwood, mosquitoes. on gooseberries and cucumbers. Chives have a helS^I&^l^l!:^''""'''^ FRENCH MARIGOLD The marigold excrctesa MOTHS, CLOTHES Moths that attack clothing and carpets can be repelled by sprinkling substance from its roots which kdls soil nematode CITRUS Citrus trees like the protective influence worms. Use Marigolds to protect roses, tomatoes with dried leaves of wormwood, southernwood, of rubber trees, oak and guava. and potatoes from namatodcs. rosemary, sage, Sanlolina, lavender and mint, COMPOST One of the principles of making Bio- FRUIT TREES Fruit ticcs arc aided by inter­ Dynamic compost is that plants, parts of plants, cropping of 15% mustard with legumes. Other NASTURTIUM Sow to combat white fly in extracts and decoctions can influence the beneficial companion plants for fruit trees are the greenhouse. Nasturtiums planted near fermentation process that should go on in Ihe sttinging nelUc, gariic, chives, tansy, horseradish, broccoli keep the latter free from aphis. compost heap. Plant preparations can be used on southernwood and nasturtiums. Nasturtiums repet squash bugs. When nasturtiums purpose lo organize the complicated fcimenlation are planted under apple trees they will keep process as it occurs in the process of making GARLIC Gariic promotes the growth of vetch. away woolly aphis. They also aid radish. compost. Once the conditions of moisture, aeration Garlic and roses have a mutually beneficial effect Nasturtium extract may be made according to and temperature are satisfactory, a compost pQe Garlic, onions and shallots inhibit the growth of will soon be inhabited by myriads of earthworms, peas and beans, European pea.sants used to put ONIONS These bulbous plants belong to the cnchyttacids, and other small, mostly microscopic pieces of garlic into theh grain for protection (ily family along with leeks, garlic, shallots and animals. These will carry the effects of the against weevils. chives. They like to grow with beets. Onions in bacterial life, stunulatcd by the inoculants, aU Tea made of garlic, onion or chives may be used to the garden are aided by camomile in the over the pile, thus promoting controlled control such severe diseases as late blight on ^proportio _^ n of 1 camomile plant to every 4 yards fermentation. .potatoe , s and, tomatoes. ., . I.t is also use.,-;•d agains•t brown of onion"row. in very go^''soiV earlylettuce RADISH Radishes, both black and white, aW There are a few simple rules to keep in mind when 'o' of stone fruits. Use the tea shortiy after its helps onions, as do a few plants of summer other vegetables. Peas and radishes are mutually savory making Bio-Dynamic compost. Compost heaps preparation. helpful. Radish growing near nasturtium is aided. should not be built under conifers because the Onion rows alternating with carrot rows serve the^""^ ^^^ "^ perfect flavour". Leaf lethjce in turpentine substances retard proper fermentation. double purpose of repelling both onion fly and ' summer makes radishes tender. Chervil and Do not build a compost heap on top of grass sod; carrot fly. Onions, garlic and shallots inhibit the radishes in alternate rows are mutually helpful dig out the sods and add them to the compost growth of peas and beans. and the chervil makes the radishes taste hot. heap, but let the heap itself be buUt on the soil Radish and hyssop dislike each other. directly. Grass sods wUl impede fermentation. PARSLEY Parsley aWs nearby roses and is good for tomatoes. Parsley blooming in the COMPOST PLANTS In Bio-Dynamic composting garden is especially pleasing to the honey bees, ROSES Roses and garlc are mutually a set of six herbs, each os which is specially helpful. Grow onions and garlic as inter-crops prepared, is used to control and influence the PEACH Soil from under old peach trees is with roses. It is even helpful it one fertilizes fermentation of composts and manures. These toxic for young peach saplings. rose bushes with compost made with garlic and lierbs are: stinging nettle, dandelion, the bark of onion refuse. the oak tree, yarrow, camomUe and valerian. Leaf curl of peach trees may be cured by a HERBS mixture of Equisetum (horsetail) tea, stinging Roses are also aided by the nearby presence of CORIANDER (Coriandrum sativum) Coriander To make a herb tea to be used as a spray: cover netUe tea, and pigeon manure. Mix and apply parsley. Mignonette is another companion plant hinders the seed formation of fcnneL Bees and the medicinal plant with water in the pot, bring at the rate of three gallons per tree, watered which roses like. Another companion plant beneficial insects are attracted to the garden whUe just to the boiling pouit and take off the fire. This over the tree and surrounding soil. favoured by roses is lupine, particularly the coriander is in bloom. uifusion should be diluted with four parts of PEAS Peas like radishes, carrots, cucumbers, perennial lupines. water. It is recommended Uiat the fluid be stirred sweet corn, beans and turnips. Peas are inhibited CORN Sweet corn does weU with eariy potatoes. One plant the rose does not tike is boxwood. It is also aided by beans and peas, which help the for ten mmutes. It should Uien be used by onions, garlic and shallots. Ordinarily one does ^f,,-^' ^^ ^^ Z^V;:,:^. unmediately. not grow peas two years in succession on the soil by putting back nitrogen which the corn uses nterfere witii the roots of the rose bush. up. Beans benefit from Uie slight shade given by Stinging netUc tea will combat plant lice or aphis. same ground. Peas akl potatoes. the corn plants. A row of dill on either side of the Chives tea is useful to overcome apple scab. Use corn patch makes both plants grow larger and dried chwes. Do not boj.chwes but mstead pour SHALLOTS Shallots, onion, and garlic inhibit stronger. boiling water over dried chives and leave to mfusc the growth of peas and beans. Other plants which appreciate the sheltering shade 15 mmutes, Dflute the mfusion wiUi 2 or 3 times ofcornaremelons, squash, pumpkins, and as,_.... much wate. r and stir. Th., e bes, t results have been SOYBEAN-SOYA BEAN Soybeans will loosen cucumbers The presence of a border of cucumbers obtamed with a comparatwely strong solution, heavy soil and leave it friable. They will also is in turn beneficial to the corn. Rows of corn m Chides tea is useful to combat gooseberry mildew. choke out weeds because they grow faster and windy areas help to break the wind untU a good Horse-radish tea is effective agahist brown roL thicker than the weeds. They enrich poor soil hedgerow has grown up. Use young horse-radish leaves at the beginning of as do other legumes. the attack. Make the tea as explained above and CROP ROTATION Bio-Dynamic gardeners follow dflute wiUi 4 times as much water, STINGING NETFLES a system of crop rotation which can be described If '^e garden is surrounded by borders of summer To make the femnented extract which is a briefly as follows: The heavy feeders are planted flowering plants of mixed varieties, the latter wiU liquid herb manure, cover the cut herb wiUi tmihediately after fcttiliiing with a manure- attract a wide and balanced variety of insects thus water and allow it to decompose for 3 weeks. containing compost These include aU of the promoting pollination of all neighbouring The nettie plants will be completely digested. cabbage varieties, cauliflower in particular, aU leaf vegetation. Some of the summer flowering plants During the 3 weeks and after, Uiis nettie liquid vcpetables such as chard, head lettuce, endive and and shrubs whkh have a beneficial effect are: will promote plant growth and protect plants spmach, as weU as celery and celeriac, leeks, wild rose, elderberry, Buddleio, privet, golden rod against unhealthy conditions. It is sprayed on cucumbers, squadi and sweet corn. Rhubarb and and bee balm. the plant to strengthen it, to help it overcome tomatoes are also heavy feeders but arc not Some herbs may be scattered about the garden, drought, etc. included in tiie crop rotation since rhubarb is a for mstance, one herb clump at the end of each perennial and tomatoes prefer to be retamed hi the raised bed, to help overcome Uie monoculture STRAWBERRIES favourite companion plants: same place year after year and fertilized wiUi and to create a lively aromatic ahnosphere ui tiie dwarf beans, lettuce, spinach, and especially tomato compost, (However, Uiere is a Irniit here; ^^ *H^«'.'" growmg. Small herb hedges may be borege. Many yeare ago, Pyrethrum was planted after 7-8 years one may find the tomatoes showine g''o*'"> '°^ mstance of hyssop or of lemon balm, alongside tha strawberries as a pest preventive. signs of blight The best remedy is to move them When hyssop is ui bloom, it is bedecked witii aU They also do well near a spruce hedge. Straw­ somewhere else). manner of moUis and butterflies, and wUd honey POTATO Eariy potatoes are known to grow berries dislike cabbage. Tlie heavy feeders arc followed by legumes or the ^^^ ^^ °^^^ nV'^S msects, all of which benefit Strawtwrries like compost containing pine soil improvers which add nitrogen to the soQ thuiec wholwi.u.ec gardengaiuen. Parslemiscyy aniu.du diUuiu,, coriandeconanocri andu Sl°" /"'I? ^IV^' ^"'t '^°''"' cabbage and peas. ,-— - - = r-.