Winnipeg — Toronto: contrasting views Gregory Hamara Conservative poll shows Ukrainians split

According toaselectgroup nipeg, the ethno-cultural poll remaining under Soviet rule intermarriage and "a growing of Ukrainians in Toronto, the also solicited views from Por- after the Second World War, number (of individuals) who are federal government should re- tuguese, Italian, German, Black they felt they had been com- diluting the culture" as forces introduce a comprehensive and Chinese groups in cities pelled in their decision to up- which are eroding the "hard- screening process to help com- where these minorities com- root themselves and re-settle core" Ukrainian community. bat a perceived increase in the prise a significant portion otthe halfway around the globe. Poll researchers also noted the number of "lazy people" who population. Conducted by Describing themselves as the high level of community iden-. are currently immigrating to Decima Research of Toronto "intellectual class" of Ukraine, tification among Ukrainians in Canada. Meanwhile, in Win- (the Conservative party's in- they accepted menial work in Toronto — a fact which "all nipeg, Ukrainians would be very house public opinion machine), Canada only until they were respondents are very proud of". content to see the French the survey drew its information able to establish a more perma- Many of the Winnipeg language and culture restricted from intensive group dis- nent and prosperous existence. group, however, saw language to Quebec in order to prevent cussions involving fifteen to A pattern emerges from retention as a "transparent" - "French being shoved down twenty individuals per session. each group's dissimilar reasons concern. One individual il- people's throats". Of particular interest was for immigrating to Canada. Few lustrated this view in the com- These views, alpng with a the often stark contrast in views of the views of the Toronto and ment that, "learning Ukrainian mixed bag of other attitudes was 'nice', but unless reinforced and opinions on federal govern- at home, it was useless; and ment policies and Canadian- besides, it wouldn't help you get political issues, were recorded a better job." In contrast to in a recently released ethno- language retention, the Win- cultural poll commissioned by nipeg stressed the importance the former Minister responsible of retaining Ukrainian heritage, for Multicultural ism. Steve which in their view was a matter Paproski. Although the survey of "personal self-definition." was undertaken during the According to the poll, short-lived Conservative ad- Ukrainians in Winnipeg suffer ministration of 1979, results of from a "persecution complex" the $105,000 study were which in turn "appears to be withheld until the Liberal giving some strength to an restoration, and that party's ethnic identity." Contrary to the subsequent decision to make Toronto group, this identity is public, in late 1980, a long list of not reflected in a rigidly struc- previously unreleased tured organizational communi- government-financed polls. ty, for they did not actively Having been relegated to support or engage in ethnic an opposition role for seven- activities peculiar to their teen long years and thus lack- group." ing the opportunity to develop a Conflicting views on Poll researchers attempted functional multicultural policy, language retention also led to to attribute the apparent anti- the Clark government was anx- differing views on what sort of French feeling of Ukrainians in ious to tune into the mood of educational system was best Winnipeg to the larger issue of Canada's major ethnic groups. suited to provide for language east-west tensions in Canada. This objective is most evident in and cultural instruction. Clear- However, of the four ethnic the study's preamble, which ly, there is a strong backlash groups interviewed in western states that the results would held by the Ukrainians polled in Winnipeg Ukrainians polled on against the French presence in Canada, only Ukrainians came provide "qualitative research Toronto and Winnipeg. Predic- various issues can be recon- the school system among the across as being vehemently for thematic advertising in tably, each attributed their ciled with each other. Whereas Ukrainians in Winnipeg. The anti-French. In fact, a group of ethno-cultural publications." settlement in Canada (ancestral the Winnipeg group perceived common complaint expressed Italians in Vancouver felt a The poll itself dealt with a or otherwise) to widely varying themselves as being Canadian by this group was, "If the French certain affinity toward French- wide spectrum of issues, rang- circumstances. The Winnipeg or Canadian-Ukrainian, the are entitled to it, so are we" — to Canadians because, as one ing from federalism, immigra- respondents (of whom all but Torontonians saw themselves the extent that some were in remarked, "They, too, are tion and multicutturalism, to one were born in Canada) saw as being strictly Ukrainian. favor of designated school ethnic." more specific questions such as their familial immigration in Language retention was buses to transport children to The Ukrainian group in each groups' perception of terms of improving upon the paramount in the minds of the Ukrainian schools. Toronto lamented the fact that themselves in Canadian society desperate economic situation latter group, and a genuine fear Nevertheless, there was some the provincial government and their attitudes to communi- they were experiencing in was expressed that "bythethird criticism voiced against the refused to accredit courses ty leaders and national political Ukraine. Their immigration was generation their grandchildren existing level of Ukrainian in- taught by private Ukrainian figures. purely voluntary. However, the would not have an equal com- struction in the public system, (Poll In addition to interviewing Toronto respondents had quite mand of the language". The which one individual felt "only Ukrainians in Toronto and Win- a different history. Fearful of Toronto group also singled out taught my child to make eggs." continued page 15)

Analysis: The Trudeau Proposals David Lupul The Constitution: the crisis deepens

Our Fathers of Confederation, who art in Heaven, The debate over the Liberal ing the past three months. In the enforcement authorities. Hallowed be thy names, Thy Kingdom come, government's proposals to opinion of many observers, the The provisions jDf the Thy will be done in Quebec, as it is in Canada, patriate the Canadian constitu- constitutional clauses were proposed constitution were Give us some unity for our daily bread, tion from Britain has entered substantially strengthened by considerably liberalized after a And help us forgive Pierre's trespasses, as we forgive those who into a new and critical phase the changes made as a result of series of embarassing assaults trespass against the Heritage Trust Fund. which will decide the fate of the these public representations from civil liberties groups on the Lead us not into Constitutional stagnation, but deliver us from resolution presently before made by diverse interest inadequacy of the provisions of Westminster, parliament. groups. the original proposal, which has For ours is the Dominion, full of power and glory, The resolution contains a Nevertheless, fundamental been formulated in consultation Forever and ever proposal to bring in a Charterof attacks are still being mounted with the provincial departments Amen! Rights and an amending for- against the constitutional in charge of the administration mula into a new constitution for resolution on a number of of justice. Now the clauses have Canada. But first the resolution fronts: by the provincial come under strong attack from must win the approval of the governments, by supporters of these same provincial law- Canadian Parliament and. sub- the British connection in Cana- enforcement authorities, led by sequently, that of the British dian life and by various cultural representatives from the police Parliament in London, where and ideological groupings who forces in Canada, for being too the power to amend the present fundamentally disagree with liberal in allocating rights to Canadian constitution current- the goals of the proposed citizens they strongly feel that ly resides. resolutions, and the means by the bill will contribute to a

Despite the amendments which it is being passed into the serious undermining of the brought forward by Jean Chre- fundamental law of Canada. determent effect of the law, and tien on behalf of the govern- However, it is the a corresponding increase in ment in January and the tabling philosophy of the proposed crime. of the report of The Special constitution that may pose the However, m the face of the Parliamentary Committee on serious problems to the effec- blatant abuses of the law which the Constitution in the House of tive implementation of the were condoned by police forces Commons in mid-February, Liberal package. From the during the 1970's, and which strong opposition still remains standpoint of philosophical have since been documented from the Conservative Party consistency, the government's by the Macdonald inquiry into and the provincial premiers to bill still remains full of glaring police wrong-doing, it would the constitutional package. contradictions. The bill aims to appear that the system faces a Many of the changes accepted enlarge the legal rights of substantial danger to its by the Liberal government in individuals, providing them for credibility by the absence of Chretien's announcement were the first time with a solid basis control over law-breaking by a direct result of public pressu re for protection against arbitrary the police. One suspects that a from the barrage of presen- rights by other abuse of their (Constitution tations made to the Special individuals, the government, Parliamentary Committee dur- the courts or the law- continued page 14)

Inside: Kuchmij interview, student chronicle, All That Jazz. It's a sad thing to admit, but there is discrimination within All signed letters of reasonable length which comply with Canadian libel and our own community — Ukrainian-Canadian against slander laws will be printed unedited (save for purposes of clarity) in this column. We Ukrainian-Canadian. To a large extent the problem stems will not print anonymous letters, but if for personal reasons contributors wish to from the great gaps between immigrations, this in turn being withhold their names or use a pseudonym, this can be arranged. In all cases, however, somewhat alienated by the regional differences in Canada we require both a genuine signature and a return address. itself. In particular, the descendants of the first and second immigrations are constantly being put down and made to feel like second-class Ukrainians by elements of the post-Second World War immigration. Long long way SDS (Students for a One example of the attitudes fostering this discrimina- Democratic Society) was not Secrets of success tion is illustrated by a letter to the editor published in the July SUPA's "parent organization". 1978 issue of Student. In it the author complains: from home There was a great deal of While some people alienate others simply exchange and fraternal com- because they know no better, there usually exists at munication between the two least one person who thinks he is God's gift to the While it was a pleasure to groups but SUPA was a com- Since Student was once Ukrainians in Canada and without whom the see my book, Long Way From pletely autonomous, Canadian- kind enough to advise me on the community would be on its last legs. This type Home, reviewed sympathetical- based student organization. "Ins and outs" of deficit finan-

usually speaks eloquent Ukrainian (in his opinion) ly in the pages of Student, I Finally, Ms. Jocic's account cing, and since I heard Student .... because you speak only pidgin Ukrainian... you cannot let Ms. Jocic's rather of my account of the student is in big fucking trouble finan-

are an 'inferior' Ukrainian type who just can't ever creative review pass without power movement is rather cially, I thought I'd return the measure up to his standards (namely himself). some corrective comments. muddled. Nowhere in the book favour by offering the solution These types exist in our community, for better or worse. Her claim that I characteriz- do I contend that the "youth we finally arrived at here in They complain about the lack of Ukrainian spoken at ed the experiences of the generation's greatest achieve- Detroit. Here's how we ended meetings and tend to be very ethnocentric. They tend to counterculture of the Sixties as ment" was the "freeing of the our financial worries: we told alienate those of us from rural regions of this country who "immoral" is completely fan- university from directcorporate the government that we lost a have had no reason for becoming ethnocentric. ciful; nor did I suggest that this influence". Would that this were billion dollars last year and are The divisions within the Ukrainian-Canadian community movement "undermined the so! The "growth period" in going to lose another 750 constantly interfere with a rational development based on progressive forces and en- education, which Jocic has me million this year, and that we're common objectives. What is needed is a clarification of what couraged disunity" etc. In fact, attributing to the achievements going to go under and if we go

it is to be a Ukrainian-Canadian, and what are to be our goals. while I am critical of the anti- of the student power move- under hundreds of thousands of This new year should be spent working towards a intellectualism and solipsism of ment, was in fact the "achieve- people are going to lose their definition of Ukrainian-Canadian identity. We should collec- the counterculture, 1 am equally ment" of capitalism and its post- jobs and that if that happens the tively explore our past, and define our goals. What does it critical of the "politicos" who war requirements. economy is going to be in way mean to be a first generation descendant? What effect have cut themselves off from hippie Other than that, keep up bigger trouble than it is now. We the various immigrations had on Canada? How have culture as a brain might cut your excellent work. found that this really scared 'em Ukrainians of each immigration adapted to their environ- itself off from the heart. In Solidarity, cause you know what? They ment? What is meant by "Ukrainian culture" for Ukrainian- Ms. Jocic mentions the Myrna Kostash gave us 450 million last year and Canadians of the different immigrations? "bureaucratization" of SUPA are going to give us at least 600 By answering these questions, we may achieve a greater and its "financial backing from million more this year. Who understanding ofourselves and our community. This may be the government". Heavens, knows what lies ahead for us? If a way of overcoming some of the divisions in our community didn't she read that chapter? If you're smart you'll do what we and thereby help us to consciously develop a program for the anything, SUPA was absurdly Lollipop journalism? did. future. In this way, when we assume the role of leadership in under-organized and one of the Your Pal the community, perhaps we can begin to evolve the kind of reasons it collapsed premature- Lee cohesiveness that our community hasn't experienced since ly was that it carried' out its President of a our pastoral past. bureaucratic functions in an Herewith my subscription Big Auto Maker This year Student will attempt to raise these questions extremely causual and informal renewal plus a little extra. I'm and at the same time attempt to provide a sense of community manner. Furthermore, SUPA quite impressed by your good P.S. It's OK to ask for donations for its readers. However, we need your help and cooperation was never financed by the work — I get the kind of news from your employees too! in this endeavor. Since we are a forum for discussion, we government. CYC (Company of and commentary from your P. P.S. Get a good accountant to need your input. Through these efforts, it is hoped we will be Young Canadians) was, and youthful publication that's un- bury your profits, and it looks able to avert situations where one Ukrainian-Canadian is SUPA lost much of its available elsewhere in the like you can get help indefinite- 'better' another. judged than A united community can membership to the CYC Ukrainian media. It's a cheerful ly- a powerful force in become making significant changes programs which paid better light in an otherwise depressing happen — both in Ukraine, and in Canadian society. than the SUPA ones. And , realm. Don't you dare "grow Help us make it happen by participating in the discussion SUPA, by the way, stands for up"! on the pages of Student. Send us your letters, articles, your Student Union for Peace Ac- Vsyoho Naikraschoho dreams and your poems. Because ultimately, our future tion. Greg Michalenko depends on your interest, your involvement and committ- ment. C.M.

Student keeps things cooking W-ETUDIANT STUDENT SUBSCRIBE! Ptesse Midi» all correspondence to: — it you ate a paid member olany Ukrainian Students' Club Student (SUSK) in Canada, then you will be receiving Student «206. 11751 - 95 Street regularly. Edmonton, Albert* — il you are nol a member, then you stand to miss several Canada T5G 1M1 issues of Student this year. Phone (403) 474-1002 STUDENT a national monthly newspaper for Ukrainian-Canadian DONT BE DISAPPOINTED! ACT NOW! SUBSCRIBE! students, published by SUSK, the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Subscriptions are $6.00 per year Union. Or take two years for only $10.00 Studem is an open forum for (act and opinion, reflecting the Interests NOTE: Institutional rates now $12.00 per year. of Ukrainian-Canadian students on various topics — social, cultural, political and religious.

The opinions and thoughts expressed In Individual signed articles are the responsibility of their authors, and nol necessarily those ol the Student start. Student's role is to serve as a medium through •end $6.00 (Can.) to: which discussion can be conducted on given issues Iromany point of view. Student Letters to the editor are welcome. We reserve the right to adit ADDRESS materials tor publication. #206,11751 -95 Street Edmonton, Alberta Jars Balan, Myroslaw Bodnaruk, Dana Boyko, Chris Burdenluk, CITY Mark Ferbey, Demjan Hohol, Zorjan Hromjak, Nena Jocic, Vera Canada T5G 1M1 Loszuk, Dave Lupul, Andrl| Makuch, Nestor Makuch, Sonla Maryn, John Melnychuk, Natalka Melnychuk, Calvin Melnyk, Roman Oleksij. Pointdexter, Boris Radio, Andy Samoll, George Samoll, Peter Sochan, Bohdan Suchowarsky, Paul Teterenko, Pavlo Vlrsky, POSTAL CODE . Bohdan Zajcew and Professor Fasola.

