J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 108, DECEMBER 2011 77

Grape- toxicology tolerance among the species to currently Mike Smirle, Cheryl Zurowski, Marissa registered active ingredients Neuner, and Tom Lowery, Pacific Agri-Food chlorantraniliprole and permethrin illustrates Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food the importance of correct identification of the Canada, Summerland, BC species complex present in different locations. The effects of natural and synthetic The second set of experiments examined the materials on two insect pests of grapes, effects of essential oils on the Virginia creeper cutworms (: ) and leafhopper, Erythroneura ziczac. These studies leafhoppers (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), are are an example of experiments that assess discussed. In all of these studies assessing the behavioral responses, not mortality, resulting effects of toxicants, the importance of dose from exposure to toxicants. In this case, response was stressed (Paracelsus: “The dose repellency was measured using leaf-disc makes the poison”). In the first set of studies, choice tests on third-instar nymphs. Of the 11 insecticides were tested for efficacy on fourth- oils tested, four repelled leafhopper nymphs instar larvae of three species of cutworms that (paraffin oil, canola oil, mustard seed oil, and have become serious pests in British lemon oil), whereas tea tree oil and citronella Columbia vineyards: orbis, A. oil repelled nymphs at high concentrations but nefascia, and A. reedi. There was considerable attracted them at low concentrations. Five variation in response to these insecticides materials had no significant effect (eucalyptus (chlorantraniliprole [rynaxypyr], permethrin, oil, peppermint oil, rice bran oil, cedarwood methoxyfenozide, spinetoram, spinosad, oil, and garlic juice). Essential oils may be malathion, carbaryl, and Bacillus useful in reducing leafhopper feeding if thuringiensis), both within and among the appropriate formulations can be developed three species. Significant differences in and effective usage patterns determined. Presentation Abstracts

Entomological Society of British Columbia Annual General Meeting, Pacific Agri-Food Research Station, Summerland, B.C., Oct. 11-12, 2012