- Uirough theh root nodules. To this class belong bee balm, allowed to blossom wM provide welcome^'^"* a dw.ble row of peas, alternating with 2-3 Z,,}^\T^- t^^i""* ^'"'^ ''''° appreciate a beans and peas of oU varieties. for honey bees and butterflies who bring tiieh ''°*'' °' potatpes. The potatoes appreciate tho i™":", "f pme nwcfles or spruce needles. A The legumes should be foUowed by the light good uifluence to tiie heavier vegetables which ore "'*^°«^" ^'°^ *" ^^ "ots. 'Peca' compost for strawberries is made of feeders whkh should be fertilized wiUi a good confmed Uiere. Potatoes and English broad beans are good straw, pine needles, some green stuff virith tho compost, wcU^ccomposed, They include the usual inter-layers of soil and a small amount of HONEY BEES Are especiaUy attracted to Uiyme. companions. The broad beans need air and lime, and herbal accelerator. bulbs and aU root vegetables such as carrots, beet, catnip, lemon balm, pot marjoram, hyssop, sweet A'"'^ °?"" " P'.^".*®^ "°< mora Uian ttiree rows radishes, salsify, parmips, turnips and rutabagas. basil, summer savory and mint Ulick. Potatoes following a rye crop are observed For details, checic on cultural practices hi garden to grow exceedingly well, books. A small amount of horsei-adish, one plant in INSECT PESTS AND PLANT CONTROLS each corner of the potato patch, aids the For specific plants to control or reiHl specific insects, look under plant named: general health of potato plants. Dead nettle and sainfoin (esparsene) and nasturtium, benefit INSECT PLANT ANTAGONIST •""'°" "*""• «^°^'"« "^^^V" Ants Spearmint, Tansy, Pennyroyal" ^^amp grows in Uie neighbourhood of potatoes. Aptiis Nasturtium, Spearmint. they are not likely to be attacked by Phytophthora Stinging NetUe, Southern­ infestans, the cause of late blight. It has also been wood, Garlic observed by scientists that resistance of potatoes Bean Beetles Potatoes to the above blight is lowered in tfie vtelnity of Black Fly Intercropping, Stinging sunflower, tomato, apple, cherry, raspberry, TOMATOES Tomatoes and asparegus are NetUe pumpkin or cucumber. Potatoes grown in the mutually helpful. Parsley is a good companion to both. Tomatoes aid earty cabbage. Cabbage Butterily Sago, Rosemarv, Hyssop, vicinity of a birch wood rot more easily then Tomatoes give off root excretions which have Caterpillar Thymo, Mint, Wormwood, potatoes grown in the vicinity of pine. (See Southernwood garlic). an inhibitory effect on the growth of young Oak leaf mulch, tanbsrk apricot trees. It was also found that potatoes CUCUMBERS (Cucumis sativus) These appreciate Cutworm Potatoes and sunflower stunt each other. grown near tomatoes were not resistant to some shade whether grown in the greenhouse, the F'aa Beatles Wormwood, Mint frame or outside. Ridge cucumbers grow weU In Files Nut trees, Rue, Tansy, Root eiaretlons from potatoes somewhat inhibit potato blight alternate rows with sweet com. Borders around the spray of Wormwood and/ growUi of tomatoes. Gooseberry shrubs planted near tomatoes do or tomato not suffer from certain insects. cucumber patch can carry companion planthigs of Potatoes should not be grown near orach because Tomatoes like to grow in tfie same area year kohlrabi and lettuce, kohlrabi and cariy savoy Grub, May Bug Oak leaf mulch, tanbsrk the latter checks growUi of the former. Oradi is Lico, Plant Stinging Nettle, herbs (See after year end prefer compost made with their cabbage, celeriac and lettuce or bush beans, or a relative of pigweed. It prospers well next to the own stalks and leaves. lettuce and radishes. A border of beans helps the also APHIS) poteto, but If it increases, it indicates Uiat the cucumbers and the latter hi turn help the beans. Mosquito Castor bean. Sassafras, toil In ttie potato field ii exhausted. They do not grow woU in the vicinity of Cucumbers do well with sunflowers. Pennyroyal kohlrabi and fennel. Cucumbers arc especiaUy helped by compost made Moths Wormwood, Southernwood, Plant early potatoes in the garden, and after the Tomatoes era aided by stinging nettle. The of horse manure and sods, best of all containhig Rosemaiy, Sage, Santolina, first earttiing up, plant cabbages between them. pretence of the latter growing nearby makes couch gross. Lavender, Mint The cabbages should do well. the tomatoes keep better with lltUe mould or Potato BeaUe Eggplant, Flax, Groan putrefaction. If Uie cucumber vines are attacked by downy Beans Potatoes growing much foliage suppress many mQdew, it will appear as yellowish-brownie spots Colorado weeds. If the toil becomes infested with fat hen. Oak leaf mulch, tanbark wiUi purplish-grey mildew on Uie lower side. The Slugs It Is a sign Uiat potatoes have been grown there Garlic disease may be prevented by ushig stingfaig nctUe Weevils long enough and It It time to change the crop Nasturtium liqukL Woolly Aphis on that pert of the land. //. PHILWCK <*• Flie.Hf\r{Ti S(?Ctfa. fflOVKI

WILHELM REICH: and the caption words of Reich-Touch, of this the significance of Ihe mass and fo her flat is a good example. WhUe MYSTERIES OF THE ORGANISM Feel, work, laugh. Enjoy, Love. We tiien mass psychology and its relation to tiie MUena has a sterile talk with Vladimir, see a clip of a couple fucking in the denial of orgone energy (e.g. see Reich's her flat mate has taken off her clothes The film is not so much about the life countryside from a Scxpol film (Gemiany the Mass Psychology of Facism), the and is romping around the room; and and tcachmgs of WiUielm Reich (W.R.), as Assoc, for Proletarian Sexual Politics) made effect of mass culture in America, sexual meanwhUc, her proletarian lover has broken inspired by them. Russian director by Reich in Germany about 1930. It is 'freedom' advertising ('Marx Factor' is the down a wall to get in and proceeds to hang Makavejiev gives his view of the way played with the Comm. Internatiole and cue in one intercut). Consumer society her bourgeois ice-prick up in a cupboard society and poHlics (communist and Reich's identity with the Comm. Parly is ('Coca-cola the real thing', 'Coppertonc where his expensive fur coat belongs. From capitalist) operate, and in so far as his clear, it is only m the penersions of the Icosest thing to the sun', the revolut­ the outset MUena is a theoretical unpotcnt, view owes much to Reich (1897-1957) Stalinism (as the film makes clear) that ionary gueriUa left masturbating his and remains so righl through till the end the film is centred tn Uic life and Uiought this identity is lost. The next wc hear machine gun, transvestile Jackie Curtis, where her bodiless head denounces Ihe of Uiis man. The fihn is difficult to piece of Reich is in America where he exiled the 'liberated' editorial s'aff of Screw—), Red fascism of Vladimir. "Fascism is the together at one viewing and deserves to himself, and latet voted for Eisenhower! the place and efficacy of the individual in poUtics of the sexually crippled". be seen more Uian once. It requires some We arc shown his home, the town he both