STUDENT, January - February 1981, page 2 —

of defence Decade work Taras Lehkyj Reflecting on a struggle

On 31 January 1971, a thousand young Ukrainian formed the Committee in Defense of Soviet Political characterize the human rights struggle in Ukraine as Canadians demonstrated at the Soviet Embassy in Prisoners (CDSPP) in the fall; the minority, after a essentially nationalist and anti-communist (i.e., in line Ottawa for the release of Valentyn Moroz and period of inactivity and demoralization, formed the with Banderite ideology). Consequently, upon dissi- Sviatoslav Karavansky from Soviet labour camp Committee for the Release of Valentyn Moroz in 1974 A dent Leonid Plyushch's release from Dnipropetrovsk imprisonment. Moroz had just been sentenced to his whole network of Moroz committees then sprang up Psychiatric Hospital in January 1976. he was made the second term for writing a series of articles critical of the CDSPP network emerging in 1976 in the wake of target of a well -organised but ultimately unsuccessful official Russification policies; Karavansky, a nationalist Leonid Plyushch's first North American tour. campaign by the Banderivtsi — who wanted him to of the older generation, was serving his twenty-fifth Whereas the Moroz committees focused almost suppress his Marxist views because they contradicted long year of incarceration at the time. exclusively upon winning the release of that individual this ultra-nationalist group's simple-minded caricature This action, which attracted public attention for its the CDSPP's tried to publicize the cases of many of oppositional politics. A similar campaign was militancy and for the police violence against victims of repression, in Ukraine and in other countries. launched against Petro Hryhorenko and the Foreign demonstrators who tried to storm the Embassy, was The latter groups conducted their work within the Representation of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group — followed quickly by a well-organized petition cam- framework of a broad defence of national, democratic unfortunately at the same time that the Soviet secret paign, five rallies across the country in May (the one in trade union and religious rights, in the West as well as in police were rounding up Helsinki group members in Toronto drew more than five thousand people), and a Soviet bloc countries. The former, however, maintained Ukraine! This destructive polemic diverted attention hunger strike in October by 16 students at the a strictly nationalist orientation inside the community away from the repressions and spread cynicism and University of Similar Manitoba. actions were mounted and a humanitarian one towards the public at large mistrust throughout Ukrainian communities around in the United States and later in Europe. Over the years both tendencies in Canadian the world. The January 1971 demonstration is remembered defence work made important achievements, and it The release of Valentyn Moroz in 1979 was a it signalled of because the beginning a public campaign seems only appropriate to acknowledge them on this golden opportunity to transform the network of in defense of Ukrainian and other Soviet and East anniversary. But a casual review of this work over the committees which had fought for his release into political prisoners European that has been sustained to last two years — a period of growing repression in committees defending all Ukrainian political prisoners. the present day. The tenth anniversary of this important Ukraine — suggests that an investigation of the Indeed, this was the intended plan. But Moroz's provides opportunity its work a good to review movement's problems, rather than a celebration of its ambitions to subordinate this entire network to his development and some of its current problems. personal authority created confusion and disappoint- Throughout the 1970's, the Canadian public came ment. The transformation plan faltered and whole to learn about the opposition movement in Ukraine committees disintegrated, their young members drif- largely through defense work carried out on behalf of ting away to their private lives. victims of Soviet state repression. The Moroz actions Because they defend non-Ukrainians and raise continued throughout the entire decade until his such issues as workers' rights, democracy and release from confinement, and protests followed the feminism — in addition to devoting a great amount of wave of arrests of leading civil rights activists in the energy to the national question in Ukraine — the 1972 KGB crackdown; similarly, the unrelenting CDSPP's have been the object of repeated persecution of the Ukrainian Helsinki Group since provocations by the Banderite press, in particular by 1 976, and the detention of such working class activists Homin Ukrainy? These attacks upon the CDSPP's as as Volodymyr Klebanov (of the Free Trade Union 'leftist' and allegedly un-Ukrainian serve to camouflage Association) in psychiatric prison hospitals, provided the failure of the Banderivtsi to maintain their own defense committee workers not only with the task of network of committees, as well as to hide their defending the persecuted, but also with the opportunity increasing marginalization in the student movement, to present another facet of the situation in the Soviet an important source of activists. Union. As developments involving the dissident move- The effect of these developments has been to ment presented occasions for appropriate interven- undermine defense work by spreading mistrust of the tions, defense committees spoke out about a variety of opposition within the communities abroad, and casting issues, including the national question, suppression of suspicion upon those committees who are defending it. democratic rights, economic and political injustices If such destructive prejudices can be overcome, against industriat and farm workers, and about emigra- the enormous potential of the community can be tion from as well as within (as in the case of right to utilised to carry the problem of political repression in return home for exiled Crimean Tatars) the USSR. Ukraine to the international public. New forms of But repressions against the oppositionists have not defense work must be encouraged; they can include ceased, despite these efforts. Indeed, as the Brezhnev committees of lawyers utilizing available legal channels era draws to a close, the methods of the police and to pressure Soviet authorities (there is such a com- prisons are becoming even more brutal: there were achievements, would be a better way to mark the mittee in the Toronto Professional and Businessmen's beatings of activists on dark city streets, a profusion of occasion. For despite the continuing and increased Association); committeesof trade unionists publicizing persecution of Ukrainian suspicious car 'accidents' (Iryna Kaplun, human rights Helsinki Group members, the cause of the independent trade union movement in trade activist and wife of V. Borisov of the Free Trade Union union activists, Crimean Tatars and the faithful of Ukraine amongst Canadian workers; and student underground Association, died in an alleged "mishap" last June 23), churches, the committees have been committees defending Ukrainian student activists in indefinite psychiatric detention for 'troublemakers' unable to launch effective campaigns in their defense. the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe. The direct contributions who were then treated with dangerous neuroleptic The few in the Ukrainian press on this involvement of much larger numbers of people in such problem do not seem to to grips with it drugs, and sentences involving years of internal exile, come satisfac- activities is possible, and is a precondition for any torily. 2 or expulsion abroad. Such methods, however, have not attempt to unify them in common campaigns across the eradicated the conditions of national, economic and "Young people have always been the most impor- country or continent. activists political injustice that give rise to the opposition, nor tant source of for defense work. They are ready By itself the community is not strong enough to to attempt the have they deterred its members. For every dissident put what older generations feel is not deter the repressive policies of the Soviet state. But an behind bars, several new ones have emerged to take possible, are not hampered by old prejudices, and informed and active community can act like yeast in the their place. encourage unity by their example of co-operative society at large, transmitting the fate of the movement effort. for The defense committees began their work in an But young Ukrainians to get involved, the to the general public (the mass media is clearly attempt to alter the very unequal contest between the Ukrainian Question in the Soviet Union must be inconsistent and inaccurate in this respect) and members of the oppositional movement and the Party accessible to them through information, discussion creating strong public opinion that shares its and self-education. dictatorship — the latter having at its disposal a Reports, analytical accounts and aspirations and defends its principles consistently. monopoly over communications and various devices background material must be available in English or Such public opinion is the key to forcing the release of French, for intimidation, punishment and physical annihala- for many do not know the Ukrainian language. political prisoners. Until the tion. Monitoring developments in Ukraine and appearance of the Chronicle of Repres- Many changes have taken place over the past ten neighbouring states, they have tried to win consistent sion in Ukraine in May 1980 (put out by the Foreign years that favour more effective defense work today. of Ukrainian and principled international allies for this movement so Representation the Helsinki Group), there One would think that by now we would have achieved a did not exist as to undermine the Soviet bureaucracy's ability to act in the English language a comprehensive degree of unity in action, working to directly aid with impunity. Much defense work has patiently source of relevant information. Despite this modest oppositionists in Ukraine on the one hand, and building focussed on education — an indispensibie pre- improvement, the unfortunate situation remains up international support for the Ukrainian struggle on requisite for militant action. basically unchanged: the majority of appeals, analyses the other. Sadly, this step forward hasn't been made, and other available oppositional documents not of The first network of 'Set Them Free' Committees in do and the present disarray can only be to the advantage appear in the press, in English, French or Ukrainian. better than to bury Canada (eight in all) originated in 1971 in SUSK clubs. the KGB. They would like nothing The Ukrainian the typical For the first year and a half they simply organized communities abroad remain the Ukrainian Question under a heap of emigre most important of for actions. attention. demonstrations, rallies, petitions and hunger strikes. source support defense squabbles, far away from international But their potential has been greatly underutilised. However, as people became more involved in these Weak campaigns in the past two years are partially the result FootnotM to understand the Marius . activities they felt the need better 1 The majority believed mat Ivan Ozyuba was a sincere of bitter infighting within the community mis- thai Ukrainian opposilionialsw..- movement they were defending and know more about and crilique ol So viet Nationalities policy, and many and others used Marxist terminology representations of the oppositional movement in socialists. The minority claimed that Dzyuoa its ideals. The time came for serious study of Ivan in order to avoid being repressed, but that they w Dzyuba's Internationalism or Russification?, Ukraine by influential factions. The largest nationalist faction — tbe'Banderivtsi — 2 See tor example SviatosJav Karavansxy. Druihna Besida in Svoboda. IS Vyacheslav Chornovil's The Misfortune of Intellect, and October. I960. The Edilonal in (he 29 November Issue ol New Perspectives argues solidly luming tactical diilerences into of As a result of was behind the Moroz campaign throughout the that the fault ties vrith defense committees the inspired essays Valentyn Moroz. acommon authority such as the World seventies, choosing to ignore or downplay the many questions ol principle and refusing to accept differences of interpretation of the politics of the Conoress ot Free Ukrainians to co-ordinate their work and the English language Free' other prisoners of conscience. This group was 3 See Homin Ukrainy 26.6 76, 3 7 76. 6.11.76, 29.lt 76, oppositional movement, the Toronto 'Set Them Shiiakh Paremohy 10.2-BOaorJ4.5.eo.Hom(n motivated by the desire to make Moroz the personifica- edition Ukrainian Echo. 2b. 1W Also Committee split in the summer of 1972 into a left (17 Ukrainy writers Often don't sign their names or even use pseudonyms, and the tion of the whole movement, and thereby to editors tend not to orint critical let of protest SI the paper members) and a right wing (2 members).' The majority

Page 3; STUDENT, January - February 1981 Allies or alleys in a marble game? Nestor Makuch Some thoughts on Madrid

