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Invisible Labor, Invisible Play: Online Gold Farming and the Boundary Between Jobs and Games
Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law Volume 18 Issue 3 Issue 3 - Spring 2016 Article 2 2015 Invisible Labor, Invisible Play: Online Gold Farming and the Boundary Between Jobs and Games Julian Dibbell Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/jetlaw Part of the Internet Law Commons, and the Labor and Employment Law Commons Recommended Citation Julian Dibbell, Invisible Labor, Invisible Play: Online Gold Farming and the Boundary Between Jobs and Games, 18 Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment and Technology Law 419 (2021) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/jetlaw/vol18/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Journal of Entertainment & Technology Law by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. VANDERBILT JOURNAL OF ENTERTAINMENT & TECHNOLOGY LAW VOLUME 18 SPRING 2016 NUMBER 3 Invisible Labor, Invisible Play: Online Gold Farming and the Boundary Between Jobs and Games Julian Dibbell ABSTRACT When does work become play and play become work? Courts have considered the question in a variety of economic contexts, from student athletes seeking recognition as employees to professional blackjack players seeking to be treated by casinos just like casual players. Here, this question is applied to a relatively novel context: that of online gold farming, a gray-market industry in which wage-earning workers, largely based in China, are paid to play fantasy massively multiplayer online games (MMOs) that reward them with virtual items that their employers sell for profit to the same games' casual players. -
Non-Serious Serious Games
Press Start Non-Serious Serious Games Non-Serious Serious Games Matthew Hudson Toshiba Design Center Abstract Serious games have been shown to promote behavioural change and impart skills to players, and non-serious games have proven to have numerous benefits. This paper argues that non-serious digital games played in a ‘clan’ or online community setting can lead to similar real world benefits to serious games. This paper reports the outcomes from an ethnographic study and the analysis of user generated data from an online gaming clan. The outcomes support previous research which shows that non-serious games can be a setting for improved social well- being, second language learning, and self-esteem/confidence building. In addition this paper presents the novel results that play within online game communities can impart benefits to players, such as treating a fear of public speaking. This paper ultimately argues that communities of Gamers impart ‘serious’ benefits to their members. Keywords Online communities; digital games; clan; social play; serious games; non-serious games Press Start 2016 | Volume 3 | Issue 2 ISSN: 2055-8198 URL: http://press-start.gla.ac.uk Press Start is an open access student journal that publishes the best undergraduate and postgraduate research, essays and dissertations from across the multidisciplinary subject of game studies. Press Start is published by HATII at the University of Glasgow. Hudson Non-Serious Serious Games Introduction Serious games have been shown to promote behavioural change and impart skills to players (Lampton et al. 2006, Wouters et al. 2009), and non-serious games have been shown to have numerous benefits (Granic et al. -
Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything
Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary Volume 31 Issue 1 Article 7 3-15-2011 Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything Alan Wilcox Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/naalj Part of the Administrative Law Commons, Comparative and Foreign Law Commons, and the Entertainment, Arts, and Sports Law Commons Recommended Citation Alan Wilcox, Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything, 31 J. Nat’l Ass’n Admin. L. Judiciary Iss. 1 (2011) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pepperdine.edu/naalj/vol31/iss1/7 This Comment is brought to you for free and open access by the Caruso School of Law at Pepperdine Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Journal of the National Association of Administrative Law Judiciary by an authorized editor of Pepperdine Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected], [email protected]. Regulating Violence in Video Games: Virtually Everything By Alan Wilcox* TABLE OF CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION ................................. ....... 254 II. PAST AND CURRENT RESTRICTIONS ON VIOLENCE IN VIDEO GAMES ........................................... 256 A. The Origins of Video Game Regulation...............256 B. The ESRB ............................. ..... 263 III. RESTRICTIONS IMPOSED IN OTHER COUNTRIES . ............ 275 A. The European Union ............................... 276 1. PEGI.. ................................... 276 2. The United -
Old School Runescape Hunting Guide
