Chasing New Horizons
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David Grinspoon Planetary Science Institute 2017 Report Report On
David Grinspoon Planetary Science Institute 2017 Report Report on research and education activities: My research activities in 2017 included contributing to the Japanese Akatsuki Venus mission as a Contributing Scientist. Several papers are in preparation. Also this year I continued work on the ROCKE3D node of the NASA NexSS (NASA Nexus for Exoplanet System Science). Out of this work I am co-author of a paper that was published in Geophysics Research Letters. I also contributed as Co-I to the proposal for the Venus New Frontiers missions VICI and VISAGE, neither of which was selected for Phase A funding. On the heels of this loss I am now a Co-I on a team that is preparing a proposal for the next Discovery competition. This year I completed a book entitled “Chasing New Horizons”, co-authored with Dr. Alan Stern, which chronicles the history of the New Horizons mission to Pluto. It will be published May 1, 2018, by Picador Books. Also, this year This year I joined the Committee on the Status of Women of the American Astronomical Society. I gave invited talks at Princeton University, Hunter College, University of Iowa, University of Victoria, University of Utrecht, University of Stellenbosch (South Africa),Stevens Institute of Technology, MIT, Johns Hopkins University and at the American Geophysical Union meeting in New Orleans I have participated in numerous public outreach activities including magazine writing, hosting and appearing as a guest on radio shows, moderating public discussions, and giving lectures. I also joined the scientific advisory board of the SETI Institute. Publications: Way, M. -
+ New Horizons
Media Contacts NASA Headquarters Policy/Program Management Dwayne Brown New Horizons Nuclear Safety (202) 358-1726 [email protected] The Johns Hopkins University Mission Management Applied Physics Laboratory Spacecraft Operations Michael Buckley (240) 228-7536 or (443) 778-7536 [email protected] Southwest Research Institute Principal Investigator Institution Maria Martinez (210) 522-3305 [email protected] NASA Kennedy Space Center Launch Operations George Diller (321) 867-2468 [email protected] Lockheed Martin Space Systems Launch Vehicle Julie Andrews (321) 853-1567 [email protected] International Launch Services Launch Vehicle Fran Slimmer (571) 633-7462 [email protected] NEW HORIZONS Table of Contents Media Services Information ................................................................................................ 2 Quick Facts .............................................................................................................................. 3 Pluto at a Glance ...................................................................................................................... 5 Why Pluto and the Kuiper Belt? The Science of New Horizons ............................... 7 NASA’s New Frontiers Program ........................................................................................14 The Spacecraft ........................................................................................................................15 Science Payload ...............................................................................................................16 -
1 the New Horizons Spacecraft Glen H. Fountain, David Y
The New Horizons Spacecraft Glen H. Fountain, David Y. Kusnierkiewicz, Christopher B. Hersman, Timothy S. Herder, Thomas B Coughlin, William T. Gibson, Deborah A. Clancy, Christopher C. DeBoy, T. Adrian Hill, James D. Kinnison, Douglas S. Mehoke, Geffrey K. Ottman, Gabe D. Rogers, S. Alan Stern, James M. Stratton, Steven R. Vernon, Stephen P. Williams Abstract The New Horizons spacecraft was launched on January 19, 2006. The spacecraft was designed to provide a platform for the seven instruments designated by the science team to collect and return data from Pluto in 2015 that would meet the requirements established by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Announcement of Opportunity AO-OSS-01. The design drew on heritage from previous missions developed