Andrij Karkoc, 27, is a student, worker, and of the Ukrainians, at least as I perceive them. Clearly, to Helsinki. He said, "We're not going to read the Kiev Ukrainian activist from Minneapolis, Minnesota. Active me this indicates a major gain by the Ukrainians in tne phone directory into the record, that's too confron- in the Ukrainian student hromada there over the last Human Rights movement and the Ukrainian defence tational, it's counter-productive. What we are doing seven years, he is currently a member of Smoloskyp (an efforts in the West. publicly is issuing strong statement, using individuals organization for the defence of human rights in Where we go from here, of course, is a different who we think are examples of various groups and Ukraine, based in Baltimore, Maryland) and of the question. This success is predicated on the fact that various causes." A lot of that, he informed me, goes on Helsinki Guarantees for Ukraine Committee (a similar certain individuals and certain organizations have in private or back-channel negotiations, or even in organization based in Washington, D.C.). He recently lobbied extensively for the inclusion of these issues. informal discussions preceding and following the attended the Helsinki Review Conference in Madrid as They've been included. Now, as to the realization of working group sessions. The first conditions for part of a four-man delegation from these organizations. practical results — will Rudenko be released from preparing for the release of these individuals is that the Student an opportunity to talk with Karkoc in early it's difficult had prison, and soon — to say. But still, overall, I Soviets are aware that these individuals have not only December 1980, upon his return. would suggest that the position and the policy become a thorn in their side, but a diskusiiny. punkt — articulated in this case by the American delegation — for bi-lateral or multi-lateral negotiations with the West. Student: What was your purpose at the Helsinki and with at least tacit support for it from the rest of the Student: How can the Ukrainians in the West play Western Bloc — is a quantum leap from what happened Review Conference? alleviating the in Belgrade. a roie in plight of Ukrainian Karkoc: We had two main goals — to co-ordinate our dissidents in Ukraine? activities through the World Congress of Free Karkoc: The Ukrainians now no longer need sen- Ukrainians (WCFU) and to publicize and disseminate sational advertising or propaganda — we are no longer information about the situation in Ukraine. In an unknown entity. More and more, particularly since respect to the latter, the Ukrainian Guarantees Com- the exacerbation of the Polish problem Ukraine is mittee had been in contact with the Fawcell Commis- slowly emerging as a dynamic component of the sion, an American body which has reviewed the East- West dialogue. T think that now we'd be best served implementation of the Helsinki Final Act in the United by taking examples from other groups or individuals that States as well as in other signatory states, for the past have successfully dealt with the Soviet four years. Members of our organization have testified Union on personal issues. I am soeaking directly here of the on Capitol Hill, before the Select Committee, chaired American by Dante Fawcell, on the persecution of the Ukrainian Jewish lobby. When the government goes to the Soviet says, love Helsinki Group. We went to Madrid in order to continue Union and "We'd to seal this $50 the contacts we have with the American delegation and million or $60 million or whatever-it-is deal, but we've to organize various public forums for the Ukrainian got tremendous pressure at home and I won't get any re-election if cause in this international arena. money for my campaign we don't get We were there with a very small group of in- some of these refusniks out." They give the Soviets a list dividuals: Chrystia Isajiw from the WCFU, Orysia Helka of 600 names and state that their release will facilitate a from the National Human Rights Committee for more expeditious settlement of this or that negotiation. Ukraine, Marusia Been from the Ukrainian Information The Ukrainians, unfortunately, don't have anything like Bureau; and Andy Fedynsky, myself and Oles Cham this. We have the attention of the West to a certain from Smoloskyp. This group closely utilized the extent and I suspect that if we keep it up we shall get an presence of the Western Representation of the Ukrai- even higher profile. We now have to develop an nian Helsinki Group, that is to say, Petro Hryhorenko, organizational, bureaucratic and financial base for our Dr. Nina Strokata-Karavanska, Leonid Plyushch and demands. Dr. Volodymyr Malynkovych — who all appeared jointly The concept of Ukrainians coming to various at both of our press conferences. We wanted to directly delegations and in broken English demanding lobby various delegations. This proved quite difficult "freedom for Ukraine, now", no longer applies. It's because of the physical, material and time limitations simply not within the power of the delegations to grant that were imposed on us there. We did eventually this and they're simply not interested. Ukrainians now manage to meet about five delegations — Spanish, should be taking this up as a cause. In both Canada and English, British, Canadian and American. the United States Ukrainians are numerous enough to Also present in Madrid were Roman Kupchinsky have a political voice. We should organize this voice to and Adrian Karatnycky who are active in the New York provide ammunition for us at the next Helsinki based Committee in Defense of Soviet Political Conference. What I mean specifically is information on Prisoners (CDSPP). Karatnycky was on the coor- how many Ukrainian Canadians have been denied the dinating committee of a citizens' group, formed six right to be reunified with their families. Have they months prior to the Madrid Review, called Ad Hoc documented this refusal? Have they documented their Citizens Committee for the Madrid Helsinki Review applications? How many Ukrainians have been denied Conference, which has quite an impressive list of the right to visit Ukraine? How many Ukrainians have backers. They organized a very extensive program and been hassled while in Ukraine? How many letters are because of the presence of Roman and Adrian, the intercepted? How many packages are intercepted, Ukrainian issue was raised extensively. They organized Andrij Karkoc tampered with or shortchanged? Or for that matter, several press conferences and appearances at which why are there such tremendous tariffs for sending General Hryhorenko and the other dissidents played a packages to Ukraine? Or such poor telephone contacts Student: Some cynics would argue that con- large role. with Ukraine? All these things are in contravention of ferences such as the Madrid conference achieve Present for the beginning of the conference were a specific articles of the Helsinki Accords. It is our task group from the Anti-Bolshevik bloc of nations (ABN), nothing other than an agreement to meet again to now to prove a documented case-by-case presenta- the Ukrainian Youth Association (SUM) whoorganized discuss the same issues. Do you think there were tion and go to Belgium or Romania, or wherever the one press conference on 10 November where their some concrete, positive gains made in Madrid for next review conference will be held, and say to them leader "Stetsko spoke about the need to reject the groups living in Ukraine? that as citizens of Canada or the US we would like to Helsinki Accords. They also had a manifestation, of have the same rights as other citizens have. For Karkoc: It's extremely hard to argueagainst that type of about 40 people, run by Jaroslav and Mrs. Stetsko, at example, if you're an Italian in Canada there's absolute- negativism. For all intents and purposes this could be 'which Valentyn Moroz participated as did Strokata- ly no problem for you to send aid to your relatives in accurate — it's a of matter degree . One need only go Karavanska. southern Italy, or In crossing the Atlantic to visit them. back as far as the Nixon-Ford era and the real politlk of Student: Did these groups work together? Well, as Ukrainians we'd like these same rights — the Kissinger diplomacy. In particular, I'm referring to the Karkoc: The CDSPP wasn't there as a body, though rights that are guaranteed for us in this Helsinki so-called Sonnenfefdt Doctrine, which articulated as some of its members were there. They were officially document. American policy the desire to "aid in maintaining members of the Ad Hoc Committee. We had a good stability" in Eastern Europe and the republics of the contact with Roman and Adrian — we attended their USSR. In other words, the US would not engage in a press conferences, they attended ours. But they had a policy that would aid or instigate some kind of larger, more financially secured, more advanced and disturbance of the status quo in the Soviet empire. Now professional lobbying approach, and they were com- if you juxtapose that with the statement of Shestack mitted to carrying out their own objectives. that So about the cultural, national, religious and linguistic white didn't we cooperate in a physical or material- rights of Ukraine, I think this isan achievement in terms Regarding Pseudonyms economic sense, we did keep one another abreast of of policy objectives that really should encourage us to events, exchanged contacts, and so forth. continue along the same lines. With ABN, we attended a church service of about Skeptics can people with best be answered by the fact that 25-30 the stetski and the Ukrainian since the Belgrade Conference the world has come that community in Madrid, and we also went to a meeting much closer to a nuclear Armageddon. The expansion with them to plan their street demonstration. But over Articles appearing in Student under of the Soviet Empire, their willingness to commit and above that there wasn't any cooperation with them pseudonyms themselves to a militaristic policy of acquisition, do so for a variety of — chiefly because of the positions both groups is were really starting to cause trepidation, not reasons. espousing. They rejecting only in the Some authors request anonymi- were the Helsinki Accords United States, but especially where it is of the most and we were there to further them and work within ty because their articles are of a political- that direct consequence — in Europe. You must remember framework. ly sensitive that of the signatory states to the Helsinki Accords, 33 nature and might jeopardize Student: What were the gains made by the of them are European countries — Canada and the any future plans they Ukrainians at the Madrid Conference? US might have to travel are the only non-European participants. So that while in Karkoc: ^ Eastern Europe. Others don't want We know that at the previous review con- in the political scheme of things, the Helsinki Accords ference in • their (held Belgrade) very little was said about any remain viable to Western Europeans as a means of names revealed because they know aspect of the Ukrainian question. maintaining In Madrid, however the dialogue and backing off the double- • Student is read by various intelligence- the very first statement given by American Judge edged sword of confrontation, you also must realize Griffin i gathering agencies and don't want to Bell (a member of the American delegation and that the Soviets know that they have not abided by them former U.S. Attorney make their General) not only mentioned the but it is still in their best interest to maintain the job any easier. Still others use Ukrainian Helsinki Group specifically, but also named dialogue and continue the process. J pseudonyms because they fear a its leader, Mykola Rudenko by name. Bear in mind that I think that where we can hope for the greatest this is backlash from elements in the Ukrainian a public policy statement of the US government success will be in the working group or proposed J by its highest ranking diplomat at that conference, sessions, which beginning January 20 will entertain •community who don't appreciate candid Subsequently, gains included two statements by proposals for furthering the Helsinki process. We • or critical journalism. Ambassador Max hope The Student collec- Kempleman. and most particularly that in these discussions, which will be more directly the opening statement • five regards these and other requests for on Basket III by the Ambassador removed from the public eye than the plenary sessions to the UN Commission on Human Rights, the cases of 1 anonymity to legitimate Jerome the individuals we are interested in will on be and would like Shestack. Not only did Shestack mention Chornovil a one-to-one basis, find the greatest chance 'for » to note, in conclusion, that this practice is and Shumuk by name, but he also made a very strong progress and amelioration. I had a discussion with one statement about the denial of 2 hardly unused as there is a long tradition of national and minority the high-ranking American delegates at an NGO rights in the Soviet Union using of using the Ukrainians as an (Non-Governmental Organization) briefing we attend- pseudonyms in journalism. example — that virtually adopted in total the demands ed, and I asked if they raise would the process of f reeinq the Ukrainian group as a step toward furthering L..

STUDENT, January - February 1981, page 4 J

European Report Nestor Makuch Spotlight on SUSTE: interview with M. Dymyd

•The now infamous Student telegram sent to the 8 conferen ce ^ Camp%erkhoVna near , Rawdon Quebec, was recently challenged * by its authors in a ret Tec W ' th Ur agents ° When asked whether or not the telegram mcluded a ( reference to students "tanks currently V Vyna encirclino 1 ° 0f the authors attributed the telephonet p1«nhn connection. "No, no. no, no! What we said was "ourr S&S C ' rCUla,in9 StUdent at C.mV^« a nuaryedi i0 n 0,tneToront - oG'obeand/Wa//contained amIShZrn f ! a number of comments in articles on Ukrainians in that city thatare sure to be of great interest to all Ukrainian-Canadians The paper has been running a series of features each weekend on various th ec'ty. including the Greeks. Italians, Germans ?nd ,bbean s The Ukrainian . community was covered in a ^ t> on Toronto s Ea st European minorities, along with Hungarians.H^nnL L Poles. Yugoslavs and others. The profile on the

l u a" com n | ty was essentially presented "l ^H . from the point of viewj ^ of the Christie St. () Ukrainian Cultural Centre (with secondary comments from representatives of Plast and ODUMt which is probably why some Ukrainians will be left wondering if they belong to the same community Paraphrasing a remark by Andrij Bandera, one article prominently proclaimed "Politics are trie glue of the community" — an assertion sure to provoke howls aughter from of any scarred, bleeding and cynical veteran of 3 ,Uc Iife Band era - also went on to characterize the ™Jf ,? l ,f ! . ): . — — post-World Warll Ukrainian immigrants ( , . as the "aristocracy "of the Ukrainian . — community in Canada, which probably won't win him , . any friends 1 among . Ukrainian Canadian "peasants in Western (: Canada. ) There were other equally questionably, and some would say objectionable, remarks in the articles, but what was perhaps most interesting about the depiction was its suspiciously in- complete nature. , Virtually no mention was made of other 2, 5 m the community (such as St. Vladimirs Institute ] ! the . c St.. or the pro-Soviet PP'lf^e Ukrainian faction). '3 ™ ^1 .il j?" """: dfx - ' M " " hardly unimportant role that the ZTaZTn 1" ' ^™™"?^ * churches p lay in our T" hromada s life was reduced to brief '. a reference and a photophot of some , , h «». . carollers singing in front of a cathedral. , You could say it was a loo «» sided account . of the way things really are 1980- . • Our agents have that learned seven students from Chernivetska «»: oblast (region) in Ukraine were arrested for disseminating - somewhat «»: , - less-than-patriotic messages on the walls of the ? . - Bukovyna Hotel in Chernivtsi. Their graffitti-spraying session was , aided and abetted : ? - by a government issue of paint, supplied by the - , authorities to the public in order to spruce up buildings and . - .. - ? vehicles in preparation tor last summer's Olympic showcase. The , - "Chernivtsi Seven" had had the audacity to write the followinq () - : - ditty: . "Stoiimo za 55 . - . khlibom. - iak stoiimo za armiu, . iak stoiimo za kuliamy () 50 - , . Na streliany - - shliakhom . U Sovietskoho , Soiuzu." () 15 , . - , - «»: - which translates as: . - - - "We stand in line for bread '. - Like we stand in line for the army () 22 - ? Like we are standing for . . the bullets ? - In the line of fire () - : In the Soviet Union." 15 , - The arrests of the students came while they were studying for () . - their final exams which had been deferred from last spring so that 5 they could enjoy fresh air . . some working on the collective farms. It - 60- ., - seems the authorities were afraid that contact with the influx of (), - tourists (in the city for the Games) would distract thestudents from . . their studies, and thus put them out to pasture, so to speak, in the ' villages - . around Chevnivtsi. - • The January issue of Penthouse magazine contains a most . revealing expose that literally pulls . the pants down on Soviet , ' . . , , sexuality and is sure to leave Kremlin officials glowina red with ,— embarassment. The article, written by Mikhail and August Stern — "" the . - former is a doctor and sex therapist who recently emigrated to the U.S.A. — is titled "Sex in the USSR" and is excerpted from a , book soon to be published under the same name by Times Books. , .- . Providing a rare glimpse into sexual practices «»: and attitudes among . the Soviet citizenry, - the authors report that ignorance, insensitivity , , and puritanical inhibitions serve to screw-up lovemaking between . comrades from all walks of life. ? Although the Sterns draw many of - ' their illustrative anecdotes cities in - : , from Ukraine, fhey use the term . 500: "Russian «»: - - lovers" when speaking generally about all Soviet . indulgees nationalists — who'd like to perpetuate the myth that ""? 270. , . Ukrainians are better at absolutely everything. Actually, "Russian : - ,- lovers" would be a better way to describe contemporary Soviet — . - ? , - , swingers, who seem to be educated in the "slam-bam-thankyou, - ma'am" school of seduction. One wonders if the problem will be on ", 350 — , the " - . agenda of the next Party Congress, or if the Central Committee — . - has a position on preferred approaches to socialist encounters of ? the sexual kind. You will find the story on page 147 of ? the magazine, , which you can legitimately say you're for , buying its "interesting , - «»: 6- ' - , . , articles." - • A spate of resignations seems to be plaguing all levels of the , - - (1980), - . - - Ukrainian students movement in Canada. Zenon Chabursky of the - . , - Toronto USC executive resigned after a dispute over bilingual — - - thank-you cards the club had printed up for koliada, and Mike () of the University "" Chwok of Alberta executive has called it - . USC - "". quits because of the exec's handling , . of the Promin dance at the end — - - - of . Ukrainian week. Last but not least, of course, was SUSK - , ? president Mike Maryn's resignation from the national executive, , his - followed by return to : the post two weeks later. For Maryn the . -goings . , - , and comings were a repeat performance as he had earlier «»: - - renounced {in November) his past president's position on the local - . , Toronto club's executive because of disagreements arising out of a - volleyball * - tournament, In that incident Maryn was also convinced . to return , - shortly afterwards by members of club's executive. ? Rumour has it that the executive is thinking , ., now SUSK about : - (Dymyd installing a revolving door to the SUSK office, so that the 6- ' , President's in . continued page 14) entrances and exits will go more smoothly the future. , consideration for the Prez! - Such

Page 5, STUDENT, January - February 1981 Taras Maluzhynsky en st - Andrew's signs with U of M L~t^Laurentians Chris Burdeniuk

The second annual SUSK might do to utilize the paper It took sixteen years at the Presidents' Conference hosted more effectively. Fort Garry campus in Winnipeg, by the McGiil and Concordia Other unscheduled events, but St. Andrew's College finally Ukrainian Students' Clubs, was such as a football game on signed its first comprehensive held from January 2-4at Camp January 3, encouraged a lively affiliation agreement with the Verkhovyna, located fifty miles exchange of opinions and University of Manitoba on 28 north of Montreal in the scenic helped to entertain the par- January of this year. According Laurentian Mountains. Ap- ticipants through some unex- to their principal. Dr. P A. Kon- proximately thirty delegates pectedly cold weather. dra, the College and the U. of M. attended the conference, from Temperatures remained in the - will jointly administer a Centre Edmonton, Winnipeg. Ottawa, 40deg. C. range for the duration tor Ukrainian Canadian Toronto, Hamilton, Windsor, of the conference and put a Studies, whose courses will be and of course, Montreal. A damper on the proceedings, available to all university number of interested in- particularly when the plumbing students. St. Andrew's College dividuals from the Montreal froze and it was realized the itself will remain, as it has been, area also participated in some building wasn't heated. fully autonomous with its own of the conference activities as However, the delegates remain- charter and administration. Its single-day registrants. ed "close for comfort" and some other programs, including the The agenda consisted not of the "heated arguments" were 'faculty' of theology and others, only of the inevitable reports appreciated as more than mere will stay entirely under the from SUSK local clubs and talk. arbitrary control of the College. national executive reports, but Unfortunately, the con- Apparently, the Centre for also a series of seminars on ference was not all that produc- Ukrainian Canadian Studies issues pertinent to students in tive in terms of providing con- will offer agrand total of seven- the Ukrainian community crete proposals and teen courses that will supple- throughout Canada. A wide resolutions. For the new faces ment the Ukrainian courses range of topics were discussed, that were at the conference, it already available on campus. including leadership within stu- provided only a cursory in- Moreover, the Centre will be dent clubs, the question of troduction to the workings of able to offer three-quarters of Rights, Human the current SUSK. Of course, Mike Paster- the requirements for four or five status of the World Union of nak and the Montreal clubs are different major programs in the Ukrainian Students (CeSUS) to be commended for the effort faculty of Arts. As is the norm in and relations within the inter- which they put into organizing such cases, the success of such national Ukrainian Student the event, and the hospitality a valiant attempt will be entirely movement. provided to the delegates from dependent upon: a) the A rather introspective ex- out-of-town. promotional work undertaken amination of SUSK's function More information about the by both administrations; b) the with regard to its constituent conference may be obtained by support shown by students in clubs was also a major focus of contacting your local Ukrainian enrolment; and c) thequalityof the conference. Perhaps the Students' Club. professors and their selected most controversial and heated A follow-up to the January curricula. debates of the conference were Presidents' Conference will be Overall, the newagreement provided by several scheduled the SUSK Western Conference, replaces the old provisional discussions. These included which will be held in Sasktoon contract between the College the questioning of SUSK's lack from March 6-8. The agenda and the University which had of usage of the Ukrainian for the meeting will address been in effect since 1972. Its language in its activities and the such topics as (1) a look at the signing is the culmination of rehashing of the old. and to role of Ukrainian Students' Clubs years of deliberation over a certain degree "worn out" issue in Western Canada; (2) a revised affiliation agreement of editorial control over Stu- review of Student's role as a that would eliminate duplica- dent. In fact, much discussion forum of student opinion; tion of services between the was aroused over the current (3) an examination of the respective Colleges on campus status of the newspaper, es- responsibilities of club ex- and the U. of M. as well as pecially with respect to input ecutives to their membership; ensure the autonomy of from each Signing over to the U of M Student Clubs and their and a variety of seminars on member College. members to Student, orthe lack issues such as the role of founded back in 1946 to students (including thereof, as well as the of religion, part-time academic and political clout at a use culture and education prepare ambitious men for the. and corresponding) in its pseudonyms in the paper. It in the place where mediocrity was lives of Ukrainians in priesthood in the Ukrainian seems evident from the discussions Western Canada. theology program, while about to be the good word. The Greek Orthodox Church of are that there is a general of 50 or so registered in the proposed for lack For more information on Canada, St. Andrew's Centre Ukrainian College courses of Ukrainian studies information among student the conference, please contact Canadian Studies is definitely a moved from its old Church being offered there. clubs as to the role Student Lesia Hopefully, vital step in the right Maruschak, c/o Mohoyla Avenue location to a new direction; currently plays within both of these figures can be however, SUSK Institute, 1 240 Temperance building on the Fort he who lives by the Garry increased in the immediate and what club representatives Ave., administrative - Saskatoon, Sask. campus in 1964. Presently, the red tape, also or future, which would give the individual club members College has dies by it... pobachymo. a total of seventeen College some badly-needed