these societies, the role of women knowledge of Reich, and an empathy for Uvcd in, some of the townspeople who in male society (MUena), and the point This, along with several olher tightly packed what has happened and is happening in 'knew' him and his famUy-aU filmed from where the critique all begins, the themes, all developed together and inte­ socialist Uiinking to be appreciated, documentary style in 1968. (Including a sacredncss and mystery of orgone energy, grated, is thefUm. Wc have looked (only (Lumierc-May 1973-has a good review of really good shot of Pete, the local barber and so the reblionship of Ihc indh^idual superficially in any detail) at one ot two Uic film tiiat's worth reading.) The film and deputy sheriff who describes the 'funny' to his body ("You don't have a body, you of them as they relate to and derive from works on a parallelism between capitalist way Dr Reich had his hah cut, while are your body"). Quite a lot for less than the life and thinking of WUhelm Reich: tiie society (set in Uie U.S.) and socialist fingering his buUdog crew cut). a couple of hours! Nevertheless it's all there man whose "name is world revolution". society (set in Yugoslavia), intercutting Meanwhile we have had a couple of cuts to and probably more with bits IVe missed. The film could be criticized for an overly between both. Both societies are viewed a group of people passing an egg yoke to enigmatic quaUty both in script and the Any one of these could be pursued at as sick, often embodying similar or identical and over each other without breaking breadth of what it seems to be trying to length in talking about the fUm, and its problems. And the sickness owes much it in a sensitivity exercise, and a shot of convey. At times it's Uke trying to remem­ compact delivery allows it plenty of scope (if not aU) to sexual impotency especially an 'urban guerilla' freak in fuU battle dress ber the images flashed at 1/50 sec. in a for putting a lot in. And the content too of tiiose who offer sexual or social stalking the streets of an American metrop- speed reading course and attempting to is loaded. For example, Vladmh lUyich 'liberation', those whose actions arc seen oUs. Soon the film cuts (ironically intro­ relate them lo the over-view of the fihn (the fust names of Lenm) murders MUena as stemmuig from a frustration or denial duced by a frame:'Sexpol 1971-Belgrade, and the phUosophy of Reich-though with his ice-skate (Trotsky was murdered of orgasmic potential. This does not mean Yugoslavia') to the parallel story line, this criticism would no doubt diminish with a pick axe), He has the rank of 'People's Uiat Reich (or the fUm) denies politics Uie relationship of cheese-cakey MUena with successive viewings. Other than that, Artist', (Another theme? the 'mass' or human Uberation in its various forms Dravic, (a Reichian advocate), to her criticism (that 1 can Uiink of anyway) effect of Art, jt autiiority over the individual (though it is aitical of most of them), but proletarian boy-friend, her lively flatmate, might be mounted at the overly-intellectual as consumer), and embodies on a personal raUier that it sees both as needing to be lier superstar Russian ice-foUies pickup quaUiy of the fdm and its method. The level the unperiaUsm of Russia as a state. centred ui orgone energy (Reich's term). Vladunir Illyich, her poUtics, and her frames are slacked, Uke the dialogue, the characterizations and the situations, wiUi 'Sexuality' in its normal understanding Uieories. The inter-cutting is frequent and In his art, an ice-foUies exUavagania, he symbolic come metaphoric over-lays, is too narrow a word to describe orgone it would take pages (and be impossible) provides the sexual outlets for a se.\uaUy chiefly of an inteUectual nature. The energy, or what Reich is about, for Reich to relate the lot. It wiU be easier to try un-free society. MUena is trapped in her own scene in MUena's flat mentioned earlier is concerned with Uie whole man, free and focus on some of the ihings the fihn ideologies about sexual and women's for example contains as a background and self regulatuig as an individual, and is seems to be getting at and relate various Ubcration-the two never meet, and neitiier is image a photo of Freud with dart's in it- m his deepest sense mystical, though he parts of the 'story' as they apply. realiied. The most she achieves is the dictator a capsule slatement of Reich's relationship would be eager to substitute 'mystification' role over the mass "the goose-stepping to Freud which took him a book to for much of what has passed ui the use mass orgasm of Fascism", in her apartment As I see it, through Makavcijiev and Reich, explain? I think it's a fascinating and of this word. From this basis Reich (and balcony speech. She is forced into sub­ we are out gunning for much of the unportant film insphed by an equally tiie fihn) articulate theii criticism of mission by Bladunir lUyich (Russia), her fuckedupedness of contemporary history- fascinating and unportant man, and, in sociaUst and capitalist poUtics, focussuig attempt at female initiative sexuaUy (she the sorry stale of socialism (particularly so far as its medhim is the documentary, on the uidividual and the psychological puts lier hand on his crutch) is greeted Russian unperialism, imaged ui the rape of by far the best example of this form in and sociological perversions arismg from witii a thumb, she is forced to play courting MUena and extinction of humaness ui film I'm seen, his sexual impotency. games with Vladunir, and has fallen for tiie Vladimh lUich, Uie Red bourgeoisie, The film opens with a dedication to Reich male unage (authority virility) in the fust StaUnism, even snatches of Mao) as part Peter Jordan, place. A scene where she takes hun back

LET THE GOOD TIMES ROLL. hun into the old twist numbers with Town Theatre determmed verve. dhected by Abel and Levme. The unages prseented form an maedibly detaUod coUage of Fifties' memorabUia: Exclusive Screening - will be seen only at the ALHAMBRA "AU RhyUim and Blues records arc the fads, Uie famous screen moments, Uie dirty and as bad for kids as dope". Thus fashions, Uie faces and Uic fascism are all spake Peter Potter, compere of HoUywood's there: everything from MacArUiur to Sunday 5th August only Juke Box Jury m 1955. In Ftfties' Mighty Mouse, from DuUes to Duck-tailed flashback, Uie makers of this fascinating hair-dos, from Stalin to silver bullets. These- documentary allow the whole gaggl eof 8P.M. do not descend upon the viewer in an would-be rock'n'roll wreckers to have Uieir undifferentiated onslaught, but rather are say: Uie smarmy exponents of "better music" carefully patterned to fit a mood or a *- THE WATERGATE DISASTER« dismissing rock as a bad noisy fad; Uie dour tune-and the cumulathe impact is often con.sorts of Uiat ham-fisted maiden Laura very effective. When Uie ShueUes perfonn WHO IS TO BLAME? . Norda condemnmg rock and toll "riots"; Soldier Boy, we watch newsclips of Presly young white evangelicals scared shitiess by being meekly shorn fo rtiie army. As tiie the beat and tiie meat of 'black' music. Coasters sing those words from Charlie NOW YOU CAN BE THE JUDGE. SPEND A HUNDRED And, of course, the music was and still Brown: He's gonna get caught is everything the upright and Uie uptight FUN PACKED MINUTES LOOKING AT A MAN WHO just you wait and see, . • attacked il for-which in turn explains hs we see young fox-faced Dicky Nixon HAS MESSED A DIRTY MARK ON fflS COUNTRY - popularity. It was rhythmic ratiier than grinning coyly. (Later he will return lo melodic, 'primitive and sensual' raUier Uian teU us and Pat about his battle scars.) OR HAS HE? 