DOCSLIB.ORG

Vaginal Cytology in Queens with Estrus Induced with Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin Citologia Vaginal Em Gatas Com Estro Induzido Por Gonadotrofina Coriônica Eqüina

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vaginal Cytology in Queens with Estrus Induced with Equine Chorionic Gonadotrophin Citologia Vaginal Em Gatas Com Estro Induzido Por Gonadotrofina Coriônica Eqüina RPCV (2003) 98 (547) 135-138 REVISTA PORTUGUESA DE CIÊNCIAS VETERINÁRIAS Vaginal cytology in queens with estrus induced with equine chorionic gonadotrophin Citologia vaginal em gatas com estro induzido por gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina Marcos Renato Franzosi Mattos*a, Lucilene Simões-Mattosb, Lúcia Daniel Machado da Silvab Universidade Estadual do Ceará (UECE), Faculdade de Veterinária (FAVET), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Veterinárias (PPGCV) Av. Paranjana, 1700, Campus do Itaperi, Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil. CEP 60.715-100 Summary: In order to determine the indirect influence of seve- Introduction ral doses of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) on vaginal In feline and mainly canine species, vaginal cyto- cytology, 42 queens were randomly allotted to four groups for treatment with 0.9% saline (control) or with 25, 40 or 60 IU/Kg logy examination is a current method for the assess- of eCG injected IM. Epithelial and blood cells examined in 135 ment of the stage of estrous cycle and of endocrine or vaginal smears showed the normal cell pattern of feline estrus. reproductive pathologies (Herron, 1977; Roszel, 1977; Mucus was seen in all smears. However, small intermediate cells Toniollo et al., 1995; Vannucchi et al., 1997; Nasci- were rarely found and the presence of erythrocytes and neutro- mento e Lopez, 1999; Erunal-Maral et al., 2000). This phils was considered negligible. In conclusion, the cell pattern of the vaginal epithelium of queens with estrus induced with is due to the high responsiveness of the vaginal epi- different doses of eCG was similar to that of queens with natu- thelium to hormonal fluctuations, especially estrogens, ral estrus. Thus, we may speculate that the hormonal stimulus causing changes in the cellular profile. Increasing occurring in the vaginal epithelium of eCG-induced queens is estrogen concentrations determine cell proliferation, the same as that occurring in natural estrus, or that this epithe- with thickening of the vaginal epithelium layers and lium responds similarly to different dose of eCG. On this basis, vaginal cytology may be not an efficient tool for the assessment consequent cell differentiation (Papanicolaou, 1942; of the hormonal environment of queens with induced estrus. Roszel, 1977; Concannon e Digregorio, 1986; Johns- ton et al., 2001). Resumo: Para determinar a influência indirecta de várias doses Currently, assisted reproductive technologies (ART) de gonadotrofina coriônica eqüina (eCG) na citologia vaginal, such as estrus synchronization, ovulation induction 42 gatas foram distribuídas aleatoriamente em quatro grupos tratados com solução salina 0,9% (controle) ou com 25, 40 ou and/or superovulation have been developed using the 60 UI/Kg de eCG via IM. De 135 esfregaços vaginais, foram domestic cat as model for wild felids (Dresser et al., examinadas as células epiteliais e sangüíneas, que apresenta- 1987; Wildt et al., 1992; Swanson et al., 1995. 1998; ram padrão celular normal para o estro felino. Houve presença Mattos et al., 2001a; Aguiar et al., 2002). However, de muco em todos os esfregaços. Por outro lado, células do low reproductive success is obtained in domestic cats tipo pequena intermediária foram raramente encontradas, e a presença de eritrócitos e neutrófilos foi considerada irrelevante. submitted to ART (Pope, 2000) mainly with gona- Podemos concluir que o padrão celular do epitélio vaginal de dotrophin therapy (Verstegen et al., 1993; Graham gatas com o estro induzido por diferentes doses de eCG foi et al., 2000; Mattos et al., 2001a). It is known that semelhante ao de gatas em estro natural. Assim, podemos espe- plasma estradiol-17β