Addresses of the National SUSK Executive 1980 - 1981

President: V.P, West: Immediate Mykhajlo Maryn, Past President Congress George Samoil Dmytro Coordinator: 11 Martingrove Jacuta Dana Boyko 13011 Grandview Drive 11026 -89 Islington, Ont. M9B 4K1 Avenue 742 Royal York Rd. Edmonton, Alta. T6H 4K6 Edmonton, (416) 231-6314 Alta. T6G 0Z6 Toronto, Ont. (403) 434-8804 (403)433-7611 M8Y 2T6 (416) 231-7032 V.P. Multiculturalism: Gregory Hamara V.P. Central: Executive Coordinator: Auditing Committee: 145 Markham St. Marko Minenko Daria Markevych Chairman, Vera Hutzuliak ' Toronto. Ont. M6G 2J4 9 St. John's Avenue 9330 - 81 Avenue 232 Fairlawn Avenue Winnipeg. (416) 363-4397 Man. R2W 1G8 Edmonton, Alta. T6C 0X3 Toronto, Ont. M5M 1T1 (204) 582-5122 (403) 468-2629 (416) 483-2795 V.P. Human Rights: Lesia Beznachuk Mykhailo Bociurkiw V.P. East Niagara: Secretary: 7170 Denove 1692 Featherston Drive Petro Filipowich Laryssa Rohowsky Montreal, Ottawa, Ont. K1H 6P2 Home: 16 Oblate St. 368 Renforth Dr. P.Q. (613) 733-1555 St. Catherines, Ont L2M 5L6 Etobicoke, Ont. M9C 2L9 H1S 2E4 (416) 934-8890 (416) 622-8416 Brfan Welykholowa V.P. Cultural Affairs: School: 205. 151 Rudolph Place Bus: 252-7748 605 Inver Crescent Lesia Maruschak Windsor. Ont. Regina, Sask. 1240 Temperance St. (519) 934-8890 Treasurer: (306) 522-0306 (Mohyla Institute) Walter Cichowlas Saskatoon, Sask. V.P. East Laurentiens: 121 Trudelle St. 1002 Wasyl Bilinsky Scarborough. Ont. M1J 3K4 V.P. Communications 4668 Jeanne Mance (416)439-0207 bus: 592-4374 Publications: Montreal, Que. H2V 4J4 Sonia Maryn (514) 843-6129 Alumni Coordinator: 145 Markham St. Irka Scharabun Toronto, Ont. M6G 2J4 KYK Representative: 9412 - 139 Avenue (416) 363-4397 Marko Menenko Edmonton, Alta. T5E 5Z6 See V.P. Central (403) 478-5968 J

STUDENT, January - February 1981 , page 6 Update on Dialogue An extraordinary Koliada

An interesting initiative has agreed that further work would been launched ing of cultural immersion. The by a group of be done in the areas of political evening consisted of a Ukrainian students eager to dissent, history guided and cultural tour of a explore the territory that has synagogue, followed affairs. The co-operation and by a Sabbath been traditionally outside the co-sponsorship dinner; everyone of both groups who attended accustomed boundaries of agreed that much ac- would be sought in areas of tivity in was learned about the Jewish the Ukrainian communi- mutual interest. ty. This culture. The Ukrainian students landmark venture is What has become apparent known as the Jewish involved in the dialogue plan to and Ukrai-' since this initial meeting, nian Students set up a similar program so that Dialogue. however, is that the Ukrainian the Jewish Students In the fall of 1980, an initial have a Students' Club and its general chance meeting was called of experiencing our jointly by membership is not committee the University of traditions. Toronto Ukrai- to the dialogue in any specific nian Besides the efforts under- Studets' Club and the way. A few interested Jewish. in- taken so far, the dialogue has Students' Union. Ap- dividuals have formed a work- also attempted to establish proximately thirty students took ing group within the club, and contact part in the meeting, with the Public Com- which was hope to expand the scope of specifically mittee for Jewish-Ukrainian organized to con- their activity on various issues sider the co-operation in Jerusalem. Ex- possible establish- as they arise. Included ment in the tensive correspondence has not of an ongoing dialogue future events organized by been pursued, but at least both between Ukrainian and Jewish Jewish and Ukrainian Students' groups are aware students. The participants of one Dialogue is a joint symposium anothers' existence. engaged in a discussion on to be held in March, dealing various The future of the dialogue topics, equally signifi- with the issue of Ukrainian and rests in the hands of interested cant, and presentations were Jewish Dissent in the Soviet students. Greater participation given on subjects ranging from Union. But most Toronto USC historical and suggestions are more than background — i.e. members seem to be un- Jewish-Ukrainian — welcome. Despite the relations interested in the dialogue and somewhat disappointing level to the nature of political dissent its activities. of committment, it must in the USSR. Those in be atten- As for the joint cultural OTTAWA — Ukrainian Christmas dance also acknowledged that the ,t arrived in the nation's capital discussed the initiatives, the Jewish with a visit to students dialogue is but one of the Government House by forty members of possibility of future inter- have Ottawa's invited members of the projects that the Ukrainian community. The predominantly cultural activity. University of young delegation of Ukrainian Students Club to Toronto koliadnyky, dancers and bandurysty Essentially, Ukrainian students presented a half hour this first participate in the celebration of program for Their Excellencies, club has launched thisyear. It is Governor General Edward dialogue produced some the Sabbath of Song, and on 16 hoped that Schreyer and his wife, Lili Schreyer. realistic objectives more students will to be pur- January, a group of Ukrainian Through the initiative of sued by become involved in this, and the 'DNIPRO' Ukrainian Dance the participants. It was Students took part in Ensemble an even- other, worthwhile ventures. of Ottawa, the Schreyers received koliadnyky at their residence for the second consecutive year. It has now become a traditional at Government House to observe Ukrainian Christmas on January 7, and the New Year is celebrated on Ukrainian - Jewish the followinq Students' Dialogue weekend in conjunction with the annual Levee. This Featuring year's celebrations began on the evening of January 7 when a large group Edward Kuznetsov and Nadia Svitlychna of carollers. dressed in traditional costumes' paraded into the Tent Room of Rideau Hall accompanied by on the zv/zda (Christmas star). The koliadnyky sang a suite of "Dissent in the Soviet Union" Ukrainian Christmas carols for the Schreyers and several invited guests. "Problems in Following a trilingual greeting by Lida Bociurkiw and Ivan Ukrainian-Jewish Dialogue" Jaworsky, the Ottawa Banduryst Ensemble performed a montage of traditional carols. The finale of the performance 4 was a March 1981 presentation of Ukrainian folk dances by the 'DNIPRO' dancers 8:00 p.m. Governor General Schreyer, dressed in his familiar em- broidered shirt, eloquently thanked the Medical Science Auditorium performers in both the Ukrainian and English languages (no not simultaneously). His University of Toronto Excellency showed his appreciation by holding a reception for all performers and guests, which featured a variety of delicious delicacies and invigorating refreshments. The celebrations at Government House were extensively covered by the media in the Ottawa region. Both CTV and CBC made mention of the festivities in their evening newscasts. The Operation Governor General suggested that the custom be repeated next Mykolajko year, along with a more expanded and formal arrangement. The students who coordinated the Christmas visitation have become aware of the importance of stpging events which increase It was hatched as a began on a positive note when financially-pressed CUiAS for the profile of the Ukrainian community seemingly appropriate theme two to the Canadian public hundred and fifty cans of further food subsidies. Such events also help for a Christmas season pub. to perpetrate traditions and customs, rather food were collected at the Aside from being an ad- than neglecting Within days, them. This year's celebrations at Government a project was SUSK - U of T. USC Mykolajko mirable social exercise, House brought about a rare opportunity for several different deemed necessary. By Christ- Pub on December 18. Spirited "Operation Mykolajko" served factions within the Ukrainian hromada to work together collective- mas Eve it had blossomed into a SUSK members were ecstatic, to skyrocket SUSK's image in ly. It indeed, social was, a welcome change for a community which has crusade which tapped but all realized the real test was the community's mind. had a long history of splintering on both religious and political the Yuletide goodwill of hun- yet to come. With the coopera- Numerous members of the lines. I hope that dreds of Ottawa's student community continue their Ukrainians in the tion of most of the Catholic and public openly expressed sur- endeavors, with the cooperation of the emigre community, so that Toronto area. Orthodox churches in the prise that the students would Ukrainians may earn a reputation as one of the most vibrant ethnic The project was "Operation Toronto area, had consider undertaking 1 SUSK such a groups on Mykolajko' the Ottawa scene. , and in the targeted Sunday December 21 task. There were, of course, remarkably short span of two as the day when the entire skeptics who registered sur- weeks, it somehow managed to community could participate in prise when confronted with the draw together Toronto's the "Operation". As the day thought that there were, in fact, Ryerson forms Ukrainian divergent Ukrainian Club population progressed, harried SUSK of- needy Ukrainian families in the in a seldom witnessed common ficials dashed about the city community. Yet for the most This is the first yearof the Ryerson Ukrainian Club's existence social effort. Organized by the collecting boxloadsoffood. In a part, "Operation Mykolajko" It was initiated by the efforts of Jerry Kulyk and Ulana Samilla, in Ukrainian Canadian Students' matter of hours, the once stately was hailed as a noble and early November, 1 980. The club was set up to make people aware of Union (SUSK), the objective SUSK office had been overdue endeavor. the fact that the Ukrainian culture exists and is flourishing in straightforward: was to solicit transformed into a sprawling The sense of accomplish- Canada today. as many cans of food as possi- smorgasbord of canned meats, ment and goodwill appears to In the few months R.U.C. has been functioning, we have ble from the Toronto Ukrainian fish, vegetables and fruit. be contagious. At a recent undertaken the following events: club members nave been community, and then ensure Distribution of the food and SUSK Conference in Chertsy, Christmas carolling, there nas been a successful bake sale in Olive that the food be distributed to money began within days. Arm- Quebec, discussion arose as to Baker Lounge and communication has been set up between underprivileged Ukrainian ed with names provided by the the possibility of making R.U.C, and other Ukrainian Clubs across Canada. families. By the time the final Ukrainian Canadian Social "Operation Mykolajko" a This month RUC planned a wide variety of events. On February figures were tallied, "Operation Welfare Service and the Cana- Canada-wide campaign next 4th the club took part in Ryerson's International Day. On Saturday Mykolajko" proved to be a dian Ukrainian Immigrant Aid Christmas season. In the mean- February 14th, club members attended the annual volleyball resounding success: over Society (CUIAS), Suskites time, the Ukrainian community tournament that was held at Brock University in St. Catherines. To twelve hundred cans of food slowly began the massive job of in Toronto can reflect back on end the month in style, RUC is hosting a "Zabava Nile" at 404 and seven hundred dollars dispersing had the goods. Each Christmas 1980 with the Bathurst on February 20th. We would love to see you there. been collected for twenty family received a minimum of knowledge that for many less To continue functioning successfully RUC needs your families. fifty carts of food, and over thirty fortunate families, this holiday support. We would like to see some new members at our next Following two weeks of dollars in cash. A sum of season was a touch more meeting (you don't have to be Ukrainian). For further information advance hype, the campaign $150.00 was also donated to the festive. please call Jerry at 762-2902, Sonia at" 239-9392 or iust leave your name in Ukrainian club's mailbox located in the SURPI office.

Page 7; STUDENT, January - February 1981 Trouble At Top: SUSK

You say yes, I say no...: UKRAINIAN You say goodbye, I say hello. STUDENTS

The following series of letters document the crisis in the SUSK executive and its eventual resolution. The crisis began with MONTH a disagreement over the Ukrainian Students' Month poster created by Ivan Stanko of Toronto. The executive voted to accept the graphic on two different occasions (13 and 19 January), but delayed printing the poster in the confusion resulting from february 1981 President Mykhailo Maryn's resignation because of his disap- proval of the design.

January 15, 1961 The Executive, SUSK, and Ukrainian Students' Club Presidents

The following is my letter of resignation as President of the Ukrainian Canadian Students' Union (SUSK). On Jan. 12, 1981, the SUSK Executive was handed a graphic which was to be used for the Ukrainian Students' Month poster. It portrayed a girl dancing in a field under a very large red sun. In

the girl's hand was a sickle. I immediately pointed out that the sickle, an internationally recognized symbol for communism, would be used by certain segments of the community to defame SUSK's image. It was later pointed out by one individual that together with the large red sun the sickle could be interpreted as being part of the Soviet flag. It was and is my belief that this poster was an invitation for criticism from the outside community. As well, many clubs within SUSK would like to avoid exactly this type of controversy,

although I realized that it was not the intention of the artist. I

believe I had the foresight to see exactly what type of problems a poster of this type would encourage.

When I at first brought this to the attention of the V.P.