'civUized' and respectable. It simply wasn't Most effective of all, however, is the Five 'nice.' It was, m short, everything that Uie Stalins' moving encore number I'll Be late Fifties wasn't. The "good tunes', Seeing You, whUe scenes of great movie A WHITE COMEDY IN THE TRADITION OF referred to in the Shirley and Lee signature stars of the Fifties, mostly now dead, are tune were not those of the ;ra itsclf-an THE MARX BROTHERS. flashed upon the screen, bcgimiuig with age of sexual repression, conformity, Cold • MarUyn Monroe and ending witii James War and McCanhyite hysteria. Practically Dean. I'U leave you to guage your own everythuig about tiie tunes but rock*n'roU EMILEDEANTONIOS emotional reaction to that-but when Uiis was stultifying bad. In one scene here, was immediately foUowed by Chuck Berry "wUd one" Marlon Brando is asked "What returning to look over and talk about his PRODUCTION OF are you rebelUng agauist?" and sardonically old tout-bus, rotting in a field, I was replies "What've you got?" It is somewhat clearly feelhig all choked up. difficult to convey, perhaps, to the genera­ This fUm has humour and irony, tion of the late^sixties, the basic stiffness excitement, good music and, for some, of Ufe hi Uie late^fifties, when even wearing many memories. It employs every fihnic iWILLHOUSE dtop-carmgs or pink socks could be technique and uses every screen nze regarded as a subversive act. As far as conceivable. Most importanUy, the pace modern music is concerned of course, the never seemed to flag all Uie way to the profits of boom m the pop uidustry dunax on stage when Chuck Berry faces cventuaUy sUenced the prophets of doom- Bo Diddley in a guitar and dance duel. and consequentiy the beat goes on. You can ahnost name before-hand Uic songs The fihn anchors itself m tiic Richard you win hear, but what oUier songs can Nader Rock and RoU Revival Concerts held get tiie hall-cops ahnost dancing with the tiiroughout Uic stadiums of New York in audience? It's probably true that Uie day 1969-1970, and presents a sifting of Uie wiU come when Fats Domino will be too old artists who performed tiiere: Little Richard, to push his piano off-stage, or when Chuck Chuck Berry and Bo Diddley (also together Berry wiU begin to duck-walk and throw in Keep On Rockin'), as weU as Fats out his back. But when that day does Domuio, Chubby Checker, BUI Haley and come, I jusl hope I'm not around. tiic Comets, Danny & the Juniors, tiie Go see this fUm; and when you go, do ShueUes, Uie Coasters and tiie Fh^e Satins. yourself a favour take an older brother or Chuck Berry again emerges as Uie finest sister along as a guide. RICHARD: ^MILHOUSE' (NIXON) on-stagc perfomier of tiie entire retinue. But what is most fascinating about tiiis film RAY EVANS IS tiie jolting juxtaposition of 'then' and EXCLUSIVE TO 'now'. The artist is seen in fuU colour al Uie Richard Nixon l» Trieky-Dlcky concert upon one half of Uic wide screen, and as he was, in bkick and white, upon ALHAMBRA THEATRE the other-usually performing tiic same " 0ILLHOUSE number. This works best in Uie case of Millhouse is a humourous ncwsreel STONES CORNER Little Richard: his old and new faces anthology of the worlds most humorless amazhigly synchronised upon Uie belting looser, Richard M. Nixon. Emilo De lyrics of Lucille. For Chubby Checker, Antonio has created ihc film in the STUDENT CONCESSIONS. however, the approach is distinctly spirit of his sugject, tiic poUtical detrunental and a Utile sad. Chubby tiien genius and incredible blunders of a was sUck, smooUi and cool. Now he seems storekeepers' son rising to the BOOKINGS : PH. 91 4943 to be parting at Uic scams. Yet, neverUielcss, he does stiU manage to Uirow whal's lefl of Presidency of the USA'

< ^ . . K , POPfflUfIC

Stealers Wheel (A& M) There's a revolving restaurant on lop RoUing Stone, IS Avenue Rd., Glebe, be Uic Stewart's "Reason to Believe"), Tiieir sound is a bull hybrid of the Beatles where you can have your last meal: it's N.S.W. 2037 (please print) saying, "Yes, Tail's songs are cased out slow and easy and the Bee Gees, as severe a case of genetic in the all-inclusive price. And, "as an I would like 12 months subscription to with plenty of feeling accessible behind deficiency as you're ever likely to find. extra added bonus", before jumping you can your newspaper plus a free copy of Cheech the raspy vocals. His version of the They're anaemic on imagination, as the gel into a "splatter-proof plastic bag with & Chong's Latest Album Success, I under­ Everly Brothers' "When will i be loved?" clip of their single ("Stuck in the Middle your initials on it-for easy idcnfication. So stand Rolling Stone offers fortnightly not is typical-it's a good song but its tone is WiUi You") made clear on G,T,K. Each don't delay, make that big jump today." only coverage of the pop scene but some too often repeated in the album the blues time Uic lines "Clowns to the left of mc, There's a quiz program, "Let's Make a of the finest articles written in the field become banal, c.g. "Blue Day". But he has jokers to the tight, Here I am, stuck in Dope Dcar'-"wherc young pushers try of the so-called, "new joutnalism" "Impotlant; his happy side too. "Country Green Ahead" Uic middle with you" came round, i.e. to parlay their stash into that really big Do not omit lo add, to re-assure Rolling and "When Uiat day comes" iUusIrate his about 5 times, Ihc singer turned first to connection and jump up into dcalcrhood." Stone, and also for your own protection, abUity to fuse natural imagery wilh his his left, pop, a clown, then to his righl, The contestant is "former head of the "I am not Erica Parker, nor am I acting voice and piano playing to express simple hey, a joker, then pointed al him.self. Yes, PhUosophy DepL At Harvard Univer.sily." on her behalf," emotion c.g. In "When that day comcs"- Uiere he was in between them, truly, stuck "Why did you drop out?" he says "I played wound around the common but beautiful in the middle, SlUl, anyone who aspires Black Sabbath al 78 and saw God, "What's theme of the seasons": lo jumping in where the Beau Brummcls, he doing now-making candles; "weU that Sonny Terry and Brownie McGhcc arc "When that day comes You know that I'd want lo fly Bee Gees and Badfingcr lord water can't sounds creative," "The 1st queslion-What coming (o Brisbane, to the City HaU, Get my body warm and so brown afford to get too fancy (that's just what is your name?" "he hesitates but when pretty soon, Theh new album. You Bring Near die sound of waves and the sun happened to Ihe Bcatlcs-Ribin Gibb ex­ the compare teUs hhn, "You have 10 the Boogie Out in Me (k &. U) is all My little one, I don't want to see you cry plained this-lhey got loo involved at around seconds, Bob" he pulls himself togetiier, electric and real nice. It's much more We've had our winter blows about "Strawberry Fields" and lost a lot of something clicks, and he answers, "Bob", interesting than John Mayall's albums have Uieir younger fans). been for a long, long whUe. Here's Sonny Jusl refuse to let them go on. . . "0,K. Here wc go for Ihe 2nd plateau, when that day comes "But when he has to pick the right door, and Brownie with solid chunks of sound Clear and simple songs have always had a that'll really thicken up your stereo and Let's away and brusli the cobwebs lot going for them but with noUiing Uiere "Behind 1 of these 3 doors is 50 lbs of Listen to the gypsy vicdin playing soft Lebanese Blonde Hash, makes your eyes guitar solos that don't always take the Uicrc's no vhlue in coming straight to the expected blues route. They'll be great lo to lovers in the spring. . . point. Groups like Stealers Wheel seem lo red just thinkin' about il." he refuses Uic compere's offer of $50 & SO reds for his sec, a really good night out. Buy Uic sense this wilh the amount of circling record too. Fuck the purists-let them slay and repetition going on in each track. Slade stash, now standing at 100 keys, refuses even $1,000 & 100 reds, Uie 2 characters home wilh their archive copies, 78s & sound like John Lennon but at least they've Smg Outs while you all get on down got some kick they can caU their own. waiching the T.V. arc crying "take the When summer comes round his song is reds" & "Its Officer O'MaUey of the F.B.I, lo Uic City Hall & Enjoy it-Sonny & finished, his love complcte-nothmg Stealers Wheel sound more like Ringo and Brownie sure do. are so derivative they arc scarcely discernible. and yourrrc busied!" Tlic next segment is profound, but he doesn't pretend to be. But as is the case wilh Uriah Heep, wc wilh "Ihat