at The Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory (APL) and other NASA missions such as Ulysses. The trajectory design imposed constraints on mass and structural strength to meet the high launch acceleration consistent with meeting the AO requirement of returning data prior to the year 2020. The spacecraft subsystems were designed to meet tight resource allocations (mass and power) yet provide the necessary control and data handling finesse to support data collection and return when the one way light time during the Pluto fly-by is 4.5 hours. Missions to the outer regions of the solar system (where the solar irradiance is 1/1000 of the level near the Earth) require a Radioisotope Thermoelectric Generator (RTG) to supply electrical power. One RTG was available for use by New Horizons. To accommodate this constraint, the spacecraft electronics were designed to operate on less than 200 W. -
Cosmic Perspective
HE T COSMIC PERSPECTIVE A01_BENN9068_08_NASTA_FM.indd 1 02/03/17 9:34 AM Astronauts get a unique opportunity to experience a cosmic perspective. Here, astronaut John Grunsfeld has a CD of The Cosmic Perspective floating in front of him while orbiting Earth during the Space Shuttle’s final servicing mission to the Hubble Space Telescope (May 2009). A01_BENN9068_08_NASTA_FM.indd 2 02/03/17 9:34 AM HE T COSMIC PERSPECTIVE EIGHTH EDITION JEFFREY BENNETT University of Colorado at Boulder MEGAN DONAHUE Michigan State University NICHOLAS SCHNEIDER University of Colorado at Boulder MARK VOIT Michigan State University Boston Columbus Indianapolis New York San Francisco Hoboken Amsterdam Cape Town Dubai London Madrid Milan Munich Paris Montréal Toronto Delhi Mexico City São Paulo Sydney Hong Kong Seoul Singapore Taipei Tokyo A01_BENN9068_08_NASTA_FM.indd 3 02/03/17 9:34 AM Editor-in-Chief: Jeanne Zalesky Compositor: Cenveo Publisher Services Executive Editor: Nancy Whilton Design Manager: Mark Ong Director of Marketing: Christy Lesko Interior and Cover Designer: Preston Thomas Marketing Manager: Elizabeth Ellsworth Illustrations: Rolin Graphics Program Manager: Mary Ripley Photo Research: Amy Dunleavy Project Manager: Chandrika Madhavan Photo Research Management: Maya Gomez Program and Project Management Team Lead: Media Producer: Jenny Moryan Kristen Flathman Manufacturing Buyer: Maura Zaldivar-Garcia Copyeditor: Lifland et al., Bookmakers Printer and Binder: Courier Kendallville Production Service: Lifland et al., Bookmakers Cover Printer: Phoenix Color Cover Images: Main Edition: ALMA—Adhemar Duro/Getty Images; Stars—ESO The Solar System: Mars—Detlev van Ravenswaay/Getty Images; Maven Satellite—Walter K. Feimer, Conceptual Image Lab, NASA Stars, Galaxies, and Cosmology: Milky Way and Rocks—Craig Goodwin/Getty Images Copyright © 2018, 2014, 2010, 2008, 2006. -
New Horizons 2 Alan Stern (Swri), Rick Binzel (MIT), Hal Levison
New Horizons 2 Alan Stern (SwRI), Rick Binzel (MIT), Hal Levison (SwRI), Rosaly Lopes (JPL), Bob Millis (Lowell Observatory), and Jeff Moore (NASA Ames) New Horizons is the inaugural mission in NASA’s New Frontiers program—a series of mid-sized planetary exploration projects. This mission was competitively selected in 2001 after a peer review competition between industry-university teams. The mission is on track toward a planned launch in January 2006—just over 6 months hence. The primary objective of New Horizons (NH) is to make the first reconnaissance of the solar system’s farthest planet, Pluto, its comparably sized satellite Charon. If an extended mission is approved, New Horizons may be able to also flyby a Kuiper Belt Object (KBOs) farther from the Sun. The exploration of the Kuiper Belt and Pluto-Charon was ranked as the highest new start priority for planetary exploration by the National Research Council’s recently completed (2002) Decadal Survey for Planetary Science. In accomplishing its goals, the mission is expected to reveal fundamental new insights into the nature of the outer solar system, the formation history of the planets, the workings of binary worlds, and the ancient repository of water and organic building blocks called the Kuiper Belt. Beyond its scientific ambitions, New Horizons is also breaking ground in lowering the cost of exploration of the outer solar system—for it is being built and launched for what are literally dimes on the dollar compared to deep outer solar system missions like Voyager, Galileo, and Cassini. The New Horizons spacecraft carries a suite of seven advanced, miniaturized instruments to obtain detailed imagery, mapping spectroscopy, thermal mapping, gravitational data, and in situ plasma composition, density, and energy sampling of the exotic, icy Pluto- Charon binary and a modest-sized (~50 km diameter) KBO. -