(Multiculturalism), he did not object to- my criticism. I also

explained to him and others how I had placed my personal integrity on thelineintryingtopresentSUSKasamiddle-of-the-

road organization. I was not, nor am I about to gamble either my reputation or the good name of SUSK in order to taunt certain

segments of the Ukrainian community. I view the sickle poster as hypocrisy. How do we on the one hand turn to these people for aid (e.g., Operation Mykolajko and fund-raising) and at the same time want to 'teach them a lesson'? Furthermore, the fact that alternatives to the sickle poster were available or could have been completed within two days, but were avoided or disregarded as a result of pressure from some executive members, suggests that perhaps more was at stake. Arguments for the poster were few; lack of time, and immediate necessity. In my opinion these are not viable reasons, since the sickle poster itself is taking longer than the alternative posters to complete. What became apparent of this seemingly insignificant difference This is the graphic that triggered the resignation of SUSK President Mykhailo of opinion was the inability of certain members of the Maryn. It was designed by York University student Ivan Stanko for the poster SUSK Executive to demonstrate compassion and understanding promoting Ukrainian Students' Month activities at campuses across the country. — two primary human aspects. In the past, when a concensus The sun, the woman's skirt, and the embroidery on her blouse were to have been could not be reached or an individual felt strongly about colored red; but the poster was never printed. President Maryn's objections are something, the majority conceded. stated in his letter dated 15 January. Wishing SUSK all the best,

Mykhajlo Maryn Toronto

Rifts Within Executive: Unanswere

The series of unfortunate events which followed the resigna- within an executive? do anything which might be perceived by other Ukraini tion of Mike Maryn as the National President of the Ukrainian These are difficult questions to resolve in the best of community organizations as being controversial or, worse Canadian Students' Union (SUSK) last month raise several circumstances, and it is not my concern to have to condemn the critical of certain aspects ot the way in which the commun questions of critical importance to the future of the Ukrainian National Executive for their failure to take decisive positions on conducts itself. Canadian Students' Union, Despite the fact that the poster has in these issues the midst of the January crisis. They are, however, Other choose to ignore the community, claiming that it since been cancelled, and Mike Maryn has now rejoined the questions with which any SUSK Executive must ultimately come to pointless to try to placate a Ukrainian community which National Executive in his capacity as President, the issues relationship which terms. SUSK's to the Ukrainian-Canadian community incapable of understanding the beliefs and aspirations of t remained at the focus ot the January crisis, and which are debated a major focal has always been point within Ukrainian student clubs; young generation of Ukrainian Canadians who have no use for t in the exchange of letters reproduced above, still remain unresolv- so has the issue of the responsibility of SUSK executive members bitter sectarian struggles of their elders. ed. to their membership. Since such fundamental issues affect the day But the policy mandated by SUSK Congresses to the SU.' In my view, the two most fundamental issues raised by the to day operations of SUSK, they should be adequately resolved as Executives in the past has been one which sought to convin dispute are: 1 ) What should be SUSK's role vis-a-vis the rest of the soon as possible. Ukrainian community organizations and their members tf Ukrainian-Canadian community; and 2) What are the obligations There have always been different perceptions among students have a variety of new and innovative ideas as to hi of SUSK Executive members to fulfill their duties to the members of SUSK as to what is the best policy in dealing with the Ukrainians should live within Canada's multicultural society, a membership ot SUSK, as well as to uphold its constitution? rest of the And on Ukrainian community. One extreme advocates a that these ideas should be implemented if Ukrainian-Canadi what basis should disputes on fundamental principles be resolved completely non-antagonistic approach — students should never organizational life is to flourish in Canada. SUSK has attempted

STUDENT, January - February 1981, page 8 >USK Has A Crisis

January 26, 1981 January 28, 1981

Mykhajlo Maryn Mykhajlo Maryn 10...: 11 Martin Grove Rd. 11 Martin Grove Road Islington, Ontario Islington, Ontario say hello. M9B 4K1 Dear Mykhajlo, Dear Mykhajlo: It is with regret that we received your letter of resignation. Unfortunately, the issue of the poster has been clouded by misunderstandings on the part of ail concerned and we sincerely hope that by means of this letter, we can again begin to work for the common good of our organization. As the Toronto core of the SUSK Executive, we felt a genuine zument the crisis in the sense of disaDDointment in some aspects of your perception on. The crisis began with of the Ukrainian Students' Month poster. A sickle, accompanied Students' Month poster by Greg Hamara a hammer and a star, constitutes the official ensignia of the Soviet Walter Cichowlas Dana Boyko executive voted to accept Soma Maryn Union. By itself, a sickle is not "an internationally Laryssa Rohowsky Donna (13 and 19 January), but recognized Shipowick symbol for communism", as you stated. In fact, many Ukrainians onfusion resulting from view the sickle as an important symbol of our folkloric heritage- n because of his disap- witness its frequent use in the popular female harvest dances performed by many dance ensembles throughout Canada. We agree that SUSK should avoid antagonizing certain segments of the Ukrainian community. However, to suggest that January 29, 1981 it was our intention to "taunt certain segments of the community", or that "more was at stake" is simply untrue. You correctly point To the SUSK Executive and USC Presidents: out that it was not the intention of the artist to produce a poster The past three weeks have been filled with misunderstan- which could possibly be construed as being pro-Soviet. Nor was dings over the issue of the proposed Ukrainian Students' Month it our intention. If certain individuals wish poster. I to view SUSK in that would like to take this opportunityto give a brief account light, there is very little we can do to dissuade them of that of the events and resolution of this matter. attitude — poster or no poster. Our greatest strength is our own When the proposed Ukrainian Students' Month poster was knowledge that we are an organization presented, I felt, that does not abide by a as I do now, that this poster would be interpreted ation as President of the singular political outlook. SUSK is a cross-ideological by some segments organiza- of the community as being pro-communist It USK). tion and by no stretch of the imagination could SUSK be labelled was one of my aims, as president, to rid SUSK of the "Marxist" or re was handed a graphic Marxist. "Leftist" label that had been attached to it during the past decade Students' Month poster, are inclined I We to disagree with your argument that felt that SUSK had made much progress toward this end, and ira very large red sun. In "alternatives... were available or could have been completed that the proposed poster would destroy the positive image SUSK ely pointed out that within the two days." To begin, every Ukrainian Students' Club had attained, not to mention negating the considerable personal ymbol for communism, across Canada was aware, as early as November, that a effort I had put into achieving this end. Other members of the community to defame "competition" was being initiated in order to satisfy SUSK's need executive did not share my view as to the potential negative t by one individual that for a Ukrainian Students' Month poster. impact of this poster. It is The December 23, 1 980, their prerogative to hold this view, as it ! could be interpreted as deadline, the New Year and "Rizdvo" passed without a single is mine to hold otherwise. When the executive voted to adopt this submission. poster I accepted their decision but felt that the repercussions of iter was an invitation for Before the December its printing would 23, 1980, deadline, the executive be so severe that I could not continue as > well, many clubs within member responsible for Public Relations approached an artist president of SUSK. is type of controversy, who was rumored to be interested in submitting sketches. There I do not think that my resignation was merely an unethical intention I of the artist. was no guarantee given for a sketch. This artist was asked to call tactic. I had intended to keep my plans to resign, should the what type of problems a should he produce anything. No such call was received. The poster be accepted, to myself. However, a direct question posed January 13, 1981, meeting was called to discuss John Stanko's to me during an informal discussion session forced the disclosure ie attention of the V.P. completed poster, along with the possibility of your resignation, of my intention prematurely. In any event, in our society, nobody - to my criticism. I also something you had communicated to us the previous evening. should be forced to work under conditions they find unaccep- ad placed my personal We should also like to comment on your statement that table, for whatever reasons. iUSK as a middle-of-the- "when a consensus could not be reached or an individual felt Debate on the merits of the poster was heated, as opinions on iout to strongly.... both gamble either my the majority conceded." It is true that the SUSK sides were entrenched. During the discussion, many n order to taunt certain executive has functioned largely by consensus decision-making. opinions and allegations of a personal nature were expressed, view the sickle poster as If an individual felt strongly about an issue and the rest did not, which, in hindsight, did not contribute toward the achievement of rn to these people for aid that individual's wishes were accommodated. However, in the an amicable solution to the problem, but in fact created rising) and at the same event that more than one individual feels strongly about an issue, formidable barriers to communication and generated mis- and there is a deadlock, the matter is put to a vote. Such was the understandings. to the sickle posterwere case in this particular instance. This is the essence of a It was not until two weeks later that these were penetrated within two days, but were democratically run organization. Within the Ukrainian Canadian and communication restored. All persons involved expressed regret f pressure from some Committee, SUSK has conducted an admirable campaign in that the situation had regressed to the point that it had. All ips more was at stake, favor of greater democratization. That same democratic principle accepted their responsibility in mishandling what would have ew; lack of time, and must be maintained within SUSK, even though issues, such as otherwise been a routine executive decision. Mutual apologies were all are not viable reasons, the "sickle poster" may result in a deadlock of opinion. On two exchanged by persons involved. I accept responsibility iger than occasions, January 1 for my actions, regret any misunderstandings that the alternative 3, 1 , may have 981 and January 1 9, 1 981 , the Toronto executive voted in favor of retaining the poster submitted by John occurred and apologize to anyone who may have been needlessly eemingly insignificant Stanko. These decisions were reached only after a tremendous slighted as a result. I will work to avoid a similar situation certain members of the amount of thought and discussion. occurring in the future, together with the rest of the executive. sion and understanding In the past, we have worked well as an executive and we value At this time, I would like to withdraw my resignation and confirm my committment to the last, when a concensus your contribution to this effort. We feel that there is much still to SUSK and democratic principles

it upholds. I pledge felt strongly about be done in the remainder of our term and we would like to tackle to continue working, together with the rest of this together. For this reason, we ask you to reconsider your the SUSK Executive, for the good of the Ukrainian students in and for the decision to- resign and to join us in the work that lies ahead. Canada betterment of the Ukrainian-Canadian Sincerely yours, community. Toward a brighter future,

Mykhajlo Maryn Walter Cichowlas Laryssa Rohowsky Dana Boyko Mykhailo Maryn Toronto Gregory Hamara Sonia Maryn Donna Shipowick lanswered Questions Remain David Lupul be perceived by other Ukrainian portray itself, with some success, as a future-oriented organization poster (which quite a number of people have praised as being a being controversial or, worse yet, which seeks to break new ground in areas where the older fine, artistic conception), but rather it concerned the degree to generation is - f the way in which the community slow to take initiatives — in dealing with Ukrainian which SUSK should be sensitive to the potential objections of Canadian culture and issues, in dealing with government on certain segments of the Ukrainian community to its actions. political issues, the community, claiming that it is and so forth. The principal goal of SUSK has been Mike Maryn's personal view, that the poster would contribute a Ukrainian community which is to try to unite students from a wide variety of backgrounds and to promoting a "Marxist or leftist" image for SUSK among the most the beliefs and aspirations of the experiences, and to place the more irrational disputes of previous vociferously anti-communist sectors of the Ukrainian community, n Canadians who have no use for the generations behind us. is hardly a credible reason for cancelling the poster. It was their elders. Unfortunately, the controversy over the so-called "sickle" considered unobjectionable by the vast majority of people who by SUSK Congresses to the SUSK poster has not reflected well on SUSK's image as a forward-looking have had the chance to comment upon it, and would scarcely have )een one which sought to convince organization composed of reasonable individuals. A poster which caused a ripple in most circles of the Ukrainian community. nizations and their members that reflects our traditional heritage has embroiled the SUSK Executive What is most confusing about the entire affair isthattheSUSK iew and innovative ideas as to how and a handful of other individuals in a dispute worthy of the finest, Executive failed to uphold its own democratic decision to print the Canada's multicultural society, and obscurantist battles of previous generations. implemented if Ukrainian-Canadian It is obvious that the arguments over whether the poster should sh in Canada. SUSK has attempted to have been printed or not did not hinge on the intrinsic meritsof the (continued page 14)

Page 9; STUDENT, January - February 1981 music review a column of movies by Bohdan Zajcew Making moves on Sights and sounds

RET SENDS YA /

"East Meets West — On the Dance Floor"

BURYA I Burya Aremkay Records

n huliaju 1) Vite' vije (uueiejnyl val's 2) Kleve'mij 2) 3) Liul'ochka kolomyjka 3) Isk tebe ne tlubyty ) Viaianka kolomyjka 4) Oi zvidsy hora Bulo ne luzhyty 5) Chotio verba plache 5) Skrypali 6) Bodaj sia kohut znurjyv 6)

Rgn Cahule — accordion; bass, organ, synlhesiii Jaioslaw Hrytiorsky — violin, viola Len Steciuk — guilar. violin, vocals Ron Lull — saxophone Mike Romanick — clarinet, saxophone Tom Romanick — saxophone