really together D.J. Laid-back Richard Overell Il's an album of varied appeal-even a must admire their obvious lack of ambition, Lenny", He announces some contest song about a disUlusioned Jesus freak! Uicir essential humility. winners. Tlic first one is for naming the SONGFALL PhUlip Goodhand-Tait Anyway, Tail is helped out by R,J, Cole, Richard Ovcrell 3 most played songs in Ihc English D.J.M. Records. Rich Wakeman, and others. Tlie album's language. The correct answer is "Happy almost worth it for the cover, a dusk cover, If you like Rod Stewart's voice listen lo BIG BAMBU by Cheech dt Cliong (A & M) Birthday to You", "Auld Lang Syne" and a visual rcflcsion of his mellow voice and Phillip Goodhand-Tait-his album is like "Inna Gadda da Vida'" the prize is "a unagcry-a real songfaU, Tills is tlicir second album. It's not as blind date wilh Sicvic Wonder the most a refined (musically and vocally) Rod funny as their first and there arc fewer oulasighl man in sliow business". We also Stewart album (the closest parallel would Leonic Ovcrell. sketches included (also no (•laniour photo get to hear the winner of Uie "how or poster) but they're Just as accurate many downers can you drop contest". in their dialogues and their various characterisations. They catch all the 1 liked it and I'm pretty sure it's socio­ "man"s, "right on"s and "far ouf's, not logically relevant loo, 1 mean as a comment, only in the ordinary conversations but in at times scathing, on the capitalist exploit­ radio, T.V. and advertising's use of all ation of Ihe counter culture and the LINDISFARWE tilings "cool" and "hip". pointing out of the spirit of capitalism inherent in the individuals of Uie latcrnatc A new Lindisfarne takes to the road play as a unit together. It had been The funniest bils aie in the television society. medley on side 2. There's an advertisement led by Alan Hull and Ray Jackson going on for about a year since the for a skyscraper to suicide off: "Are you If you want to enjoy yourselves and do from the original group that split release of 'Dingly Dell'. tired of wars, smog and inflation? Is life two (2) sociologicaUy valid things al once, two months ago. Alan and Ray have known the four just one big bummer and you feel Uke take out a 12 montii subscription to Four other Gcordie musicians have others who make up the new group RoUingslone NOW! and get FREE! a copy ending it aU? Well the Empire Hancock joined tiicm to reproduce the music for about ten years. They're all well Building stretches 100 stories straight up of tills record. Just enclose a bank cheque of the old group—and write new known and respected Geordie musicians in tiie ah to ensure its no miss policy." or money order for $16.10 in a letter to material in the fashion that elevated who have iggged together for years on Lindisfarne to the top sing-a-Iong and off in various bands in Newcastle band in the land. and elsewhere. To those who have followed "We're all dead pleased to get Lindisfame's rapid rise to glory over together, it's a chance in a million the past two years, the news of the because we have always admired each split came as no real surprise. The other's work and hoped that some group was dissatisfied with their last day we would all be in the same band. album, "Dingly Dell", and musical "The good thing about this is that difference withm the group came to Kenny Craddock writes a lot of good a he^d on their last tour of America stuff, Tommy writes and Charlie writes earlier this year. a little so there are four writers in The three who have quit—Si Cowe, the band now instead of one main Rod Clements and Ray Laidlaw—were writer and two who wrote occasionally. happier playing bluesy rock and roll "We're starting off by doing half a while Hull and Jackson, the group's dozen new songs that I have done on two frontmen, wished to continue my solo album, three or four of the Lindisfarne policy of lively songs Kenny's songs and a couple of Tommy!s. tended to become complicated by We will do four or five old Lindisfarne production techniques and the rift songs like 'Lady Eleanor', 'No Tune grew and grew. To Lose', 'Clear White Light' and And it's not unreasonable to suggest probably do 'We Can Swing Togetiier' that Cowc, Clements and Ray Laidlaw- and 'Fog On The Tyne' at the end werc also becoming increasingly dis­ if we get requests for them." satisfied with their "back-up" role A few British dates have been lined witiiin the group. AU the limelight feU up for the new band before they embark on Hull and Jackson. on an Au&tr^ian tour. A single is Joinmg Jul! and Jackson arc Kenny likely to be issued durmg the summer Craddock on guitar and keyboards, but, because of live commitments, it's Charlie Harcourt on guitar and vocals, doubtful whether they'U record until Tommy Duffy on bass and Paul later m the summer and a new Nicholls on drums. Lindisfarne album won't be released Craddoc, Harcourt and Duffy will until October or November. all write along with Hull and Jackson. However, there arc plans for a live Nicholls was formcriy with Sandgate, album, recorded by the old group to Duffy was with Arc and later Bell 'n' be released during the summer. This Arc, Harcourt was wiUi Jackson Heights was recorded live at Newcastle City before he left for a spell in the States HaU. with Cat Motiier and Craddock has CHRIS CHARLESWORTH played in a variety of groups including • Melody Maker Gmger Baker's Airforcc and Mark/ LIIMDISFARNE Almond. & Hull is full of enthusiasm for the new group, although he admitted last LA DE DAS week that when the fu-st group broke JOIN YHA A up, the last thing he wanted to do BLACK WATER was to forth another one so soon. He was thmking about a solo career, AUSTRALIA ' but was wary about going on stage FESTIVAL HALL alone. As it is, he has a solo album THURSDAY AUGUST 9th released next month and the new group's repertoire will include material $4.20 - $3.20 from this. AND SEE QUEENSLAND Student Discount 50ji with Union card 'Tvc almost forgottin what happened to the last group. It's all BOOK NOW AT PALINGS so long ago now", Hull told mc. 147 Ann Street Phone-, "We reached a point where wc couldn't Brisbane Q4000 214905 RECORDS STARS OF THE SILVER SCREEN The album loo is attractively, even lovingly, But perhaps it is a little unfair to con- 1929-1930. (R.CA./LPV 538). $5 packaged in a cover designed and meticul­ cnctratc upon what the record omits rather ously annotated to carry you 'way-back-then*. than what il reveals. After all, it is only An Italian operatic celebrity, after But a littie nostalgia can be a dangerous music. It remains to be said, however, that seeing his first Hollywood musical, once tiling: for it lends lo accept uncritically the most undisccrning listener cannot faU summarized the experience in the foUowing the presented products of a given age, lo hear in these lyrics some of the un- words: "NoKinc could sing and everyone because of their nominal affinity to that e.xamined prejudices and predispositions of sang." In the early days of talking films, age-and little else. It refuses to examine this era which thankfully have become everyone sang too-and noi only in the them cither culturally or historically- a littie jarring today. There is George musicals that dominated the screen. Stars and, as such, is basicaUy inimical to a true JesscI, vocalizing remarkably like Al Jolson were ofien obliged to do so in theh aesthetic or real human e.xpcriencc. upon "My Mother's Eyes"-a number which sound debut, no matter what kind of film Those "improbable, deliciously innocent must stand at the uncitious pinnacle of they were making. I-'ortunately, the majority early days of the TaUcics", as Ihc blurb American "Momism". And, oh momma, of the performers here CAN sing-and, for on Ihe album calls them, were really days what a load of sexism there is! Hear Sophie the most part, remarkably well. There is, of panic and caUous double-dealing in Tucker sing: for instance, Jeanetle MacDonald, warbling the American film industry, days when When dinner is over, I turn and he's gone. and trilling over her "Dream Lover", and promising careers were