Old School Runescape Hunting Guide Somber and lienal Frederico cross-refer her waxworks candlepins declaring and garments sevenfold. Maxim dehisces feoffeesdispassionately if Valdemar while is unhoarded xeric or slugging Albert guestintricately. moralistically or dowers third-class. Healed Davis always granitized his If possible did, be struggle to dagger a like, trousers make four to subscribe see you input new. After RuneScape's controversial 2019 Jagex plots direct and. Chompys are some of rantz and guide will be sure you will continue on items before, old school runescape hunting guide at first. All necessary items. In time amount of Hunter experience gained if school is wielded while hunting. Hunter training method, much like Farming. Splashing osrs reddit Giampolo Law Group. This is done by inspecting the scenery objects in the Habitat of the creature to uncover the tracks. Tell it because it has been delayed january, hunting both hunter guide will save a spade. The runescape guide on training methods. Hunter is the worst skill or train at low lvls. Implings at all meetings and guide at least eight hours. The website encountered an unexpected error. Teleport back to Castle Wars with your average to bank items and cross over. Doing this method is strongly recommended for by lower levels, as goods is significantly better after the active training methods, despite ostensibly being a passive training method. We use tick traps. They have a great drop rate for easy clue scrolls and involve no combat but can be frustrating due to the fail rates and. Because this information is a critical part of our business, it would be treated like our other assets in the context of a merger, sale or other corporate reorganization or legal proceeding. -
Thomas Wood1 I. Introduction Microtransactions Are Generally
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ RIGGING THE GAME: THE LEGALITY OF RANDOM CHANCE PURCHASES (“LOOT BOXES”) UNDER CURRENT MASSACHUSETTS GAMBLING LAW Thomas Wood1 I. Introduction Microtransactions are generally defined as any additional payment made in a video game after the customer makes an original purchase.2 Over time, microtransactions have increased in prominence and are featured today in many free-to-play mobile games.3 However, some video game developers, to the outrage of consumers, have decided to include microtransactions in PC and console games, which already require an upfront $60 retail payment.4 Consumer advocacy groups have increasingly criticized Microtransactions as unfair to 1 J.D. Candidate, Suffolk University Law School, 2020; B.S. in Criminal Justice and minor in Political Science, University of Massachusetts Lowell, 2017. Thomas Wood can be reached at [email protected]. 2 See Eddie Makuch, Microtransactions, Explained: Here's What You Need To Know, GAMESPOT (Nov. 20, 2018), archived at https://perma.cc/TUX6-D9WL (defining microtransactions as “anything you pay extra for in a video game outside of the initial purchase”); see also Microtransaction, URBAN DICTIONARY (Oct. 29, 2018), archived at https://perma.cc/XS7R-Z4TT (describing microtransactions sarcastically as a “method that game companies use to make the consumer’s wallets burn” and “the cancer of modern gaming”). 3 See Mike Williams, The Harsh History of Gaming Microtransactions: From Horse Armor to Loot Boxes, USGAMER (Oct. 11, 2017), archived at https://perma.cc/PEY6-SFL2 (outlining how the loot box model was originally created in Asia through MMOs and free-to-play games); see also Loot Boxes Games, GIANT BOMB (Nov. -
The Rise of Massively Multiplayer Online Games, Esports, And
The Rise of Massive Multiplayer Online Games, Esports, and Game Live Streaming An Interview with T. L.Taylor T. L.Taylor is Professor of Comparative Media Studies at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) and cofounder and Director of Research for AnyKey, an organization dedicated to supporting and developing fair and inclusive esports. She is a qualitative sociologist who has focused on internet and game studies for over two decades, and her research explores the rela- tions between culture and technology in online leisure environments. Her Watch Me Play: Twitch and the Rise of Game Live Streaming (2018), which chronicled the emerging media space of online game broadcasting, won the 2019 American Sociological Association’s Communication, Information Technologies, and Media Sociology book award. She is also the author of Raising the Stakes: E-Sports and the Professionalization of Computer Gaming (2012) and Play between Worlds: Exploring Online Game Culture (2006), and coauthor of Ethnography and Virtual Worlds: A Handbook of Method (2012). Key words: assemblage; coconstruction; esports; Everquest; live streaming; MMOG; professional gaming; Twitch; video games American Journal of Play: Tell us how you played as a child? T. L.Taylor: My play was standard fare and fairly traditionally gendered, rooted in storytelling and imagination but also influenced by watching television. With stuffed animals and Barbie dolls, or just various outdoor spaces, I had a lot of material both for solo and social play. A lot of it was tied to favorite television characters we’d act out. I was also a huge fan of Viewmaster and enjoyed spending time “in” that stereographic space. -
Exergames and the “Ideal Woman”