Prospects for Future Exploration of the Trans-Neptunian Region
Prospects for Future Exploration of the Trans-Neptunian Region Primary Authors: Bryan J. Holler (STScI), Michele T. Bannister (U. Canterbury), Kelsi N. Singer (SwRI), S. Alan Stern (SwRI) Co-Authors: Susan D. Benecchi (PSI), Cristina M. Dalle Ore (NASA Ames), Leigh N. Fletcher (U. of Leicester), Aurélie Guilbert-Lepoutre (U. de Lyon), Csaba Kiss (Konkoly Obs.), Pedro Lacerda (Queen’s U. Belfast), Kathleen E. Mandt (JHU/APL), Michaël Marsset (MIT), Alex H. Parker (SwRI), Noemí Pinilla-Alonso (FSI/UCF), Darin Ragozzine (BYU), Mark B. Tapley (SwRI), Chadwick A. Trujillo (NAU), Orkan M. Umurhan (SETI, NASA Ames), Hajime Yano (JAXA ISAS), Leslie A. Young (SwRI) Co-Signers: Richard Cartwright (SETI), Dale P. Cruikshank (NASA Ames), Estela Fernández-Valenzuela (FSI/UCF), Candy Hansen (PSI), Dean Hines (STScI), Jason D. Hofgartner (NASA/JPL), Timothy Holt (U. Southern Queensland), Carly Howett (SwRI), Katherine Murray (STScI), Cathy B. Olkin (SwRI), Nuno Peixinho (U. Coimbra), Alena Probst (JPL), Kirby D. Runyon (JHU/APL), Scott S. Sheppard (Carnegie Inst.), Anne Verbiscer (UVA), Maya D. Yanez (USC) Executive Summary: A strong case can be made for a flyby mission through the outer solar system in the coming decades. The census of the larger worlds of the trans-Neptunian region has shown that they display incredible diversity. Surface geology and composition, shapes, and binarity are far more varied in these distant populations than in many other regions of the solar system. Fully understanding these keystone worlds requires in situ observation. As demonstrated by New Horizons, the first trans-Neptunian flyby mission, close-up investigation can determine surface geology, atmospheric processes, space weather environment, interior-surface and surface- atmosphere interactions, and provide constraints on a body's interior [1-3]. -
Venus: the Nearby Exoplanetary Laboratory
Venus: The Nearby Exoplanetary Laboratory Stephen R. Kane (UC Riverside), Phone: 951-827-6593, Email: [email protected] Co-authors: Giada Arney (NASA GSFC), David Crisp (JPL), Shawn Domagal-Goldman (NASA GSFC), Lori S. Glaze (NASA GSFC), Colin Goldblatt (University of Victoria), David Grinspoon (Planetary Science Institute), James W. Head (Brown University), Adrian Lenardic (Rice University), Cayman Unterborn (Arizona State University), Michael J. Way (NASA GISS) Co-signers: Vladimir Airapetian (NASA/GSFC & American University), Ariel Anbar (Arizona State University), David Brain (University of Colorado), Shannon Curry (UC Berkeley), William Danchi (NASA/GSFC), Anthony Del Genio (NASA/GISS), Steven Desch (Arizona State University), Chuanfei Dong (Princeton University), Theresa Fisher (Arizona State University), Jonathan Fortney (UC Santa Cruz), Peter Gao (UC Berkeley), Dawn M. Gelino (NExScI), Gabriella Gilli (IA - FCUL), Guillaume Gronoff (SSAI/NASA LaRC), Scott Guzewich (NASA/GSFC), Hilairy E. Hartnett (Arizona State University), Nicholas G. Heavens (Hampton University), Wade G. Henning (NASA GSFC/University of Maryland), Noam R. Izenberg (Johns Hopkins University APL), Daniel Jontof-Hutter (University of the Pacific), Ravi Kopparapu (NASA/GSFC), Carey Lisse (Johns Hopkins University APL), R.O. Parke Loyd (Arizona State University), Wladimir Lyra (CSU Northridge), Avi M. Mandell (NASA/GSFC), Mark Marley (NASA/Ames), Pedro Machado (IA - FCUL), Kathleen Mandt (Johns Hopkins University APL), William B. Moore (Hampton University), Joseph G. O’Rourke (Arizona State University), Joe P. Renaud (George Mason University), Tyler D. Robinson (Northern Arizona University), Andrew J. Rushby (NASA/Ames), Laura Schaefer (Arizona State University), Caleb Scharf (Columbia University), Edward W. Schwieterman (UC Riverside), Everett L. Shock (Arizona State University), Harrison B. -