Current insect pest issues in the Southern both the larval and adult stages, and often Interior of British Columbia display low developmental temperature Susanna Acheampong, BC Ministry of thresholds. Both of these characteristics confer Agriculture, Kelowna, BC advantages regarding the use of brown Insect pests of concern in 2012 on stone lacewings for biological control. Here, we fruit and vegetable crops and their present results of a greenhouse cage management will be discussed. Pest species experiment where the brown lacewing, include San Jose scale, Quadraspidiotus Micromus variegatus, was released alone and perniciosus; apple leaf curling midge, simultaneously with the parasitoid, Aphidius Dasineura mali; woolly apple aphid, matricariae, for management of the green Eriosoma lanigerum; onion maggot, Delia aphid, Myzus persicae. Antigua; and, garlic bulb mites. Thrips (Thysanoptera: Thripidae): From Micromus variegatus: a new biological the greenhouse to the lab, a new pest on control agent for aphids on greenhouse lavender, Lavendula pinnata, and in peppers coriander, Coriandrum sativa, tissue culture Rob McGregor, and Jordan Bannerman, Lauren Erland, Naomi DeLury, and Soheil Douglas College, New Westminster, BC Mahmoud, Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Brown lacewings (Neuroptera: Summerland BC Hemerobiidae) have rarely been used in Thrips are a common phytophagous pest augmentative biological control programs. with a significant economic impact. Adults Hemerobiids feed voraciously on aphids in and nymphs were found on lavender, a plant 78 J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 108, DECEMBER 2011 thought to have few or no insect pests, and on Effects of thermal stress on survival and coriander in tissue culture. To our knowledge, development time of Aphidius matricariae, a this is the first report of thrips on L. pinnata biological control agent of Myzus persicae and of a sterile population of a greenhouse Christina Hodson, Simon Fraser University, pest in tissue culture. Burnaby, BC We evaluated thermal-tolerance limits of The confusing transition into adulthood: the aphid parasitoid, Aphidius matricariae. age–size conflict in insect metamorphosis Heat stress was applied to juvenile parasitoids, Amber Gigi Hoi, Simon P. Zappia, and and effects on survival and development time Bernard D. Roitberg, Simon Fraser were assessed. The results have implications University, Burnaby, BC for the effectiveness of A. matricariae as a Holometabolous often face a trade- biological control agent during heat waves. off: spending more time as larvae growing for bigger adult size, higher fecundity, but Are fungi and parasitoids compatible for delaying reproduction. We studied such time controlling aphids in greenhouses? allocation in larvae under deprived conditions Jasmine Norouzi, Agriculture & Agri-Food and during a nutrient influx. A waiting tactic Canada, Agassiz, BC was observed and the complex trade-offs Beauveria bassiana (strain GHA) in the involved are discussed. commercialized form, BotaniGard, affected survival and longevity of a parasitoid, Cool climate and climbing cutworm: Aphidius matricariae attacking Myzus Biological control of a grape pest persicae on pepper plants, Capsicum annuum. T. Scott Johnson, Tom Lowery, Joan The results suggest that the fungus interferes Cossentine, and Jenny Cory, Simon Fraser sufficiently with the parasitoids and that it University, Burnaby, BC and Agriculture & does not have a positive effect on controlling Agri-Food Canada, Summerland, BC aphids. Abagrotis orbis is a climbing cutworm pest in the vineyards of the Okanagan. Much of Turning up the heat on predation: their active feeding periods occur under cooler Temperature fluctuations decrease pest temperatures. We evaluated their susceptibility suppression to several entomopathogenic fungi and F. W. Simon, A. M. Chubaty, and B. D. nematodes across three temperatures. The Roitberg, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, larvae were susceptible to entomopathogenic BC fungi and nematodes with the highest Insect activity is temperature mediated, mortality rates occurring at higher however little work has explored how temperatures, although mortality occurred at temperature fluctuations can influence pest lower temperatures. suppression. We investigated this phenomenon with a Lokta–Volterra predator–prey model Spotted Wing Drosophila in fruit crops of with daily temperature fluctuations. We found interior valleys of British Columbia, 2009 – that increased amplitude of temperature 2012 fluctuations caused large boom–bust cycles, Howard Thistlewood, Susanna Acheampong, which lead to more severe pest outbreaks. Charlotte Leaming, Molly Thurston, Brigitte Rozema, Duane Holder, and Gayle Krahn, Visual and olfactory cues used by the apple Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, clearwing to locate showy milkweed Summerland, BC flowers A vinegar fly, Spotted Wing Drosophila, Chelsea Eby, Simon Fraser University, Drosophila suzukii, was first detected in the Burnaby, BC British Columbia interior in September 2009, In British Columbia, adult Synanthedon and damaged crops in 2010. We report on its myopaeformis commonly feed on showy abundance and distribution in traps and plant milkweed flowers. Vision was examined using hosts, on a parasitoid, and other efforts to ERGs and spectral reflectance. Olfaction was understand the ecology of this invasive insect. examined using GC-EAD and proboscis- extension assays. A single milkweed floral J. ENTOMOL. SOC. BRIT. COLUMBIA 108, DECEMBER 2011 79 semiochemical was shown to be highly Eocene fossil insect beta diversity, climate, attractive in field-trapping assays, whereas and topography across southern British visual cues were less important. Columbia and northern Washington S. Bruce Archibald, David R. Greenwood, and Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) Rolf W. Mathewes, Simon Fraser University, parasitoids of leafhopper eggs on Burnaby, BC, Royal BC Museum, Victoria, grapevines BC, Museum of Comparative Zoology, Tom Lowery, Agriculture & Agri-Food Cambridge, MA, USA and Brandon Canada, Summerland, BC University, Brandon, MB There are at least 10 known instances of Just over four decades ago, Janzen Anagrus (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) egg hypothesized a relationship between dispersal, parasites successfully imported for the control topography, climate, and latitude. He proposed of leafhopper pests in various countries. In that whereas warm valleys and cool mountain British Columbia, they are important for the passes in seasonal temperate latitudes have a control of Virginia creeper leafhopper, temperature overlap at least part of the year Erythroneura ziczac, and western grape that facilitates dispersal of organisms between leafhopper, E. elegantula, with parasitism valleys, the same elevation difference in the rates in certain locations near riparian areas equable tropics share no common reaching nearly 100% late in the season. Our temperatures over a year, constituting a research has shown that their activity is physiological dispersal barrier between limited by a lack of suitable overwintering valleys. This would result in higher overturn hosts and that they are sensitive to chemical of species—increased beta diversity—across sprays. Until recently the and host tropical montane landscapes. The early relationships of Anagrus species utilizing eggs Eocene Okanagan Highlands fossil sites of of leafhoppers on grapes was poorly studied. southern BC and northern Washington present A single species, Anagrus epos, was thought a unique opportunity to test this notion to parasitize both E. ziczac and E. elegantula, independent of latitude. We sampled insect but it is now understood that one species A. fossils across this 1000-km montane transect daanei uses eggs of the former, and a different of cool mean annual temperatures, yet low species, A. erythroneurae, parasitizes the temperature seasonality as in the modern latter. A survey is currently being conducted to tropics. We found that beta diversity was determine if a third species, A. tretiakovae, indeed high, supporting Janzen’s notion that which parasitizes eggs of both species, has temperature seasonality is key to montane beta arrived in British Columbia from Washington diversity, as well as that global biodiversity State, or if it can be imported from its native was higher in the Eocene than it is today. range in eastern North America.