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How Religious Narratives and Rituals Function in Constructing

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How Religious Narratives and Rituals Function in Constructing HOW RELIGIOUS NARRATIVES AND RITUALS FUNCTION IN CONSTRUCTING THE EXPERIENCE OF IMMIGRANTS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A HAITIAN BAPTIST CHURCH IN SOUTH FLORIDA A DISSERTATION IN Religious Studies and Social Sciences Consortium Presented to the Faculty of the University of Missouri-Kansas City in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY by JOHN JEFFREY FUGITT B.A., Southwest Baptist University, 1986 M.Div., Midwestern Baptist Theological Seminary, 1990 Kansas City, Missouri 2019 HOW RELIGIOUS NARRATIVES AND RITUALS FUNCTION IN CONSTRUCTING THE EXPERIENCE OF IMMIGRANTS WITHIN THE CONTEXT OF A HAITIAN BAPTIST CHURCH IN SOUTH FLORIDA. John Jeffrey Fugitt, Candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy Degree University of Missouri-Kansas City, 2019 ABSTRACT This dissertation examines how religious narratives and rituals function in constructing the experience of immigrants within the context of a Haitian Baptist church in South Florida. The church and its contexts are described. Then, an overview of relevant literature provides the foundation for the theory that is outlined below. The search for a descriptive model of the fluid and complex nature of the social processes involved in intersubjective experience led to the development of a new conceptual tool based upon the analogy of sound-mixing. Conceptual and practical components of this religious context that express, shape, and perpetuate personal and group subjectivity are analyzed. Data were gathered through a survey, interviews, and participant observation. This study provides a multifaceted approach to analyzing immigrant experience based upon a constellation of issues. Attention was given to continued influence of homeland memories and ties, as well as the practical needs of daily life and negotiation of constraints in the host country context that necessarily drive much of the appropriation of resources. The church as a mediating institution and moral arbiter are aspects also considered. iii This dissertation yields clarity on several issues; most notably, the important role that religious discourse plays in immigrant subjectivity and practice. Charles H. Long has defined religion as “orientation in the ultimate sense, that is, how one comes to terms with the ultimate significance of one’s place in the world.”1 While there are multiple factors at work in the perpetual process of self-understanding, theologically orienting activities prove to be key for many participants in this congregation under consideration. Religious narratives and rituals provide master narratives to interpret and relativize competing narratives. These narratives and attendant practices have acted upon these subjects to one degree or another throughout their lives, shaping their lifeways in multiple ways in everything from sexual practice and gender relations to prayer methods and casual greetings. Formed by the social environments in which they were born, immigrants engage with new environments and all the attendant material concerns and competing ideological frameworks. Through congregational involvement they are emplotted within their larger social contexts in ways that provide transcendent theological meanings. These meanings give a sense of greater purpose and ultimate hope beyond the current, observable, and often challenging contingencies of life. They also lead to particular concrete actions, that is, ways of living. Ongoing participation in congregational life transforms the experience of immigration into an experience of divine providence, blessing, and mission. Within that frame, all sorts of morally charged practices are implicated. This highlights the importance of participation, or lack thereof, in religious social groups where theological discourse offers a way of making sense of the disparate elements of immigrant experience. From this congregational case study, our understandings of the complex processes involving relations between religious practice and immigrant experience are increased. iv Notes 1. Charles H. Long, Significations: Signs, Symbols, and Images in the Interpretation of Religion (Philadelphia: Fortress Press, 1986), 7. v APPROVAL PAGE The faculty listed below, appointed by the Dean of the School of Graduate Studies have examined a dissertation titled “How Religious Narratives and Rituals Function in Constructing the Experience of Immigrants Within the Context of a Haitian Baptist Church in South Florida,” presented by John Jeffrey Fugitt, candidate for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, and certify that in their opinion it is worthy of acceptance. Supervisory Committee Gary Ebersole, Ph.D., Committee Chair Department of History/Religious Studies Jeffrey S. Bennett, Ph.D. Department of Sociology/Anthropology/Religious Studies Shannon Jackson, Ph.D. Department of Sociology/Anthropology David May, Ph.D. Department of New Testament, Central Baptist Theological Seminary Craig Prentiss, Ph.D. Department of Theology and Religious Studies, Rockhurst University vi CONTENTS ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................ iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ...................................................................................................... x Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................... 1 Topic ............................................................................................................................ 1 Thesis ........................................................................................................................... 9 Outline.......................................................................................................................... 9 Approach .................................................................................................................... 10 Definition and Delimitation ....................................................................................... 11 Protestants and Haitian Culture ................................................................................. 13 Transnationalism and Haitian Experience ................................................................. 16 Congregational Contexts ............................................................................................ 22 The Host Community ..................................................................................... 22 The Church..................................................................................................... 23 Affiliations ..................................................................................................... 28 Sending Communities/Transnational Networks ............................................ 29 Notes .......................................................................................................................... 30 2. LITERATURE REVIEW ................................................................................................. 33 Scholarly Contexts ..................................................................................................... 33 Notes .......................................................................................................................... 62 3. THEORY AND METHOD................................................................................................ 66 Theoretical Approach................................................................................................. 66 vii Methodological Approach ......................................................................................... 79 Survey ............................................................................................................ 79 Participant Observation .................................................................................. 82 Interviews ....................................................................................................... 84 Artifactual Research....................................................................................... 85 Analysis ......................................................................................................... 86 Notes .......................................................................................................................... 88 4. ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................................ 89 Narrative .................................................................................................................... 90 An Overview of Narrative Discourse ............................................................ 90 Narrative Discourse Case Study .................................................................... 93 Relational, Material, and Ideological Ties to the Homeland ....................... 104 Relational, Material, and Ideological Constraints and Resources in the Host Context ................................................................................. 108 Marginality ................................................................................................... 124 Church as Mediating Institution................................................................... 129 Moral Differentiation ................................................................................... 130 Summary of Discourse Analysis .................................................................. 137 Ritual
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