concentrations are enhanced cular que o estímulo hormonal sobre o epitélio vaginal em gatas in queens with gonadotrophin-induced estrus, toge- que receberam eCG é o mesmo do das gatas em estro natural, ou que este epitélio responde da mesma maneira frente a diferentes ther with an early increase in plasma progesterone doses de eCG. Neste sentido, a citologia vaginal pode não ser concentrations causing hormonal disruption. These uma ferramenta eficiente para a avaliação do ambiente hormonal hormonal alterations are considered to be responsible de gatas com estro induzido. for the low reproductive success by interfering with physiological status (Goodrowe et al., 1986; Roth et al., 1997; Barnes, 2000; Graham et al., 2000). Several studies using different evaluation methods to deter- mine how and where this hormonal alteration causes a low reproductive success have obtained different and inconclusive results (Herron and Sis, 1974; Goodrowe * Corresponding author: e-mail [email protected], et al., 1986; Orosz et al., 1992; Verstegen et al., 1993; telephone. +55-85-299-2760, fax +55-85-299-2740. Schramm and Bavister, 1995; Roth et al., 1995,1997; aFUNCAP fellowship bCNPq fellowship Barnes, 2000; Graham et al., 2000; Silva et al., 2001). 135 Mattos, M.R.F. et al. RPCV (2003) 98 (547) 135-138 In rats, the vaginal epithelium is highly sensitive to maintained in natural light (approximately 12 h light / hormone administration, permitting a reliable endpoint 12 h dark). The queens were randomly allotted to four assessment of hormonal imbalance (Banik and Herr, groups receiving different doses of eCG (IU/kg/IM) as 1969; Nagaoka et al., 2002). In contrast, the indirect follows: 0 (control group), 25, 40 and 60. The estrous influence of exogenous gonadotrophins causing the cycles were daily monitored, with evaluation of the steroidal hormones imbalance after ART procedures peculiar signs of each phase according to previous on the cellular pattern of the vaginal epithelium of studies (Banks, 1986; Johnston et al., 2001; Silva et cats is poorly known. Indeed, due to the sensitivity of al., 2001). On the fifth day of interestrus, the queens the vaginal epithelium to steroid hormones, vaginal received a single injection of eCG. The control group cytology may be an indirect parameter for the deter- was considered as natural estrus and received only mination of the hormonal environment of gonadotro- 1 mL of saline solution (0.9%). After hormonal or phin-induced estrus in cats. Thus, it is very important placebo injection, the queens were exposed daily to to establish reliable endpoints for the assessment of the toms until male acceptance, although at that time the individual hormonal milieu of queens with gona- mating was prevented by us. Twenty-four and 48 h dotrophin-induced estrus queens in order to assess the after the first day of male acceptance by queens, four consequences of ART procedures. mating episodes were allowed to occur over a period Thus, as the action of equine chorionic gonadotro- of two hours. It is important to point out that this study phin (eCG) and FSH are similar concerning the relea- is part of a wide trial which evaluates the effects of sing of estrogens, the purpose of the present study was gonadotrophins on different reproductive parameters to access the possibility of the indirect influence on the (data not shown). This explains the mating procedures vaginal cellular profile of queens by ovarian stimula- cited above. Thus, only vaginal cytology findings will tion with progressive increasing doses of eCG. be mentioned. Materials and Methods Vaginal cytology Animals and treatments Ten to 15 minutes after the last mating, vaginal cells were obtained by gently passing a sterile cotton-tipped Forty-seven adult intact undefined breed cats Felis( swab into the vaginal canal followed by a quick 180º catus) were used in this trial, 42 queens (body weight rotation. The cells were transferred to one or two 2.5 to 4.8 kg), and five toms (3.5 to 5.8 kg). The ani- slides, air dried, and immediately fixed with 100% mals were housed in individual cages (80 x 60 x 60 ethanol. The smears were stained with