Make Room for Video Games: Exergames and the “Ideal Woman” by Julia Golden Raz A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (Communication) in the University of Michigan 2015 Doctoral Committee: Associate Professor Christian Sandvig, Chair Professor Susan Douglas Associate Professor Sheila C. Murphy Professor Lisa Nakamura © Julia Golden Raz 2015 For my mother ii Acknowledgements Words cannot fully articulate the gratitude I have for everyone who has believed in me throughout my graduate school journey. Special thanks to my advisor and dissertation chair, Dr. Christian Sandvig: for taking me on as an advisee, for invaluable feedback and mentoring, and for introducing me to the lab’s holiday white elephant exchange. To Dr. Sheila Murphy: you have believed in me from day one, and that means the world to me. You are an excellent mentor and friend, and I am truly grateful for everything you have done for me over the years. To Dr. Susan Douglas: it was such a pleasure teaching for you in COMM 101. You have taught me so much about scholarship and teaching. To Dr. Lisa Nakamura: thank you for your candid feedback and for pushing me as a game studies scholar. To Amy Eaton: for all of your assistance and guidance over the years. To Robin Means Coleman: for believing in me. To Dave Carter and Val Waldren at the Computer and Video Game Archive: thank you for supporting my research over the years. I feel so fortunate to have attended a school that has such an amazing video game archive. -
5 Mud Spells
1. I AN INTRODUCTION TO MUD I I i Duncan Howard I Century Communications - London - CONTENTS INTRODUCTION by Richard Bartle I Chapter I A day in the death of an adventurer 7 Chapter 2 What is MUD? II Chapter 3 MUD commands 19 Chapter 4 Fighting in MUD 25 Chapter 5 MUD spells 29 Chapter 6 Monsters 35 Chapter 7 Treasure in MUD 37 Chapter 8 Wizards and witches 43 Chapter 9 Places in the Land 47 Chapter IO Daemons 53 Chapter II Puzzles and mazes 55 Chapter I2 Who's who in MUD 63 © Copyright MUSE Ltd 1985 Chapter I3 A specktackerler Christmas 71 All rights reserved Chapter I4 In conclusion 77 First published in 1985 by Appendix A A logged game of MUD 79 Century Communications Ltd Appendix B Useful addresses 89 a division of Century Hutchins~n Brookmount House, 62-65 Chandos Place, Covent Garden, London WC2N 4NW ISBN o 7126 0691 2 Originated by NWL Editorial Services, Langport, Somerset, TArn 9DG Printed and bound in Great Britain by Hazell, Watson & Viney, Aylesbury, Bucks. INTRODUCTION by Richard Bartle The original MUD was conceived, and the core written, by Roy Trubshaw in his final year at Essex University in 1980. When I took over as the game's maintainer and began to expand the number of locations and commands at the player's disposal I had little inkling of what was going to happen. First it became a cult among the university students. Then, with the advent of Packet Switch Stream (PSS), MUD began to attract players from outside the university - some calling from as far away as the USA and Japan! MUD proved so popular that it began to slow down the Essex University DEC-ro for other users and its availability had to be restricted to the middle of the night. -
FTC Inside the Game: Unlocking the Consumer Issues Surrounding Loot Boxes Workshop Transcript Segment 1
Inside the Game: Unlocking the Consumer Issues Surrounding Loot Boxes – An FTC Workshop August 7, 2019 Segment 1 Transcript MARY JOHNSON: Good morning, everyone. My name is Mary Johnson. I'm an attorney in the division of Advertising Practices in FTC's Bureau of Consumer Protection. Thank you for your interest in today's topic, "Consumer Issues Related to Video Game Loot Boxes and Microtransactions." Before we get started with the program, I need to review some administrative details. I don't have a catchy video to hold your attention, so please listen carefully. Please silence any mobile phones and other electronic devices. If you must use them during the workshop, please be respectful of the speakers and your fellow audience members. Please be aware that if you leave the Constitution Center building for any reason during the workshop, you will have to go back through security screening again when you return. So bear this in mind and plan ahead, especially if you are participating on a panel, so we can do our best to remain on schedule. If you received a lanyard with a plastic FTC event security badge, please return your badge to security when you leave for the day. We do reuse those for multiple events. So now some important emergency procedures. If an emergency occurs that requires evacuation of the building, an alarm will sound. Everyone should leave the building in an orderly manner through the main 7th Street exit. After leaving the building, turn left and proceed down 7th Street to E Street to the FTC emergency assembly area. -
Entertainment Software Rating Board - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia Visited on 10/04/2016 Not Logged in Talk Contributions Create Account Log In