reuined and motion 1 hear him sneak in just about dawn, doing rather nicely for someone who is • picture techniques were set back years I don't say nothin' 'cos from then on just supposed to have woken up. Again, due to the static dominance of "K ing He's a good man tohave around. where vocal quaUties are not so pro­ Mike' in the studio. The self-assured Or hear Helen Morgan admit: nounced, that most welcome substitute- professionalism of the performers on this I never knew how good it was to be 'personality'-often comes lo the rescue: album-actors and singers who survived A slave to one who means the world to me. for example, in the inspired 'scat' harmon­ the 'revolution'-is just the frosting on a izing of Ihe Duncan Sisters, or in Charies rather seedy cake, Gloria Swanson, featured King's yankeenioodling his way through here ui her sound debut, would later say "Broadway Melody". CHevalier carries a it in "Sunset Boulevard" for those actors, tiic And 1-anny Brice, "Cooking Breakfast for numeber only passably, but his honeyed Gilberts, the Kealons and the Clara Bows, 'die One I Love", is enough to send Gallic accent and his professional charm who were better seen than heard: "Wc assorted women's libbers quite bananas. hold the secret of his infectiousness. There didn't need dialogue . , , we had faces Finally, on the closing track, there is THIS IS MC (wcnr YOU iun AFFORD TO KI$S is something appealing, even, in Dolores then , , ," anolhe rlittie bonus: a burst of sentimental Del Rio's "Ramona", as she struggles for 1.15 pi.M. UTUtDAY, IM AUGUST American racism. Everett Marshall sings, the high notes in her fractured English, ot •MSIANE CITY HAU hi impeccable nigger-boy English: in Helen Kane's high-camping it in her Tlie olher great social traumas which I UM • tut. tatMm U tm. Mr and Mrs Sippi, baby-doU voice tiirough "He's So Unusual" tiie tracks on this album span are the I'se miss you so I'se gets dippy . . . UAM •OaKMfll MOW OMM from Ihe Paramount fUm, "Sweeties". WaU Street Crash of October 1929 and You're just like my mammy and CM m0 Ct^M W(* ml Mt Mt— The operative word for the album is, of the onset of the Depression, Of this, pappy course, 'nostalgia'. And it is al here: the however, thete is not even a whisper, When I'se beside you I'se happy . , . evocative orchestration, the 'period' lyrics unless Denis King, singing "Nichavo! Ch^/ra. hr t .,,.,... Wt IkMii and even, here and there, that sort of (Nothing Matters)" and breaking off into His recording of this song in June 1930 sutic whisper-ir is this my stereo?- hysterical laughter, is trying to tell us coincided incidentally with a fresh rash of cushioning the track. It aU seems to smack something. Instead, we're reminded hot to lynchings in the American South. so unmistakeably of authenticity. When "brogn a frown to Old Broadway", for Maybe to mention these things is to John Boles sings "It Happened In Monterey" "no skies are grey on the Great White take these gay, breezy numbers that you know he's not referring to tens of Way", Pretty soon, many who heard tiiese 'warm the heart and tickle Ihe toesies' aU thousands of long-haired freaks there, numbers would be queuing for suop on too seriously. After aU, film fans of the .JWTOOM. ganging cans over their heads. He's just the 'srcat white way'; while others would day never took them seriously, did they? JMiU. recaUing "stars and steel guitars and be literally 'dancing with tears in their But then again, that was perhaps half their ttmm andM • luscious lips as sweet as wine"-and rcaUy, eyes' in gruelling baUroom marathons in trouble. Nimbinitcs, what more could you want? RAY EVANS isssi order, hopefully, to earn some bread. THCATRC A BAD CASE OF FALLOUT here an exccUcnt job. Styles range from folk to a IT'S A 2IT 6INCH ABOVE THE GROUND WORLD THE GREAT BANANA SPLIT heavy brassy rock style with a few stopovers in Buddy HoUy country, a little bit of jazz, a deUght- The Irish are mad, the Irish are whimsical - Well, the adverti'scmcnts aU said how poUtical I just hope to hcD this issue of Semper comes ful pot pourrie of a Uttie Verdhig Bizet and Wagner, the Irish arc a lot of things according to all tiie revue had been brought to Brisbane by this out in lime for you all to get the message - all shaken, not stincd and then seasoned with a myths I've heard. True or otherwise - one tiling show. There they were, the four of them who miss this show will be forever damned, and dash of G. and S. Great Stuff. remains - the Irish do tend to be CathoUcs. Now. Lord and Lance Reynolds, beautiful Udies ought to be put up against a wall and shot taking things iUogically in the line taken by Margaret Lord and Tina BarsUl, up on stage The story, Harry Lightfoot's journey from Kevin Loffan in the abovemcntioned long-named ripping no so much into political figures Enol O'NeUI has surpassed himseU" with this iUusion to disUlusion, fromgrunticd to dis­ play this leads to many things. but public misconceptions and apathy about show. '1 Hear What You Say' and that other one, gruntled portrayed a mental joumcd famUiar to The Pope against the PUl, the contraception these figures and theh. 'Hydrogen Jukebox', tiie two revues he has prod­ many. The use of an alter-cgo on a not quite abortion question, should Priests Uke the pUI - uced have been left far bahind. FaUout is great, simUar trip worked effiectively, HeU, what can I should Priests live with theh mothers. What was mate. //- • say - the cast was aU exccUent, no one person Mother Theresa doing in the hogs bog at the As is to be expected from tiic titic could, or should, be singled out for special mention Convent last Tuesday morning? Which is it l>e&t (and by common sense when it boils down ^. - they are aU worth it. So here goes, a special for a young girl fresh from Country KUdare to to that too) the theme was oru glorious leader, mention for aU the cast - theh names arc inside surrender her virtue to - a contracepted Protest­ that answer to a nation prayer, that upholder of the progreammes you buy at the top of the stairs ant or an uncontracepted CatnoUc {or vice versa) truth, nobUlty, virtue and the 'only way' (not to before you go in to sec it. and above aU, docs daddy have liairs on his wce- be confused with the 'right Une' - though right The script was excellent, the great empty P .u -. • <• M J U An incredibly good play, weU dhected (R.Burke it is, right enough) that naieve novelty from space of the SchoneU stage was fitted out with , ^ ^''f "^! "/°"" " 1 ^f ^ ^."l"* " ,«=°"erat- takes credit here) and superbly directed. If Fingaroy - what's his name? - you know the a weU-devised set which was used to perfection. 1''^''°"? ^°'"" *''° participated, tt certamly any of this superb cast stood out it was Les one I mean. Lighting was weU integrated with the theme of " ' '.''I ™P^7f"' on atiy other attempt at McWUliams as the randy handyman (or handy Anyway, to cut a long story shorter, the show tiie play and the Stage Manager, a nea! hunch back S"^ZZrPwZ^Tr? ul'vL randymanrandyman) Jwh wnoo wa was sa sa sclerica cicncal ia sa sa a leprechau icprecniiu.n . ^^ ^^.j, ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^ ^,^^ sketches were was his usual hearty Uttie self. The choreography ^^^^^ ^^^^^ tlfooSaC on a drop of the hard stuff. It is still on - and wUl beaut^^ , ^a fef w were cute, th,. e^ performerocrformcrss Was - weU - beaut - no other word. run for a few more weeks, so see it all you things. Come and sec it, you will learn a lot. excellent and ovcraU it amounted to a perceptive people. Laugh a Utile - not just at the play weU-performed sathc of politics, and opinion. but at all of us, possibly learn a Uttle, but Shining out above all, to mc anyway, was the WeU worth a visit. music. Frank MiUward and Joe Wolfe have done L.R.F. most of all, and this 1 guarantee, enjoy yourself. But -just looking around at the well Immediately next up at Rep. is a play dressed opening night audience who were caUcd 'Horses' which, from what I can lapping it up so enthusiastically, I just could "A RIPPER OF A PLAY" gather, is the feminist reply lo 'White with not help wondering whose