hematoxylin cm) and fed a dry maintenance cat food (Eukanuba and eosin, modified (Mattos et al., 2001b). A total Chiken and Rice Formula, Kitekat and Gatsy) and of 135 vaginal smears were obtained from the four water ad libitum throughout the study. In addition, they different treatments on the second and third days of were kept free in a commun solarium with sufficient permitted mating. Twenty-six slides were prepared for material for distraction for at least four hours/day. The the control group, 36 for the 25 IU group, 34 for the 40 experiment was accomplished from February to June IU group, and 39 for the 60 IU group. of 2002, in the Fortaleza city, Northeastern Brazil, situated at 3º 43’ 47” South and 38º 30’ 37” West. In Evaluation of vaginal cells this region there are few differences in number of hour per day along the year and the queens show estrous Smears were examined under a light microscope at cycle during all year. In this work, the queens were magnifications of X32, X100, X400 and X1000. Two- Figure 1 - Percentage of epithelial vaginal cells (mean ± SEM) of the Figure 2 - Percentage of epithelial vaginal cells (mean ± SEM) of exfo- vaginal smears from 42 domestic queen (Felis catus) in natural (control) liates vaginal smears of domestic queen (Felis catus) at first and second or induced estrus at different doses of eCG. PB - Parabasal; SI - Small days of mating. PB - Parabasal; SI - Small intermediate; LI - Large intermediate; LI - Large intermediate; NS - Nucleated superficial; AS - intermediate; NS - Nucleated superficial; AS - Anucleated superficial. p Anucleated superficial. p ≤ 0.01. ≤ 0.01. 136 Mattos, M.R.F. et al. RPCV (2003) 98 (547) 135-138 hundred epithelial cells from each slide were evaluated this respect, examination of the cell profile by vaginal and classified according to previous studies (Concan- cytology during the estrous cycle may be an inefficient non e Digregorio, 1986; Shille et al., 1979; Mattos et tool for the evaluation of the hormonal environment in al., 2001b) as: parabasal (PB), small intermediate (SI), cats with induced estrus. large intermediate (LI), nucleated superficial (NS) In this trial, the profile of the epithelial cells detected and anucleated superficial (AS).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Exfoliative Vaginal Cytology and Serum Progesterone During the Estrous Cycle of Indigenous Ewes in Bangladesh Begum Fatema Zohara1,†, Azizunnesa2, Md
    pISSN 1225-4991, eISSN 2288-0178 183 J. Emb. Trans. (2014) Vol. 29, No. 2, pp. 183～188 http://dx.doi.org/10.12750/JET.2014.29.2.183 Exfoliative Vaginal Cytology and Serum Progesterone during the Estrous Cycle of Indigenous Ewes in Bangladesh Begum Fatema Zohara1,†, Azizunnesa2, Md. Faruk Islam1, Md. Golam Shahi Alam3 and Farida Yeasmin Bari3 1Department of Medicine, Surgery and Obstetrics, Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University, Dinajpur, Bangladesh 2Department of Medicine and Surgery, Chittagong Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chittagong, Bangladesh 3Department of Surgery and Obstetrics, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. ABSTRACT A study was carried out on 16 indigenous ewes in Bangladesh in order to assess the reproductive physiology, the pattern of vaginal cell exfoliation and progesterone profiles during the estrous cycle period. The mean estrous cycle length and duration of estrus were 15.8±0.12 days and 31.1±0.57 h respectively. The exfoliated epithelial cells were categorized into parabasal, intermediate, superficial and keratinized and their relative occurrences. The percentages of parabasal, intermediate and superficial cell type during proestrus were similar. The percentage of superficial cell type during estrus was 61.7%, which was significantly (p<0.01) differ from other types of cells and stages of estrus cycle. Metoestrus was predominant with neutrophils in addition with other cell types. Dioestrus was dominated by neutrophils. On days 0 to 5 of the cycle the progesterone concentration was 0.09 to 1.6±0.07 ng/ml. The length of diestrus was 5∼10 days with a range of mean progesterone level of 1.6±0.07 to 2.8±0.11 ng/ml.