Growing up Ukrainian Canadian on the Prairies in the 1950's Halya Kuchmij is a young and talented producer/director and feel that there are many indelible and early 1960's tended to leave an impression on an Canadian filmmaker who is clearly on the road to opportunities available. In fact, I have had very

individual, especially where musical influences were concerned. establishing herself as a highly-acclaimed few obstacles in my work here. In the States it received a steady diet of DON MESSER'S JUBILEE and THE probably One producer of documentary and feature films. A would have been more difficult, I would 'TOMMY HUNTER SHOW on television, while DAN CHOMLAK graduate of Hollywood's prestigious and highly have to apprentice and be somebody's assistant, babbled incessantly and played MICKEY & BUNNY on the radio competitive American Film Institute, Halya began instead of a director in my own right. every night. MAE CHWALUK's "Ukrainian Wedding Party" and working with film during a SUSK-sponsored Student: Is this the case with the Canadian film PETER HNATIUK's "Divorce Ukrainian Style", the best selling video-film project in 1972. She has since produc- industry in general? record albums of the era were displayed prominently in pair of Ukrainian ed a films with Ukrainfan Canadian themes kuchmij: I am not sure. I have heard that other the front windows of every Ukrainian store on Selkirk Avenue and — Streetcar and The Strongest Man in the World Canadian film makers have less control over what Main-Street in Winnipeg. And of course, all those Ukrainian — and was a guest at the 1980 SUSK Congress, they are doing. This may have to do more with the weddings to attend — weddings featuring musical entertainment, where The Strongest Man received its Edmonton way you define your role and set the rules — play compliments of PETER PICKLYK, JIMMY GREGRASH, THE premiere. the game, as they say. A lot depends on how INTERLAKE POLKA KINGS and THE PRIMROSE TRIO et al. Halya's The Strongest Man has been strong-willed you are and how much you believe Tsymbaty. yiolin, accordion and percussion were all that was accepted and screened at a variety of inter- in what you are doing. That nothing — being needed to get the toes tapping. The music didn't, after all, have to national film festivals, including the Toronto Ukrainian, being a woman, or any of that — can be very good; the more one drank the better it sounded. Who can Festival of Festivals, the Cork Festival (Ireland) stop you. forget learning how to dance the polka on an overcrowded dance and the Nyon Festival (Switzerland). It won the Student: Then you do not see your ethnicity as floor. One realized afterthe first few timid steps, that survival meant Best Producer award at the 1980 Yorkton being an obstacle? dancing like the Philadelphia Flyers play hockey now — elbows International Film Festival. Halya, a native of Kuchmij: I have never experienced any of that. flying in every direction. At the end of the night more than one Toronto and a I'ormer editor of Student f 1972-73), Actually I have found that being Ukrainian was a person went home bruised, tired, drunk and — satisfied. Some was interviewed by our past editor (1977-1980), positive thing. If you start doing things you don't outgrow it and move on, the music and the memories slowly fading; Nestor Makuch. know as well, there is a riskthatyourend product others wear it on their sleeves like a badge for the rest of their lives. will not be very real, nor will it be very good. I In the latter category find leader you would RON CAHUTE, and Student: How did you get involved with film- don't mind going more and more into the driving force behind Toronto's BURYA. making? Ukrainian experience in my work. I don't care if I remains Prairie all a at heart despite his years in I CAHUTE boy Kuchmij: In 1973, was enrolled in a Master's am typecast, as long as I make good films. Not Toronto. He served his musical apprenticeship playing drums in program in English atthe University of Manitoba, enough people in Canada are doing that anyhow. led his father — late — the band by the whose I MAURICE CAHUTE but dropped out of that because I discovered In a sense this is another form of working for

was synonymous with western Ukrainian Canadian polka I name I that was not an academic. was going to do an what I believe in. Film as a medium has a great music, CAHUTE brings that musical influence to BURYA, wielding interdisciplinary study of film and literature using potential for communication. A film like The it with the subtlety of a sledgehammer. And yet, BURYA is no mere Dovzhenko as an example of a poet and a film- Strongest Man in the World, which has been eastern clone of Prairie a polka band. The group's music has been maker. However, I was more visually oriented and widely acclaimed and which has a strong sense of -

more than a little I swayed by eastern Ukrainian Canadian and simply could not go on with the project. I identity, does as much for multiculturalism as any American bands of the 50's and 60's era (proponents of the enrolled instead in the university's film theory conference. It reaches more people and in an VESELOVSKY-style rhumba, foxtrot and tango like BOHDAN and criticism program and got a minor degree in entertaining way it also educates and enlightens. KIRNIAK, TEMPO, CAROUSEL, and ALEXANDER SHEREMETA. that. I then started free-lancing with CBC radio's It says, "Hey, look. This guy's Ukrainian Cana- The result net of melding these two musical styles is BURYA — "Identities" program while all the time becoming dian, but his part of the history here is as good as Ukrainian music's closest answer yet to JAMES LAST. more interested in film. I then was persuaded by a anybody else's. More aptly, however, BURYA's music might be described as a friend to enroll in the film program at York, where Student: How did you come about the decision to chance encounter between the MANTOVANI STRINGS and I spent the years 1 975 to 1 977, and graduated with make The Strongest Man? BOOTS RANDOLPH. Horns and strings dominate BURYA's slick B. a F.A. in film. I While there, did a number of Kuchmij: I met Mike Swystun in Olha, Manitoba, and full-bodied sound. All of the group's members are technically television programs and some films, the most while I was doing research for the NFB on the capable musicians, is as well demonstrated in BURYA's initial prominent of which is Streetcar. Maydanyk film and was completely overwhelmed foray into the recording studio. Something, however, fails to click; That film brought me a certain amount of by his presence. He had the most incredible- is BURYA considerably less than the musical storm it purports to recognition. It was also my ticket into the looking face and a great spiritual calm. I started be. National Film Board (NFB). I took it to Roman talking to him about his life story. Suddenly thfs Perhaps the problem lies in its attempt to synthesize two Kroiter is , who the head of Studio'B'. Helikedthe unknown, obscure Canadian legend emerged. divergent musical influences. BURYA delivers more than credible film and consequently, In gave me a break. fact he Right then and there I decided to make a film renditions of the tangoes "lak tebe ne liubyty" and "Bulo ne became something of a mentor for me. I started about him. Since I was already working for the tuzhyty", as well as the Latin-influenced "Choho verba plache"; the working for the NFB until I was accepted by the Film Board, I knew they would not fund a second songs ooze polish and style. The instrumental "Kieve mij" and the American Film Institute (AFI) asadirecting fellow project. And because Swystun had cancer, I ever-popular "Anniversary Waltz" are solid if unspectacular. But for the year 1978-79. knew the project could not wait. So, within a BURYA runs out of steam when it comes to putting across a polka This is institute an for people who have month I raised the money for the film through orkolomeyka. PETER PICKLYK and THE INTERLAKE POLKA worked professionally in film and who wish to get private investors — most of them Ukrainian — KINGS may not stand up to BURYA technically, but what they specific experience in dramatic directing. They and shot my footage with a top NFB crew during lack in finesse they make up for with a certain raw edge and accept only 24 candidates, 18 from the United four frantic days in August 1978. 1 shelved the film compelling energy so integral to this lively dance music. This States and 6 others from a number of other when I left shortly afterwards for L.A., then edited quality fundamental to traditional, troista muzyka as well, is countries. It was really a wonderful experience, it upon my return. entirely lacking in BURYA's approach to pieces such as "Sam p'iu, both personally and professionally. It is a very Student: How well has it been received? sam huliaju" and "Viazankakolomeyka". "Skrypali", a lacklustre prestigious place and a lot of people who go there Kuchmij: Very, very well. It has been a definite tune modelled after AL CHERNY's "Orange Blossom Special", it in make the Hollywood industry. It was very success story. Financially, it should pay itself off, could be a real barn-bumer if only BURYA played it with any good training, very high pressure and very tough. with a profit within a year. And the press has been intensity. Technical proficiency like finger-picked violins can't learned a great deal and established contacts extremely receptive to it, even granting it mask the absence of substance and power. with influential many people. If I ever want to go superlatives. The remaining songs on BURYA I warrant a passing mention. back there, I and work do not think it would Be Student: How did^ the people of Olha receive it? "Viter vije" is likely to become a hit with every Ukrainian Ford that difficult for me. Once you are an AFI alumni, dealership Kuchmij: Incredibly. The actual premiere was in between Gardenton and Smokey Lake, and includes the it's like being part of a privileged set and it opens a Winnipeg on June 6th. Jack Palance, who did the compulsory few lines sung in English with an affected Ukrainian lot of doors for you. narration, was there as well as Mike Swystun, my accent. "Liul'ochka kolomeyka" is a narodnia pisnia with lyrics Student: Why did you decide to return then to investors, the crew and assorted dignitaries. The appropriately altered for a stereotyped western Ukrainian Cana- Canada? next day there was a public screening at which dian milieu. As for the waltzes, sia "Bodaj kohut znudyv" and "Oi Kuchmij: I felt that it was important for me to seven hundred people showed up. Then we took zvidsy hora", close your eyes and imagine yourself sitting in finish the I projects had started, that is, the the film to Olha. We were expecting about two Munich's Hofbrauhaus listening to a 17-piece oom-pah band Maydanyk film and The Strongest Man in the hundred people to show up, but when we arrived during Oktoberfest. It's not all that difficult. World. The opportunistic side of me wanted to we saw about one thousand people from all the BURYA I makes for a great party record if you're looking to stay in Hollywood, where I had a job offer as an small towns within a hundred-mile radius. The dance the night away. A profound musical monument of lasting apprentice director feature ona film. At the same community hall in Olha was too small to fit intrinsic value it's not. Attribute my generosity to Prairie sentimen- time I felt loyalty a certain towards Canada everyone, so we rigged up a screen on its outer tality if you will, but on the RET SENDS YA 4 STAR RATING and a responsibility to the NFB. wall and showed the film when it got darker. It SCALE::: BURYA scores*^. Student: To whaf degree did the possibility of was teally wonderful. Prior to that time Swystun greater artistic freedom Influence your decision? had been considered the town fool — living On NEXT ISSUE::: Would you believe, the return a of the KUBANSKI Kuchmij: this in KOZAKY? At point "time I feel that this must dishevelled farm, rough in appearance, eccentric have been definite factor. a I am establishing a in behavior — and largely ostracized. Afterthe good reputation in Canada as a fum screening there' was a complete turn-about -

STUDENT, January - February 1981, page 10 ,

Nestor and Andrij Makuch KOLUMN-EYKA of Halya Kuchmij

Mike Swystun was a star: he was once again the are not being distributed and the strongest man in the world. He was signing Canadian film industry is becoming a laughing-stock autographs beside Jack Palance and really in his inter- nationally. At the same time neyday. He died six there has been a weeks later on July 1 6, 1980. huge outcry from the press and other critics that think he died with a great deal of dignity. In the the Canadian film industry isgoing downhill town, the fact that film that a had been made about most its them of products are second rate and do not generated a really good feeling. People deal with Canadian subject matter. This has led to could stand a little taller and say, "Hey, I'm a definite search for an Ukrainian, alternative to the 4auasi- but that's O.K.... They've made a film American films. about us and we're just as good as anyone else." This opens up the industry to films with ALL THAT JAZZ Before that they tended to feel inferior about ethnic themes. I don't think enough has been themselves. There now was a real pride that Olha done in this area, especially if In this article, we will attempt was on the you consider the to assess the relative influences map and that Mike Swystun was one of wealth of subject of two external genres them. material to draw from The of dance upon Ukrainian-Canadian staoe ^"adian Film Development dance - ]azz ballet and Student: Corporation classical ballet. In particular we'll be There is a comment on this year's (CFDC) and the looking at the SUSK NFB are all looking towards influence of jazz, because we are more favorably Congress program to the effect that younger, disposed * many people newer directors who want to make towards it. today cannot conceive of Ukrainian films culture being about distinctively Canadian subjects Although the prevalent opinion in real until And they dance circles viewsclassical they see it before themselves on a are willing to ballet as the finance them. Politically the time foundation for all dance, we must beg to differ screen. Do you think this is was the case in Olha? ripe. If anyone approached Certainly, high calibre jazz (and Kuchmli: these institutions to especially lyrical jazz) that meets You must understand that the film make a film professional standards, had about the Ukrainian experience is primarily derived from ballet Moreover been accepted first by the in non-Ukrainian com- Canada, they would get funding and it is a fact that most serious jazz dancers also study munity - by the a lot of classical ballet NFB, at the premiere in support. extensively. However, in relation to folk dance it must be Winnipeg which was attended by many non- Student: recognized that classical Do you plan to continue makinq films ballet is founded on tolk dance and not Ukrainians, and by the press bending over with Ukrainian themes? vice-versa. backwards with fantastic reviews. Once the non- Kuchmij: Yes, definitely. We personally find classical ballet, Right I despite all its merits, Ukrainian sector now have a to be recognizes something which is couple of feature-film too genteel, too controlled, and projects in mind. The first too soft a dance form to be suited to Ukrainian as legitimate, then Ukrainians say, "It's is a dramatized version of Mike the training of Ukrainian male dancers. " Swystun's life the Some people might qo so O.K.. It is almost like far as something Canadian story of a travelling, to say that it makes Ukrainian male dancers having one-man magician/strong seem effeminate to go to the States to find acceptance man going Who wants to watch a Ukrainian through rural towns in Western man dance as if his knees are Student: This raises the question made of fine of the very Canada during the Depression and eventually crystal? Who really believes that Kozaky danced with 'legitimacy" of films with Ukrainian themes. being the delicately and After forced back to the farm because of family perfectly curved arms of a close fifth ballet all, the Ukrainian experience here was pressures. position? Who believes that entire The other is adrama about growing up an people never stamped its feet quintessential^ Canadian in that the primary as the off-spring of third-immigration when its folk songs indicate otherwise? "Dam lykha zakablukam' parents I relationship of most Ukrainian immigrants was am a little tired of doing just the zakablukam lykha dam!" (I'll stomp on evil with my heels with with early-immigrant my the soil and/or with their heels I II immediate environ- thing. I think the "DP" experience has stomp on evil!) By way of further example, might we ment. That not been point defined their Canadian experience. looked at closely out how painful it is to watch classical ballet enough. I know that experience dancers gingerly and On the other hand, if one lived in worriedly perform an Anglo- very well and it could be a very interesting very prysiadky in the "Trepak" dance of the Canadian milieu, one was more susceptible real film Nutcracker Suite! to — also very different from anything that levelling Anglo-American On the other cultural influences has been done to now in Canada. hand, jazz ballet exhibits an entirely different From that perspective, would attitude and not films with I am constantly temperament. Jazz has the 'go-for-if reassured that I am doing the punchy Ukrainian themes be more faithful interpretations right recklessness that Ukrainian thing when I see people's responses men need in order to survive a of to films the Canadian experience? like demanding performance. Jazz is The Strongest Man. It is necessary to keep dynamic high-energy dance and Kuchmij: I was just coming around as in Ukrainian dancing, to that issue doing it, except that there are not enough people a weak dancer turns the audience off' In the last rather few years there has it. than excites it. In jazz, been a great doing I would strongly encourage more you slam your body — but with upsurge in Canadian feature-film perfect, knowledgeable control. Its rhythm production Ukrainians to get into film. The opposition is not is very bouncy more so Unfortunately many of than that of Ukrainian these films are second- there and if you know what you are doing dancing. Jazz makes extensive use of demi- rate pointe American imitations. In fact, some of them anything is possible. and demi-olie positions, which are exactly those required are patently stupid. As a result a lot of these films for strong prysiadky The arm positions of jazz are more natural and powerful than those of classical ballet, and jazz is characteriz- ed by the more Dr. Doremy relaxed turnout of the legs expected in character Fasola's classical dance. of review Because its more earthy nature, one might expect men to study jazz more readily than classical ballet with its unfortunate effeminate stigma. Whereas we assert that jazz suits the temperament of Ukrainian male dancers more than does classical ballet, we find lhat Ukrainian women can enjoy the best that both genres have to offer. When trained in classical ballet, a woman has the potential to beautifully contrast the powerful male with her soft, refined manner. This contrast fits in well with the stereotyped, male- dominated housewife of our traditional agrarian, peasant society. Corresponding to the feminist movement offstage, a post- Avramenko trend in Ukrainian dance exists to liberate Ukrainian female dancers from this oppression on stage. Rather than simply being relegated to the background choreography onstage while the men perform their solos in the foreground, women also want to exhibit greater power and speed, and share the solos. Jazz ballet's temperament, earthiness, and emphasis on tondue and demi- pointe can assist them in this regard also. Just as through lyrical jazz men are not limited to being macho men, so too are women L. Dychko. Chotyry Pory capable Ukrainka ... better do her in century Ukrainian composer, of performing more challenging tasks through "get-down" Roku (The Four jazz. Thus, all Seasons), Russian" (so as to reach a whose spiritual concerti found Ukrainian dancers stand to benefit from contact with 'larger 'all that jazz'. Cantata. 1. "Vesna" (Spring) audience'). their roots in Ukrainian folklore. By the same token, Vesnianka; 2. "Lito" Dychko's foundation is the If you would like to submit an article lor publication in Kolumn- or arrangements of folk to either (Summer) a. Petrivochkab. songs same: he has a profound un- agree or disagree with any article published by means of a tetter to were encouraged, the Editor, please send them to Petrivochka, Kryvyi tanets; as long as derstanding of the spirit and the Student Collective. Articles should be they did not depart too much typewritten and titled. 3. "Osin" (Autumn) two form of the Ukrainian folk song. from Cathy Ciesielski the village original. (For a In the course of creating his obzhynky songs; 4. "Zyma" revealing Demjan Hohol insight into the en- music, is (Winter) Two shchedrivky. he able to detach vironment in which Soviet com- himself from the traditional Kiev Chamber Chorus, V. posers worked during the melody of a folk song, and Attention Ikonnyk, ( Collectors and Institutions cond., soloists: L. Stalinist era, see Solomon create a new one. His com- Lopushko (2), O. Mar- Volkov, ed., Testimony: The Memoirs positions have, perhaps, a tynenko (2,3,4) and M. of Dmitri different character than those A complete set of back issues from Turianin Melodiya Shostakovich, New York: of traditional melodies, but are (4). 33 S the Edmonton years of 10-05685-86. Harper and Row, 1979, pp. 213- entirely faithful to their original Student 221). spirit- (1977-1980) is now available for It has been precisely in the Similarly, Dychko is quite Soviet composers, es- the low, low price of $1 0. Just send genre of folk music that pecially Ukrainian ones, have free from traditional har- us your address with Ukrainians have managed to monizations. a cheque or been encouraged to draw from He uses dissonant reach heights that have harmonies which would have money order to: folklore; it has been seen by the challenged and even surpassed been unthinkable Soviet cultural establishment as to the musical the folk music of any other master of Back Issues an inexhaustible fount of raw the 19th and early Student, people in the world for originali- 20th centuries. material for higher art. Consequently, #206, 11751-95 St., ty and variety. in Dychko's compositions, While the truth of this can the Now, a young and relatively Ukrainian Edmonton, Alberta, hardly be denied, this approach song is clothed in an unknown Ukrainian composer, entirely new, and Canada, has frequently been, more highly attrac- T5G 1 M1 L. Dychko, has turned to the tive, garb. limiting than inspiring. And rich tradition in Ukrainian Seasons and the transition • that, especially in the first years Please indicate if you'd be interested in folklore for inspiration, but with from one season to another after the October Revolution of ordering a bound set, as we are a remarkable difference. In have been the inspiration of con- 1917, was precisely what the sidering Chotyry Pory Roku, Dychko many traditional folk placing an orderwith the bindery cultural commisars wanted, songs. does not merely arrange such Ukrainian ritual for several institutions. particularly in Ukraine. songs traditional songs. He has, in The commisars would say beautifully convey the at- fact, composed original mosphere of the four seasons: something like this: "Dance all melodies to the traditional folk Vesnianky mirror nature the hopaky you like but, as for lyrics and skilfully arranged awakening in spring, ballet, you had better leave that them for an a capella chorus. Petrivchanski songs (of the for the Kirov; sing all your Chopin took traditional fasting season before the feast wonderful songs," (just be Polish melodies and gave to of St. Peter and St. Paul) herald Careful with the historical ones) them his' own unique inter- the approach "but remember that the Bolshoi of early summer, pretations. An earlier example obzhynky (reaper's) songs paint is so much better at opera; stage of a similar musical all the plays that you want by metamorphosis can be found in (Meister Kropymytsky, but as for Lesia the work of A. Vedel, a 19th I continued page 15)