side they were on Whc Wheels' - a Utile less funny perhaps - J.B.P.'sor the people's when it came lo the but more insane, poUinp booth. "A night futi of laughter. She's a beauty mate" Dick Freeland. L.R.I'. Melb. Sun BOOKI SPEECH AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF otiicr's company, FoUowing separation MENTAL PROCESSES IN THE CHILD and placement in different language en­ By Luria, A,R, and Yudovich, R. La, vironments, one twin was given an intensive Penguin Papers in Education (Pp, 110) language development programme over a Penguin Books 1971. ($1.35) period of ten months, allowing for com­ The Australian Elizabethan Theatre Trust presents This small monograph (110 pages) was parisons between tiic twins after this the Melbourne Theatre Company's Smash Hit Comedy. first published in the USSR in 1956, with period. Detailed transcription of aU verlan an English translation in 1959. Despite the and aUicd behaviour allowed for advances made in Ihc field of linguistics systematic analysis of the developing and psycholinguistics in the intervening language processes. As a result of the 'twin years, Luria's investigation remains a classic situation' Uic speech levels remained at a work in the study of the emergence of primitive stage of development, wilh speech and language processes. The role minhnal use of speech as a means of played by speech in the formation of a communication with otiiers, or as a means child's mental processes is not only one of of engaging in higher levels of abstract by David. llie most important psychological questions, thinking, FoUowing tiie experimental period, Williamson but also one of Uic most difficult to both twins made significant improvements, analyxe. We must therefore particularly witii the cxpctimcntal twin showing advances HER MAJESTY'S THEATRE: Wed. 8rt August value tiiose rare occasions when special in conceptualization and: Ihe abstract use of conditions enable us to single out tiic language far in advance of the non-trained to Sot. 18th August, ot 8.15 p.m. Motinees Sat. speech factor, and with an expcrbiiental twin. 11th ond 18th August ot 2 p.m. procedure study Its isolated influence, A Any professional person concerned with unique opportunity arose for the invest­ child developmcnl-psychologlsls, linguists, Good concessions to Trust Members, igation of speech and language development educators and speech therapists wUt find Book now at Theatre or Palii^s. Penskiners, ft Students. in a pah of identical twins wltii retarded tills book of particular interest. Prices $4.20, $3.20 and $2.20. Also n«ftiei-Tel •>M(ffl| ^eech. who were pemianently in each Neil Slorach RATATOUILLE (serves 4-6) 1 large egg for about I hr., stirring occasionally. 2 onions 4 onions chopped parsley 2 capsicums salt, pepper, basil, WHOLEMEAL BREAD 1-2 lb. zucchinni I teasp. paprika 4 cups wholemeal flour 2 medium eggplants wholemeal breadcrumbs (or flour) Vi mushrooms 1 teasp. salt 1-2 lb. tomatoes oil for frying 1 tablsp. honey salt pepper, basil Cook lentils in salted water for 20- 1 oz. margarine oil for frying. 30 mins., drain. Combine with egg, \% cups lukewarm water Cut onions and tomatoes into large finely chopped celery, onion, capsicum, ^ oz. dry yeast pieces. Cut capsicum into thin strips. and parsley, and season to taste. Mix estra flour Slice zucchinni and mushrooms. Dice well, form into patties. Roll in bread­ MISO SOUP Add salt to flour and mix. Melt mar­ eggplant. Keep each vegetable separate. crumbs, and fry till golden brown. garine in saucepan, remove from heat, ^ cabbage Fty onion till half cooked. Add Serve with steamed vegetables. add honey and dissolve. Dissolve yeast 4 carrots Capsicum. Add Zucchinni and eggplant in Mt cup of the water. Add the 3 onions and stir-fry till cooked. Add mush­ remaining water, and add to the honey 2 tabsp. miso (soy paste) rooms and fry for a further 2-3 mins. BAKED RICE PUDDING mixture. Pour into the flour and mix salt, pepper, basii Add tomatoes, and season to taste. well. Sprinkle with a little extra ftour, 2 pints water Serve immediately tomatoes are cooked J4 cup brownrice cover with a cloth, and leave in a oil for frying (but not disintegrated) on a bed of % cup raw sugar warm place (warm the oven, turn the chopped parsley brown rice. VA pints milk heat off before leaving dough there). Shred cabbage, grate carrot, dice onion 1 oz. margarine or butter AUow to double in bulk (approx. Ihr.) and fry in oil for 5-10 rnins. Add ^ cup raisins Turn onto a floured surface and knead water, and simmer for IS rniiis. LENTIL PATTIES (serves 4^6) nutmeg well until elastic. Place in a greased Dissolve miso in some water, and extra butter break tin. Cover, and leave in a warm add to the soup. Season to taste. 1 lb. lentils Place all ingredients in lightly greased place to rise again. Bake at 375° for Serve without boiling again. Sprinkle celery dish, stir, dot with extra butter, and approx. 45 mins. with parsley. 1 capsicum spriiikle with nutmeg. Bake at 300° macrame YQur own hammoch MATERIALS ^9 •••••••(•••••••qMMiMiMmaiaaianaHnBiaBaiiiaBaa'iaBWaaa'iB'i'wii'*'^ You can macrame a hammock from the simplest of ingredients: two poles for the ends, cord for the middle and two eyebolts or some extra rope with which the hang the finished work of art, I wanted my hammock to look earthy so, for the poles, I cut two tree branches that were each five feet long, Vh lo 3 inches in diameter, moderately straight, smooth and strong enough to hold all the weight I fluted I'd ever want to load onto the finished bed. It doesn't matter whether you scrounge, make or buy wooden or metal poles for your hammock , . , just make sure tiiat the ones you use are heavy enough and about two feet longer than you expect the widtii of the finished fish net bed to be. Your rope or cord should be thin, strong and slip-proof (so tiiat when you tic a knot, it stays lied). Hemp, jute and cottin twines or light ropes are all very good but, whUe nylon is both tiiin and strong, it doesn't hold a fhm knot without a lot of coaxing, I chose hemp cord (the si2e I used shows tiiree separate groups of fibers when you unroU a section) because it's thin enough to tie easUy, the knots hold well and it's relatively mexpensive. For my hammock, \ used six rolls or 1200 meters (about 1310 yards) of tiie twine. By tiie way, don't worry about trying to measure out your cord to ttie exact yard because you're going to have a lot of excess footage on tiie ends of the macramed hammock when you're done. Some of that excess, of course, can be braided into sturdy (it's better to make them loo heavy rather tiian too light!) end ropes for hanguig the finished bed... or you can buy substantial eyebolts and solidly mount a set in each location that you expect to suspend your hammock.

THE BEGINNING Macrame is Uie craft of tying a string or strings together again and apin to produce a large or small, strong and often decorative, fi^ net-type structure. The process is quite sunple and easy and-for a haramock-you'U need to use only the most basic knots. Start your hammock by hanguig one of the two poles or branches fiat against a wall, a littie above eye level and parallel to tiic floor, if you firmly secure two eyebolts in the waU and suspend tiie pole by two ropes tied to its ends and fastened to the bolts, your beginning hammock will resmelbe a trapeze at this point (see Fig. 1). If tite finished sling bed will be hung permanentiy where you make it, tight now is an exceUent tunc to test the strength of pole, ropes and bolts. Try anytiiing you can think of to make sure that the pole won't break and the anchors won't puU out of tiie waU. An exhaustive test now is much better than a rude awakening later, hi tiie middle of the night. Now cut the cord for the body of the hammock mto 40 length of 32 yards each. Fasten every sUhig-at its midpoint-to tiie 'pole by doubling the strand and bringing the loop it makes underneath tiie branch and back to tiic front where tiie long ends of die cord can be pushed down tiirough tite loop (see Fig. 2). Tighten and snug tiie first doubled strhig ... and tiien stop! MACRAME COrtt.