    [Show full text]
  • Determination of Early Pregnancy in Swamp Buffaloes (Bubalus Bubalis) Using Vaginal Cytology
    Original Article Bufalo Bulletin (April-June 2020) Vol.39 No.2 DETERMINATION OF EARLY PREGNANCY IN SWAMP BUFFALOES (BUBALUS BUBALIS) USING VAGINAL CYTOLOGY Wilasinee Inyawilert1,*, Yu-Jing Liao2, Pin-Chi Tang3, Kwanruan Junsong1 and Vuttikai Paungsukpaibool4 ABSTRACT using ultrasonography and rectal palpation on 90 days after AI. The results showed that twenty one The accuracy of pregnancy diagnosis is bufaloes were pregnant, and nine bufaloes were important for increasing reproductive efciency not pregnant. Therefore, the vaginal cytology and decreasing interbreeding intervals of swamp technique might be an alternative method to bufaloes. Hence, the aim of this study was to determine pregnancy and reduce estrus detection investigate the early pregnancy diagnosis in swamp problems in swamp bufaloes. bufaloes by the vaginal cytology. Thirty female bufaloes at 4 to 7 years of age were selected and Keywords: Bubalus bubalis, bufaloes, pregnancy, administered Ovsynch (GnRH + PGF2α + GnRH) vaginal cytology, swamp bufaloes and modifed Ovsynch (GnRH + PGF2α protocols. The vaginal swab was collected from each bufalo after 19 to 21 days of artifcial insemination (AI), INTRODUCTION stained with Wright Giemsa, and observed under microscopy. The results showed that superfcial The swamp bufalo (Bubalus bubalis) is an epithelial cells were more dominant when indigenous and durable breed mostly originating rebreeding (non-pregnant) on 20 to 21 days after from northeastern Thailand, (Triwitayakorn et AI. In contrast, a vaginal smear during pregnancy al., 2006). Nowadays, the bufalo population is was characterized by few superfcial epithelial drastically reducing in Thailand. From 1995 to cells while the parabasal cells and leukocytes were 2004, the number of bufaloes has been decreased more dominant in pregnant bufaloes on 19 to 21 from 3.7 to 1.49 million heads on an average decline days after AI.
    [Show full text]
  • Vaginal Cytology: an Historical Perspective on Its Diagnostic Use
    Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences Review Article Vaginal Cytology: An Historical Perspective on its Diagnostic Use 1 2 MRIDULA SHARMA *, NISHANT SHARMA 1VGO, CVASC, Pantnagar Uttrakhand; 2VO Uttarakhand, India. Abstract | The knowledge of the reproductive physiology of estrus cycle is important for animal management and in order to determine the reproductive and productive potential of animals. The stage of the estrus cycle was predicted through the morphologic, endocrine and secretary changes occurring in the ovaries and the tubular genitalia during the estrous cycle, which had been associated with levels of steroid sex hormones. Vaginal cytology is a simple technique that can be used by practitioners to characterize stages of the reproductive cycle, disease conditions of genital tract and is a useful tool in determining optimum mating time (standing heat) in bitches. Many researchers studied the variations that occur in the vaginal mucosa at different phases of estrus cycle in bitch, sheep, goats, swine, cow etc. by using vaginal smears. The vaginal epithelial cells are classified into three cell types according to the differences in their sizes as a superficial squamous cells (40-65um diameter) with light cytoplasm, intermediate squamous cells (20-40um diameter) and parabasal cells (12-15um diameter or four type’s viz. parabasal, intermediate, superficial intermediate and superficial cells. The relative proportion of different types of vaginal epithelial cells can be used as a marker of the endocrine environment as under the influence of estrogen, the epithelial cells accumulate large amount of glycogen and undergo rapid cell proliferation in the basal and parabasal layers and more number of superficial squamous cells are produced.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Cervical/Vaginal Cytology in the Diagnosis of Cervicitis /Vaginitis in a Rural Setup