Page 11; STUDENT, January - February 1981 Book Review A page of poets E.W. Plawiuk

Peter Hrycenko. Scimitars Over Ukraine. New York, Toronto: THE MIRROR Manor Books, 1979. (Paperback) yevsei lyubitsky I will make no bones about it: I love pulp fiction. Ah, for the ( -1981) Golden Age of Radio, when pulp fiction dominated the airwaves Shevchenko Tourist with the Lone Ranger and the sinister laugh of the Shadow — who knows what evil lurks in the heart of man? Remember the great age identity lost the eye, trapping time of comics, when Buck Rodgers and Flash Gordon fought the alien in life Through that the past is present. hordes in the black and white drawings of Alex Raymond. Or the let this be your So imaginative fantasies of C.L. Moore, from the 1930 s, who brought obituary returning trip to my ancestral soil. us Xanadu, and Jorel (that swashbuckling young woman warrior noting the awesome A who battled wizards and monsters). irony of your name tourist, who's one eye The pulps have returned, if in As a only somewhat nostalgic tones, lyubitsky everything it sees. in recent fiction. Conan the Barbarian, Solomon Kane the Puritan, Shutters at and Wolff the Viking are just a few of the modern heroes of the pulp "brother to the Prorok.' fiction genre. This is not the pretentious literature of English the loved one" The soil of professors, but is unabashed escapism describing heroic deeds of though you mirrored uncle ordering Who's statue, gazes stoned mythical proportions. And I love it. joe millions to of At me snapping a shot But I have often wondered why the great pulp novelists of the silence earth 1930's or their more recent imitators never conceived of portraying

fated I am but a tourist a heroic fantasy on the steppes of Ukraine. It has always seemed you Ukrainian jew fror that such a perfect setting, what with all of that snow and all of the sunny summer day '35 romantic heroes from Ukrainian history: Stenkan Razin, Taras in Bulba, Pugachev, Nestor Makhno and even, Bohdan Khmelnitsky. abducted by three men They seem such perfect characters for an action-packed pulp in a black car novel or comic strip. scarcely enough Now, dear reader, we finally have a pulp adventure of high time for brief goodbyes with wife * Prorok translates as "the prophet" heroic fantasy — something for relief from reading all of those and children boring minutes of the Central Committee of the Ukrainian left forever and refers to the poet Taras Shevchenko Communist Party. In an unassuming novel by Peter Hrycenko, (1814-1861) whose monument looks over entitled Scimitars over Ukraine, we have a story that would do your home becoming the river Dnipro at Kaniv wheYe he lies. justice to the highest tradition of pulp fiction. Not quite the kind of a luxury villa book that you would find tucked away in your local Ukrainian where barber makeup artists bookstore — no, it is more.likely to be found stashed behind the war and adventure novels in your local tobacco and magazine shop. and tailor maintain is the subtle Dmytro Jacuta Which exactly where I found it, looking for something to read touches rizdvo, while suffering the rigours of a six-hour ride on the bus between of you as mask 1981. Lethbridge and Edmonton. Six hours later, I had not only arrived at my destination, but had managed to fight Turks and Poles your new life / participate in a Cossack uprising, drink vodka, smoke kit, take part pacifying delegations in political conspiracies — not to mention a bit of wenching with of miners and others or some buxom, young Slavic women. playing chess What a novel! Two hundred years of Ukrainian history with strangers visiting squeezed into 300 pages, with lots of interesting asides about you werewolves, witches and other folklore. And a protagonist who is a composite of all of the great Ukrainian folk heroes from Taras you becoming minatauros Bulba to Nestor Makhno. to that paranoid in Our swashbuckling hero in Scimitars is named Mieszko an monsterous unassuming Ukrainian peasant who becomes a Cossack chieftain labyrinth and leads a full-scale revolt aimed atf reeing Ukraine from the Poles the homunculous and the Turks. Mieszko is rather a simple fellow, who has an with yellow teeth engaging kind of homespun intelligence. Despite his naivete, our clacking peasant simpleton not only survives various battles and political a hopeless georgian accent intrigues, but, in the process, he espousesa truly radical critique ot bent on pogroms the a lonely powerful: the only way to deal with politicians is by putting redhaired them on the end of a sharp sword. Give me more sharp swords and golem even sharper wits! of whom you later Histrionics are used as well as hysteria. For those of you who spoke to someone are looking for a fictional romance placed within an accurate in duschanbe historical setting, you will have to look elsewhere. Scimitars follows the rules of pulp fiction in "Believe me, I an historical context: it is 1% history and looked much more like Stalin 99% imagination. But it is a first of its kind, a Ukrainian Conan with than Stalin looked like himself. all of its positive features (fast-paced action, limited violence Look at the portrait. Everybody who sees drunken revels) this and negative (macho men, large-breasted women famous picture believes it is one of Stalin. and periodic racial slurs). Most racial Even the painter thought it of the slurs are made against so. But was I Ukrainians by their opponents: Turks, Poles and Russians who posed for it." THE EXTRA BOLT IN Mieszko's evolution from peasant simpleton (who for in- stance, when appointed by the Polish king as a cavalry officer yes lyubitsky forgetstoask THE URBAN MACHINE himfor a horse and leaves Warsaw on foot) into folk- one has to be troubled hero is assured by his sure sense of the difference between right by inversion and wrong. in Search for the sky While kings, princes, ottomans and holy church fathers common myth machinate behind through polluted haze his back, Meiszko cutsthem to the quick with his who really deadrings for golem? sword, his Search for creativity wit and his anarchic sense of peasant strategy play your who is minotaur? enemies against amidst urban conformity each other, until they are all so suitably weakened one must be haunted that you can revolt. by the real Search for free will in the legal maze l.looktorwardtomorepulpnovelssetinUkraine.butalas even where some are doomed bcimilars seems hard to find now, to deadring Search for truth two yearsafter its first printina It for tyrant is in the media a shame that other tales like that of Meiszko have not appeared noise since the pulp f Search for classless iction vehicle is one of the best ways to express folk twin to the dreaded other brotherhood ales and mythical heroism in one in the pagodas of big business popular form. Perhaps it's time for a lyubitsky few Ukrainian Search for the earth scholars to get off their high horses and write forthe that you were so possessed in the common folk. And perhaps we would find more people interested by theatre troubles me concrete and asphalt jungle in Urban life is Ukraine if popular fiction was written by the esteemed new for you did once death of spirit intelligentsia of the Ukrainian community. Heaven forbid we miqht nostalgically reveal even resurrect Amongst my people some Ukrainian heroines — a "Red Sonya" of to someone Ukraine, perhaps swinging rooted in the soil under her horse and slicing the quts of some fat helman Folklife is fading in order to prove that she isn't goinq to take the "My real pleasure was to visit the theatre back seat any longer. To that. / look forward. People stood up and applauded, before my eyes

But I won't hold not the actors, my breath waiting for it. It seems there are but me, Yevsei Lyubitsky I many I am the eternal wanderer much more intriguing works being published nowadays like mean Comrade Stalin, of course." Ethnic Gadabout Stratification of Kievan Rus, 1100 - 1234, or Demographic Studies of the and of Looking to save folkloric Economic Distribution of City States in Pre- course lyubitsky my past Petrovina Faced with creeping Russia. You know, that wonderful late-night readinq so knowing how men can change urbanism popular with the one now I fear I am lost. Student crowd. As for myself, give me a bowl of kit must wnder some vodka and more ...who was it Meiszko and I will ride through Ukraine putting sat Urban setting Turk and Pole to the sword and torching the aristocrats and beside khrushchev Tantalizing bourgeoisie. Ah, now, that's the life that steppe night bitch while ukrain's greatest actor Distasteful odours played as traitor? Deceitful charms You devour that night where uncle joe;nudged khrushchev my people and whispered spitting out their spirit as pits of cherries You "only a man who is seek to suck out my soul indeed spiritual leech a traitor could play it Psychological disorder so well Nervous tension ...you know what must be done Fatal diseases spread comrade" under your geometric gaze

Forever and ever Gadabout Andrew Suknaski I will never accept you into my heart.

GADABOUT BOREVITER

STUDENT, January - February 1981, page 12 Canada ?

, . . , .,,, . , , ..