Demotion of Pluto Relegates the Planethood Status of Earth
International Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences (IJEAS) ISSN: 2394-3661, Volume-5, Issue-4, April 2018 Demotion of Pluto relegates the planethood status of Earth Dipak Nath Abstract— Planethood means the state or condition of being a of a planet. Earth is the third planet from the sun and the fifth Planet. Clyde.W. Tombough discovered Pluto on march13, 1930. largest. It is the only object in the universe known to harbor From its discovery in 1930 until 2006, Pluto was classified as life. Its name derives from Old English and Germanic .It is the Planet. In the late 20th and early 21st century, many objects densest major body in the solar system. Earth has only one similar to Pluto were discovered in the outer solar system, natural satellite, the moon. It has got many Asteroids and notably the scattered disc object Eris in 2005, which is 27% artificial satellites. Earth’s gravity interacts with other objects more massive than Pluto. On august-24, 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) defined what it means to be a Planet in space especially the sun and moon. Pluto was discovered by within the solar system. This definition excluded Pluto as a Clyde W Tombaugh in 1930 and was originally considered to Planet added it as a member of the new category “Dwarf Planet” be the ninth planet from the sun. After 1992, its status as along with Eris and Ceres. planet was questioned and in 2006 it was reclassified as a There were many reasons why Pluto got demoted to dwarf Dwarf Planet. -
Walter S. Kiefer
Walter S. Kiefer Lunar and Planetary Institute (281) 486-2110 (Office) 3600 Bay Area Blvd. [email protected] Houston, TX 77058 https://www.lpi.usra.edu/science/staff/kiefer/ Education Ph.D., Planetary Science and Geophysics, California Institute of Technology, 1990 Thesis: Models for the Formation of Highland Regions on Venus M.S., Planetary Science, California Institute of Technology, 1986 B.S., Physics and Astronomy, Texas Christian University, 1984, summa cum laude Honors Thesis: Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy of Clay Minerals and Tar Sands Professional Experience Lunar and Planetary Institute, 1993-present Senior Staff Scientist, 2017-present Manager for Geophysics and Small Bodies Group, 2019-present Staff Scientist, 1997-2016 Research Scientist, 1993-1997 National Research Council Research Associate, Goddard Space Flight Center, 1990-1993 Graduate Research Assistant and Graduate Teaching Assistant, Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, 1984-1990 Spacecraft Mission and Instrument Development Experience Gravity Recovery and Interior Laboratory (GRAIL) mission Guest Scientist, 2012-2016 DAVINCI+: Deep Atmosphere Venus Investigation of Noble gases, Chemistry, and Imaging+ mission proposal Co-I (NASA Discovery program Phase A Concept Study, 2020-2021) NASA representative on European Space Agency’s Science Study Team for the EnVision mission concept Phase A study (Venus remote sensing orbiter), 2018-2021 NASA Venus Landed Platform Science Working Group, 2018-2020 Seismic Atmospheric -
After Neptune Odyssey Design
Concept Study Team We are enormously proud to be part of a large national and international team many of whom have contributed their time in order to make this study a very enjoyable and productive experience. Advancing science despite the lockdown. Team Member Role Home Institution Team Member Role Home Institution Abigail Rymer Principal Investigator APL George Hospodarsky Plasma Wave Expert U. of Iowa Kirby Runyon Project Scientist APL H. Todd Smith Magnetospheric Science APL Brenda Clyde Lead Engineer APL Hannah Wakeford Exoplanets U. of Bristol, UK Susan Ensor Project Manager APL Imke de Pater Neptune expert Berkeley Clint Apland Spacecraft Engineer APL Jack Hunt GNC Engineer APL Jonathan Bruzzi Probe Engineer APL Jacob Wilkes RF Engineer APL Janet Vertisi Sociologist, teaming expert Princeton James Roberts