    International Journal of Health and Clinical Research, 2021;4(6):172-176 e-ISSN: 2590-3241, p-ISSN: 2590-325X ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Original Research Article Role of cervical/vaginal cytology in the diagnosis of cervicitis /vaginitis in a rural setup Anuja Mishra1, Tanwi Singh1*, Nidhish Kumar1, K.M. Hiwale2 1Senior Resident,Department of Pathology,Indira Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar,India 2Professor,Department of Pathology,Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, Maharashtra,India Received: 01-12-2020 / Revised: 13-02-2021 / Accepted: 21-03-2021 Abstract Introduction: Vaginal discharge in the reproductive age group is the most common complaint encountered everyday . Among the cases of symptomatic vaginal discharge Bacterial vaginosis is commonest cause followed by candidiasis and trichomoniasis. Multiple infections can also coexist but these three conditions account for majority of all etiologies of abnormal vaginal discharge.Material and methods: There were 100 women recruited for the study between 20-45 years with the objectives to recognize the cytological and microbiological culture manifestations in vaginitis/cervicitis by correlating the cytological findings with diagnostic culture method to confirm the diagnosis. All the patients with signs and symptoms of vaginitis, who attended the obstetrics and gynecology outpatient department, were subjected to detailed clinical examination and vaginal
    [Show full text]
  • A Comparative Study on Staining Techniques for Vaginal Exfoliative Cytology of Rat
    Journal of Pharmacology & Clinical Research ISSN: 2473-5574 Research Article J of Pharmacol & Clin Res - Volume 3 Issue 3 July 2017 Copyright © All rights are reserved by MR Srinivasan DOI: 10.19080/JPCR.2017.03.555615 A Comparative Study on Staining Techniques for Vaginal Exfoliative Cytology of Rat MR Srinivasan*, A Sabarinathan1, A Geetha1, K Shalini2 and M Sowmiya2 1Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, India 2Department of Pharmacology &Pharmacognosy, Madras Medical College, India Submission: July 17, 2016; Published: July 27, 2017 *Corresponding author: MR Srinivasan, M.V.Sc., Assistant Professor, Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology, Madras Veterinary College, Chennai - 600 007, Tamil Nadu, India, Tel: ; Email: Abstract This study describes the suitable vaginal exfoliative cytology staining technique for the study of various stage of estrus cycle. Two staining techniques namely Crystal violet and Papanicolaou stains were compared and evaluated for various types of cells during the four stage of estrous cycle in rats. The study revealed that the Papanicolaou staining is a better method over crystal violet staining technique, because the Papanicolaou staining is polychromatic, hence it yields clear nuclear and cytoplasmic details of vaginal exfoliativecells. This study concludes that the Papanicolaou staining technique can be utilized for vaginal exfoliative cells staining for the determination various cell stages in estrous cycle in rats. Introduction The cyclic differences in vaginal cytology occur in response Female rodents are polyestrous, spontaneous ovulators with to the morphological changes of the vaginal epithelium by regular and successive estrous cycles that may vary with age and cell desquamation.The vaginal mucosal layers consist of stratum corneum, stratum granulosum, rete mucosum and of the year and other environmental factors.