Multiculturalism

Page 13; STUDENT, January - February 1981 Rifts in Executive Debate poster. In doing so, the Executive failed to live up to its members." Because Mike Maryn (the President) was not present at good part of the strong opposi- commitments to publicize the activities of Ukrainian Student either meeting when the votes were taken, certain members of the tion on their part stems from Weeks across Canada to the rest of the community. If there were Executive believed that the votes might not be constitutional. being uncomfortable with hav- concerns that the poster would subject SUSK to Marxist red- But another clause of the Constitution [9.02 (a)] states: "In the ing to abide by the procedures baiting, this could have been easily dealt with through a well- event of a resignation of a member of a body of SUSK, the outlined in the law of the planned publicity campaign, explaining the purpose of the poster Executive appoint a may replacement." Had the Executive chosen proposed constitution design- and the nature of the activities being promoted during the various to accept Mike Maryn's letter of resignation, they could have ed to ostensibly protect the Ukrainian Weeks across Canada. appointed a new President and resolved the issue in a fairly rights of the citizen against It is unfortunate that Maryn's Mike personal crusade to rid straightforward manner. This would appearto be the most sensible abuse. SUSK of its "Marxist or leftist" image has only served to give some interpretation todrawfrom these two clausesof the Constitution as How well they will actually credibility to the issue of "Marxist bogeyman" within SUSK, and they presently stand. To interpret them otherwise, would be to protect him still remains an now the Executive will have to take steps to pick up the pieces as suggest that the entire SUSK Executive (all eighteen members) unresolved question. The chief the fallout from this controversy continues. By failing to stand up would cease to have any authority in the absence of the President's weakness of the Charter of on this issue, the Executive may be faced with the ridiculous authority. And this is clearly inconsistent with the SUSK Constitu- Rights is assertions highlighted by clause and prejudices emanating fromthose circles who wish tion, by which the Congress elects all of the SUSK Executive 1 (the exemption clause), in to dabble in rumors and falsehoods. members, and to which all are ultimately accountable. which the rights may be Moreover, SUSK has always prided itself as being a "cross- One would suspect that there were probably many factors suspended subject to ideological organization", recruiting its membership from all which influenced the National Executive's decision not to accept reasonable limitations prescrib- political and religious segments in the community. There has been Mike Maryn's resignation and, therefore, not to print the poster ed by law. Debate over this no mandate from the Congress to make the eradicationof "Marxism One would hope for a fuller explanation from the Executive of the clause before the committee by or leftism" within SUSK a priority of the SUSK National Executive. circumstances under which they found themselves virtually both Government and Opposi- Neither has this objective been approved in any policy statements paralyzed for a three-week period, and their recommendations for tion members focused on the from the SUSK Executive. If Mike Maryn wants a personal crusade avoiding a similar impasse in the future. A start might be made in necessity of making this provi- he would be well-advisecl to concentrate on sprucing up SUSK's this direction by the Executive in exercising its right to pass by- sion one which might be easily tarnished image with its traditional supporters, such as the laws (under section 11.01 (b) of the Constitution) to clarify implemented whenever the Ukrainian Professional and Business Federation, rather particular sections than of the Constitution, such as the quorum clause. Government so chose. Very few attempting to slay "Marxist " dragons, which have become virtually A policy statement the Executive, from re-affirming its commitment of the politicians in appeared extinct the universities of the 1980's. to democratic principles in its decision-making process, would worried about the implications —ON THE SUSK CONSTITUTION— also help to clear the air on this issue. of making this clause one On the second issue, that is, whether the decision-making The entire affair points out the kind of mistakes which susceptible to easy implemen- process within SUSK has adequately been upheld — there remain executives can fall into over seemingly innocuous issues. All tation. This should serious questions as to the Executive's handling be the more of the entire executives make mistakes, but the mark of leadership is good the surprising, since it dispute. In their letter of 26 was a similar January 1981, the SUSK Executive ability to learn from one's mistakes. To this end, a leadership- rejects Mike clause to the one proposed Maryn's position that the Executive should be run training program should instituted within be SUSK which would which allowed Hitler's regime to according to the principle of consensus rather than my majority help future SUSK Executives, as well as local club executives, to suspend the constitution vote. The SUSK Constitution is of the clear on this matter; it states that learn howto resolve problems of a similar nature moreexpeditious- "all business of the Executive democratic German republic in shall be carried on by a majority ly. Basic knowledge of how to resolve intra-group conflicts without vote." 1 933, and to set up a totalitarian provoking the alienation of one group or another is an essential dictatorship within the space of Moreover, it would be the height of inconsistency to argue that function of leadership, and is a skill all student clubs could benefit several months. the SUSK Executive should be guided by "consensus" when SUSK from. has consistently criticized This reflects on one of the the Ukrainian community and its And what of SUSK, in the aftermath of this crisis? It is crucially most serious weaknesses undemocratic nature as exemplified by KYK (Ukrainian Canadian important of the that any re-evaluation of the affair recognize that a lot of Charter Committee). How can we hope to of Rights — the serve as "models" for the rifts remain within the National Executive and questions remain Ukrainian community, when we ourselves cannot absence of a clear philosophy agree on how unanswered. For instance, who took the decision not to have the democracy is supposed to function within which lies behind the proposed SUSK? poster printed? Laryssa Rohowsky, the Secretary of SUSK, stated changes. Except for the But the Executive apparently considers itself that she first knew that the bound by poster was not to be printed a full week momentum created majority vote. by the Why then was the poster not printed? The poster was after the decision to cancel had been made. Rohowsky claims that approved crushing of the independence by a majority vote (twice) and, despite these two votes, a she was asked to sign a letter cancelling the poster on 29 January decision forces in Quebec last year, was subsequently made not to print it. 1981. She felt that this was a surprising request as the Executive there has been no single event The SUSK Executive has not come forward with a forthright had twice voted in favor of printing the poster, and that only or crisis which has motivated explanation. The above letter merely cites "various reasons" forthe another vote by the Executive could have called the poster off (as the present constitutional lack of a poster; the SUSK National newsletter, Chutky, claims long asthere were questions raised about quorums and validities of review. Because of the lack of a "technical difficulties" surrounding the alleged votes). Several other constitutionality of Executive members outside of Toronto claim clear guide as the votes taken on the poster. that they to the were generally kept in the dark about the events which government's Both explanations are unclear philosophy in and appear a trifle contrived transpired in Toronto following Mike Maryn's resignation, and they implementing What is clear is that the their con- SUSK Executive had a responsibility to the felt that the Toronto-based Executive has an obligation to be membership more stitutional proposals, on' what of SUSK to have a poster produced for Ukrainian forthright in explaining these matters to fellow Executive members Weeks. The poster basis will the courts be ex- was approved by the Executive and it was and the SUSK membership. already at the printer's pected to decide the intent of shop. The time has come to put the whole affair behind us; butfirst a the specific clauses of the Further explanations from the Executive give full explanation the following as of the resolution of this entire affair should be Charter? an excuse. One clause of the Constitution [sec. 9.03 issued from the Whereas the (b)] states- "A Executive to the membership of SUSK all quorum We could American constitution rests required at a meeting will be the President and three benefit from having the air cleared on this leadership question upon clear within SUSK. philosophical tradi- tion which dates back to the writings of the English and French liberal philosophies of the Enlightenment (such as John Locke and Montesquieu), the Canadian bill has no fount of equivalent inspiration. OREST P. S. MULKA, CLU Constitutions are always subject to the interpretation of the judicial system. But howare the courts to fathom the intent Royal Bank behind the proposed Charter of DMONTON, Rights? Written by committee, it 1 is TBJ tX7 the product of political com- New Vouk Lifc Insurance Co. todmom (403) 42- ffit Astro Travel Service v promise and uncertainty. Should the courts look for inspiration in the writings of Pierre Elliot Trudeau, perhaps? COMPLETE TRAVEL SERVICE Or, more accurately, in the writings of Nicolo Machiavelli It on the politics of opportunism"? takes more than • Specializing in Ukraine/Eastern Europe • Group and Individual Travel theory to start • Visas, Invitations, Passport Photos 10B54 - 97 STREET EDMONTON, ALBERTA a practice. TEL. (403) 423-2351 YOU CAN BENEFIT FROM OUR FULL RANGE I UKRAINIAN (EDMONTON) OF FINANCIAL SERVICES. IOJ CREDIT UNION limited

10850 - 97 Street Edmonton,, Alberta T5H 2M5 Phone (403) 429-1431.

Savings Life insured ( to $2000) Registered Retirement Savings Plan Loans (Life insured to $10,000) Travellers' Cheques Chequing Service ~ No Charge n Guaranteed Term Certificates HERITAGE TRUST 1 0126 - 1 01 St. EDMONTON TELEPHONE 429-6656 OFFICE HOURS # 192 KINGSWAV GARDEN MALL. EDMONTON TELEPHONE 47*471 Mon. - Tues. - 9:30 - 12:00, 1:30 - 5 00 319 - Ml AVENUE. S.W, CALGARY Wednesday - 1:30 - 5:00, 7:00 - 9 TELEPHONE 265-4415 00 Thurs. - Fri. - 9:30 - 12:00, 1:30 - 5:00 Saturday- 10:00-1:00

STUDENT, January - February 1981, page 14 Ukrainians Split SUSTE Meister schools in the city. On the issue Ukrainians seemed less con- nt the approach of autumn after of whether government about getting govern- - the cerned , a successful harvest, . and' should subsidize Ukrainian ment grants. They expressed shchedrivky are winter incan- schools, the survey noted that opinion that Ottawa's , the . - tations for a fruitful new year. there "fatalism" financial responsibility . was a ex- primary ' Now, Dychko has taken the pressed by the respondents, for was to new Canadians, and that , seasonal cycle "" as a thematic they felt Ukrainian more established groups , - that schools "the - focus for his Chotyry it ' were do themselves." Only - such an integral partof should , the . in Roku, an attempt to recreate community that they were will- when it came to questions of - the of . mood and atmosphere ing to pay themselves." subsidies for language courses, . - individual ' the , , seasons. it felt that Ukrainians were . Many Canadian- born was , The cantata's first move- teachers on Ukrainian school deserving of additional govern- , . ' ment is made up of two staffs funding — pollsters also came under attack by ment the , (- vesnianky. They are sung alter- that this was the Toronto group for "lacking noting, however, ) nately: first, a verse of one the experience "as in response to the - of the other much , vesnianka, then verse a of the Ukrainians 'French getting away with , who immigrated." € - second in a different mood. The else." . As the pollsters wryly observed, murder' as anything , . cantata begins with a playful, "For some felt Undoubtedly, the hierarchy - reason the group .«»: - . - light melody which undergoes that more money could alleviate of the Winnipeg-based Ukrai- interesting ' variations until it the situation." nian Canadian Committee '? «»:. concludes in a rich chorale. The question of Ukrainian (UCC) will be dismayed to learn ' The first song of the second media further revealed differing that, when asked if that city's : ? movement follows the folk community views among respondents in Ukrainians had any . - : "zaspiv' pattern: one voice in- "the group looked , the two cities. Apparently, the leaders, , troduces a melody, which is, in Ukrainian media is rabidly puzzled and then said 'no'". The , . turn, echoed by several soloists followed in Toronto; in Win- best this group could do was to and finally rendered by the ex-Winnipeg mayor, nipeg, "no one followed it". The identify ., , . - entire chorus. While the first of many then Toronto group conceded, Steven Juba; but , - the petrivchanski songs is however, that Ukrainian televi- went on to remark that he just somewhat moody in character, Ukrainian. , sion and radio was "happened" to be '. - , the second is quite lyrical. issue of community . These two petrivchanski "amateurish," but asserted that The - - songs through greater financing the leadership was not dealt with at , . , - are performed by female voices, length among the while the quality would improve. It was any great , - zaspiv of 'Kryvyi specified increased Toronto Ukrainians, although , tanets' (the crooked dance) is not whether did mention the . sung financing would be public or one respondent «»: , by men and developed by private. A few individuals in UCC. ' - . the full chorus. Toronto felt that government Despite the fact that the ? Obzhynkovi songs are did not reveal clear - featured in the third financing should be focussed survey any - ' movement. preferences among - The mood of the first upon "grassroots" concerns, political , - — city, ? measured, stately relative- such as the publishing of Ukrai- Ukrainians in either a . and - - nian literature. number of comments were : , ly warm, while the second is Multiculturalism was view- made in Toronto to the effect . quite cold, as if foretelling the ed on two levels by both groups. that the then Clark government - greyness, rain and chill of . con- less of dic- autumn. The movement In principle, all agreed that the "seemed to be a , - concept of multiculturalism was tatorial government than the cludes with a lively melody current past (Liberal) government." The - which echoes babyne lito (In- a good definition for the , - of Canadian socie- Winnipeg group saw little . dian summer). composition «»: - . 'Shchedryi vechir'. these ty — although a few individuals difference between the Conser- - vatives and the Liberals, but - words usher in the final move- in Winnipeg voicedconcemthat , ,- ,. clearly at Grit policy , ment, with its flowing melody. such a policy militated against they were . - on bilingualism. , This song reaches a climax with national unity. On the other hand, numerous respondents In terms of the Ukrainian ? , the vinshuvannia (wishing) by of the ethno-cultural male soloists. This has a chant- felt that multiculturalism was a portion - - glaring -, like melody, to which the ethnic study, the most , condescending sop to - chorus responds with a weakness was the fact that it ' voters during electoral cam- of recapitulation of the first for it tended to lump sought to ascertainjhe views . paigns, Canadians into three 550,000 Ukrainian -Canadians , shchedryi vechir. The cantata categories: "English, French from two-hour conversations , - , concludes with a smoother, warmer shchedrivka. and others." The Toronto group with eighty individuals who - , - , should added A note be was particularly incensed that were concentrated in two urban ? , - centers. The poll lacked a . about the performance of the multiculturalism, in its present - - , Kiev Chamber Chorus, a small sound quantitative basis, and , to emphasize food : form, tended , - but highly disciplined group. Its and dance instead of their real was somewhat superficial in . . intonation of Dychko's difficult concerns: the language and analysis. Undoubtedly, many harmonies is flawless. literature community. Ukrainians across Canada will of the " Nonetheless, Toronto view the results with a good deal The reverse side of the disc contains V. Bibik's Triptych for Ukrainians appear more anx- of skepticism and claim that the A Cappella Mixed Chorus, opus ious to be the recipients of Ukrainians polled did not reflect government subsidies', their personal point of view. 18, to a Russian text. It, too, is performed by the Kiev Chamber regardless of whether or not But despite its apparent chorus, and soloists. M. they are packaged under the deficiencies, the poll un- Turianyn, L. Lopushko and L. 'multicultural' label. Moreover, questionably points to the fact Zabeltasta (who starred in the the results of the poll revealed that Ukrainians in Canada are Lviv pavillion during the 1980 the opinion that once the hardly a homogeneous ethnic significantly, the Winnipeg Folklorama). money is in the community minority. Most treasury, the government survey reveals that trends in should step back. Researchers immigration and patterns of remarked that, "They did not settlement have constituted feel the government should do' powerful forces in molding the anything more than giving them views of Toronto and Winnipeg financial backing for their ac- Ukrainians. Logically, the next build tivities. The responsibility for step should be to upon the preservation of the Ukrai- these tentative findings in order nian culture was a community that the diverse nature of the concern and not a government Ukrainian community in concern." Canada be documented with Student Unlike their Toronto greater clarity. counterparts, Winnipeg Press Fund ! Thanks (contributions this month)

We would like to extend our Student Faculty Club Malanka Troupe $400 sincere thanks to the Faculty U of T Ukrainian Students' Club $250 Club of the University of Alberta Dr. George W. Laschuk $250 sponsoring the 9th Annual for Taras Toroshenko $50 Malanka celebration and to all Otto Jerenluk (Kollada) $20 who. contributed once those Nadia Skop $15 again to making it a memorable j. P. $10 1 Hlmka occasion. Demjan Hohol $8 special thank you to the A Greg Michalenko $4 group of singers, dancers and Halfna Van de Lagemaat $2 535-2135 performers who volunteered Rev. Ivan Makuch $1 535-2136 their efforts in providing the evening's entertainment: Myron SembaTiuk. Demjan Hohol, Tim Dzenick, Gwen Andreiuk, Send all contributions to: Mark Ferbey, Ihor Hluszok, ^LOORJT^VEL^GEI^ Hdhol. I Keenan Hohol, Shannon Student - - - RAIL TOURS Catherine Lasuita. David Lupul, f PLANE STEAMSHIP BUS 11246 - 91 Street Olenka Lupul, Luba Macewko, CRUISES - HOTEL ACCOMMODATION J John Melnychuk, Andrea Sem- Edmonton, Alberta Canada baliuk, and Donna Stechishin. | T5B 4A2 1190 Bloor Street West KUBYLIW Toronto. Ont. M6H 1N2

Page 15; STUDENT, January - February 1981 Return Requested 1 + Student Second Deuxleme class #206, 11751 - 95 Street classe Edmonton, Alberta 4883 Canada T5G 1M1 EDMONTON

Ukraine 1981 Group Intinerary May 4 - 18, 1981. PRICE: $1099.00

Price includes: , — Return airfare, economy class, from/to Montreal. — First Class hotels, twin bedded rooms with bath. — Single rooms with supplement. — Three meals per day — Daily sightseeing tours — Transfers and baggage handling between all cities. — Gala dinner — Two theatre tickets.

Additional Costs: — Canadian airport tax and visa fee • $25.00

Additional fees for points of departure other than Montreal: Toronto $33.00 — Winnipeg $72.00 — Calgary or Edmonton $124.00 — Vancouver $168.00

*" — Deposit - $200.00 at time of booking — Cancellation insurance (for health reasons only) 910.00 Balance due 2 months before departure - March 4th.

For information contact: Michael Pasternak 747 Place Valiquette Brassard, Quebec, J4W 2B1 (514) 671-5667

Persons departing from other parts of Canada will come to Montreal and depart on the same flight as Montreal participants namely.... Aeroflot flight #SU 302, Montreal - Moscow.

Participants who have made a deposit but have been refused permission to enter by Soviet authorities will be reimbursed in full except for a $20.00 administrative fee applied by Exotic Tours.

Make cheques or money orders payable to Exotic Tours.

Deposits should be sent to Michael Pasternak at the above address.