Entertainment Software Rating Board - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Visited on 10/04/2016 Not logged in Talk Contributions Create account Log in Article Talk Read Edit View history Entertainment Software Rating Board From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents "ESRB" redirects here. For the European financial agency, see European Systemic Risk Featured content Board. Current events "Mature content" redirects here. For other uses, see Pornography. Random article The Entertainment Software Rating Board Donate to Wikipedia Entertainment Software Rating Wikipedia store (ESRB) is a self-regulatory organization that Board assigns age and content ratings, enforces Interaction industry-adopted advertising guidelines, and Help About Wikipedia ensures responsible online privacy principles for Community portal computer and video games in the United States, Recent changes nearly all of Canada, and Mexico. The ESRB was Contact page established in 1994 by the Entertainment Software 2006 – present logo Tools Association (formerly the Interactive Digital What links here Software Association), in response to criticism of Type Non-profit, self-regulatory Related changes violent content found in video games such as Industry Organization and rating system Upload file Night Trap, Mortal Kombat, and other controversial Predecessor 3DO Rating System Special pages Recreational Software Advisory video games with excessively violent or sexual Permanent link Council content. Videogame Rating Council Page information September 16, 1994; 22 years Wikidata -
Mud Connector
Archive-name: mudlist.doc /_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ /_/_/_/_/ THE /_/_/_/_/ /_/_/ MUD CONNECTOR /_/_/ /_/_/_/_/ MUD LIST /_/_/_/_/ /_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/_/ o=======================================================================o The Mud Connector is (c) copyright (1994 - 96) by Andrew Cowan, an associate of GlobalMedia Design Inc. This mudlist may be reprinted as long as 1) it appears in its entirety, you may not strip out bits and pieces 2) the entire header appears with the list intact. Many thanks go out to the mud administrators who helped to make this list possible, without them there is little chance this list would exist! o=======================================================================o This list is presented strictly in alphabetical order. Each mud listing contains: The mud name, The code base used, the telnet address of the mud (unless circumstances prevent this), the homepage url (if a homepage exists) and a description submitted by a member of the mud's administration or a person approved to make the submission. All listings derived from the Mud Connector WWW site http://www.mudconnect.com/ You can contact the Mud Connector staff at [email protected]. [NOTE: This list was computer-generated, Please report bugs/typos] o=======================================================================o Last Updated: June 8th, 1997 TOTAL MUDS LISTED: 808 o=======================================================================o o=======================================================================o Muds Beginning With: A o=======================================================================o Mud : Aacena: The Fatal Promise Code Base : Envy 2.0 Telnet : mud.usacomputers.com 6969 [204.215.32.27] WWW : None Description : Aacena: The Fatal Promise: Come here if you like: Clan Wars, PKilling, Role Playing, Friendly but Fair Imms, in depth quests, Colour, Multiclassing*, Original Areas*, Tweaked up code, and MORE! *On the way in The Fatal Promise is a small mud but is growing in size and player base. -
Is the Buying of Loot Boxes in Videogames a Form of Gambling Or Gaming?
Is the buying of loot boxes in videogames a form of gambling or gaming? Mark D. Griffiths International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department Nottingham Trent University, 50 Shakespeare Street, Nottingham, NG1 4FQ, United Kingdom Email: [email protected] Mark D. Griffiths is Professor of Behavioural Addiction in the Psychology Department at Nottingham Trent University in Nottingham, United Kingdom. Keywords: Loot boxes; social gambling; virtual assets; in-game purchasing; video game gambling 1 “The novelty of [Las Vegas] can hide its true intentions. [Its] seediness might be hard to detect on the surface of many video games, but replace the roulette table with a Candy Crush wheel and the similarities become clearer. Think about how many times you've paid real-life money in a game for the chance to win an item you really wanted. Was it a nice Overwatch skin? Perhaps it was a coveted Hearthstone card. How many times did you not get the item you wanted, then immediately bought in for another chance to hit the big time?”[1]. The buying of loot boxes takes place within online videogames and are (in essence) virtual games of chance. Players use real money to buy virtual in-game items and can redeem such items by buying keys to open the boxes where they receive a chance selection of further virtual items. Other types of equivalent in-game virtual assets that can be bought include crates, cases, chests, bundles, and card packs. The virtual items that can be ‘won’ can comprise basic customization (i.e., cosmetic) options for a player’s in-game character (avatar) to in-game assets that can help players progress more effectively in the game (e.g., gameplay improvement items such as weapons, armor)[1-3].