    [Show full text]
  • Reproductive Endocrinology and Vaginal Cytology of the Female Llama (Lama Glama)
    AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Juan B. Leon for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Animal Science presented on March 20, 1989. Title: Reproductive Endocrinology and Vaginal Cytology of the Female Llama (Lama glama). Abstract approved: Redacted for privacy Brnford B. Smith Four studies were conducted in the llama (Lama glama)evaluating changes in reproductive physiology, vaginal cytology, andgrowth. Study I. Temporal changes in vaginal cytology were correlated with alterations in serum estradiol -17j9 and progesteroneconcentrations. A 2 * 2 factorial study examined the treatment effects ofa) concurrent male exposure without copulation and b) collection ofvaginal smears for cytologic examination on serum hormone concentrations. Repeated collection of vaginal samples produced: a) an increase in therelative percentage of cornified cells, b) a decrease in the percentageof intermediate cells; and c) no changes in serum estrogen or progesterone concentrations. The presence of a male did not influence serum estrogen, progesterone or vaginal cytology. Study II. The life-span of the corpus luteum was determined following hCG-induced ovulation and sterile or fertile breedings. Peak plasma progesterone concentrations of 8.5 ± .3 ng/ml at9,8 ± .8 days following either sterile breeding or hCG administration wasobserved. Luteal regression, began 10.3 ± .3 and 10.8 ± .8 daysfollowing sterile breeding or hCG adminstration, respectively, and wascompleted by day 12-13 post-stimulation. Following a fertile breeding, progesterone increased significantly by 4 days post-breeding and remained above 2 ng/ml in all animals that subsequently delivered a full term cria. Fertile breedings could be differentiated from sterile breedings or hCG induced ovulation by 15 days post-stimulation by differences in progesterone concentration.
    [Show full text]
  • 1 Reproductive Cycle Stage Assessment Using Vaginal Cytology
    Reproductive cycle stage assessment using vaginal cytology evaluation in African lions (Panthera leo) Isabel Callealtaa,*, Andre Ganswindtb,c, Imke Luedersa aDepartment of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa bMammal Research Institute, Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield, 0028, South Africa cCentre for Veterinary Wildlife Studies, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110 *Corresponding author at: Isabel Callealta, department of Anatomy and Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort, 0110, South Africa; E-mail addresses: [email protected] (I. Callealta), [email protected] (A. Ganswindt), [email protected] (I. Lueders) 1 ABSTRACT Vaginal cytology evaluation is an economic, non-invasive technique for indirect monitoring of fluctuations in estrogen concentrations, and thus progression of the estrous cycle. This technique is widely used in domestic dogs for determining timing of artificial insemination. There, however, are only a few reports on the vaginal cytology of non-domestic felids, including lions. This study was conducted, therefore, to describe the vaginal epithelial changes throughout the reproductive cycle of African lions, and to investigate the efficacy of vaginal cytology assessments for predicting reproductive stages. During a 12-month period, reproductive behavioral data and vaginal swabs were collected daily from five lionesses. In total, 541 vaginal smears were evaluated for the proportion of mucosal epithelial cells, neutrophils, bacterial cells, and amount of mucous, cellular debris. One single swab with a large proportion of superficial cells, absence of neutrophils, large number of bacteria, without cellular debris was sufficient for detecting lionesses in estrus.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytological Characteristics of Mucose Cell and Vaginal Temperature and Ph During Estrous Cycle in Local Sheep
    Siti Darodjah Rasad and Rangga Setiawan /Animal Production. 19(1):21-27, 2017 ISSN 1411-2027 Cytological Characteristics of Mucose Cell and Vaginal Temperature and pH During Estrous Cycle in Local Sheep Siti Darodjah Rasad* and Rangga Setiawan Animal Reproduction & AI Laboratory, Animal Husbandry Faculty, Universitas Padjadjaran Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang KM 21, Campus Jatinangor, Sumedang–Indonesia *Corresponding author email: [email protected] Abstract. The aim of this study was to examine the cytological characteristics of mucous cell and vaginal temperature and pH during estrous cycle in 30 local sheep. Synchronization of estrous was using vaginal sponge impregnated with 20 mg progesterone prior to observations of cytology of cells from vaginal mucose through vaginal swabs to measure vaginal temperature and pH. Vaginal swabs were collected daily at 07.00 am for a week. Vaginal temperature and pH were measured twice a day at 07.00 am and 15.00 pm for a week after vaginal swabs. The smears of the swab were prepared on glass slide and stained with Giemsa. The study used descriptive statistical method and the parameters were cytology of vaginal cells and vaginal temperature and pH during estrous cycle. Vaginal epithelial cells classfied into parabasal, intermediate and superficial cells were counted and determined the percentage during proestrous, estrous and diestrous. Observation on vaginal temperature showed that the highest temperature (39.08±0.28°C) was obtained on the third day. It can be concluded that during estrous phase, cytology of vaginal mucose cell was dominated by superficial cell and both vaginal temperature and pH increased.