Geophysicist APL Kenneth Hansen NASA HQ Representative NASA HQ Jay Feldman Probe Engineer NASA Ames Krista Soderlund Neptune WG Co-lead U. of Texas Jeremy Rehm Outreach APL Kunio Sayanagi Neptune WG Co-lead Hampton U. Jorge Nunez Payload Manager APL Alan Stern Triton WG Co-lead SwRI Joseph Williams Probe Engineer NASA Ames Lynne Quick Triton WG Co-lead GSFC Juan Arrieta Tour Design NablaZero lab Tracy Becker Icies and Rings WG Co-lead SwRI Kathleen Mandt Triton Science APL Matthew Hedman Icies and Rings WG Co-lead U. of Idaho Kelvin Murray Schedule APL Ian Cohen Aurora/Mag WG Co-lead APL Kevin Stevenson Exoplanets APL Frank Crary Aurora/Mag WG Co-lead U. of Colorado Kurt Gantz Mechanical Design Engineer APL Jonathan Fortney Exoplanets WG Lead UCSC Larry Wolfarth Cost Analysis APL Adam Masters Magnetospheric Science Imperial College Leigh Fletcher Physicist U. -
Chapters 11-14
At NASA, hopes for a new planetary mission to Saturn had been in the works since the early 1980s. Scientists had long sought to visit the second-largest planet in the solar system, with its fascinating system of rings, numerous moons, and unique magnetic field. 11 140 Visiting Saturn 11 The Cassini Mission s the 1980s drew to a close, the DOE Office of Special Applica- tions had its hands full with space nuclear power system work. Although assembly and testing of four GPHS-RTGs (including Aone spare) for the Galileo and Ulysses missions were complete, other projects filled the time. Ongoing assessment and development of DIPS, begun under SDI, continued on a limited basis under SEI. e SP- 100 space reactor program and TFE verification program were in the midst of ongoing development and testing. DOE also continued supporting DoD in development of a space nuclear thermal propulsion system that had begun under the auspices of SDI. At NASA, hopes for a new planetary mission to Saturn had been in the works since the early 1980s. Scientists had long sought to visit the second-largest planet in the solar system, with its fascinating system of rings, numerous moons, and unique magnetic field. Flybys of Saturn by the RTG-powered Pioneer 11 spacecraft in 1979 and the Voyager 1 and Voyager 2 spacecraft in 1980 and 1981, respectively, provided information that further piqued that interest. Efforts to acquire a Saturn mission finally came to fruition in 1989 with the authorization of Congressional funding. Conceived as an international partnership with the ESA and Italian Space Agency, the Cassini-Huygens mission (alternately the Cassini mission) began in 1990 and consisted of an orbiter (Cassini) and a probe (Huygens). -
2018 CWA Program
April 9-13, 2018 years 1 9 4 8 – 2 0 1 8 Download the CWA App Enjoy this free resource provided by the CWA to help enhance your conference experience! Features • Interactive campus map • Create your own schedule April 9-13, 2018 • Transportation & parking info • Live Q&A in sessions years • Schedule notifications 1 9 4 8 – 2 0 1 8 • Speaker information • Sharing to social media April 9-13, 2018 April 9-13, 2018 years years 1 9 4 8 – 2 0 1 8 To Download: 1 9 4 8 – 2 0 1 8 Visit your App or Google Play store & search for ‘Conference on World Affairs.’ If you already have the app: Please delete and re-download to view updated 2018 content. Welcome Download the CWA App Welcome to the 70th Conference on World Affairs! Enjoy this free resource provided by the CWA We’ve come a long way since 1948, when Howard Higman brought together a group of ambassadors and other policy leaders to discuss the state of the world! The University of Colorado has grown into a world-class institution to help enhance your conference experience! with four campuses, Nobel Laureates, MacArthur “Genius Grant” fellows, and National Medal of Science winners, and the Boulder community has become an internationally connected population, leading the world in technology, science, space exploration, natural foods and innovation. Our challenge is to maintain and grow the magic of a 70-year tradition even as we acknowledge the acceleration of change around us. Celebrating and Features leveraging the special town/gown relationship undergirding the CWA is fundamental to meeting this challenge.