Al tills point (with only one cord looped around the stick) you may already have an inkling of how incredibly easy it would be to hopelessly tangle 80 separate tails (each 32 yards long!). . . so we're going to take care of that problem before it has a chance to develop. What we're going to do is coil each long, ungainly taU into a neat and compact bobbin. Start by curiing the first string around tiie tiiumb and little finger of one hand in a "Figure-8" pattern (as sliown in Fig. 3) untU you only have a yard or so of twine left. Then tie up tiie bobbin-so it won't faU apart-with the yard-long free end. Repeat the bobbin-making process with the second string from tiie first loop. . . Uien attach all the other cords to the branch one-by-one and shorten them into double bobbuis as you go along. You should finish this first step in making your hammock witii 40 double loops (80 separate strmgs and bobbins) evenly spaces across the middle three feet of your five-foot long pole (see Fig. 4). The foot or so of "empty" space on eitiier end of tiie branch is your guarantee that none of the cords wUI slip off the staff. You're ready to start knotting.

THE SQUARE KNOT The easiest and surest knot for your hammock is the same good old dependable square knot that you've been making all your Ufe. . . except tiiat every one you tie on tills project is going lo have two "extra" cords mnning through its middle (see Fig. 5). Don't panic. It's actuaUy very sunple. Let's start with tiie first four strings (the first two double loops) on the left end of the pole. Separate the two outer cords from the two inner ones (to make it even easier, let'c call tiie far left string of the quartet "black", the far right one "gray" and the two middle ones" white", , , as sliown in Fig. 5). Take the gray cord on the right and place it over the middle two white strings. Then run tiie black twine over the part of tiie gray cord that's to tiic left of the two middle strings, under the middle white strings and out over tiie gray cord on the right side. Now, keeping the two center strings straight, puU the gray and black cords up mto a firm knot. You're half done. Finish tiie square knot by doing tiie opposite of your first step. Take the black twine (tiiat's now to Uie righl of center) and run it under the two middle white stiings, heading back home. Then Uiread the gray cord (stUl on the left) under the black twine, over tiic two white strings and under the black twine (going toward the wall) on the right, PuU botii the gray and black cords up firmly as you hold tiie two white strings straight , , , and you've completed your first square knot. Now tie the same knot in each group of four cords aU the way across the branch. The second row of knots is tied exactly the same way, except tiiat they're staggered to fall between the knots on the first tow (sec Fig, 6), Nothing to it: just skip tiie '^m^^:^';^f:M'- hiitial two strings when you begin Row No, 2, and make your first knot with the next four cords after tiiat. In each knot of up from tiie bottom of Uie hammock and loose. weight than you ever expect Uic bed to tiie second row, the left-hand string wiU tie the cross-cord to the lop branch at This final anchoring is accomplished hold. This hammock is loomy for one be tiic old middle-right cord, tiie two several points so that Uie last row of knots with the aid of our old friend, the square person and will hold two or more if you middle cords will be old gray and black is hanging down flat at a handy working knot. Grasp tiie first four cords on the all wrap around each other, just make sure stiings and the right-hand cord will be level (see Fig. 8), left (sound familiar?) and tie two or your new piece of aerial furniture is a middle-left string from the row above. Now hang the bottom pole up paraUel three square knots in the next four cords fastened securely enough to hold you, Forget Uic two "untied" cords on each to the last row of knots so Uiat you can (see Fig, 11) and continue on, knotting your friends and any added stress and end of Row 2. . • let Ihem hang and work macrame it to tiie hammock. Tie this four cords al a lime, unlU you reach strain it may be caUcd on to handle, Uiem into the thud row of knots. pole to the top crosspiecc with extra the end of the row of strings. For a final touch, string beads on it By tho by. . . if your {iranch or pole cord so tiiat the second staff is parallel Cut tiie cords off as long as you like, (wax or glue the cord tips, pinch the ends is slightly bent, every tow of knots should to the fioor, balanced and close enough to I clipped mine to a length of about two smaU enough to thread through the have tiie same slight irregularity untU you the last row of knots so that those knots feet, divided tiie strings into five groups decorations and let the twine dry). An stretch Ihe hammock straight at the bottom. will almost reacli the second pole when you and lied each section with a big overhand air mattress over Uie knots adds comfort hig on tiie cords (see Fig. 9). knot. Approximately a foot of extra twine and-for sheer playful hixury when you Tite rest of the hammock should be a hangs nicely out of each bundle. stretch out-you can suspend hanging You'U be using a new knot, caUcd whiz. Just remember lo keep tiie knots candles, potted plants, incense holders, Uie double half hitch, to fasten the fvrni and the rows straight with each other HANGING THE HAMMOCK mobUes, toys or bowls of fruit over your macramed body of tiie hammock to its and far enough apart so the bed wiU have aerial bed. second pole (see Fig. lo). Begin this You can suspend your sling bed from a littie "give". And don't forget lo hang Uiat hammock operation by laying the staff across all the eyebolts mentioned earlier, work out When you have to begin stooping to in the best spot you can find, the cords as explained above, Tlien bring somethuig with topes and trees or hang work, run an extra piece of cord through the first cord on the right up from under­ the big fish net couch from cciUng beams. the hammock and tie its ends and middle EMILY ROWND neath, around the pole and back down on Whatever, allow in advance for more to tiie branch' (see Fig. 7) to bring your the right side of the main body of tiie working area back to a comfortable level. cord. Next, draw Ihc twine up from Make the sling bed anywhere from 5 undcrneatii and over the pole a second to 7 feet long (depending on how long time, , , but on tiiis pass carry it to tiie you are). The hammock wiU stretch, so left of tiic main cord and thread it down OMEGA cont. don't go overboard on lengtii. . . or you'U through the loop you've just formed (as find yourself kissing your toes while your since en anemy of the US must see a over each other's territory. It is on tiiis shown m Fig, 10). Draw Uic main part rear bumps tiie ground! couatry which accepts such an instaUation argument that Communist China's objection of the cord tight and Uien snug down Ihc If' you find the last row of knots as an accessory of the US, and con­ to the implementation of the system is finished half hitch. uneven as you finish off the bed, work the sequently as committed to that country's based. She interprets it as an act of Tie an identical half hitch in the next end of the hammock off square, knot by foreign policy. aggression. In such a case Uiose nations conl and continue Working your way left knot. Again, the Omega network places its sponsoring the system might be unwilUng until you've knotted every twine lo Uic position lines across the territories of other parties, but they would nevertiieless be second staff and all the ends of string are ATTACHING THE SECOND POLE WITH sovereign powers willy-niUy, wiUi scant culpable. This gives rise to an interesting hanging evenly from the pole. A DOUBLE HALF HITCH regard for political boundaries. The owners situation hi international law, since Uie At tills point it's a good idea to stretch may thus weU find tiiemselves parlies to natural navigation aids-tiic Sun, Moon, stars When your hammock is as long as you Uic hammock out firmly to check it for the dcUveiate misuse of the system by and the Earth's magnetic field-may be held want it, you'll finish Uie bed by tying all "square" and evenly distributed tautness. enemies of such states. For instance, India to be "acts of God" whiUi tiie comparably 80 cords around tiie second branch (after When you're satisfied Uiat Uic finished or Pakistan, neither of which could afford accurate, and much more definite, Omega testing it for strength the way you tested piece is as good as you can make it, you to histall such a system itself, might use grid is very much the act of tiic system's tiie first pole). should anchor the cords of the bed to tiie tiie lane pattern generated by tiie stations sponsors. So, no doubt, we may expect To make this job easiest, tun a cord second pole once and for all so that thcie's In Norway, La Reunion, and Uie Tasman to see a United Nations ruling on the Ltiirough_ tile second or tiiird row of knots absolutely no chance that they can work Sea area to guide bombers or missiles matter at some future date. P<> 2? 2S >a1 ul 9. A U Id

|xn_r] ^

^

S%l?si

JMC m

:&i

It; I

X