    [Show full text]
  • Cytological Assessment of Vaginal Epithelial Cells in Undergraduate Females of Reproductive Age in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria
    Advances in Research 21(10): 46-53, 2020; Article no.AIR.61343 ISSN: 2348-0394, NLM ID: 101666096 Cytological Assessment of Vaginal Epithelial Cells in Undergraduate Females of Reproductive Age in Ogun State, South-West Nigeria Adepoju Paul Olusegun1*, Solaja Anuoluwani Adeola1, Adediji Isaac1, Nabofa Williams2 and Adepoju Victoria Feyikemi3 1Department of Medical Laboratory Science, School of Public and Allied Health, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria. 2Physiology Department, Ben Carson School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ogun State, Nigeria. 3Department of Reproductive Health, Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria. Authors’ contributions This work was carried out in collaboration among all authors. Author APO designed the study and wrote the protocol. Author SAA performed the statistical analysis and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. Authors AI and NW managed the analyses of the study. Author AVF managed the literature searches. All authors read and approved the final manuscript. Article Information DOI: 10.9734/AIR/2020/v21i1030251 Editor(s): (1) Dr. Oswin Grollmuss, University of Paris XI, France. (2) Dr. Jose Eduardo Serrao, Federal University of Viçosa, Brazil. (3) Prof. Jaime Salvador Moysén, Universidad Juárez del Estado de Durango, Mexico. Reviewers: (1) Deepika Lather, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (LUVAS), India. (2) Okon Abou Joel Landry, University of Felix Houphouet-Boigny, Ivory Coast. Complete Peer review History: http://www.sdiarticle4.com/review-history/61343 Received 20 July 2020 Accepted 26 September 2020 Original Research Article Published 06 October 2020 ABSTRACT This study assessed the vaginal epithelial cells and its relationship with the reproductive hormones as a determinant for fertility.
    [Show full text]
  • Canine Vaginal Cytology During the Estrous Cycle
    I ~~~~~~;;'U.g-;;fi3I I Canine Vaginal Cytology During the Estrous Cycle KLAAS POST Department of Veterinarv Internal Medicine, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7A O WO SuMMar v Vaginal Smnear Collection although a large intermediate cell may Changes which occur in vaginal Smears were collected from the ves- have a polygonal shape (1). cytology of the bitch during proestrus, tibule using a microscope slide. The Parabasal cells have a large vesicu- estrus, metestrus and anestrus are labia of the vulv a were massaged lar nucleus and the cytoplasm stains correlated. The terms superficial cell externally and then separated using somewhat darker than the interme- index and karvopyknotic index are the thumb and index finger (Figure 1). diate and superficial cell cytoplasm introduced and explained in order that The microscope slide was gentlN (Figure 6). they may be used to describe vaginal pressed to the surface of the vestibular Other cells recognized were foam cytological changes and to assist in mucosa. The smear was made by lay- cells, metestral cells, erythrocytes, breeding programs. ing the slide on another slide and pul- neutrophils, as well as mucus and ling it over the surface of the second debris. In?tr'odIUCtiOn7 slide (Figure 2), which was then air The investigation of the exfoliated dried and stained. Smears were Patterns of' Vaginal Stmiears During cells in the canine vaginal smear has obtained every Monday, Wednesday CYclic Change been studied previously (1,2,3A4,5,6), and Friday during proestrus, estrus Under estrogen influence, during but most wvorkers have used special and metestrus.
    [Show full text]
  • Review APPLICATION of EXFOLIATIVE
    Bulgarian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 2016 ONLINE FIRST ISSN 1311-1477; DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.997 Review APPLICATION OF EXFOLIATIVE VAGINAL CYTOLOGY IN CLINICAL CANINE REPRODUCTION – A REVIEW A. L. ANTONOV Department of Obstetrics, Reproduction and Reproductive Disorders, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, 6000, Bulgaria Summary Antonov, A. L., 2016. Application of exfoliative vaginal cytology in clinical canine reproduction – a review. Bulg. J. Vet. Med. (online first). Vaginal cytology has many practical applications in the evaluation of both the normal and abnormal bitch. The objective of this review is to describe the use of exfoliative vaginal cytology as a diagnostic tool in clinical canine reproduction. Key words: bitch, exfoliative vaginal cytology INTRODUCTION respect to the optimal breeding time (Tur- malaj et al., 2011). Exfoliative vaginal cytology is the most popular diagnostic method as a part of the gynaecological examination in the bitch PROCEDURES FOR VAGINAL CELL (Dreier, 1975; Gunzel-Apel & Koivisto, COLLECTION AND OBTAINING 1984; Linde & Karlson, 1984; Soderberg, SMEARS 1986a,b; Tammer et al., 1994; Johnson, Vaginal cells could be collected using a 2006; Wehrend, 2007; Trasch, 2008; sterile speculum and a saline-moistened Turmalaj et al., 2011; Groppetti et al., cotton swab (Wrobel et al., 1975; Wright 2012; Leigh et al., 2013; Wehrend et al., & Parry, 1989; Gunzel-Apel, 1993). It is 2013). It is based on determination of important to prevent contact of the swab cyclic cellular changes occurring in the with the vestibule, because its cells do not vaginal epithelium as a result of reproduc- react as quickly to an increase in the blood tive hormone levels, especially estrogens estrogen concentration as the vaginal (Wright & Parry, 1989).
    [Show full text]
  • Temporal Analysis of Vaginal Proteome Reveals Developmental
    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Temporal analysis of vaginal proteome reveals developmental changes in lower reproductive tract Received: 14 March 2019 Accepted: 27 August 2019 of gilts across the frst two weeks Published: xx xx xxxx postnatal KaLynn Harlow1, Aridany Suarez-Trujillo1, Victoria Hedrick2, Tiago Sobreira2, Uma K. Aryal 2, Kara Stewart1 & Theresa Casey 1 In swine the upper reproductive tract undergoes early postnatal development, however little is known about the lower reproductive tract. Our objective was to measure cytology and proteome of vaginal swab samples taken on postnatal day (PND) 2 and 16 in gilts to determine if temporal changes occurred in cell and protein profles during the frst two weeks after birth. The posterior vagina was swabbed using a cytology brush on PND 0, 2 and 16 and slides were prepared. The proportion of anuclear and superfcial cells increased and parabasal decreased (P < 0.05) from PND 0 to 16. Proteins isolated from vaginal swabs taken on PND 2 and 16 from six gilts across three litters were measured using LC-MS/MS. Over 1500 proteins were identifed, with 881 diferentially expressed (P-adj < 0.05) between PND 2 and 16. One-third of proteins upregulated between days were categorized as secreted, including lipocalins. Categories enriched by downregulated proteins included cell-cell adherens junction, translation and ER to Golgi vesicle-mediated transport, and refected increased cornifcation of stratifed epithelium and thus mirrored changes in cytology. Changes in cytology and proteome over the frst two weeks after birth support that the porcine vagina continues to develop postnatal. A signifcant amount of female reproductive tract development occurs in the early postnatal period in swine1–7.
    [Show full text]